683:
2570:
2076:
454:
42:
706:
and conceived the idea of his would-be creation. He used the insensible and motionless Void as a weapon against Angra Mainyu, and at the end of that period, Angra Mainyu was forced to submission and fell into a stupor for the next 3,000 years. Taking advantage of Angra Mainyu's absence, Ahura Mazda
734:
Following MacKenzie, the following chapter names in quotation marks reflect the original titles. Those without quotation marks are summaries of chapters that have no title. The chapter/section numbering scheme is based on that of B.T. Anklesaria for the greater recension, and that of West for the
1269:
XXIV. D-U. (19) The three-legged ass, the ox Haδayãš, the bird Čamroš, the bird Karšift, the bird Ašōzušt, the utility of other beasts and birds, the white falcon, the Kāskēn bird, the vulture, dogs, the fox, the weasel, the rat, the hedgehog, the beaver, the eagle, the
Caspian horse, the cock.
661:
The two recensions derive from different manuscript traditions, and in the portions available in both sources, vary (slightly) in content. The greater recension is also the older of the two, and was dated by West to around 1540. The lesser recension dates from about 1734.
735:
lesser recension. The chapter numbers for the greater recension are in the first column and in Roman numerals, and the chapter numbers for the lesser recension are in the second column, and are noted in Arabic numerals and in parentheses.
1511:
4. And all his original creations, residing in the world, are committed to them; so that when the destroyer arrives they overcome the adversary and their own persecution, and the creatures are saved from those adversities.
673:
for the greater recension. The two series' are not synchronous since the lesser recension was analyzed (by
Duperron in 1771) before the extent of the greater recension was known. The chapter order is also different.
2182:
1503:
of the astronomers, of which the names are
Padevar, Pesh-Parviz, Parviz, Paha, Avesar, Beshn, Rakhvad, Taraha, Avra, Nahn, Miyan, Avdem, Mashaha, Spur, Husru, Srob, Nur, Gel, Garafsha Varant, Gau, Goi, Muru,
682:
1522:
6. On the recommendation of those chieftains the many unnumbered stars are specially assigned to the various quarters and various places, as the united strength and appointed power of those constellations.
542:. The content reflects Zoroastrian scripture, which, in turn, reflects both ancient Zoroastrian and pre-Zoroastrian beliefs. In some cases, the text alludes to contingencies of post-7th century
1515:
5. As a specimen of a warlike army, which is destined for battle, they have ordained every single constellation of those 6480 thousand small stars as assistance; and among those constellations
686:
Regions depicted in chap. VIII (11) "On the nature of the lands": the Kvanîras (or Khvanîras), Savah, Arzah, Fradadafsh and Vîdadafsh, and Vôrûbarst and Vôrûgarst regions
633:
The traditionally given name seems to be an adoption of the sixth word from the first sentence of the younger of the two recensions. The older of the two
1901:
1730:
1681:
482:
1677:
197:
658:) collection. The later chapters are several centuries younger than the oldest ones. The oldest existing copy dates to the mid-16th century.
1614:
Domenico
Agostini and Samuel Thrope. "What is the Bundahišn?: Genre and Zoroastrian Literature." Iran and the Caucasus 2020, 378-393.
2118:
570:: an Indian and an Iranian version. The shorter version was found in India and contains only 30 chapters, and is thus known as the
648:
Most of the chapters of the compendium date to the 8th and 9th centuries, roughly contemporary with the oldest portions of the
1894:
702:
for the hegemony of the world. According to the text, in the first 3,000 years of the cosmic year, Ahura Mazda created the
475:
2536:
583:
404:
2594:
1819:
1791:
1602:
711:(Bounteous Immortals), representing the primordial elements of the material world, and permeated his kingdom with
1887:
468:
2604:
1830:
2557:
2552:
2499:
2111:
1441:
stars and those also not of the constellations, then the moon, and afterwards the sun, as I shall relate.
2489:
1481:
434:
414:
519:
script. The original name of the work is not known. It is one of the most important extant witnesses to
2599:
2531:
1597:, in "The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas", Published by Cambridge University Press, 2008,
2494:
1485:
694:
is the concise view of the
Zoroastrianism's creation myth, and of the first battles of the forces of
1703:
1489:
2526:
1628:
2574:
2504:
2453:
2104:
2085:
1477:
1448:, and the constellation stars are assigned to it by him; especially these twelve whose names are
389:
25:
2181:
2521:
1493:
1461:
1457:
1453:
520:
152:
1723:
1670:
2463:
2024:
1473:
1469:
1449:
512:
439:
342:
1805:, Handbuch der Orientalistik 1., Abt., IV. Band, 2. Abschn. 1, Leiden: Brill, pp. 40–41
2458:
1265:"On various things, in what manner they were created and the opposition which befell them."
394:
337:
8:
2468:
2272:
1465:
1366:"On the abodes which the Kays made with splendor, which are called wonders and marvels."
364:
1856:
1843:
1267:
XXIV. A-C. (18) The Gōkarn tree, the Wās ī Paṇčāsadwarān (fish), the Tree of many seeds.
2356:
2290:
2019:
2014:
2009:
1979:
1770:
637:
has a different first line, and the first translation of that version adopted the name
277:
207:
1971:
1815:
1787:
1774:
1711:
1658:
1650:
Zand-Ākāsīh, Iranian or
Greater Bundahišn. Transliteration and Translation in English
1598:
1571:
1348:
2473:
2277:
2267:
2050:
1999:
1989:
1851:
1762:
1445:
369:
192:
187:
2080:
1838:
458:
2371:
2366:
2315:
2257:
2127:
2060:
1967:
1927:
708:
670:
655:
623:
539:
524:
502:
292:
287:
237:
177:
33:
1766:
1697:
2588:
2509:
2285:
2196:
1994:
1500:
1438:
854:"On the doing battle of the creations of the world against the Evil Spirit."
543:
409:
202:
107:
2376:
2361:
2330:
2320:
2252:
2247:
2216:
2055:
2045:
1505:
699:
516:
297:
282:
242:
172:
167:
132:
622:
contains characteristics that fall under the rubric of different forms of
2448:
2262:
2141:
1910:
1879:
1870:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1516:
807:
724:
723:
finally recounts the creation of the primordial bovine, Ewagdad (Avestan
695:
327:
182:
57:
2386:
2242:
2156:
654:, which is another significant text of the "Pahlavi" (i.e. Zoroastrian
162:
72:
2443:
2438:
2166:
2146:
1566:
784:"On the reason for the creation of the creatures, for doing battle."
634:
567:
322:
317:
82:
62:
41:
1437:
1. Ohrmazd produced illumination between the sky and the earth, the
719:), "Truth" in order to prevent Angra Mainyu from destroying it. The
511:, "Primal Creation") is an encyclopedic collection of beliefs about
2381:
2305:
2300:
2075:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1824:
1648:
1352:
1210:
The independence of earth, water, and plants from effort and rest.
921:
865:"The first battle the Spirit of the Sky did with the Evil Spirit."
728:
703:
453:
227:
222:
127:
626:, including both as an encyclopedic text and as a text similar to
2412:
2346:
2325:
2171:
2096:
2040:
2004:
1919:
748:
650:
627:
347:
267:
247:
87:
2514:
2391:
2237:
2232:
2201:
1947:
1377:"On the afflictions which befell Ērānšahr in each millennium."
1166:"On the chieftains of men and animals and every single thing."
666:
579:
538:
and develops ideas alluded to in those texts, it is not itself
535:
399:
357:
352:
212:
157:
112:
1812:
The
Greater Iranian Bundahishn: A Pahlavi Student's 2013 Guide
1499:
3. which, from their original creation, were divided into the
1314:"On the body of men as the measure of the world (microcosm)."
957:"The 9th battle the spiritual gods did with the Evil Spirit."
2433:
2407:
2310:
2295:
2211:
2206:
1957:
1932:
587:
232:
217:
122:
117:
1850:, with German translation, by Ferdinand Justi (1868) at the
1781:
1433:
Excerpt from
Chapter 2:- On the formation of the luminaries.
1056:
The dissatisfaction of the Arang, Marv, and
Helmand rivers.
2417:
2161:
2151:
1782:
Agostini, D.; Thrope, S.; Shaked, S.; Strousma, G. (2020).
1696:
West, Edward
William, trans. ed. (1897), Max Müller (ed.),
716:
645:-knowing", from the first two words of its first sentence.
642:
591:
551:
547:
77:
67:
1421:"On the years of the heroes in the time of 12,000 years."
968:"The 10th battle the stars unaffected by the Mixing did."
606:. The greater recension (the name of which is abbreviated
795:"On the running of the Adversary against the creatures."
594:
by T.D. Anklesaria around 1870, and is thus known as the
1749:
Agostini, Domenico; Thrope, Samuel (2020). "What is the
1827:
by Anklesaria, Behramgore Tehmuras (1956) at Avesta.org
1388:"On the resurrection of the dead and the Final Body."
1336:"On the Činwad bridge and the souls of the departed."
1647:
Anklesaria, Behramgore Tehmuras, trans., ed. (1956),
506:
614:) is about twice as long as the lesser (abbreviated
546:, and in yet other cases, such as the idea that the
1551:Domenico Agostini & Samuel Thrope (ed, trans),
1635:, vol. 4, Costa Mesa: Mazda, pp. 547–551
832:"On the horoscope of the world, how it happened."
1825:A translation of the Iranian or Greater Bundahišn
16:Collection of Zoroastrian cosmogony and cosmology
2586:
1784:The Bundahišn: The Zoroastrian Book of Creation
1553:The Bundahišn: The Zoroastrian Book of Creation
1303:"On the evil-doing of Ahreman and the demons."
1292:"On the great activity of the spiritual gods."
1859:, edited by Ervad Tahmuras Dinshaji Anklesaria
1748:
1399:"On the stock and the offspring of the Kays."
2112:
1895:
762:"On the material creation of the creatures."
665:Traditionally, chapter-verse pointers are in
476:
1640:
1574:poem sharing striking similarities with the
1519:, appointed on the four sides, are leaders.
1045:The seventeen kinds of "water" (of liquid).
909:"The fifth battle the Sole-created Ox did."
1680:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1622:
1620:
2180:
2119:
2105:
1909:
1902:
1888:
1646:
1325:"On the chieftainship of the continents."
1243:"On the nature of the noxious creatures."
1232:"On the nature of wind, cloud, and rain."
1078:"On the nature of the 5 kinds of animal."
483:
469:
40:
1729:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1626:
773:"On the fashioning forth of the lights."
586:in 1762. A longer version was brought to
1857:An edition of the Pahlavi text from 1908
1617:
1427:
1254:"On the nature of the species of wolf."
1122:"On the nature of births of all kinds."
821:"On the opposition of the two Spirits."
681:
578:. A copy of this version was brought to
1676:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
669:numerals for the lesser recension, and
2587:
1753:?: Genre and Zoroastrian Literature".
946:"The 8th battle the fixed stars did."
751:and the onslaught of the Evil Spirit.
2100:
1883:
1831:A modern transcription of the Indian
1800:
1695:
1689:
935:"The seventh battle the Fire did."
898:"The fourth battle the Plant did."
876:"The second battle the Water did."
405:Zoroastrianism in the United States
13:
2126:
1741:
1001:"On the nature of the mountains."
979:"On the form of those creations."
887:"The third battle the Earth did."
14:
2616:
1864:
2569:
2568:
2074:
1538:the chieftain of the south, and
618:). It contains 36 chapters. The
452:
1545:
1023:"On the nature of the rivers."
1627:MacKenzie, David Neil (1990),
1608:
1587:
1555:, Oxford University Press 2020
1530:is the chieftain of the east,
1508:, Kahtsar, Vaht, Miyan, Kaht.
1484:(the Centaur or Sagittarius),
1067:"On the nature of the lakes."
990:"On the nature of the lands."
1:
1581:
1460:(the Two-figures or Gemini),
1177:On the inequality of beings.
1133:Other kinds of reproduction.
1012:"On the nature of the seas."
1810:Kassock, Zeke J.V., (2013),
1542:the chieftain of the north.
1410:"The family of the Mobads."
557:
7:
1786:. Oxford University Press.
1559:
1534:the chieftain of the west,
1144:"On the nature of plants."
507:
435:Criticism of Zoroastrianism
415:Persecution of Zoroastrians
10:
2621:
1706:, vol. 5, Oxford: OUP
1261:
1258:
1199:"On the nature of sleep."
1100:"On the nature of women."
677:
2595:Middle Persian literature
2566:
2545:
2482:
2426:
2400:
2339:
2225:
2189:
2178:
2134:
2069:
2033:
1966:
1918:
1844:An edition of the Indian
1803:Middle Persian Literature
1767:10.1163/1573384X-20200404
1501:twenty-eight subdivisions
1444:2. First he produced the
1281:"On the religious year."
1188:"On the nature of fire."
731:), the primordial human.
727:), and Keyumars (Avestan
584:Abraham Anquetil-Duperron
2268:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
1704:Sacred Books of the East
1347:"On particular lands of
1089:"On the nature of men."
1034:"On particular rivers."
188:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
2454:Three Persian religions
1848:in the original Pahlavi
1835:in the original Pahlavi
747:The primal creation of
1526:7. As it is said that
687:
521:Zoroastrian literature
153:Zoroastrian literature
2605:Persian encyclopedias
2558:Fire temples in India
2226:Scripture and worship
2025:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1755:Iran and the Caucasus
1492:(the Water-pot), and
1428:Zoroastrian astronomy
685:
513:Zoroastrian cosmology
440:Zoroastrian cosmology
390:Zoroastrians in India
146:Scripture and worship
2553:Fire temples in Iran
2340:Accounts and legends
1801:Boyce, Mary (1968),
1633:Encyclopedia Iranica
550:is farther than the
395:Zoroastrians in Iran
261:Accounts and legends
2427:History and culture
2273:Udvada Atash Behram
2081:Religion portal
1351:, the abode of the
808:Sole-created Bovine
459:Religion portal
311:History and culture
2357:Book of Arda Viraf
2291:Cypress of Kashmar
2020:Dana-i Menog Khrat
2015:Frahang-i Oim-evak
2010:Frahang-i Pahlavig
1980:Book of Arda Viraf
1722:has generic name (
1669:has generic name (
920:"The sixth battle
688:
600:Iranian Bundahishn
596:Greater Bundahishn
278:Book of Arda Viraf
208:Cypress of Kashmar
2600:Zoroastrian texts
2582:
2581:
2094:
2093:
1425:
1424:
806:The death of the
576:Indian Bundahishn
572:Lesser Bundahishn
493:
492:
2612:
2572:
2571:
2537:in United States
2278:Adur Burzen-Mihr
2184:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2079:
2078:
2051:Dasatir-i-Asmani
2000:Letter of Tansar
1990:Dadestan-i Denig
1904:
1897:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1852:Internet Archive
1806:
1797:
1778:
1736:
1734:
1727:
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1662:
1654:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1624:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1591:
1572:medieval Russian
1480:(the Scorpion),
1446:celestial sphere
738:
737:
566:survives in two
510:
485:
478:
471:
457:
456:
193:Adur Burzen-Mihr
44:
21:
20:
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2367:Story of Sanjan
2335:
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2190:Divine entities
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1744:
1742:Further reading
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1728:
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1562:
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1517:four chieftains
1476:(the Balance),
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680:
624:classifications
560:
515:written in the
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288:Story of Sanjan
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101:Divine entities
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2372:Chinvat Bridge
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2362:Book of Jamasp
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2349:
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2316:Khordeh Avesta
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2197:Amesha Spentas
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2135:Primary topics
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2128:Zoroastrianism
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2109:
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2092:
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2088:
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2061:Qissa-i Sanjan
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1865:External links
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1820:978-1481013994
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1793:978-0190879044
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1761:(4): 378–393.
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742:
709:Amesha Spentas
679:
676:
671:Roman numerals
656:Middle Persian
559:
556:
525:Middle Persian
508:Bun-dahišn(īh)
503:Middle Persian
491:
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34:Zoroastrianism
30:
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15:
9:
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2500:in Azerbaijan
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2286:Adur Gushnasp
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843:The planets.
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569:
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544:Islam in Iran
541:
537:
534:draws on the
533:
530:Although the
528:
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522:
518:
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499:
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203:Adur Gushnasp
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
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179:
176:
174:
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169:
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48:
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35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2573:
2377:Frashokereti
2351:
2331:Atash Behram
2321:The Revayats
2282:Adur Farnbag
2263:Fire Temples
2253:Yenghe hatam
2248:Ahuna Vairya
2217:Angra Mainyu
2056:The Rivayats
2046:Jamasp Namag
1984:
1872:
1845:
1832:
1811:
1802:
1783:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1720:|first=
1698:
1691:
1667:|first=
1649:
1642:
1632:
1610:
1594:
1589:
1575:
1565:
1552:
1546:Translations
1525:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1496:(the Fish);
1468:(the Lion),
1464:(the Crab),
1456:(the Bull),
1452:(the Lamb),
1443:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1404:XXXV A.
1155:On flowers.
1111:On negroes.
733:
720:
712:
707:created the
700:Angra Mainyu
691:
689:
664:
660:
649:
647:
638:
632:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
575:
571:
563:
561:
531:
529:
517:Book Pahlavi
497:
496:
494:
298:Frashokereti
272:
243:The Rivayats
198:Adur Farnbag
183:Fire Temples
173:Yenghe hatam
168:Ahuna Vairya
133:Angra Mainyu
18:
2532:in Pakistan
2490:Persecution
2449:Khurramites
2162:Persia/Iran
2147:Zarathustra
2142:Ahura Mazda
1911:Zoroastrian
1629:"Bundahišn"
1221:On sounds.
729:Keyumaretan
725:Gavaevodata
696:Ahura Mazda
641:, meaning "
639:Zand-Āgāhīh
328:Khurramites
78:Persia/Iran
63:Zarathustra
58:Ahura Mazda
2589:Categories
2495:in Armenia
2387:Hamistagan
2243:Ashem Vohu
2157:Vohu Manah
1985:Bundahishn
1913:literature
1873:Bundahishn
1846:Bundahishn
1833:Bundahishn
1582:References
1576:Bundahishn
721:Bundahishn
692:Bundahishn
635:recensions
604:Bundahishn
568:recensions
564:Bundahishn
532:Bundahishn
527:language.
498:Bundahishn
348:Initiation
163:Ashem Vohu
73:Vohu Manah
2483:Adherents
2464:Festivals
2444:Mazdakism
2439:Zurvanism
2352:Bundahišn
2167:Faravahar
1775:230615227
1751:Bundahišn
1605:, p. 123.
1593:M. Hale,
1567:Dove Book
1540:Haptoring
1472:(Virgo),
1462:Kalachang
1458:Do-patkar
704:Fravashis
620:Bundahisn
558:Structure
540:scripture
383:Adherents
343:Festivals
323:Mazdakism
318:Zurvanism
273:Bundahišn
83:Faravahar
2575:Category
2505:in India
2469:Marriage
2459:Calendar
2382:Xrafstar
2306:Visperad
2301:Vendidad
2086:Category
1953:Chihrdad
1943:Vendidad
1938:Visperad
1712:citation
1659:citation
1653:, Bombay
1560:See also
1474:Tarazhuk
1349:Ērānšahr
1262:(18-19)
922:Keyumars
610:or just
602:or just
365:Marriage
338:Calendar
228:Visperad
223:Vendidad
128:Fravashi
26:a series
24:Part of
2527:in Iraq
2522:in Iran
2413:Kashmar
2347:Dēnkard
2326:Ab-Zohr
2202:Yazatas
2172:Avestan
2041:Sad-dar
2005:Denkard
1972:Pahlavi
1920:Avestan
1595:Pahlavi
1532:Sataves
1528:Tishtar
1470:Khushak
1396:(31-32)
1371:XXXIII.
1308:XXVIII.
1171:XVII A.
749:Ohrmazd
678:Content
651:Denkard
628:midrash
523:in the
268:Dēnkard
248:Ab-Zohr
113:Yazatas
88:Avestan
2515:Parsis
2474:Burial
2434:Parsis
2401:Cities
2392:Duzakh
2311:Yashts
2238:Gathas
2233:Avesta
2212:Daevas
2207:Ahuras
1948:Gathas
1818:
1790:
1773:
1601:
1536:Vanand
1482:Nimasp
1478:Gazdum
1415:XXXVI.
1382:XXXIV.
1360:XXXII.
1297:XXVII.
1259:XXIV.
1248:XXIII.
1204:XIX A.
1182:XVIII.
1149:XVI A.
1105:XIV B.
1094:XIV A.
924:did."
667:Arabic
580:Europe
536:Avesta
410:Iranis
400:Parsis
370:Burial
358:Sedreh
353:Kushti
233:Yashts
213:Gathas
158:Avesta
123:Daevas
118:Ahuras
2546:Lists
2510:Irani
2408:Balkh
2296:Yasna
2034:Other
1958:Yasht
1933:Yasna
1839:TITUS
1771:S2CID
1506:Bunda
1494:Mahik
1486:Vahik
1450:Varak
1393:XXXV.
1341:XXXI.
1319:XXIX.
1286:XXVI.
1237:XXII.
1160:XVII.
1127:XV A.
1072:XIII.
1050:XI C.
1039:XI B.
1028:XI A.
984:VIII.
962:VI J.
951:VI I.
940:VI H.
929:VI G.
914:VI F.
903:VI E.
892:VI D.
881:VI C.
859:VI A.
800:IV A.
590:from
588:India
574:, or
552:stars
218:Yasna
2418:Yazd
2152:Asha
1871:The
1816:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1731:link
1724:help
1682:link
1678:link
1671:help
1599:ISBN
1570:, a
1466:Sher
1454:Tora
1418:(34)
1407:(33)
1385:(30)
1353:Kays
1330:XXX.
1322:(29)
1300:(28)
1278:(25)
1275:XXV.
1226:XXI.
1193:XIX.
1185:(17)
1163:(24)
1152:(27)
1141:(27)
1138:XVI.
1130:(16)
1119:(16)
1108:(23)
1086:(15)
1083:XIV.
1075:(14)
1064:(22)
1061:XII.
1053:(21)
1042:(21)
1031:(20)
1020:(20)
1009:(13)
998:(12)
987:(11)
973:VII.
906:(10)
870:VI B
837:V B.
826:V A.
778:III.
756:I A.
717:Asha
698:and
690:The
643:Zand
592:Iran
562:The
548:Moon
495:The
68:Asha
1837:at
1763:doi
1490:Dul
1374:n/a
1363:n/a
1355:."
1344:n/a
1333:n/a
1311:n/a
1289:n/a
1251:n/a
1240:n/a
1229:n/a
1218:n/a
1215:XX.
1207:n/a
1196:n/a
1174:n/a
1116:XV.
1097:n/a
1017:XI.
995:IX.
976:n/a
965:n/a
954:n/a
943:n/a
932:n/a
917:n/a
895:(9)
884:(8)
873:(7)
862:(6)
851:n/a
848:VI.
840:n/a
829:n/a
818:(5)
803:(4)
792:(3)
789:IV.
781:n/a
770:(2)
767:II.
759:n/a
744:(1)
713:Ard
616:IBd
608:GBd
598:or
582:by
554:.
2591::
1814:,
1769:.
1759:24
1757:.
1716::
1714:}}
1710:{{
1702:,
1663::
1661:}}
1657:{{
1631:,
1619:^
1006:X.
815:V.
810:.
741:I.
630:.
612:Bd
505::
28:on
2120:e
2113:t
2106:v
1970:/
1903:e
1896:t
1889:v
1807:.
1796:.
1777:.
1765::
1735:.
1733:)
1726:)
1686:.
1684:)
1673:)
1637:.
715:(
501:(
484:e
477:t
470:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
