Buddhist tantric literature

46: 1438: 1031: 1640:, and thus pre-date the development of Buddhist tantra. Dhāraṇī practices and texts were part of mainstream Mahayana Buddhism well before the rise of Vajrayana, and as such, are not "tantric" works nor specifically connected to esoteric or Mantrayāna Buddhism. However, some tantras and tantric works do make use of dhāraṇīs in a broader tantric context and later canonical collections included numerous dhāraṇīs into the tantra classification. Indeed, some scholars like Koichi Shinohara argue that the Buddhist tantric literature grew out of the earlier Mahayana dhāraṇī texts through a process of gradual expansion and the incorporation of new ritual elements (such as mandalas and visualization practices). 776: 3053: 2311: 1460:(c. 700). He outlined just two types of tantras: outward oriented Kriya tantras (which contain much ritual directed as external objects like a Buddha statue) and the Yoga tantras which focus on inward contemplative practices in which the yogi visualizes themselves as the deity. The commentator Vilāsavajra meanwhile, sometimes added a third category: Carya, which was intermediate between Kriya and Yoga. In another text meanwhile, Vilāsavajra discusses a different third category: Upaya, which referred to more transgressive tantras that made use of sexual yoga. 2295: 132: 2040: 7376: 7387: 1661: 4785: 4772: 4762: 1669: 2452: 1737:

says "the world is bound by passion, also by passion it is released". Some tantras, especially those of the Yoginītantra genre, have many erotic and sexual elements. The Guhyasamāja tantra, Hevajra, Caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa, Saṃvarodaya, and Sampuṭikātantrarāja, all open as follows: “Thus I have heard: at one

2712:, also known as Buddhajñāna, Buddhaśrījñāna, *Buddhajñānapāda, *Śrījñānapāda (fl. c. 770–820 CE). He was a very influential tantric author and a commentator to the Guhyasamājatantra. A key work of his is the Mukhāgama, a collection of his teachings and the Ātmasādhanāvatāra, a major tantric treatise. 1765:

describes the ultimate nature of mind thus: "Devoid of all existents, free of the aggregates, the sense objects and media, and subject and object, one’s mind, being identical to the selflessness of dharmas, is originally unarisen and has emptiness as its nature." This ultimate nature can be accessed

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A fourfold schema can be found in the work of the Indian scholar Śraddhākaravarman, who writes of "four doors" to the Vajratana: Kriyatantra, Caryatantra, Yoga- tantra, and Mahayogatantra. He also mentions a further sub-class of Mahayoga, Niruttarayoga, which refers to Mahayoga tantras with mandalas

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Furthermore, as Gray writes, "there is another major genre of tantric Buddhist origin myths, which we might term “conversion myths” since they feature the founding figure, an awakened buddha, converting Śaiva Hindu deities to Buddhism". These myths were useful in explaining the many Hindu elements

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The fourth category of tantric scriptures is considered to be the highest and most powerful class of tantra in Tibetan Buddhism. This view is not shared by other Buddhist Mantrayāna traditions like Shingon. This class of texts is called by different names, including Anuttarayogatantra, Mahāyoga,

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The most important texts of the Vajrayana Buddhist traditions are the "tantras". The term tantra has many meanings, but one of the most common meaning is simply a specific type of divinely revealed text or scripture. In the Buddhist context, tantras were considered to be the words of a Buddha or

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Tantric scriptures were also considered to be secret by tantric Buddhist communities, and would only be revealed to disciples which had gone through the necessary initiations. Buddhist tantras promise both the ability to attain worldly magical powers (laukikasiddhi) and the surepeme achievement

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Unlike Mahayana sutras, tantras are quite technical, outlining the details of rituals, such as how to construct a mandala. They also contain unique tantric terminology and "coded language" (sandhyā-bhāṣa), which is metaphorical and secretive. They often omit important details and misdirect the

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Many early Buddhist Tantric texts, later termed “action Tantras” (kriyā tantra), are mostly collections of magical mantras or phrases for mostly worldly ends called mantrakalpas (mantra manuals) and they do not call themselves Tantras. Later Tantric texts from the eighth century onward (termed

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also began to compose Vajrayana scriptures, commentaries and other works. Eventually, a vast literature of original Tibetan Vajrayana compositions developed. There are many types of indigenous Tibetan tantric literature. Each school of Tibetan Buddhism maintains their own collections of texts

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The six explanatory tantras (vyākhyātantra) of the Guhyasamāja tradition: The Sandhyāvyākaraṇa (Explanation of the Intention); the Caturdevīparipṛcchā (The Four Goddessesʼ Inquiry); the Vajramālā (Vajra Rosary); the Jñānavajrasamuccaya (Gnosis Vajra Compendium) and its longer version; and the

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Other tantras in the Cakrasaṃvara cycle: Herukābhyudaya (Realization of Heruka); Abhidhānottara (The Continuation of the Abhidhāna or Discourse); Caturyoginīsampuṭa (The Union of the Four Yoginīs); Yoginīsaṃcāra (Yoginīsʼ Rotation); Vajraḍāka (Vajraḍāka); and Vārāhyabhyudaya (Realization of

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composed by the lineage masters of their tradition and considered to be canonical by their sect. These include commentarial works, original treatises, meditation manuals, sadhanas, ritual texts, poems and hymns, as well as new revelations (such as treasure texts and "pure vision" texts).

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recitation texts. Furthermore, earlier Buddhist traditions had maintained a collection of scriptures focused on magical practices, called the Vidyādhara Piṭaka (Wizardry Collection) which included various types of rituals and spells (vidyā). In the account of a Buddhist spell master by

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There are various other types of tantric Buddhist texts composed in India. One class of tantric text that are not always considered tantras but have tantric elements in them are several late Prajñāpāramitā sutras which have numerous tantric or Mantrayāna elements. These include: the

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While traditional schemas classify tantric texts based on whether it is focused on "kriya" (ritual action) or "yoga" (contemplative practice), this does not mean that ritual topics are absent in the yoga tantras, which themselves contain extensive sections on

1723:), a revaluation of the role of women, yoginīs (female yogis), and female deities. The tantras also contain a revaluation of supposedly negative mental states (like desire and anger) and antinominan behavior (like drinking alcohol, eating meat, living in 1805:

The following is a list of some major Buddhist Tantras from the classic period of Indian Buddhist tantrism as well as other tantric scriptures like sutras and dharanis. The list is organized according to the traditional classification used in the

1373:. Tantric texts were brought to Tibet in two historical periods, the eighth century and the 11th century (which are called the "early translations" and "second dissemination" texts). Buddhist tantra remains the main Buddhist tradition in 2048:

Niruttarayoga, and Yoginī Tantras. They are also often further divided into different sub-categories, like "father", "mother" and "non-dual" tantras. Japanese scholars like Tsukamoto further classify these into different families, like

1437: 4282:, Editor-in-Chief: Volume Editors: Jonathan A. Silk, Richard Bowring, Vincent Eltschinger, Oskar von Hinüber. Consulted online on 26 March 2024 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2467-9666_enbo_COM_2037> First print edition: 20190619 1738:

time the Bhagavān resided in the vulvas of the women who are the vajras of the body, speech and mind of all the Tathāgatas” (evaṃ mayā śrutam ekasmin samaye bhagavān sarvva-tathāgata-kāya-vāk-citta-vajra-yonī-bhāgeṣu vijahāra).

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There are between 1500 and 2000 surviving Indian Buddhist Tantric texts in Sanskrit, and over 2000 more Tantras solely survive in translation (mostly Tibetan or Chinese). In the Tibetan canons, there are 450 Tantras in the

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In Tibetan traditions, the most important tantras are those of the "highest yoga tantra", "Mahayoga" or Atiyoga" classification. There are also various other classes of tantric works, such as hagiographies of great masters

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Tantras of the last historical phase of the Cakrasaṃvara cycle: The Saṃvarodaya (Emergence of the Supreme Bliss); the Ḍākārṇava (Ocean of Ḍākas); the Vārāhīkalpa (Ritual Practice of Vārāhī); and the Yoginījāla (Net of

2325: 2148:(Supreme Bliss of the Wheels Tantra, c. 8th to 9th century), also called Herukābhidhāna (Discourse of Heruka) or Laghusaṃvara (Small Saṃvara). This tantra has been shown to contain much content borrowed from 72:

and Kalpas, which were composed from the 7th century CE onwards. They are followed by later tantric commentaries (called pañjikās and ṭīkās), original compositions by Vajrayana authors (called prakaraṇas and

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Buddhist sources told various myths about the origin of the tantras. One origin myth states that the tantras were initially taught by the Buddha but were hidden away. Then they were rediscovered by

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empty luminosity (prabhāsvara) which is pure, blissful, and free of all concepts. The true nature is the same in Buddhas and sentient beings, and is thus the ultimate "continuum" (tantra). The

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Other texts of the Hevajra cycle: The Mahāmudrātilaka (Great Seal Ornament); the Jñānagarbha (Womb of Gnosis); the Jñānatilaka (Ornament of Gnosis); and the Tattvapradīpa (Light of Truth).

1298:. Scholars like Phyllis Granoff have termed this extensive borrowing of non-buddhist forms "ritual eclecticism". Buddhist Tantric works continued to be produced in India until the 1500s. 4049: 1979:. However, unlike the Anuttara- or Mahāyoga tantras, these scriptures do not contain much wrathful, antinomian or sexual elements, and instead focus on themes of ritual purity, 1773:

When it comes to practical content, tantras contain numerous explanations of yogic practice and ritual actions. Common topics related to spiritual practice include: how to make

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Statue of Saṃvara in union with his consort Vajravarahi (c. 12th century, Bengal). The theme of fierce deities in sexual union is commonly found in the anuttarayoga tantras.

2368:, which is included in the Chinese Tripitaka's Esoteric Sutra category. The Śūraṅgama text contains indic materials, but may have been compiled or heavily edited in China. 1456:

There are various ways to categorize and schematize the various tantric primary sources. The earliest Indian classification scheme is found in the work of the commentator

2993:'s numerous works and commentaries on tantric practice are foundational texts for the Shingon tradition. One of the most important works of Kūkai is his magnum opus, the 2171:(c. 9th century), an influential tantra which introduced key tantric teachings like the innate (sahaja), the fourfold joy (caturānanda), the subtle body system with four 1429:

and the ḍākinīs who were killing and eating humans in order to obtain the essence in their hearts. After being subdued, these figures were said to have become Buddhist.

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Sarvabuddhasamāyoga-dākinījālasaṃvara Tantra (Ḍākinīs’ Network That Unites All Buddhas, early 8th century), one of the first Yoginī Tantras, introduces the practice of

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which were found in some Buddhist tantric texts. In one such myth told by Śubhakarasiṃha (善无畏, 637–735) and Yixing (一行, 683– 727), Vairocana Buddha turns himself into

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Wu-xing also reports that at the time he visited India (7th century), the Mantrayāna (“teaching about mantra”, Chinese: zhenyan jiaofa, 真言教法) was already very popular.

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Doney, Lewis (2015). "Padmasambhava in Tibetan Buddhism". In Silk, Jonathan A.; et al. (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 1197–1212.

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The scriptures in this category are considered to emphasize ritual action (kriyā), preparation of ritual spaces, textual recitation / chanting (of mantras, dhāraṇīs,

744: 4293:"Aryadeva's Lamp that Integrates the Practices (Caryamelapakapradipa): The Gradual Path of Vajrayana Buddhism according to the Esoteric Community Noble Tradition" 2597: 1338:

and other forbidden substances as well as sexual rituals. Some of these later Buddhist Tantras (especially the Yoginītantras) are clearly influenced by Śaiva

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Gray, David B; Compassionate Violence?: On the Ethical Implications of Tantric Buddhist Ritual; Journal of Buddhist Ethics, ISSN 1076-9005, Volume 14, 2007

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Over time the number of texts increased with numerous Tantric scholars writing commentaries and practice manuals. Buddhist Tantric traditions draw on the

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Acalamahākrodharājasya sarvatathāgatasya balāparimitavīravinayasvākhyāto nāma kalpaḥ (The Practice Described as the Taming of the Great Wrathful King

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This is an index to the Taisho Tripitaka - nb Volume 19 is listed as 密教部 or Esoteric Sutra Section is where Taisho 945 (Surangama Sutra) is located.

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Yet another class of texts are ritual manuals and collections of rites or sādhanas (practices). One example of these kinds of collections is the

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school meanwhile also maintains its own collection of Mantrayāna texts, commentaries and practice manuals, composed by traditional figures like

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school on the other hand maintains several collections of tantric texts which are unique to their school. These include the Collected works of

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meanwhile, also has four: Kriya, Carya, Yoga, Niruttarayoga. Thus, the Tibetan schema is based on these later Indic classifications schemes.

68:(or Mantrayāna) Buddhist traditions. The earliest of these works are a genre of Indian Buddhist tantric scriptures, variously named Tantras, 101:. Most Indian sources were composed in Sanskrit, but numerous tantric works were also composed in other languages like Tibetan and Chinese. 4886: 2491:

which were outside of the traditional monastic institutions. Another important site for the development of Buddhist tantric literature was

1841:(Root Manual of the Rites of Mañjuśrī), an early mantra-kalpa (compendium of mantras, compiled in stages beginning in the seventh century) 1870:

The Bhūtaḍāmara Tantra (c. 7th century), an esoteric manual on magic and exorcism focused on Vajrapāṇi as Bhūtaḍāmara (“Tamer of Spirits”)

1720: 4316: 3266: 1487:). The Sarma classification systems was constructed by Indo-Tibetan scholastics and date to the mid-12th century based on Indian works. 4994: 3415:

Sanderson, Alexis (2009). "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period". In Einoo, Shingo (ed.).

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Some of the unique themes and ideas found in the Buddhist Tantras is the revaluation of the body and its use in attaining great bliss (

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Regarding their philosophical view, the Buddhist tantras generally follow the view of the Mahāyāna sutras, especially the theories of

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Sampuṭodbhava (Emergence from the Union) and the Sampuṭatilaka (Ornament of the Emergence from the Union), part of the Hevajra cycle.

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Hartzell, James. (2012). The Buddhist Sanskrit Tantras: "The Samādhi of the Plowed Row". Pacific World Journal. Third Series. p. 87.

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Hartzell, James. (2012). The Buddhist Sanskrit Tantras: "The Samādhi of the Plowed Row". Pacific World Journal. Third Series. p.93.

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Tradition and Innovation in late South Asian Buddhism: The Impact of Spell Practices on the Recasting of Prajnaparamita Scriptures

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Benoytosh Bhattacharyya notes that there are two main chronological lists of prominent Indian Tantric authors, the first from

2318:(top); 1st row (l->r): Darikapa, Putalipa, Upanaha; 2nd row: Kokilipa and Anangapa; 3rd row: Lakshmikara; Samudra; Vyalipa. 1892: 4693: 4614: 4595: 4573: 4530: 4511: 4465: 3984: 3688: 3661: 3288: 3121: 2483:

began to write treatises, commentaries and other works on Vajrayana Buddhism. Other tantric works were written by lay yogis,

1464: 5079: 4921: 2923:, also known as Atīśa (c. 982–1054), who was influential in the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet. He most famous for his 1495:'s (11th century) schema contains the same four latter classes, but adds Niruttarayoga as its own fifth category. Kanha's 7256: 3080:" (Great Perfection) tradition. This class of tantric Buddhist texts is divided into three divisions: the "Mind Series" ( 1946: 1696:

reader, thus maintaining secrecy and requiring further commentary to be properly understood. Their original language was

751: 3169: 7153: 6703: 4798: 4485: 4246: 2970:, and also composed practice manuals and commentaries in Chinese. They are considered to be the founding patriarchs of 1634:

which are not specifically "tantric" or "Vajrayanist" in nature. They may be found in classic Mahayana sutras like the

1030: 2436:(Garland of Sādhanas) which contains numerous sādhanas composed by various Indian tantric masters. Another example is 2357: 1441: 4999: 7246: 4478:

A Fine Blend of Mahāmudrā and Madhyamaka: Maitrīpa's Collection of Texts on Non-conceptual Realization (Amanasikāra)

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Sugiki, Tsunehiko (2022). "On the Chronology of the Buddhist Tantras". In Payne, Richard K.; Hayes, Glen A. (eds.).

1511:). The Nyingma school also has a special category of scripture which were discovered or revealed in Tibet, known as 6931: 6676: 1467:

differs by tradition. All traditions agree on three types: Kriyayoga, Caryayoga, and Yogatantra. In the "Ancient" (

1249:(704–774), a scholar translator who traveled to China, reports a canon of eighteen tantras during the 8th century. 17: 2746:, an extensive Guhyasamāja commentary. He is not to be confused with the Madhyamaka philosopher of the same name. 2703: 2114: 620: 7323: 7313: 5142: 3999:

James B. Apple, “Atiśa’s System of Twenty-One Tārās”, Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, no. 66, Avril 2023, pp. 424-463.

1205: 987: 1101: 807: 216: 7268: 6921: 6723: 6614: 6559: 5132: 4349: 2739:), a commentary on the Guhyasamāja Tantra. Not to be confused with the Madhyamaka philosopher of the same name. 1930:

Scriptures in this category are seen as containing equal ritual and meditation elements. They mostly focus on

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to various Japanese Buddhist disciples who founded the Mantrayāna lineages in Japan. One important figure is

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Prajñāpāramitānayaśatapañcaśatikā (The Principles of the Perfection of Wisdom in 150 Lines, c. 7-8th century)

1838: 1319: 613: 368: 2383:(songs of realization), and vajragīti, were often grouped together into collections, like the proto-Bengali 7412: 6821: 6693: 6664: 6366: 3226: 3149: 3020:. The original works of Annen (841–889?) are particularly important for Tendai esotericism, especially his 2942:, when numerous esoteric works were translated into Chinese. During this era, three great tantric masters ( 2371:

Another class of tantric texts are verses, songs and other original compositions by tantric sages known as

1753:. According to the tantras, to reach Buddhahood, one needs to recognize the true nature of one's mind, the 243: 173: 167: 89:), or hymns, and other related works. Tantric Buddhist literature survives in various languages, including 3562: 6512: 6421: 5891: 5536: 5049: 4944: 4126: 2681:(8th century), wrote a commentary on the 13th chapter of the Guhyagarbha tantra, a work on Mahayoga, and 2315: 1705: 6056: 2365: 2027:

Sarvadurgatipariśodhanatejorāja (The Tantra Purifying Evil Destinies, terminus ante quem c. 8th century)

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Tribe, Anthony; Tantric Buddhist Practice in India: Vilāsavajra’s commentary on the Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti

2459:(c. 11th century), an influential Buddhist philosopher and tantric scholar practitioner who studied at 6251: 2645:(8th century), an important author on non-conceptual meditation which is a precursor to later Tibetan 1727:

etc.), which can be used in the service of liberation. This is manifested in the promotion of tantric

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and East Asia through overland and maritime trade routes. Buddhist Tantra arrived in China during the

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Catuṣpīṭha (Four Chapters, c. 9th century), the first tantra to teach utkrāntiyoga, or yogic suicide.

2006: 1523: 627: 184: 5275: 2396:

There are various works on these tantric sages. Sāṅkrtyāyana lists the following important siddhas:

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Advayasamatāvijaya (Victory of Nondual Equality, c. 8th century), part of the Guhyasamāja tradition.

1483:. In the "New Translation" (Sarma) schools, the "higher" classes are called "supreme yoga tantras" ( 7356: 6708: 6522: 6500: 6493: 6396: 5929: 5549: 5365: 5310: 4931: 4737: 4686:

Tantric Thelema: And The Invocation of Ra-Hoor-Khuit in the Manner of the Buddhist Mahayoga Tantras

3165:, and as such, they also maintain many collections of texts that focus on this method. The seventh 2881: 1767: 1614:. The Major Buddhist Tantras also accumulated secondary literature, such as 'Explanatory Tantras' ( 711: 264: 31: 4705:

Making Sense of Tantric Buddhism: History, Semiology, & Transgression in the Indian Traditions

3052: 2412:. There are longer lists which contain eighty four mahasiddhas in works such as Abhayadatta Śrī's 775: 7293: 7273: 6604: 6584: 6341: 6071: 5315: 3208: 2782: 2769: 2507: 2145: 2067:

These tantras tend to contain more transgressive elements, including sexual themes, sexual yoga (

2018: 585: 2709: 2163: 606: 7303: 7143: 6811: 6781: 6554: 6505: 6346: 6294: 6289: 6051: 5872: 5769: 5521: 5516: 5265: 2182:Ḍākinīvajrapañjara (Ḍākinī Vajra Cage), an important tantra in the Hevajra cycle of scriptures. 2111:. It has been seen by modern scholars as a "transitional scripture" and a “proto-yoginītantra”. 1704:) per se, since tantras often include different word forms or grammar associated with regional 1022: 767: 516: 5633: 3976: 2917:, 11th-early 12th century CE, wrote numerous tantric texts like Vajrāvali and Kālacakrāvatāra. 2868: 2456: 2404:, Dārikāpa, (Vajra-ghaṇṭāpa), Kūrmapā, Jālandharapā, (Kaṃha(pā) Caryapā), Guhyapā (Vijayapa), 1492: 7308: 7278: 6859: 6791: 6624: 6539: 6534: 6458: 6453: 6371: 4901: 4556: 3678: 3203:

school likewise maintain collections of the tantric works of their founding figures, such as

3172:(1454- 1506) collected many Indian Mahamudra sources into the three volume collection called 2695:

is attributed by various authors, but this is debated by scholars such as Ernst Steinkellner.

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Many tantric Buddhist texts have titles other than "Tantra", including sutra, kalpa, rajñi,

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Hartzell, James (2012). "The Buddhist Sanskrit Tantras: 'The Samādhi of the Plowed Row'".

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sources. In some cases, whole passages have been copied. This process has been studied by

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The Buddhist Forum , Volume VI,The Institute of Buddhist StudiesTring, UK, 2001, 183-221

1853:-vidyārājñī (The Queen of Incantations: The Great Peahen), one of the five texts in the 1067: 1050: 7201: 7106: 6948: 6911: 6906: 6836: 6786: 6733: 6728: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6579: 6564: 6549: 6544: 6483: 6463: 6426: 6351: 6156: 5857: 5781: 5659: 5601: 5442: 5342: 5270: 5245: 4891: 4821: 4090: 4066: 4009: 3888: 3600: 3473:"A Crisis of Doxography: How Tibetans Organized Tantra During the 8th-12th Centuries". 3117: 2966: 2672: 2472: 2139: 2012: 1950: 1844: 1819: 1551: 1504: 1177: 1117: 875: 817: 737: 634: 592: 404: 257: 224: 113: 7000: 4224:

Yün-hua, Jan. “Nāgārjuna, One or More? A New Interpretation of Buddhist Hagiography.”

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As Buddhist Tantra became more widely practiced in the middle of the seventh century,

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are key elements of the practices taught in these tantras. Some key Yoga tantras are:

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Bhagavannīlāmbaradharavajrapāṇi Tantra (The Tantra of the Blue-Clad Blessed Vajrapāṇi)

1906:

Tantra Which is the Source for All the Functions of Tārā, Mother of All the Tathagatas

1515:. Some of these are classified as "tantras" but were composed in Tibetan by Tibetans. 1331: 30:

This article is about the esoteric Buddhist scriptures. For the Hindu equivalent, see

7379: 7341: 7037: 7022: 6985: 6970: 6743: 6659: 6574: 6411: 6376: 6361: 6088: 6078: 5759: 5606: 5591: 5462: 5385: 5305: 5240: 5172: 5059: 4816: 4689: 4610: 4591: 4569: 4526: 4507: 4481: 4461: 4242: 3980: 3684: 3657: 3284: 3177: 3097: 2361: 2294: 1822:, and other texts), and the external worship of deities. Key Action tantras include: 1057: 94: 6323: 5117: 5017: 3563:

A Crisis of Doxography: How Tibetans Organized Tantra during the 8th–12th Centuries.

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influences. The deities in these scriptures often (but not always) appear as fierce

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school for example, maintains a large collection of texts which are part of their "

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Hevajratantra-Yogaratnamālā, a Hevajra commentary by Kr̥ṣṇavajrapāda (11th century)

2496: 2304: 2072: 1728: 1519: 1512: 1382: 1295: 1242:, which was mentioned and collected by the Chinese pilgrim Wu-xing (無行) c. 680 CE. 1096: 803: 641: 349: 344: 210: 205: 189: 98: 81:(practice texts), ritual manuals (kalpas or vidhis), collections of tantric songs ( 6106: 1471:) school, these three "outer tantras" are followed three further "inner tantras": 7391: 7336: 7288: 7216: 7086: 6884: 6864: 6806: 6718: 6381: 6279: 6126: 5862: 5845: 5830: 5808: 5360: 5230: 5064: 5044: 3651: 2914: 2894:

1007–1085), a.k.a. Advayavajra, author of several influential works on meditation

2720: 2437: 1963:

Vajrapāṇyabhiṣeka-mahātantra (Vajrapāṇi Empowerment Tantra, c. early 7th century)

1912: 1897: 1881: 1253: 963: 846: 54: 6136: 5290: 5280: 4662:

Spells, Images, and Maṇḍalas: Tracing the Evolution of Esoteric Buddhist Rituals

3864: 3113: 3084:, the earliest Dzogchen texts, c. 9th century), which includes tantras like the 2884:, a well known tantric author who was colleague of Ratnākaraśānti at Vikramaśīla 2758: 2216: 2024:

Sarvarahasya-nāma-tantrarāja (Universal Secret Sovereign Tantra, c. 8th century)

1918: 1864:

Born from the Uṣṇīṣa of the Tathāgata, which contains a protective spell (vidyā)

1742: 7346: 7049: 6899: 6681: 6261: 6241: 6161: 5850: 5840: 5774: 5611: 5097: 4960: 3265:

Gray, D. (April 5, 2016). "Religious Innovation in the Ancient Mediterranean".

3220: 2843: 2506:

works (c. 1575–1634) and the second from Kazi Dawasamdup's introduction to the

2495:, a major center for tantric practice (both Buddhist and non-buddhist, such as 2168: 2076: 1733: 1724: 1631: 1374: 1354: 1335: 1086: 1072: 1062: 895: 834: 799: 560: 198: 3865:"The Root Manual of the Rites of Mañjuśrī - Introduction / 84000 Reading Room" 903: 7406: 7116: 6965: 6274: 6176: 6034: 5835: 5813: 5749: 5420: 5215: 5210: 5102: 4771: 3419:. Tokyo: University of Tokyo, Institute of Oriental Culture. pp. 41–349. 3204: 3192: 3101: 2678: 2573: 2376: 2248: 2088: 1833: 1807: 1782: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1611: 1264: 425: 418: 82: 5574: 5564: 4936: 2862: 2068: 1701: 1622:

literature which outline specific tantric ritual practices and meditations.

1507:), tantric verse works, songs, meditation manuals, and instructional texts ( 1270:

Buddhist tantras were also influenced by non-buddhist traditions, including

537: 7206: 7191: 7161: 7111: 7101: 6943: 6738: 6231: 6066: 5944: 5732: 5727: 5554: 5425: 5300: 4761: 3623:

Silk; et al., eds. (2015). "Tantric Literature: Overview South Asia".

3017: 2939: 2902: 2476: 2460: 2263: 2194:

Namastāraikaviṃśatistotra (Praise to Tārā with Twenty-One Verses of Homage)

2175:

and the three channels (avadhūtī, lalanā, and rasanā), and the inner fire (

1358: 1233: 1188: 1081: 919: 838: 152: 78: 5989: 5974: 5934: 5631: 5295: 4871: 3405:

Gray, David B.; Tantra and the Tantric Traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism

2578:Ārya Nāgārjuna, a tantric commentator to the Guhyasamāja who authored the 2242: 2142:(The Secret Womb Tantra), the key Mahayoga tantra in the Nyingma tradition 1526:, these classifications are not used. These traditions mainly rely on the 925: 7176: 7005: 6146: 6131: 5914: 5722: 5650: 5430: 5260: 5162: 5009: 4881: 4583: 4564:

Orzech, Charles D.; Sørensen, Henrik H.; Payne, Richard K., eds. (2011).

3154: 2955: 2943: 2668: 2633: 2331: 2282: 1987: 1861: 1827: 1794: 1636: 1603:. Likewise, texts labeled "kriya tantra" also contain teachings on yoga. 1457: 1246: 1236:(320–550 CE). However, the earliest known datable Buddhist Tantra is the 1091: 723: 319: 7166: 5626: 2974:

and their writings are central to the East Asian Mantrayāna traditions.

2238:

Vajrabhairavavidāraṇa Tantra (The Tantra of Vajrabhairava's Destruction)

2039: 1797:

based practices (of the perfection stage) and teachings on the yoginis.

1664:

Chinese translation of the Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi (Awakening of Vairocana)

1286:. The Buddhist Yogini tantras contain the most extensive borrowing from 57:(manuscript c. 11th or 12th century CE, Sanskrit in Nepalaksara script). 34:. For the esoteric practices called tantra, regardless of religion, see 7121: 7079: 6955: 6761: 6686: 6300: 6284: 6246: 6226: 6121: 6096: 6004: 5939: 5919: 5665: 5596: 5467: 5350: 5320: 5255: 5205: 4863: 4853: 4826: 4644:

Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture

3195:

and his direct disciples are generally seen as foundational texts. The

3108:" (Treasure Texts). These texts were revealed by "treasure revealers" ( 3104:. The Nyingma school also maintains other collections of texts called " 3029: 2951: 2898: 2887: 2726: 2529: 2488: 2385: 2372: 2299: 2210: 2108: 2084: 2061: 1850: 1790: 1786: 1758: 1673: 1410: 1345:

Buddhist Tantra quickly spread out of India into nearby countries like

1327: 1323: 1311: 1303: 1135: 1130: 950: 911: 899: 555: 523: 494: 397: 390: 326: 314: 289: 6141: 5137: 3028:(Abbreviated Discussion on the Meaning of Bodhicitta according to the 2582:. Not to be confused with the Madhyamaka philosopher of the same name. 1660: 1508: 1444:

manuscript (c. 14th century, Newari) with a miniature illustration of

480: 228: 74: 7096: 7069: 6236: 6111: 5823: 5739: 5616: 5506: 5479: 5472: 5435: 5392: 5355: 5122: 5087: 5054: 5029: 4984: 3162: 3093: 3024:(On the Meaning of Teachings and Times in Esoteric Buddhism) and the 2585: 2503: 2375:("greatly accomplished ones"). Their tantric songs, variously called 2270: 2053: 2049: 1983: 1935: 1931: 1778: 1684: 1414: 1398: 1386: 1267:, he even mentions erotic practices associated with this collection. 1140: 907: 487: 158: 121: 65: 39: 6869: 5705: 5559: 5325: 5107: 4976: 4968: 4719: 4674:

Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors

4523:

The Mahā-Vairocana-Abhisaṃbodhi Tantra with Buddhaguhya's Commentary

3109: 3089: 3009: 2715: 7386: 7226: 7181: 7126: 7091: 6995: 6654: 6221: 6216: 6166: 6101: 6019: 5984: 5979: 5640: 5511: 5499: 5410: 5069: 4766: 3369: 3367: 3136: 3092:, c. 11th–14th centuries), and the "Esoteric Instructions" series ( 3077: 3065: 2958:(705–774). They worked on translations of classic tantras like the 2646: 2149: 2092: 2060:-kula, Vajra-sūrya-kula, Padmanarteśvara-kula, Paramāśva-kula, and 1697: 1480: 1472: 1422: 1406: 1307: 1291: 1275: 959: 954: 945: 938: 90: 6211: 6201: 6186: 6009: 5879: 5147: 4635:

Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement

4412: 2990: 2982: 2920: 1287: 1271: 971: 7131: 7074: 7059: 6206: 6196: 6171: 6046: 6041: 5999: 5969: 5901: 5867: 5754: 5695: 5690: 5544: 5447: 5285: 5235: 5022: 4848: 4607:

Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition

4480:, p. 2. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 3166: 3158: 3144: 3073: 2908:

Sucandra, wrote a Kalachakra commentary in sixty thousand stanzas

2591: 2492: 2401: 2276: 1995: 1980: 1774: 1676: 1649: 1626: 1619: 1476: 1468: 1405:

in south India. Other origin myths focus around a mythic king of

1370: 1315: 1257: 934: 929: 861: 842: 783: 686: 458: 437: 5818: 5586: 4400: 3364: 2675:

and is also associated with translations of Dzogchen Semde texts

1867:

Mañjuśrīnāmāṣṭaśatakam (The Hundred and Eight Names of Mañjuśrī)

1785:), special observances (carya), descriptions of tantric feasts ( 1283: 7211: 7196: 7032: 6894: 6874: 6649: 6311: 6191: 6181: 6116: 5744: 5700: 5685: 5675: 5645: 5569: 5452: 5220: 5092: 4836: 4831: 3200: 3005: 2978: 2623: 2618: 2569: 2545: 2484: 2468: 2424: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2390: 2257: 2232: 2225:Śrīsaṃvarakhasama Tantra (Glorious Sky-like Great Bliss Tantra) 2201: 2172: 2100: 2096: 2057: 1991: 1986:, and "peaceful" deities and Buddhas like Vairocana Buddha and 1645: 1607: 1600: 1362: 1279: 1122: 915: 795: 718: 676: 669: 664: 659: 465: 444: 361: 296: 282: 86: 35: 4724: 3862: 3112:) at different times in Tibetan history. Examples include the 2606:

Jalandharipa (c.705), wrote a commentary to the Hevajra tantra

2538:

Bhagavatī Lakṣmī (c.729) or Lakṣmīṃkarā, female author of the

2341:

Ekaślokikā prajñāpāramitā, Svalpākṣarā Prajñāpāramitā, Kauśikā

2015:(Adamantine Peak, 8th century), a collection of tantric texts. 7351: 7186: 7044: 7010: 6990: 6960: 6889: 6306: 6151: 6029: 6024: 5994: 5949: 5796: 5791: 5670: 5375: 5200: 5167: 5157: 4278:

Dalton, Catherine and Szántó, Péter-Dániel, “Jñānapāda”, in:

4232:, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1061906. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024. 3456:"The Tantric Age: A Comparison Of Shaiva And Buddhist Tantra" 3196: 3188: 3132: 3081: 3057: 3041: 3013: 2662: 2572:, also known as Rāhula (c. 633), a famous author of esoteric 2176: 2080: 2009:(Compendium of the Reality of All Tathāgatas, c. 7th century) 1999: 1957: 1939: 1426: 1402: 1366: 1350: 1346: 811: 681: 530: 509: 451: 356: 131: 69: 3566:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

3475:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

1712:. Apabraṃśa is also often used for tantric songs and poems. 7221: 6014: 5680: 5177: 3223: – Historic literature and religious texts of Buddhism 2820:Śraddhākaravarman, a Guhyasamāja commentator and author of 2718:, a famed yogin and author. He is likely the author of the 2451: 2034: 1976: 1668: 1232:

Buddhist Tantric texts may have begun appearing during the

472: 4653:

The Cakrasamvara Tantra: A Study and Annotated Translation

3268:

Tantra and the Tantric Traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism

3161:. The Kagyu tradition emphasizes the esoteric practice of 2241:Āryatārākurukullākalpa (The Practice Manual of Noble Tārā 1876:

Amoghapāśa-kalparāja-sūtra (The Noble Sovereign Ritual of

1278:

sources, the cults of local deities, and rites related to

6879: 5415: 4140:

Taisho 945 is found in Volume 19 of the Taisho Tripitaka.

4131:, pp. 65-75. St John’s College, The University of Oxford. 3724: 3595:. Boston & London: Shambala Publications. p. 35. 3485: 1919:

Subāhuparipṛcchātantra (The Tantra of Subāhu’s Questions)

4443:

Dolce, Lucia; Mano, Shinya (2011). "Godai'in Annen", in

3741: 3739: 3335: 3333: 2768:

Bhavyakīrti, 10th century author of a commentary on the

4588:

The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism

4177: 4175: 3656:. Macmillan Reference. pp. 21, 180, 217–218, 253. 3384: 3382: 3143:

which includes his many songs), the Collected works of

1491:

populated by female deities, i.e., the Yogini tantras.

1911:

Tārādevīnāmāṣṭaśataka (The Hundred and Eight Names of

3832: 3810: 3808: 3763: 3736: 3697: 3618: 3616: 3514: 3512: 3330: 2219:(Fiery Great Wrathful One, c. 10-11th century Nepal). 2197:

Vajramrta Tantra (Adamantine Nectar, c. 9th century).

1766:

through skillful means, especially the contemplative

1322:

and other secret methods with which to achieve swift

4542:"Tantric Buddhism in India (from c. 800 to c. 1200)" 4172: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3714: 3712: 3631: 3379: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 2977:

The tradition was passed on from later figures like

2471:(scholars) at mainstream Buddhist institutions like 1310:, and Yoginī Tantras) advocated union with a deity ( 4655:. New York: American Institute of Buddhist Studies. 4563: 4418: 4406: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3820: 3373: 3297: 2443:, which contains details on 26 different mandalas. 1860:The Supreme Accomplishment of Invincible Averting, 4215:Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1980, India, pp. 62-63. 4107: 3844: 3805: 3613: 3524: 3509: 3497: 3435: 3423: 2191:Buddhakapāla (Skull of Buddha, c. 9-10th century). 2083:substances (blood, meat, alcohol, sexual fluids), 1800: 3751: 3709: 3345: 2999:Hizō hōyaku (Precious Key to the Secret Treasury) 2779:Sraddhakaravarman, commentator on the Guhyasamāja 1716:(lokottarasiddhi) of Buddhahood in one lifetime. 7404: 4207: 4205: 4203: 3905: 3676: 2933: 2808:Tathagataraksita, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2755:Nagabodhi, commentator on the Guhyasamāja Tantra 2691:(725–788), whose authorship of the Tantric work 2629:Other important Indian tantric authors include: 2423:Another class of verse tantric works are hymns ( 2117:(Chanting the names of Mañjuśrī, c. 8th century) 1925: 64:refers to the vast and varied literature of the 3649: 3579:The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra, Part One 2897:Pundarika (11th-century), a commentator on the 2123:(The Esoteric Community Tantra, c. 8th century) 1902:Sarvatathāgatamātṛtārāviśvakarmabhavanāmatantra 1586: 1563: 1540: 4566:Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia 4445:Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia 4434:, p. 32. Boston/London: Shambala Publications. 4169:. American Institute of Buddhist Studies. 2014 4091:"Unexcelled Yoga tantras | 84000 Reading Room" 4036:, p. 72. Boston/London: Shambala Publications. 3650:Richard McBride (2004). Robert Buswell (ed.). 3157:school, the works of lineage masters like the 1887:The Dhāraṇī of the Eleven Faced Avalokiteśvara 1813: 1580: 1557: 1534: 4745: 4604: 4200: 3324: 3096:, c. 11th–14th centuries), which include the 3035: 2995:Jūjū shinron (Treatise on Ten Levels of Mind) 2938:Tantric Buddhism arrived in China during the 2802:Durjayacandra, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2787:Śrīcakrasaṃvara-sādhana-sarva-śula-nāma-ṭīkā, 2289: 2136:Māyājāla Tantra (The Net of Magical Illusion) 2103:. Some key tantras in this category include: 1465:Classification of Tantras in Tibetan Buddhism 1256:, and older Buddhist esoteric practices like 1213: 995: 745: 5527:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 3581:in Tsong-kha-pa et al. (2016), pp. 63 - 155. 2785:, a 9th emperor of the Palas, and author of 4460:Vol. 1, pp. 493–498. Wisdom Publications, 4317:"Pradīpoddyotana-nāma-ṭīkā - Buddha-Nature" 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 2344:Prajñāpāramitā, Saptaślokikā Prajñāpāramitā 2130:Vajrahṛdayālaṃkāra (Vajra Heart Adornment). 1618:), commentaries (pañjikās, ṭīkās etc.) and 1451: 1413:, who received the tantras with the aid of 4752: 4738: 4720:84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha 3605:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 2817:Manibhadra, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2811:Bhavabadra, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2799:Jayabhadra, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 1220: 1206: 1002: 988: 752: 738: 4256: 4254: 4167:The Adamantine Songs: Vajragiti by Saraha 4095:84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha 4044: 4042: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3414: 3191:school, the tantric works of the founder 3088:(All Creating King), the "Space Series" ( 2814:Viravajra, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2805:Vajrapani, Cakrasamvāratantra commentator 2698:Vilāsavajra, 8-9th century author of the 2671:(8th century), wrote commentaries on the 2446: 4539: 4181: 4071:84000 Translating The Words of The Budda 4014:84000 Translating The Words of The Budda 3893:84000 Translating The Words of The Budda 3869:84000 Translating The Words of The Budda 3796: 3775: 3703: 3590: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3273:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 3051: 2792:Bhavabhaṭṭa, 10th century author of the 2661:considered a key work of early Dzogchen 2450: 2309: 2293: 2038: 2035:Anuttarayoga, Mahāyoga or Yoginī Tantras 1975:These tantras focus on meditation, i.e. 1781:), explanation of mantras, fire ritual ( 1667: 1659: 1436: 44: 38:. For Tantric or Esoteric Buddhism, see 6714:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 4458:The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, 4388:Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online 4297:Tibet House US | NYC - Official Website 4280:Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online 3977:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197549889.001.0001 3309: 2774:Śrīcakrasamvarapañjikā-śūramanojñā-nāma 2742:Candrakīrti, 9th century author of the 2314:Eight Mahasiddhas with the bodhisattva 2303:manuscript preserved in the library of 2231:Vārāhyabhibodhana Tantra (Awakening of 14: 7405: 6917:List of Buddhist architecture in China 4707:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4664:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4646:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4637:. New York: Columbia University Press. 4582: 4549:Buddhismus in Geschichte und Gegenwart 4251: 4213:An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism, 4039: 4010:"Conduct tantras | 84000 Reading Room" 3969:The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies 3966: 3826: 3683:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 14–17. 3637: 3536: 3453: 3303: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3116:(the "Tibetan Book of the Dead"), the 2875:, a commentary on the Hevajra and the 2826:Prasantajnana, Guhyasamāja commentator 2789:a large Cakrasamvāratantra commentary. 2414:History of the Eighty-four Mahasiddhas 1318:), techniques for manipulation of the 4733: 4520: 4381: 3889:"Action tantras | 84000 Reading Room" 3454:Wallis, Christopher (February 2016). 3394: 3339: 3026:Taizōkongō bodaishingi ryaku mondōshō 2725:the source of the earliest system of 2463:, a major center of tantric studies. 1921:(mid-sixth to mid-seventh centuries) 1777:, how to perform ritual initiations ( 1353:in the eighth century, as well as to 4501: 4228:, vol. 10, no. 2, 1970, pp. 139–55. 4148:[Taishō Shinshū Tripitaka]. 4113: 4050:Sarvabuddhasamāyogaḍākinījālaśaṁvara 3971:(online ed.). Oxford Academic. 3863:Dharmachakra Translation Committee. 3850: 3838: 3814: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3730: 3718: 3622: 3530: 3518: 3503: 3491: 3441: 3429: 3388: 3358: 3281:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.5 3264: 2829:Vimalagupta, Guhyasamāja commentator 2651:The Transcendent State of Bodhicitta 2326:Adhyardhaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 2021:(mid-sixth to mid-seventh centuries) 1789:), descriptions of tantric deities, 1679:, derived from the teachings of the 4432:Shingon: Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 4350:"Śraddhākaravarman - Buddha-Nature" 4067:"Yoga tantras | 84000 Reading Room" 4034:Shingon: Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 3593:Shingon: Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 3417:Genesis and Development of Tantrism 3249: 3044:(beginning in the 8th century CE), 3040:As Vajrayana Buddhism developed in 2822:Yogānattaratantrārthāvatārasaṃgraha 2523:Anangavajra (c.705), author of the 2356:Other "tantric" sutras include the 1889:(Avalokiteśvaraikādaśamukhadhāraṇī) 1174:25. Additional Sutra Clarifications 24: 6704:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 4625: 2835:Vajrahasa, Guhyasamāja commentator 2733:Lamp that Integrates the Practices 2517:Padmavajra (c.693), author of the 2007:Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgraha sutra 25: 7429: 4713: 4447:, 2011, Leiden: Brill NV. p. 770. 4419:Orzech, Sørensen & Payne 2011 4407:Orzech, Sørensen & Payne 2011 4195:Jyotirmañjari of Abhayåkaragupta. 4054:Brill's Encyclopaedia of Buddhism 3374:Orzech, Sørensen & Payne 2011 3182:Phyag rgya chen po 'i rgya gzhung 2796:, a Cakrasamvāratantra commentary 2213:(Wheel of Time, c. 11th century). 1655: 1239:Awakening of Mahāvairocana Tantra 27:Group of Indian and Tibetan texts 7385: 7375: 7374: 6932:Thai temple art and architecture 6677:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 4917:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 4783: 4770: 4760: 4703:Wedemeyer, Christian K. (2013). 4605:Williams, P.; Tribe, A. (2002). 3625:Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism 1369:(774–835), where it is known as 1193:30. Shōwa Treasures of the Faith 1029: 774: 432:Thought forms and visualisation: 130: 4784: 4725:Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon 4470: 4450: 4437: 4424: 4375: 4366: 4342: 4333: 4309: 4285: 4272: 4263: 4235: 4218: 4187: 4159: 4134: 4119: 4083: 4059: 4048:Szántó & Griffiths (2015), 4026: 4002: 3993: 3881: 3856: 3670: 3643: 3584: 3571: 3466: 3447: 2832:Cilupa, Guhyasamāja commentator 2749:Sakyamitra, commentator on the 2561:Ḍombi Heruka or Ḍombipa (c.777) 1970: 1949:(Awakening of Great Vairocana, 1801:List of Indian Buddhist tantras 1425:in order to swallow and subdue 1392: 6922:Japanese Buddhist architecture 6724:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 5804:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 4995:Places where the Buddha stayed 4568:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 4494: 3568:, Volume 28 • Number 1 • 2005. 3408: 3174:The Indian Mahāmudrā Treatises 2997:, along with its summary, the 2985:(774–835), the founder of the 2200:Jñānatilakayoginī Tantra (The 1700:, but not classical Sanskrit ( 1365:) and was brought to Japan by 13: 1: 6937:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 4506:. New York: Oxford Academic. 4504:The Buddhist Tantras: A Guide 4476:Mathes, Klaus-Dieter (2015). 4125:Bianchini, Francesco (2020). 3680:Tantric Buddhism in East Asia 3237: 2934:East Asian tantric literature 2851:Śrīhevajravyākhyākhyāvivaraṇa 1926:Conduct tantras (Caryātantra) 6694:Buddhism and the Roman world 6670:Decline of Buddhism in India 6665:History of Buddhism in India 4765: Topics in 4642:Davidson, Ronald M. (2005). 4633:Davidson, Ronald M. (2002). 3242: 3227:Sanskrit Buddhist literature 3150:Jewel Ornament of Liberation 3056:Part of the early Dzogchen ' 2946:) came from India to China: 2636:, wrote a commentary on the 2352:Candragarbha Prajñāpāramitā. 2348:*Prajñāpāramitānāmāṣṭaśataka 2222:Sampuṭa Tantra (Kiss Tantra) 1692:bodhisattva (buddhavacana). 1334:practices such as ingesting 244:Gateway of the Hidden Flower 168:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism 7: 5892:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 5632: 4540:Isaacson, Harunaga (1998). 4525:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 3214: 2856:Vajragarbha, author of the 2400:, (Nāgārjuna), (Sabarapa), 2360:, the source of the famous 2204:of Gnosis, a Yoginī Tantra) 1947:Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Tantra 1873:The Aparimitāyurjñāna Sūtra 1814:Action tantra (Kriyātantra) 1648:collection and 2400 in the 1587: 1564: 1541: 699:Ordination and transmission 104: 62:Buddhist tantric literature 10: 7434: 6842:The unanswerable questions 4660:Shinohara, Koichi (2014). 4211:Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh. 4143:"Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō" 3036:Tibetan tantric literature 2961:Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra 2871:(i.e. Santipa), wrote the 2849:Bhadrapāda, author of the 2455:A Tibetan illustration of 2290:Other Indian tantric texts 2079:imagery, the ingestion of 1014: 174:Filipino Esoteric Buddhism 53:, a tantric commentary by 29: 7370: 7322: 7237: 7152: 6927:Buddhist temples in Korea 6850: 6752: 6635: 6332: 6260: 6087: 5960: 5900: 5535: 5490:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 5401: 5393:Three planes of existence 5341: 5186: 5078: 5008: 5000:Buddha in world religions 4862: 4807: 4779: 3677:Richard K. Payne (2006). 3325:Williams & Tribe 2002 2972:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 2858:Ṣaṭsāhasrikā-Hevajra-ṭīkā 2525:Prajñopāyaviniścayasiddhi 2418:Caturasitisiddha pravrtti 1845:Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra 1687:is located in the center. 1581: 1558: 1535: 1524:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 815:6. Late translated Sutras 6709:Persecution of Buddhists 5930:Four stages of awakening 5311:Three marks of existence 4897:Physical characteristics 4609:. Taylor & Francis. 4456:Dudjom Rinpoche (1991), 4430:Yamasaki, Taiko (1988). 4144: 4032:Yamasaki, Taiko (1988). 3653:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 3591:Yamasaki, Taiko (1988). 3147:(Dagpo Kabum, including 2731:Āryadeva, author of the 2655:Byang chub sems bsgom pa 2565:Kazi Dawasamdup's list: 2207:Vajrapãṇyabhiṣeka Tantra 1630:are an earlier class of 1452:Classes of tantric texts 1432: 712:Pointing-out instruction 265:True Awakening Tradition 32:Hindu tantric literature 6072:Ten principal disciples 4955:(aunt, adoptive mother) 4590:. New York: Routledge. 4521:Hodge, Stephen (2003). 4502:Gray, David B. (2023). 4354:buddhanature.tsadra.org 4321:buddhanature.tsadra.org 3801:. Third Series: 63–178. 2853:, on the Hevajra Tantra 2532:(c.717), author of the 2427:) to specific deities. 1942:. Some key scriptures: 1770:taught in the tantras. 1361:(where it was known as 1326:. Some Tantras contain 6782:Buddhism and democracy 6295:Tibetan Buddhist canon 6290:Chinese Buddhist canon 5522:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 5517:Early Buddhist schools 3069: 2794:Śrīcakrasaṁvarapañjikā 2744:Pradīpodyotananāmaṭīkā 2702:, a commentary on the 2700:Namamantrarthavalokini 2464: 2447:Indian Tantric authors 2319: 2307: 2217:Caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa Tantra 2087:, as well as numerous 2044: 1688: 1665: 1448: 1168:23. Non-Buddhist Texts 1092:4. Saddharma Pundarika 1023:Chinese Buddhist Canon 768:Tibetan Buddhist canon 145:Historical traditions: 58: 6792:Eight Consciousnesses 4902:Life of Buddha in art 4688:. Concrescent Press. 4557:University of Hamburg 4382:Schneider, Johannes, 3799:Pacific World Journal 3733:, pp. 26–27, 51. 3494:, pp. 25, 28–30. 3055: 2838:Kāṇha, author of the 2685:, a doxographic work. 2454: 2313: 2297: 2042: 1880:), the source of the 1857:scriptural collection 1671: 1663: 1440: 1385:where it is known as 975:15. Tengyur Catalogue 850:11. Kangyur Catalogue 705:Esoteric transmission 628:Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra 48: 7269:East Asian religions 6699:Buddhism in the West 6270:Early Buddhist texts 5885:Four Right Exertions 5351:Ten spiritual realms 4844:Noble Eightfold Path 4670:Snellgrove, David L. 4651:Gray, David (2007). 4226:History of Religions 2877:Hevajrasādhanopāyikā 2737:Caryāmelāpakapradīpa 2638:Mahavairocana Tantra 2558:Sahajayoginī (c.765) 2513:Tāranātha's list: 2379:(rhyming couplets), 2337:Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya 2115:Mañjuśrī-nāmasamgīti 1847:(Golden Light Sutra) 1681:Mahāvairocana Tantra 251:New Kadampa Buddhism 7413:Sanskrit literature 7392:Religion portal 7139:Temple of the Tooth 7018:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 6057:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 5550:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 5333:Two truths doctrine 5153:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4953:Mahapajapati Gotamī 4676:. London: Serindia. 4193:Tadeusz Skorupski. 3481:(1): 115–181. 2005. 3232:Sanskrit literature 3062:The Cuckoo of Rigpa 3032:and Vajra realms) 2770:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra 2704:Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti 2609:Kr̥ṣṇācārya (c.717) 2508:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra 2152:Vidyāpīṭha tantras. 2146:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra 1529:Mahāvairocana Sūtra 621:Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti 614:Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa 586:Cakrasaṃvara Tantra 579:Anuttarayoga Tantra 49:A manuscript of the 7314:Western philosophy 6912:Dzong architecture 6734:Vipassana movement 6729:Buddhist modernism 6157:Emperor Wen of Sui 5925:Pratyekabuddhayāna 5858:Threefold Training 5660:Vipassana movement 5376:Hungry Ghost realm 5196:Avidyā (Ignorance) 5143:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 4892:Great Renunciation 4887:Eight Great Events 4769: 3118:Longchen Nyingthig 3070: 3022:Shingonshū kyōjigi 2967:Vajrasekhara Sutra 2751:Guhyasamāja Tantra 2673:Guhyagarbha tantra 2497:Trika Saiva Tantra 2465: 2358:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 2320: 2308: 2140:Guhyagarbha Tantra 2121:Guhyasamāja Tantra 2045: 2019:Susiddhikāra-sūtra 2013:Vajraśekhara Sūtra 1951:terminus ante quem 1768:tantric techniques 1763:Guhyasamāja Tantra 1689: 1666: 1575:Susiddhikara Sūtra 1552:Vajraśekhara Sūtra 1485:anuttarayogatantra 1449: 1442:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 1314:), sacred sounds ( 1127:12. Sutravyakarana 804:3. Buddhavatamsaka 635:Vajrasekhara Sutra 593:Guhyagarbha Tantra 405:Anuttarayogatantra 377:Fourfold division: 369:Tantric techniques 258:Shambhala Buddhism 123:Vajrayana Buddhism 59: 7400: 7399: 7038:Om mani padme hum 6744:Women in Buddhism 6660:Buddhist councils 6530:Western countries 6318:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 6079:Shaolin Monastery 5656:Samatha-vipassanā 5266:Pratītyasamutpāda 5070:Metteyya/Maitreya 4988: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4948: 4940: 4817:Four Noble Truths 4695:978-0-9903927-7-4 4616:978-1-134-62325-9 4597:978-0-415-46163-4 4575:978-90-04-18491-6 4532:978-1-135-79654-9 4513:978-0-19-762383-1 4466:978-0-86171-087-4 4165:Lara Braitstein. 3986:978-0-19-754988-9 3841:, pp. 74–77. 3772:, pp. 69–70. 3748:, pp. 64–68. 3690:978-0-86171-487-2 3663:978-0-02-865718-9 3391:, pp. 21–24. 3342:, pp. 14–15. 3290:978-0-19-934037-8 3098:Seventeen Tantras 3086:Kulayarāja Tantra 3046:Tibetan Buddhists 2926:Bodhipathapradīpa 2921:Dīpaṅkaraśrījñāna 2905:(Stainless Light) 2552:Lilavajra (c.741) 2438:Abhayakaragupta's 2329:(150 lines), the 2254:Tārāyogini Tantra 1893:Nīlakaṇṭhadhāraṇī 1839:Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 1230: 1229: 1189:29. Illustrations 1154:19. Sastravibhasa 1151:18. Vinayavibhasa 1087:3. Prajnaparamita 1012: 1011: 896:3. Prajnaparamita 800:2. Prajnaparamita 762: 761: 654:Symbols and tools 600:Kulayarāja Tantra 414: 412:Twofold division: 379: 16:(Redirected from 7425: 7418:Buddhist tantras 7390: 7389: 7378: 7377: 7217:Sacred languages 7065:Maya Devi Temple 7028:Mahabodhi Temple 6832:Secular Buddhism 6797:Engaged Buddhism 5637: 5485:Tibetan Buddhism 5436:Vietnamese Thiền 5035:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 4986: 4978: 4970: 4962: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4787: 4786: 4774: 4764: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4708: 4699: 4677: 4665: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4620: 4601: 4579: 4560: 4546: 4536: 4517: 4488: 4474: 4468: 4454: 4448: 4441: 4435: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4384:"Vāgīśvarakīrti" 4379: 4373: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4289: 4283: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4249: 4239: 4233: 4222: 4216: 4209: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4138: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4063: 4057: 4046: 4037: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3964: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3604: 3596: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3559: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3392: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3362: 3356: 3343: 3337: 3328: 3322: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3262: 3153:), and, for the 3126:Yuthok Nyingthig 2893: 2765:a sādhanā manual 2761:, author of the 2683:Garland of Views 2649:texts. He wrote 2615:Vijayapa (c.741) 2603:Kācchapa (c.693) 2555:Darikapa (c.753) 2441:Niṣpannayogāvalī 2305:Rajshahi College 2228:Vajraḍāka Tantra 2211:Kālacakra Tantra 2073:wrathful deities 1708:languages, like 1685:Buddha Vairocana 1594: 1592: 1584: 1583: 1571: 1569: 1561: 1560: 1548: 1546: 1538: 1537: 1296:Alexis Sanderson 1222: 1215: 1208: 1148:17. Sutravibhasa 1114:9. Sutrasanipata 1111:8. Mahasannipata 1033: 1019: 1018: 1004: 997: 990: 778: 764: 763: 754: 747: 740: 642:Yuthok Nyingthig 410: 375: 350:Completion stage 345:Generation stage 134: 124: 109: 108: 21: 18:Buddhist Tantras 7433: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7384: 7366: 7318: 7233: 7148: 6885:Ordination hall 6846: 6748: 6719:Buddhist crisis 6631: 6328: 6280:Mahayana sutras 6256: 6252:Thích Nhất Hạnh 6083: 5956: 5896: 5846:Bodhisattva vow 5531: 5397: 5337: 5296:Taṇhā (Craving) 5231:Five hindrances 5182: 5074: 5004: 4858: 4803: 4775: 4758: 4716: 4711: 4702: 4696: 4680: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4628: 4626:Further reading 4623: 4617: 4598: 4576: 4544: 4533: 4514: 4497: 4492: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4391: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4301: 4299: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4240: 4236: 4223: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4173: 4164: 4160: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4075: 4073: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4047: 4040: 4031: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3965: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3806: 3795: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3621: 3614: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3576: 3572: 3561:Dalton, Jacob. 3560: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3395: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3365: 3357: 3346: 3338: 3331: 3323: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3263: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3217: 3199:school and the 3038: 2936: 2915:Abhayākaragupta 2891: 2763:Vajrajvālodayā, 2548:-siddhipaddhati 2449: 2366:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 2292: 2164:Mahāmāyā Tantra 2037: 1973: 1953:c. 7th century) 1928: 1882:mantra of light 1832:The Dhāraṇī of 1816: 1803: 1725:charnel grounds 1658: 1578: 1555: 1532: 1454: 1435: 1395: 1254:Mahayana sutras 1226: 1197: 1196: 1157:20. Sarvasamaya 1078: 1046: 1017: 1008: 979: 978: 974: 969: 941: 932: 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 878: 874: 871: 856: 855: 852:12. Postscripts 851: 849: 845: 841: 839:8. Vimalaprabha 837: 833: 820: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 758: 729: 728: 700: 692: 691: 655: 647: 646: 607:Mahāmāyā Tantra 574: 566: 565: 551: 543: 542: 517:Luminosity yoga 340: 332: 331: 310: 302: 301: 278: 270: 269: 142: 122: 107: 55:Abhayakaragupta 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7431: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7382: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7249: 7243: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7158: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6949:Greco-Buddhist 6941: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6900:Burmese pagoda 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6856: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6682:Greco-Buddhism 6679: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6641: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6615:United Kingdom 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6560:Czech Republic 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6439: 6434: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6324:Abhidharmadīpa 6321: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6266: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6242:B. R. Ambedkar 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6162:Songtsen Gampo 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5966: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5841:Eight precepts 5838: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5629: 5619: 5614: 5612:Five Strengths 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5552: 5547: 5541: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5353: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5251:Mental factors 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5103:Mahamoggallāna 5100: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5018:Avalokiteśvara 5014: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4950: 4942: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4819: 4813: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4715: 4714:External links 4712: 4710: 4709: 4700: 4694: 4678: 4666: 4657: 4648: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4596: 4580: 4574: 4561: 4537: 4531: 4518: 4512: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4486:978-3700177869 4469: 4449: 4436: 4423: 4421:, p. 274. 4411: 4399: 4374: 4365: 4341: 4332: 4308: 4284: 4271: 4262: 4250: 4247:978-9004299375 4234: 4217: 4199: 4186: 4171: 4158: 4152:(in Chinese). 4133: 4118: 4106: 4082: 4058: 4038: 4025: 4001: 3992: 3985: 3904: 3880: 3855: 3843: 3831: 3819: 3804: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3735: 3723: 3708: 3696: 3689: 3669: 3662: 3642: 3630: 3612: 3583: 3577:Tsong-kha-pa, 3570: 3535: 3523: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3465: 3446: 3434: 3422: 3407: 3393: 3378: 3363: 3344: 3329: 3308: 3296: 3289: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3221:Buddhist texts 3216: 3213: 3211:respectively. 3170:Chödrak Gyatso 3102:Vima Nyingthig 3060:' text called 3037: 3034: 2954:(671–741) and 2948:Śubhakarasiṃha 2935: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2901:who wrote the 2895: 2885: 2882:Vāgīśvarakīrti 2879: 2869:Ratnākaraśānti 2866: 2865:, 11th century 2860: 2854: 2847: 2844:Hevajra Tantra 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2790: 2780: 2777: 2766: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2729: 2713: 2707: 2696: 2686: 2676: 2666: 2640: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2576: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2536: 2527: 2521: 2457:Ratnākaraśānti 2448: 2445: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2169:Hevajra Tantra 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2085:tantric feasts 2077:charnel ground 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2010: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1954: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1916: 1909: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1858: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1834:Vaiḍūryaprabha 1830: 1815: 1812: 1802: 1799: 1734:Hevajra Tantra 1729:fierce deities 1657: 1656:Indian tantras 1654: 1632:Buddhist texts 1589:Soshitsuji-kyō 1518:Meanwhile, in 1493:Ratnākaraśānti 1453: 1450: 1446:Avalokiteśvara 1434: 1431: 1394: 1391: 1355:Southeast Asia 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1217: 1210: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1171:24. Catalogues 1169: 1166: 1165:22. Cyclopedia 1163: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1138: 1136:14. Madhyamaka 1133: 1131:13. Abhidharma 1128: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1053: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1026: 1025: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1006: 999: 992: 984: 981: 980: 977: 976: 968:Miscellaneous) 966: 957: 948: 942: 891: 888: 885: 882: 872: 869: 868: 865: 864: 858: 857: 854: 853: 847:10. Pranidhana 830: 827: 824: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 780: 779: 771: 770: 760: 759: 757: 756: 749: 742: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 721: 715: 714: 708: 707: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 684: 679: 673: 672: 667: 662: 656: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 638: 637: 631: 630: 624: 623: 617: 616: 610: 609: 603: 602: 596: 595: 589: 588: 582: 581: 575: 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 561:Ullambana Puja 558: 552: 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 540: 534: 533: 527: 526: 520: 519: 513: 512: 506: 505: 498: 497: 491: 490: 484: 483: 469: 468: 462: 461: 455: 454: 448: 447: 441: 440: 429: 428: 422: 421: 408: 407: 401: 400: 394: 393: 387: 386: 365: 364: 359: 353: 352: 347: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329: 323: 322: 317: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 293: 292: 286: 285: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 261: 260: 254: 253: 247: 246: 235: 234: 233: 232: 213: 202: 201: 195: 194: 193: 192: 187: 178: 177: 171: 164: 163: 162: 161: 156: 153:Burmese-Bengal 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 127: 126: 118: 117: 106: 103: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7430: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7381: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7154:Miscellaneous 7151: 7145: 7144:Vegetarianism 7142: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6966:Buddha in art 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6620:United States 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6177:Padmasambhava 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6089:Major figures 6086: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6036: 6035:Western tulku 6033: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836:Five precepts 5834: 5833: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814:Dhamma vicaya 5812: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5582:Buddhābhiṣeka 5580: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5226:Enlightenment 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5216:Dhamma theory 5214: 5212: 5211:Buddha-nature 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5050:Samantabhadra 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4369: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4336: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4255: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4182:Isaacson 1998 4178: 4176: 4168: 4162: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4130: 4129: 4122: 4116:, p. 33. 4115: 4110: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4035: 4029: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3996: 3988: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3853:, p. 77. 3852: 3847: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3817:, p. 74. 3816: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3705: 3704:Isaacson 1998 3700: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3646: 3640:, p. 14. 3639: 3634: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3602: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3533:, p. 37. 3532: 3527: 3521:, p. 35. 3520: 3515: 3513: 3506:, p. 30. 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3461: 3460:Sutra Journal 3457: 3450: 3444:, p. 14. 3443: 3438: 3432:, p. 15. 3431: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3376:, p. 20. 3375: 3370: 3368: 3361:, p. 13. 3360: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3306:, p. 23. 3305: 3300: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3269: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3248: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3205:Sakya Pandita 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3122:Dudjom Tersar 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2929: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840:Yogaratnamālā 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2679:Padmasambhava 2677: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2643:Mañjuśrīmitra 2641: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2612:Guhya (c.729) 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2327: 2317: 2316:Samantabhadra 2312: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271:Vajrabhairava 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1808:Tibetan canon 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1757:, which is a 1756: 1755:buddha-nature 1752: 1748: 1747:buddha-nature 1744: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1662: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1616:vyākhyātantra 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1577: 1576: 1568: 1567: 1554: 1553: 1545: 1544: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1522:Buddhism and 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1498: 1497:Yogaratnamala 1494: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:transgressive 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1161:21. Histories 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1141:15. Yogachara 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1097:5. Avatamsaka 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1005: 1000: 998: 993: 991: 986: 985: 983: 982: 973: 970:14. Works of 967: 965: 961: 958: 956: 952: 949: 947: 943: 940: 936: 931: 927: 921: 917: 913: 912:7. Abhidharma 909: 908:6. Cittamatra 905: 901: 900:4. Madhyamaka 897: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 879: 877: 867: 866: 863: 860: 859: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832:Anuttarayoga) 831: 828: 825: 822: 821: 819: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 789: 788: 785: 782: 781: 777: 773: 772: 769: 766: 765: 755: 750: 748: 743: 741: 736: 735: 733: 732: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 713: 710: 709: 706: 703: 702: 696: 695: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 674: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 651: 650: 643: 640: 639: 636: 633: 632: 629: 626: 625: 622: 619: 618: 615: 612: 611: 608: 605: 604: 601: 598: 597: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 583: 580: 577: 576: 573:Tantric texts 570: 569: 562: 559: 557: 554: 553: 547: 546: 539: 536: 535: 532: 529: 528: 525: 522: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 508: 507: 503: 500: 499: 496: 493: 492: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 478: 477: 476: 474: 467: 464: 463: 460: 457: 456: 453: 450: 449: 446: 443: 442: 439: 436: 435: 434: 433: 427: 426:Outer Tantras 424: 423: 420: 419:Inner Tantras 417: 416: 415: 413: 406: 403: 402: 399: 396: 395: 392: 389: 388: 385: 382: 381: 380: 378: 373: 372: 370: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 336: 335: 328: 325: 324: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 306: 305: 298: 295: 294: 291: 288: 287: 284: 281: 280: 274: 273: 266: 263: 262: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 241: 240: 239: 238:New branches: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 196: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 180: 179: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 160: 157: 154: 151: 150: 148: 147: 146: 138: 137: 133: 129: 128: 125: 120: 119: 115: 111: 110: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 71: 67: 63: 56: 52: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7332:Bodhisattvas 7252:Christianity 7247:Baháʼí Faith 7112:Dharmachakra 7102:Prayer wheel 7092:Prayer beads 6860:Architecture 6739:969 Movement 6523:Saudi Arabia 6501:Central Asia 6494:South Africa 6316: 6299: 6232:Panchen Lama 6137:Buddhapālita 5733:Satipatthana 5728:Mindful Yoga 5641:Recollection 5555:Brahmavihara 5426:Japanese Zen 5421:Chinese Chan 5381:Animal realm 5188:Key concepts 5010:Bodhisattvas 4822:Three Jewels 4704: 4685: 4682:Webster, Sam 4673: 4661: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4606: 4587: 4584:Wayman, Alex 4565: 4552: 4548: 4522: 4503: 4477: 4472: 4457: 4452: 4444: 4439: 4431: 4426: 4414: 4409:, p. 4. 4402: 4392:, retrieved 4387: 4377: 4368: 4357:. Retrieved 4353: 4344: 4335: 4324:. Retrieved 4320: 4311: 4300:. Retrieved 4296: 4287: 4279: 4274: 4265: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4212: 4194: 4189: 4166: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4136: 4127: 4121: 4109: 4098:. Retrieved 4094: 4085: 4074:. Retrieved 4070: 4061: 4053: 4033: 4028: 4017:. Retrieved 4013: 4004: 3995: 3968: 3896:. Retrieved 3892: 3883: 3872:. Retrieved 3868: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3829:, p. 3. 3822: 3798: 3765: 3760:, p. 8. 3753: 3726: 3721:, p. 7. 3706:, p. 3. 3699: 3679: 3672: 3652: 3645: 3633: 3624: 3592: 3586: 3578: 3573: 3565: 3526: 3499: 3487: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3459: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3416: 3410: 3299: 3272: 3267: 3186: 3181: 3173: 3148: 3141:Mila Gnubum, 3140: 3130: 3114:Bardo Thödol 3071: 3061: 3039: 3025: 3021: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2976: 2965: 2959: 2944:vajracharyas 2940:Tang dynasty 2937: 2924: 2903:Vimalaprabhā 2876: 2872: 2857: 2850: 2839: 2821: 2793: 2786: 2773: 2762: 2759:Ānandagarbha 2743: 2736: 2732: 2719: 2699: 2693:Tattvasiddhi 2692: 2689:Śāntarakṣita 2682: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2628: 2579: 2564: 2543: 2540:Advayasiddhi 2539: 2533: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2501: 2466: 2461:Vikramashila 2440: 2431: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2393: 2384: 2370: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2321: 2298: 2066: 2046: 1984:buddhafields 1974: 1971:Yoga tantras 1929: 1905: 1901: 1817: 1804: 1772: 1762: 1740: 1732: 1718: 1714: 1706:Middle-Indic 1694: 1690: 1680: 1642: 1635: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1605: 1597: 1588: 1573: 1566:Kongōchō-kyō 1565: 1550: 1543:Dainichi-kyō 1542: 1527: 1517: 1501: 1496: 1489: 1462: 1455: 1419: 1396: 1393:Origin myths 1359:Tang dynasty 1344: 1342:scriptures. 1300: 1269: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1238: 1234:Gupta Period 1231: 1185:28. Doubtful 1102:6. Ratnakuta 890:Anuttarayoga 835:7. Pratantra 808:4. Ratnakuta 471: 470: 431: 430: 411: 409: 376: 374: 367: 366: 237: 236: 149:Ari-Acharya 144: 61: 60: 50: 7177:Dharma talk 7006:Asalha Puja 6802:Eschatology 6605:Switzerland 6585:New Zealand 6513:Middle East 6422:Philippines 6342:Afghanistan 6147:Bodhidharma 6132:Buddhaghosa 6052:Householder 5962:Monasticism 5915:Bodhisattva 5770:Prostration 5723:Mindfulness 5651:Anapanasati 5634:Kammaṭṭhāna 5431:Korean Seon 5371:Asura realm 5366:Human realm 5306:Ten Fetters 5261:Parinirvana 5163:Uppalavanna 5128:Mahākaccana 5113:Mahākassapa 5045:Kṣitigarbha 5040:Ākāśagarbha 4937:Suddhodāna 4882:Four sights 4809:Foundations 4495:Works cited 4150:CBETA 漢文大藏經 3827:Wayman 2008 3638:Wayman 2008 3304:Wayman 2008 3155:Karma Kagyu 3064:, found at 2956:Amoghavajra 2950:(637–735), 2721:Amṛtasiddhi 2669:Vimalamitra 2665:literature. 2634:Buddhaguhya 2598:Vajraghaṇṭā 2534:Jñānasiddhi 2519:Guhyasiddhi 2504:Tāranātha's 2489:mahasiddhas 2477:Vikramaśilā 2433:Sādhanamālā 2373:mahasiddhas 2362:Mani mantra 2332:Heart Sutra 2283:Vajrayogini 2264:Raktayamāri 2258:Kṛṣnayamāri 2099:and erotic 1988:Vajrasattva 1900:Tantra, or 1862:Sitātapatrā 1828:Heart Sutra 1795:subtle body 1674:Garbhadhātu 1637:Lotus Sutra 1458:Buddhaguhya 1401:in an iron 1320:subtle body 1247:Amoghavajra 1182:27. Ancient 1178:26. Siddham 930:12. Grammar 926:11. Pramana 904:5. Sutranta 724:Vajracharya 320:Bodhisattva 206:Inner Asian 181:East Asian 7407:Categories 7294:Psychology 7274:Gnosticism 7262:Comparison 7257:Influences 7239:Comparison 7122:Bhavacakra 7080:Kushinagar 7055:Pilgrimage 7001:Māgha Pūjā 6956:Bodhi Tree 6772:Buddhology 6762:Abhidharma 6754:Philosophy 6687:Menander I 6555:Costa Rica 6506:Uzbekistan 6347:Bangladesh 6301:Dhammapada 6285:Pali Canon 6247:Ajahn Chah 6227:Dalai Lama 6127:Kumārajīva 6122:Vasubandhu 6097:The Buddha 6005:Zen master 5940:Sakadagami 5920:Buddhahood 5851:Pratimokṣa 5666:Shikantaza 5622:Meditation 5597:Deity yoga 5468:Madhyamaka 5361:Deva realm 5256:Mindstream 5206:Bodhicitta 5118:Aṅgulimāla 4985:Devadatta 4961:Yaśodharā 4864:The Buddha 4854:Middle Way 4394:2024-03-25 4359:2024-03-21 4326:2024-03-26 4302:2024-03-26 4100:2024-03-20 4076:2024-03-21 4019:2024-03-21 3898:2024-03-20 3874:2024-03-22 3340:Hodge 2003 3238:References 3193:Tsongkhapa 2952:Vajrabodhi 2899:Kalachakra 2888:Maitrīpāda 2863:Ratnakīrti 2727:Hatha yoga 2653:(Tibetan: 2580:Pañcakrama 2530:Indrabhūti 2364:, and the 2069:karmamudrā 2062:Vajradhara 1878:Amoghapāśa 1855:Pañcarakṣā 1851:Mahāmāyūrī 1791:deity yoga 1751:luminosity 1572:, and the 1411:Indrabhūti 1340:Vidyāpīṭha 1328:antinomian 1324:Buddhahood 1312:deity yoga 1304:Yogatantra 1302:variously 1145:16. Sastra 1123:11. Vinaya 1118:10. Tantra 1107:7. Nirvana 951:Technology 862:2. Tengyur 843:9. Dharani 784:1. Kangyur 556:Ganachakra 531:Death yoga 524:Dream yoga 510:Inner heat 495:Deity yoga 398:Yogatantra 391:Charyayoga 327:Kalachakra 315:Buddhahood 290:Mahasiddha 141:Traditions 7362:Festivals 7342:Buddhists 7304:Theosophy 7107:Symbolism 7097:Hama yumi 7070:Bodh Gaya 6837:Socialism 6812:Evolution 6787:Economics 6625:Venezuela 6540:Australia 6535:Argentina 6459:Sri Lanka 6454:Singapore 6372:Indonesia 6334:Countries 6275:Tripiṭaka 6237:Ajahn Mun 6112:Nagarjuna 6107:Aśvaghoṣa 5990:Anagārika 5985:Śrāmaṇerī 5980:Śrāmaṇera 5975:Bhikkhunī 5935:Sotāpanna 5824:Passaddhi 5765:Offerings 5740:Nekkhamma 5617:Iddhipada 5537:Practices 5507:Theravada 5480:Vajrayana 5473:Yogachara 5443:Pure Land 5356:Six Paths 5343:Cosmology 5123:Anuruddha 5098:Sāriputta 5088:Kaundinya 5080:Disciples 5055:Vajrapāṇi 4907:Footprint 4872:Tathāgata 4586:(2008) . 4114:Gray 2023 4056:, vol. I. 3851:Gray 2023 3839:Gray 2023 3815:Gray 2023 3770:Gray 2023 3758:Gray 2023 3746:Gray 2023 3731:Gray 2023 3719:Gray 2023 3601:cite book 3531:Gray 2023 3519:Gray 2023 3504:Gray 2023 3492:Gray 2023 3442:Gray 2023 3430:Gray 2023 3389:Gray 2023 3359:Gray 2023 3243:Citations 3163:Mahamudra 3094:Menngagde 2873:Muktāvalī 2710:Jñānapāda 2394:Dohakośa. 2386:Caryapāda 2381:caryāgīti 2300:Caryapāda 2243:Kurukullā 2160:Yoginīs). 2109:gaṇacakra 2054:Vairocana 1936:Vajrapāṇi 1932:Vairocana 1787:ganacakra 1779:abhisheka 1743:emptiness 1731:. As the 1721:mahasukha 1710:Apabraṃśa 1415:Vajrapani 1399:Nāgārjuna 1387:Vajrayana 1082:2. Jataka 923:10. Lekha 920:9. Jataka 916:8. Vinaya 876:2. Tantra 818:6. Tantra 796:1. Vinaya 550:Festivals 502:Six yogas 488:Guru yoga 384:Kriyayoga 339:Practices 66:Vajrayāna 51:Vajravali 40:Vajrayana 7380:Category 7309:Violence 7279:Hinduism 7227:Sanskrit 7182:Hinayana 7167:Amitābha 7127:Swastika 6996:Uposatha 6986:Holidays 6971:Calendar 6817:Humanism 6655:Kanishka 6645:Timeline 6469:Thailand 6437:Kalmykia 6432:Buryatia 6417:Pakistan 6402:Mongolia 6397:Maldives 6392:Malaysia 6357:Cambodia 6222:Shamarpa 6217:Nichiren 6167:Xuanzang 6102:Nagasena 6020:Rinpoche 5750:Pāramitā 5592:Devotion 5512:Navayana 5500:Dzogchen 5463:Nichiren 5411:Mahayana 5403:Branches 5281:Saṅkhāra 5030:Mañjuśrī 4987:(cousin) 4979:(cousin) 4947:(mother) 4939:(father) 4927:Miracles 4877:Birthday 4794:Glossary 4767:Buddhism 4684:(2021). 4672:(1987). 4559:: 23–49. 3627:. Brill. 3327:, ch. 7. 3215:See also 3159:Karmapas 3137:Milarepa 3124:and the 3100:and the 3078:Dzogchen 3066:Dunhuang 2989:school. 2964:and the 2783:Devapāla 2647:Dzogchen 2586:Śabaripa 2542:and the 2481:Somapura 2391:Saraha's 2350:and the 2249:Mahākāla 2156:Vārāhī). 2050:Akṣobhya 1996:mandalas 1981:mandalic 1775:mandalas 1759:non-dual 1702:Pāṇinean 1698:Sanskrit 1627:Dhāraṇīs 1509:upadesha 1473:Mahayoga 1423:Mahākāla 1379:Mongolia 1308:Mahayoga 1073:Ekottara 1068:Samyukta 1063:Madhyama 1051:1. Agama 1045:Sections 1038:Sections 960:Politics 946:Medicine 873:1. Stava 812:5. Sutra 538:Sex yoga 283:Tantrism 215:Altaic ( 199:Nepalese 190:Japanese 114:a series 112:Part of 105:Overview 91:Sanskrit 85:) odes ( 79:sādhanas 75:upadeśas 7357:Temples 7337:Buddhas 7299:Science 7289:Judaism 7284:Jainism 7202:Lineage 7162:Abhijñā 7132:Thangka 7075:Sarnath 7060:Lumbini 6981:Funeral 6976:Cuisine 6852:Culture 6827:Reality 6777:Creator 6767:Atomism 6637:History 6610:Ukraine 6570:Germany 6489:Senegal 6479:Vietnam 6407:Myanmar 6207:Shinran 6197:Karmapa 6172:Shandao 6142:Dignāga 6067:Śrāvaka 6047:Donchee 6042:Kappiya 6000:Sayadaw 5970:Bhikkhu 5945:Anāgāmi 5902:Nirvana 5868:Samadhi 5755:Paritta 5696:Tonglen 5691:Mandala 5646:Smarana 5627:Mantras 5575:Upekkha 5545:Bhavana 5495:Shingon 5448:Tiantai 5301:Tathātā 5291:Śūnyatā 5286:Skandha 5276:Saṃsāra 5271:Rebirth 5246:Kleshas 5236:Indriya 5138:Subhūti 5023:Guanyin 4977:Ānanda 4969:Rāhula 4849:Nirvana 4789:Outline 4390:, Brill 4145:大正新脩大藏經 3209:Dolpopa 3187:In the 3167:Karmapa 3145:Gampopa 3110:tertons 3074:Nyingma 2987:Shingon 2842:on the 2600:(c.681) 2594:(c.669) 2588:(c.657) 2493:Kashmir 2485:yoginis 2473:Nālandā 2469:pandits 2425:stotras 2339:), the 2277:Ekajaṭa 2177:Caṇḍālī 2101:dakinis 2097:herukas 2064:-kula. 2056:-kula, 2052:-kula, 1992:Mantras 1677:maṇḍala 1650:Tengyur 1620:sadhana 1520:Shingon 1505:namtars 1481:Atiyoga 1477:Anuyoga 1469:Nyingma 1407:Oḍiyāna 1371:Shingon 1336:alcohol 1316:mantras 1280:yakshas 1259:dhāraṇī 1015:History 935:Science 870:Tengyur 792:Kangyur 687:Yab-Yum 481:Ngöndro 459:Thangka 438:Mandala 309:Pursuit 277:History 225:b, t, k 211:Tibetan 185:Chinese 99:Chinese 95:Tibetan 7352:Sutras 7347:Suttas 7212:Siddhi 7197:Koliya 7172:Brahmā 7087:Poetry 7033:Mantra 7023:Kasaya 6895:Pagoda 6875:Kyaung 6870:Vihāra 6865:Temple 6807:Ethics 6650:Ashoka 6600:Sweden 6595:Poland 6590:Norway 6580:Mexico 6565:France 6550:Canada 6545:Brazil 6484:Africa 6464:Taiwan 6427:Russia 6352:Bhutan 6312:Vinaya 6192:Naropa 6182:Saraha 6117:Asanga 5873:Prajñā 5782:Refuge 5745:Nianfo 5706:Tertön 5701:Tantra 5686:Ganana 5676:Tukdam 5602:Dhyāna 5570:Mudita 5565:Karuṇā 5458:Risshū 5453:Huayan 5386:Naraka 5326:Anattā 5321:Dukkha 5316:Anicca 5221:Dharma 5173:Channa 5108:Ānanda 5093:Assaji 5060:Skanda 4963:(wife) 4932:Family 4912:Relics 4837:Sangha 4832:Dharma 4827:Buddha 4692: 4613: 4594: 4572: 4529: 4510: 4484: 4464: 4245: 3983: 3687: 3660: 3287: 3201:Jonang 3090:Longde 3030:Garbha 3010:Saicho 3006:Tendai 2979:Huiguo 2772:, the 2716:Virūpa 2624:Nāropā 2619:Tilopa 2570:Saraha 2546:Sahaja 2487:, and 2410:Naropa 2406:Tilopa 2398:Saraha 2346:, the 2285:Tantra 2279:Tantra 2273:Tantra 2269:Great 2266:Tantra 2260:Tantra 2251:Tantra 2233:Varahi 2202:Tilaka 2173:cakras 2093:Shakta 2089:Shaiva 2058:Heruka 2000:mudras 1820:vidyās 1749:, and 1646:Kanjur 1610:, and 1608:stotra 1601:ritual 1549:, the 1479:, and 1409:named 1363:Tangmi 1265:Yijing 1058:Dirgha 964:Ethics 893:Other) 881:(Kriya 823:(Kriya 719:Samaya 677:Phurba 670:Melong 665:Ghanta 660:Damaru 466:Yantra 445:Mantra 362:Tukdam 297:Sahaja 159:Yunnan 97:, and 87:stotra 70:Sūtras 36:Tantra 7324:Lists 7192:Kalpa 7187:Iddhi 7050:Music 7045:Mudra 7011:Vassa 6991:Vesak 6961:Budai 6907:Candi 6890:Stupa 6822:Logic 6575:Italy 6474:Tibet 6412:Nepal 6382:Korea 6377:Japan 6367:India 6362:China 6307:Sutra 6262:Texts 6212:Dōgen 6202:Hōnen 6187:Atiśa 6152:Zhiyi 6062:Achar 6030:Tulku 6025:Geshe 6010:Rōshi 5995:Ajahn 5950:Arhat 5910:Bodhi 5880:Vīrya 5797:Sacca 5792:Satya 5787:Sādhu 5775:Music 5718:Merit 5711:Terma 5671:Zazen 5607:Faith 5560:Mettā 5241:Karma 5201:Bardo 5168:Asita 5158:Khema 5148:Upāli 5133:Nanda 4971:(son) 4945:Māyā 4922:Films 4799:Index 4545:(PDF) 4230:JSTOR 4052:, in 3197:Sakya 3189:Gelug 3133:Kagyu 3106:Terma 3082:Semde 3058:Semde 3042:Tibet 3018:Annen 3014:Ennin 2991:Kūkai 2983:Kūkai 2663:Semde 2592:Luipa 2574:dohas 2402:Luīpa 2150:Śaiva 2081:taboo 1958:Acala 1940:Acala 1513:Terma 1433:Texts 1427:Shiva 1403:stupa 1383:Tibet 1375:Nepal 1367:Kukai 1351:Nepal 1347:Tibet 1292:Śakta 1288:Śaiva 1284:nāgas 1276:Śakta 1272:Śaiva 972:Atisa 884:Carya 826:Carya 682:Vajra 452:Mudra 357:Phowa 83:dohās 7222:Pāḷi 7207:Māra 7117:Flag 6518:Iran 6442:Tuva 6387:Laos 6015:Lama 5863:Śīla 5831:Śīla 5819:Pīti 5809:Sati 5760:Puja 5681:Koan 5587:Dāna 5178:Yasa 5065:Tārā 4690:ISBN 4611:ISBN 4592:ISBN 4570:ISBN 4527:ISBN 4508:ISBN 4482:ISBN 4462:ISBN 4243:ISBN 3981:ISBN 3685:ISBN 3658:ISBN 3607:link 3285:ISBN 3207:and 3131:The 3072:The 3016:and 3004:The 2479:and 2389:and 2377:dohā 2091:and 1998:and 1977:yoga 1938:and 1913:Tārā 1898:Tārā 1826:The 1783:homa 1672:The 1612:doha 1582:蘇悉地経 1559:金剛頂経 1463:The 1381:and 1349:and 1330:and 1290:and 1282:and 1274:and 962:and 955:Arts 953:and 939:Arts 937:and 933:13. 887:Yoga 829:Yoga 473:Yoga 6944:Art 6880:Wat 5416:Zen 3973:doi 3277:doi 3184:). 3178:Tib 2499:). 2420:). 2071:), 1536:大日経 77:), 7409:: 6446:ru 4555:. 4553:II 4551:. 4547:. 4386:, 4352:. 4319:. 4295:. 4253:^ 4202:^ 4174:^ 4093:. 4069:. 4041:^ 4012:. 3979:. 3907:^ 3891:. 3867:. 3807:^ 3777:^ 3738:^ 3711:^ 3615:^ 3603:}} 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