351:(instructor) level. Many of the names include either the character 龍 (ryū, dragon) or 虎 (ko, tiger), both derived from past names of Hatsumi and Takamatsu (e.g. Unryū 雲龍 = Cloud Dragon, Kiryū 輝龍 = Shining Dragon, Hiryū 飛龍 = Flying Dragon, Nanko = Southern Tiger). The combination of the two, 龍虎 (Ryūko) was awarded to Major Joe Vaughan. Most variants include animals (e.g. Shirokuma = Polar Bear, Taka Seigi = Hawk Justice, Isamu Koma 勇駒 = brave horse, Byakko 白狐 = White Fox, Ōzaru = Great Ape).
358:, a rather controversial figure who claimed also to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō (and "-sai name") "Jūshinsai" (柔心斎) and passed this to his daughter Chizuko, who became the "2nd generation Jūshinsai". Kimura Masaji, another claiming to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō "Masakatsu" (正勝). Students of
195:'s various names included 藤原 Fujiwara (lineage), 宮本 Miyamoto (village origin), 新免 Shinmen (name of father's lord), 辨助 Bennosuke (childhood name), 武蔵 Musashi (title; also possibly read "Takezō" as a personal name), 玄信 ("imina", read as Harunobu, Motonobu and/or Genshin), 二天 Niten (mainly in his
329:
His student
Yamamoto Tomekichi, founder of Mugen Shintō-ryū, was granted one character from Sōkaku's birth name 惣角, and one from his Bugō 源正義, combining them to make Kakuyoshi (角義). He also had a "-sai name", Ittō-sai (一刀斎) - coincidentally the same as that of Itō Kagehisa as seen above.
783:
149:) poets, artists and monks, as well as courtiers. In modern Japan, it is common practice to call people by their titles instead of their names (even within the family), and online, Japanese people tend to use
333:
Furuoka Masaru, founder of Musō-ryū Iaigiri-dō, used the Bugō "Nitō-sai" (二刀斎) - another "-sai name", this time preceded with "two swords" instead of the Ittō-sai "one sword" meaning.
613:
579:
308:("the pen and the sword in accord"), i.e. the link between martial arts and visual arts. Such 斎号 ("-sai names") are even now commonly used as posthumous Buddhist
670:
55:(gō, meaning "name"). In English, the term is sometimes translated as "martial name" or "warrior name" with similar equivalents in other languages.
898:
214:. In many cases the name would not be chosen by the practitioner/student, but chosen for them by the teacher - see many examples below.
1590:
466:
199:
paintings), 二天道楽 Niten Dōraku, etc. People still debate which of these names were really used, in what ways, and how they were read.
1577:
article by
Takeharu Bruce Nakadai (Bugō: Hekishū-sai 碧洲齋) from 不動庵 about the thought process behind giving martial names to students
277:
210:, it is common for students to include a character from the teacher's Bugō as a mark of respect and to ensure continuity of the
816:
723:
343:
has used different Bugō at different stages in his life (e.g. Byakuryū, Toratsugu, Tetsuzan, Hisamune), as did his teacher,
95:(also imina), meaning "name to be avoided due to death or other taboos": after death, people are given posthumous names (
1216:
1322:
245:
The Bugei Ryūha
Daijiten directory of historical martial arts schools lists Bugō for many within the various lineages.
1024:
908:
793:
759:
680:
623:
589:
476:
253:
957:
1246:
297:(-sai), meaning "study room", seen at the end of the three examples above is common to many martial artists of the
749:
1073:
347:(e.g. Kikaku, Chōsui, Mōko no Tora). Those training in this art are frequently awarded Bugō when they reach 5th
354:
Former students of
Hatsumi similarly use martial names, e.g. Fumio "Unsui" Manaka, Tsunehisa 'Shōtō' Tanemura.
319:
414:
302:
355:
180:). However, these are not normally referred to as Bugō unless used within a martial arts training setting (
387:
Hidemine Jibiki, president of the All Japan Soft-Style
Martial Arts Federation uses the Bugō "Buhō" (武峰).
648:"Japanese personal names as social markers of rank and individuality in premodern and contemporary times"
1151:
987:
704:
249:
1378:
1014:
305:
141:, the avoidance of real names, became fashionable and even de rigueur amongst the educated classes--
524:
233:
used by modern sports martial artists. In addition, warrior names are found amongst the indigenous
1455:
1272:
377:
211:
1125:
873:
499:
394:, used the Bugō "Shōun" (勝雲). Seven of the past eight in the lineage have used the character
44:
1531:
344:
218:
172:), through titles associated with official positions, allegiance, and finay with Buddhist
8:
556:
64:
1560:
846:
196:
283:
1574:
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1564:
1020:
904:
789:
755:
676:
647:
619:
585:
472:
226:
150:
33:
373:
website lists five instructors with Bugō, each granted to them by previous masters.
1404:
824:
359:
271:
192:
142:
107:
68:
1505:
323:
234:
1480:
340:
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366:
are awarded warrior names on promotion to 3rd Dan, e.g. Kevin "Keitoshi" Casey.
287:
185:
550:
312:
for artists or doctors. Whether a given individual intended them to be used as
1429:
1584:
1352:
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23:
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common to many countries throughout history, and to circumvent this taboo,
965:
309:
222:
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135:
115:
1202:
900:
Travels with Tooy: History, Memory, and the
African American Imagination
384:(-tane) is common to several generations of grandmaster in this school.
439:
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203:
165:
161:
76:
395:
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52:
48:
1099:
878:. Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 828–829, 1365–1366
313:
173:
80:
168:
changed throughout one's lifetime, depending on stage of life (e.g.
134:, and these thoughts found fertile ground in Japan. The practice of
1176:
445:
336:
131:
119:
40:
875:
Ethnology of the
Kwakiutl, based on data collected by George Hunt
419:
169:
111:
433:
427:
207:
724:"Online identity: is authenticity or anonymity more important?"
672:
127:
705:"Japanese Names, Titles, First Names, Family Names and Hankos"
402:
164:, Japanese people, including commoners, used multiple names.
72:
1567:
article from
Tenshin-ryū about the history of martial names
405:
Dōjō in Osaka, new Dan grades are awarded Bugō such as 不聆庵
260:
in their Bugō to indicate their founder's descent from the
181:
669:
Yamada, Haru; Kelm, Orlando R.; Victor, David A. (2017).
99:, okurina) to avoid "calling" them via their true name.
217:
Similar customs can be found outside Asia: for example
615:
Redesigning Asian
Business: In the Aftermath of Crisis
785:
Samurai: An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors
658:(3). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER GmbH: 251.
280:
founder Iizasa Ienao used the name "Chōi-sai" (長威斎).
79:
are often used. For example, in Japan, the word for
1430:"Kimura Masaji 木村正治 (student of Takamatsu Sensei)"
436:, pseudonyms used by Japanese actors or merchants
1582:
668:
552:The golden bough; a study in magic and religion
380:, uses the Bugō "Naritane" (成胤). The character
1456:"New Titles and Backlist Highlights Fall 2013"
468:Sogobujutsu: Psychology, Philosophy, Tradition
21:
555:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp.
1123:
903:. University of Chicago Press. p. 63.
675:. Georgetown University Press. p. 11.
618:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 16.
326:used the Bugō "Minamoto Masayoshi" (源正義).
1124:Santantonio, Giuseppe (13 January 2015).
1019:. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 9, 54.
871:
721:
1012:
992:Bushi Dojo Blog - Artes Marciales y más
781:
751:Portraits of Edo and Early Modern Japan
747:
645:
611:
577:
464:
1583:
548:
237:and forest dwellers of French Guiana.
47:. The word is composed of the symbols
1200:
896:
782:Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (2019).
581:Onomastics between Sacred and Profane
153:rather than personal names (see also
32:
1270:
1071:
702:
994:(in European Spanish). 22 June 2012
398:(meaning "to win") in their names.
290:used the name "Sekishū-sai" (石舟斎).
13:
1097:
872:Boas, Franz; Hunt, George (1921).
390:Nakajima Shōhitsu, grandmaster of
58:
14:
1602:
1591:Japanese martial arts terminology
1554:
722:Krotoski, Aleks (19 April 2012).
240:
71:, using someone's real name is a
1376:
278:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
274:used the name "Ittō-sai" (一刀斎).
1524:
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748:Groemer, Gerald (28 May 2019).
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696:
662:
639:
612:Richter, Frank-Jürgen (2002).
605:
571:
542:
517:
492:
458:
256:always included the character
1:
964:(in Japanese). Archived from
823:(in Japanese). Archived from
703:Hays, Jeffrey (August 2012).
584:. Vernon Press. p. 100.
549:Frazer, James George (1922).
530:. Bujinkan Torino Rakuyū Dōjō
451:
376:Shiina Kazue, grandmaster of
316:or Bugō is not always clear.
303:Japanese four-character idiom
301:, principally because of the
1510:www.shinkageryu-budoujyo.com
1353:"Grandmaster Shoto Tanemura"
1078:www.bujinkanpedrofleitas.com
988:"Los "Bugo" de Hatsumi Sôke"
51:(bu, meaning "martial") and
7:
1271:Hvid, René (5 March 2011).
1177:"About Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo"
652:Beiträge zur Namenforschung
408:
10:
1607:
1461:. Tuttle. 2013. p. 68
1217:"Phil Legare — Taka Seigi"
1130:Bujinkantarantodojo's Blog
1100:"SOBRE EL NOMBRE DEL DOJO"
754:. Springer. p. xiii.
465:Falcaro, David C. (2012).
1072:González, Pedro Fleitas.
1013:Hatsumi, Masaaki (1988).
788:. ABC-CLIO. p. 197.
646:Collazo, Anja M. (2017).
254:Shin-no-shin Ishikawa-ryū
87:, imina) is derived from
22:
578:Felecan, Oliviu (2019).
1532:"稽古日月抄-:[不聆庵」という武号"
897:Price, Richard (2010).
219:Richard "the Lionheart"
1538:(in Japanese). 真剣道・基道館
1156:Bujinkan Tasmania Dojo
1052:Genbukan Chiryaku Dojo
847:"主君から「字」をもらう風習|名前の話04"
320:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1357:Genbukan Umineko Dōjō
1323:"Jinenkan Honbu Dojo"
1273:"The Budo of My Life"
1074:"Bujinkan Unryū Dōjō"
110:combined concepts of
45:Japanese martial arts
1251:bujin.altervista.org
1247:"Shihan Luca Lanaro"
1227:on 30 September 2018
442:(a.k.a. screen name)
345:Toshitsugu Takamatsu
1201:Cousergue, Arnaud.
1181:Bujinkan Ryuko Dojo
1016:Essence of Ninjutsu
709:factsanddetails.com
504:Martial Arts Planet
206:personal names and
139:mjitsumei keihizoku
65:James George Frazer
1298:"Ben Jones: Ōzaru"
1126:"ISHIZUKA TETSUJI"
176:after death (q.v.
118:and self-effacing
1575:Japanese language
1565:Japanese language
962:www.daitouryu.net
378:Hokushin Ittō-ryū
227:Carlos the Jackal
1598:
1548:
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1409:www.genbukan.com
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1390:
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1368:
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1349:
1343:
1342:
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1338:
1329:. Archived from
1327:www.jinenkan.com
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1313:
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1285:
1283:
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1223:. Archived from
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827:on 23 March 2019
821:www.geocities.jp
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360:Stephen K. Hayes
193:Miyamoto Musashi
108:Neo-Confucianism
69:The Golden Bough
67:demonstrated in
38:
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27:
26:
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1506:"神影流武道場 - 道場紹介"
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1436:. 26 March 2017
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1398:
1388:
1386:
1383:www.jujutsu.com
1377:Satō, Chizuko.
1375:
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1351:
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1336:
1334:
1333:on 11 July 2018
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1152:"Instructor 師範"
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471:. p. 348.
463:
459:
454:
411:
401:In the Kidōkan
341:Masaaki Hatsumi
284:Yagyū Munetoshi
243:
61:
59:Cultural origin
34:[bɯgoː]
29:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1604:
1594:
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1579:
1578:
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1556:
1555:External links
1553:
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1098:Esteve, Alex.
1090:
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1048:"Grandmasters"
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979:
968:on 15 May 2016
958:"合気揚げの秘密と時代背景"
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1379:"jujutsu.com"
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306:"bunbu-ryōdō"
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235:Kwakwakaʼwakw
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191:For example,
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170:coming of age
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166:Samurai names
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35:
25:
18:
1540:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
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371:Tenshin ryū
356:Satō Kinbei
322:'s founder
270:'s founder
223:Don Quixote
160:During the
116:self-denial
102:In China's
1561:「号」の文化について
1481:"中国柔挙演武大会"
1389:10 October
1104:cife.group
882:20 January
851:59'S 日々是口実
452:References
440:Stage name
424:ring names
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299:Edo period
231:ring names
204:patronymic
162:Edo period
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430:wrestlers
314:pen names
229:, or the
174:necronyms
112:reclusion
81:true name
41:nicknames
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426:used by
409:See also
337:Bujinkan
268:Ittō-ryū
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143:literati
132:Buddhism
120:humility
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1490:25 July
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831:26 July
509:25 July
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420:Shikona
286:of the
212:lineage
197:suiboku
151:handles
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1465:7 June
1440:7 June
1414:7 June
1405:"恩師紹介"
1282:7 June
1256:7 June
1136:7 June
1109:7 June
1032:7 June
1023:
936:「いい仏壇」
916:7 June
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817:"小倉碑文"
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147:ja:文人
136:実名敬避俗
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1536:夢の浮雲
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1111:2019
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1000:2018
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932:"戒名"
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884:2020
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