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Symptoms may vary depending on certain factors such as the size and age of the victim. Other than the first, more benign symptoms (such as a tingling or burning sensation in the eyes, mucous membranes, or in exposed wounds), the most frequently described symptoms in the medical literature are :
497:
Poisoning from toad toxin is rare but can kill. It can occur when someone drinks toad soup, eats toad meat or toad eggs, or swallows live toads on a bet. It can also happen when someone deliberately takes commercial substances made with toad toxins. These go under names including "Kyushin", "Chan
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
622:
One epileptic episode caused by
Bufotoxins was observed in a 5-year old child, minutes after they had placed a Bufo alvarius in their mouth. The child was successfully treated with diazepam and phenobarbital.
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In extreme cases following ingestion of mucus or skin of the toad, death generally occurs within 6 and 24 hours. Victims surviving past 24 hours generally will recover.
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185:
Chemical structure of one of the main components of bufotoxin, a conjugate of bufagin with suberylarginine. This component is itself sometimes called bufotoxin.
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214:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
482:
707:
Kißmer, B.; Wichtl, M. (1986). "Bufadienolide aus Samen von
Helleborus odorus" [Bufadienolides from the Seeds of Helleborus odorus].
173:
family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
260:
1044:
2003:
909:
643:
Siperstein MD, Murray AW, Titus E (March 1957). "Biosynthesis of cardiotonic sterols from cholesterol in the toad, Bufo marinus".
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Su" (marketed as a painkiller, topical anesthetic or cardiac treatment), "Rockhard" and "Love Stone" (marketed as aphrodisiacs).
281:
purposes by some individuals. However, the practice of using these substances derived from animals for spiritual experiences or
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Despite being a frequent target for milking, these toads still carry cardio toxic bufotoxins which have been linked to deaths.
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of caught, washed toads for a white venom and drying; the final dried poison is usually brown, with a chunk or flake form.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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854:"Life-threatening episode after ingestion of toad eggs: a case report with literature review"
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Toxic and
Hallucinogenic Mushroom Poisoning: A Handbook for Physicians and Mushroom Hunters
501:"Chan Su" (literally "toad venom") is often adulterated with standard painkillers, such as
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The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:
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note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species
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Chen KK, Kovaríková A (December 1967). "Pharmacology and toxicology of toad venom".
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Trakulsrichai, S; Chumvanichaya, K; Sriapha, C; Tongpoo, A; Wananukul, W (2020).
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Hitt M, Ettinger DD. Toad toxicity. N Engl J Med ; 1986 ; 314:1517
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824:] (in Chinese). Vol. 1 (10 ed.). 中国医药科技出版社. p. 333.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The effects of the bufotoxins in these toads are not well understood.
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936:"Sudden death associated with intravenous injection of toad extract"
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concerns about the potential suffering inflicted on the animal.
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451:(ChP) considers the two species valid sources of toad poison (
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combined by weight. The extract is obtained by squeezing the
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Kuo, HY; Hsu, CW; Chen, JH; Wu, YL; Shen, YS (March 2007).
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to this template: there are already 1,482 articles in the
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983:"Toad Poisoning: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes"
447:, is often found in certain Chinese folk remedies. The
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Extract from the skin of certain Asian toads, such as
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642:
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679:
910:"These Men Died Trying to Achieve Epic Erections"
793:5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines
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934:Kostakis, Chris; Byard, Roger W. (2009-07-01).
822:Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
449:Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
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111:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
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161:of which some are toxic. They occur in the
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2004:Androctonus australis hector insect toxin
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987:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
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678:Lincoff, Gary; Mitchel, Duane H. (1977).
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645:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
229:. Some authors have also used the term
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1045:Anaxyrus boreas boreas - Boreal Toad
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29:
686:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
304:Toads known to secrete bufotoxins.
24:
1358:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)
908:Cartwright, Megan (29 June 2015).
744:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
513:. It may be ingested or injected.
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25:
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795:. Berlin: Springer Berlin. 2013.
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34:
1442:Extracellular adenylate cyclase
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952:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.02.006
233:to describe the conjugate of a
940:Forensic Science International
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121:You may also add the template
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1:
1594:Fibronectin binding protein A
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657:10.1016/0003-9861(57)90254-0
123:{{Translated|fr|Bufotoxine}}
7:
1335:Staphylococcus aureus alpha
1313:Panton–Valentine leukocidin
269:-related substances (e.g.,
165:, skin, and poison of many
93:will aid in categorization.
27:Class of chemical compounds
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1353:Toxic shock syndrome toxin
858:Emergency Medicine Journal
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68:Machine translation, like
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2250:(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A
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583:(starting at extremities)
357:Melanophryniscus moreirae
308:Toads frequently "milked"
300:List of poisonous animals
49:the corresponding article
1643:beta-Nitropropionic acid
517:Symptoms of Intoxication
273:), are sought after for
1427:Heat-labile enterotoxin
1418:heat-stable enterotoxin
870:10.1136/emj.2006.044602
189:Bufotoxins can contain
132:For more guidance, see
1536:Bacillus thuringiensis
756:10.1002/jps.2600561202
474:
186:
150:are a family of toxic
1047:, californiaherps.com
721:10.1055/s-2007-969103
607:loss of consciousness
441:Bufo bufo gargarizans
350:Nannophryne variegata
184:
134:Knowledge:Translation
105:copyright attribution
1437:Pseudomonas exotoxin
1000:10.2147/TCRM.S272863
283:responsible drug use
551:bundle branch block
545:atrial fibrillation
402:Anaxyrus americanus
2353:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
1523:Lipopolysaccharide
1481:Pore-forming toxin
838:蟾酥 bufonis venenum
612:respiratory arrest
602:anaphylactic shock
537:cardiac arrhythmia
445:Bufo melanostictus
416:Bufo melanostictus
253:cardiac glycosides
187:
113:interlanguage link
2436:Alpha-Amino acids
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2358:Beta-Bungarotoxin
2302:Pumiliotoxin 251D
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693:978-0-442-24580-1
378:Incilius alvarius
343:Rhinella diptycha
336:Rhinella arenarum
324:Incilius alvarius
215:dehydrobufotenine
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16:(Redirected from
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2297:Histrionicotoxin
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1721:Sterigmatocystin
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1637:epsilon-amanitin
1556:B. thuringiensis
1385:Diphtheria toxin
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2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Charybdotoxin
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Solauricidine
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Protoanemonin
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Oenanthotoxin
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Trichothecene
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Ibotenic acid
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:beta-amanitin
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:Cholera toxin
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Anthrax toxin
1270:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Tetanospasmin
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
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1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
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1070:
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1063:
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1059:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:: 1235–1241.
992:
988:
984:
977:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
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867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
846:
839:
833:
831:9787506773379
827:
823:
819:
812:
804:
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786:
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761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
738:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:(in German).
710:
709:Planta Medica
703:
695:
689:
684:
683:
674:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:(1): 154–60.
650:
646:
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624:
618:
615:
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603:
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595:
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579:
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572:
571:hallucination
569:
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562:
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552:
549:
546:
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538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
490:
488:
484:
483:resibufogenin
480:
476:
472:
468:
462:
454:
450:
446:
442:
429:
425:
424:
420:
418:
417:
413:
411:
410:
406:
404:
403:
399:
398:
397:
384:
383:Bufo alvarius
380:
379:
375:
374:
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370:
366:
365:
361:
359:
358:
354:
352:
351:
347:
345:
344:
340:
338:
337:
333:
330:
329:Bufo alvarius
326:
325:
321:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
305:
301:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
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250:
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160:
156:
153:
149:
135:
131:
128:
120:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
88:
87:main category
84:
83:
78:
75:
71:
67:
65:
64:
58:
52:
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
2396:
2375:Calcicludine
2365:Calciseptine
2348:Bungarotoxin
2317:Tarichatoxin
2265:Arenobufagin
2259:
2229:Tetrodotoxin
2188:Tetrodotoxin
2142:Vanillotoxin
2079:Phaiodotoxin
1982:Invertebrate
1905:Solasodamine
1840:Lotaustralin
1675:Fumonisin B4
1671:Fumonisin B2
1667:Fumonisin B1
1653:Cytochalasin
1555:
1535:
1487:
1473:
1467:Superantigen
1459:
1415:
1303:Streptolysin
1244:
1225:
1206:
1187:
1053:, erowid.com
1027:
990:
986:
976:
946:(1): e1–e5.
943:
939:
929:
917:. Retrieved
913:
864:(3): 215–6.
861:
857:
821:
817:
811:
792:
747:
743:
737:
715:(2): 152–3.
712:
708:
702:
681:
673:
648:
644:
638:
625:
621:
520:
507:promethazine
500:
496:
464:
444:
440:
438:
428:Bufo marinus
427:
421:
414:
407:
400:
395:
382:
376:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
328:
322:
319:(bufotenin)
311:
303:
279:recreational
251:, which are
243:
230:
211:bufothionine
188:
147:
146:
109:edit summary
100:
80:
54:
46:
2338:Snake venom
2292:Epibatidine
2280:Cinobufagin
2137:Stromatoxin
2084:Imperatoxin
2034:Scyllatoxin
1940:Tagetitoxin
1935:Swainsonine
1925:Solauricine
1890:Solamargine
1885:Scopolamine
1875:Retronecine
1741:Zearalenone
1409:Shiga toxin
1380:Cord factor
1219:Enterotoxin
1214:Alpha toxin
1208:perfringens
1200:Tetanolysin
1178:Clostridium
1115:hepatotoxin
1105:enterotoxin
1095:cardiotoxin
1051:Toad Toxins
556:hypotension
541:ventricular
539:(including
532:bradycardia
503:paracetamol
479:cinobufagin
392:Other toads
275:entheogenic
219:epinephrine
177:Composition
159:tryptamines
2430:Categories
2370:Taicatoxin
2307:Samandarin
2260:Bufotoxins
2224:Ciguatoxin
2202:Vertebrate
2147:Huwentoxin
2127:Cupiennins
2110:Latrotoxin
2054:Kaliotoxin
2024:Margatoxin
2014:Maurotoxin
1955:Toxalbumin
1945:Tinyatoxin
1930:Strychnine
1915:Solasonine
1910:Solasodine
1895:Solanidine
1815:Falcarinol
1800:Delphinine
1716:Phalloidin
1706:Ochratoxin
1701:Orellanine
1691:Lolitrem B
1658:Ergotamine
1608:Mycotoxins
1452:Mechanisms
1411:/Verotoxin
1348:Exfoliatin
1308:Leukocidin
1125:phototoxin
1120:neurotoxin
630:References
511:diclofenac
435:Extraction
426:(formerly
381:(formerly
327:(formerly
298:See also:
285:may raise
267:tryptamine
148:Bufotoxins
18:Bufotoxins
2275:Bufotenin
2270:Bufotalin
2240:Amphibian
2183:Saxitoxin
2173:Eledoisin
2168:Conotoxin
2039:Hefutoxin
1855:Oleandrin
1835:Linamarin
1825:Helenalin
1785:Cicutoxin
1780:Chaconine
1760:Amygdalin
1731:Vomitoxin
1681:Gliotoxin
1663:Fumonisin
1616:Aflatoxin
1579:Virulence
1515:Endotoxin
1246:botulinum
1227:difficile
1137:Bacterial
1110:hemotoxin
1100:cytotoxin
960:0379-0738
836:entries:
818:中华人民共和国药典
581:paralysis
566:tachypnea
409:Bufo bufo
372:5-MeO-DMT
271:bufotenin
261:bufogenin
257:bufotalin
231:bufotoxin
227:serotonin
207:bufotenin
203:bufotalin
191:5-MeO-DMT
171:Bufonidae
127:talk page
79:Consider
51:in French
2415:Category
2178:Onchidal
2158:Mollusca
2069:Bestoxin
2064:Birtoxin
2029:Slotoxin
2019:Agitoxin
1994:Scorpion
1950:Tomatine
1900:Solanine
1845:Mimosine
1820:Gossypol
1805:Divicine
1770:Antiarin
1765:Anisatin
1696:Muscimol
1648:Citrinin
1621:Amatoxin
1567:Cry34Ab1
1495:AB toxin
1489:type III
1401:negative
1159:positive
1148:Exotoxin
1019:33363378
968:19303230
919:22 April
888:17351232
729:84240708
665:13412129
597:vomiting
592:diarrhea
527:paleness
317:5-HO-DMT
195:bufagins
155:lactones
103:provide
2333:Reptile
1795:Daphnin
1790:Coniine
1775:Brucine
1736:Zeranol
1711:Patulin
1558:toxins
1548:Cry3Bb1
1528:Lipid A
1475:type II
1416:E. coli
1168:Bacilli
1010:7752649
879:2660035
764:4871915
561:dyspnea
453:Chinese
294:Species
287:ethical
277:and/or
255:(e.g.,
235:bufagin
199:bufalin
152:steroid
125:to the
107:in the
53:.
2205:toxins
2100:Spider
2074:BmKAEP
2044:HgeTx1
1985:toxins
1860:Persin
1753:toxins
1581:factor
1562:Cry6Aa
1554:Other
1543:Cry1Ac
1461:type I
1264:Other:
1189:tetani
1139:toxins
1090:Toxins
1017:
1007:
966:
958:
886:
876:
828:
799:
762:
727:
690:
663:
466:Chánsū
463::
461:pinyin
455::
225:, and
2132:PhTx3
2049:HsTx1
1972:Tutin
1965:Ricin
1960:Abrin
1830:Ledol
1751:Plant
1343:delta
1291:Cocci
1252:Botox
820:[
725:S2CID
471:Latin
237:with
167:toads
70:DeepL
2214:Fish
2122:CSTX
1399:Gram
1339:beta
1157:Gram
1015:PMID
964:PMID
956:ISSN
921:2021
884:PMID
826:ISBN
797:ISBN
760:PMID
688:ISBN
661:PMID
543:and
509:and
481:and
443:and
101:must
99:You
2089:Pi3
2059:Lq2
1499:AB5
1005:PMC
995:doi
948:doi
944:188
874:PMC
866:doi
752:doi
717:doi
653:doi
72:or
2432::
1669:,
1635:,
1631:,
1627:,
1013:.
1003:.
991:16
989:.
985:.
962:.
954:.
942:.
938:.
912:.
896:^
882:.
872:.
862:24
860:.
856:.
844:^
772:^
758:.
748:56
746:.
723:.
713:52
659:.
649:67
647:.
505:,
473::
469:;
459:;
457:蟾酥
259:,
241:.
221:,
217:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
197:,
193:,
2340::
2335:/
2242::
2216::
2160::
2102::
1996::
1677:)
1665:(
1639:)
1623:(
1497:/
1425:/
1341:/
1337:/
1238:B
1233:A
1180::
1080:e
1073:t
1066:v
1021:.
997::
970:.
950::
923:.
890:.
868::
834:.
805:.
766:.
754::
731:.
719::
696:.
667:.
655::
547:)
430:)
385:)
331:)
169:(
136:.
129:.
20:)
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