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I was grossly over-trained. I was just anxious to get out there and fly. I felt very comfortable ... It got so cold my teeth were chattering and I was shivering, but that was a very minor thing. ... I'd been told of the quiet vacuum you experience in space, but with three radio links saying, 'How's
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magazine article about the MMU photo, McCandless is quoted as saying that the subject's anonymity is its best feature. "I have the sun visor down, so you can't see my face, and that means it could be anybody in there. It's sort of a representation not of Bruce McCandless, but mankind."
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in the event that the array could not be deployed through ground control. The array eventually came free and unfurled through ground control, while McCandless and
Sullivan were pre-breathing inside the partially depressurized airlock.
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your oxygen holding out?', 'Stay away from the engines!' and 'When's my turn?', it wasn't that peaceful ... It was a wonderful feeling, a mix of personal elation and professional pride: it had taken many years to get to that point.
1817:
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During the deployment of Hubble, one of the observatory's solar arrays stopped as it unfurled. While ground controllers searched for a way to command HST to unreel the solar array, Mission
Specialists McCandless and
617:. Notably, McCandless was a co-investigator on the M-509 astronaut maneuvering unit experiment that was flown on Skylab; this eventually led to his collaboration on the development of the
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flight, launched on April 24, 1990, from the
Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the crew deployed the Hubble Space Telescope from their record-setting altitude of 380 miles (610 km).
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736:(MFR). McCandless made the first untethered free flight on each of the two MMUs carried on board, thereby becoming the first person to make an untethered
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The iconic photo of Bruce soaring effortlessly in space has inspired generations of
Americans to believe that there is no limit to the human potential.
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McCandless died on
December 21, 2017, at age 80. He was survived by his second wife, Ellen Shields McCandless, two children and two grandchildren.
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groups) by NASA due to their substantial scientific experience, an implicit reflection of their lack of the test pilot experience highly valued by
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McCandless was married to
Bernice Doyle McCandless (1937–2014) for 53 years, and the couple had two children. His recreational interests included
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McCandless' son, author Bruce McCandless III, wrote about the journey leading to the first untethered spacewalk in the 2021 book
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Wonders All Around: The
Incredible True Story of Astronaut Bruce McCandless II and the First Untethered Flight in Space.
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Wonders All Around: The
Incredible True Story of Astronaut Bruce McCandless II and the First Untethered Flight in Space
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McCandless logged over 312 hours in space, including four hours of MMU flight time. He flew as a mission specialist on
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625:. Although he was classified as a Shuttle pilot until 1983, McCandless ultimately chose to work on the MMU as a
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due to the prestige of the program (which ensured a flight assignment) and his lack of test pilot experience.
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and named it after him. This honored him as an esteemed employee of the company, and also the fact that the
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and other NASA managers at the time; this would ultimately delay their progression in the flight rotation.
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The last of NASA's original pilot astronauts : expanding the space frontier in the late sixties
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recipients. His mother changed his name on June 6, 1938, to Bruce McCandless II. He graduated from
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1367:"BRUCE MCCANDLESS, CAPCOM FOR APOLLO 11, VISITS KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, DISCUSSES HISTORIC MISSION"
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1626:. Los Angeles, California. Associated Press. May 1, 2005. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.
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550:) in April 1966. According to space historian Matthew Hersch, McCandless and Group 5 colleague
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used the MMU) lasted 5 hours and 55 minutes. On
February 11, 1984, after eight days in orbit,
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for unauthorized use of a photo of his 1984 space flight for the album art of her 2008 album
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program, where he received his first crew assignment as backup pilot for the space station's
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1416:"UNTETHERED: HUMANITY'S FIRST FREE FLYING ASTRONAUT, BRUCE MCCANDLESS, PASSES AWAY AGED 80"
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were "effectively treated ... as scientist-astronauts" (akin to those selected in the
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He was responsible for crew inputs to the development of hardware and procedures for the
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mission, on which he doubled as a CAPCOM. Thereafter, McCandless was reassigned to the
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1548:. American Astronomical Society - Rocky Mountain Section. p. 6. Archived from
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1030:, which showed McCandless "free flying" about 320 feet away from the Space Shuttle
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Between
December 1960 and February 1964, he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 102 (
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1608:. Louisville, Kentucky. September 11, 1995. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
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729:, and flight-tested rendezvous sensors and computer programs for the first time.
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323:, Massachusetts. A third-generation U.S. Navy officer, McCandless was the son of
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1982:
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1543:"Hubble Servicing Challenges Drive Innovation of Shuttle Rendezvous Techniques"
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McCandless's first EVA lasted 6 hours and 17 minutes. The second EVA (in which
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as defendants, did not allege copyright infringement but infringement of his
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1767:, Case No. CV10-7323-RGK (C.D. Cal.) (Docket No. 4 , filed January 14, 2011)
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On September 30, 2010, McCandless launched a lawsuit against British singer
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1502:"Astronaut Bruce McCandless, the first person to fly freely in space, dies"
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Following his commissioning, McCandless received flight training from the
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1795:"Bruce McCandless, First Astronaut to Fly Untethered in Space, Has Died"
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spacewalk was facilitated by the jetpack developed by Lockheed Martin.
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1389:"Bruce McCandless, First Astronaut to Fly Freely in Space, Dies at 80"
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He logged more than 5,200 hours flying time, including 5,000 hours in
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1937:
1576:""More Favored than the Birds": The Manned Maneuvering Unit in Space"
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1328:. High Point, North Carolina. p. 2A – via Newspapers.com.
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At the age of 28, McCandless was selected as the youngest member of
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1748:"Astronaut McCandless Sues Singer Dido Over 'Free Flying' Photo"
1718:"Astronaut McCandless Sues Singer Dido Over 'Free Flying' Photo"
1818:"Bruce McCandless, 80, first person to fly untethered in space"
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for the design of a tool tethering system that was used during
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1211:"The first human to make an untethered, free flight spacewalk"
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made the first landing on the runway at Kennedy Space Center.
465:
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609:. Following this assignment, he again served as a CAPCOM on
1620:"Hall of Fame Inducts McCandless, 1st Untethered Astronaut"
293:
1802:
1689:
495:, McDonnell Douglas F-4B Phantom II, Douglas F4D Skyray,
487:
During Naval service he gained flying proficiency in the
280:; June 8, 1937 – December 21, 2017) was an American
2261:
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After retiring from NASA in 1990, McCandless worked for
725:, Florida, on February 3, 1984. The flight deployed two
1046:. The action was settled amicably on January 14, 2011.
577:
during the launch and during the first lunar moonwalk (
424:
for weapons system and carrier landing training in the
732:
This mission marked the first checkout of the MMU and
365:. During his professional career, he also received an
2954:
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
460:
For three months in early 1964, he was an instrument
319:
Byron Willis McCandless was born on June 8, 1937, in
1106:
2969:
Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery
844:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
589:before joining the astronaut support crew for the
838:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2944:Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal
2855:
1754:. October 2, 2010 – via www.bloomberg.com.
484:for graduate studies in electrical engineering.
1894:NASA Astronaut Group 5, "The Original 19", 1966
2879:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
1471:"NASA Remembers Astronaut Bruce McCandless II"
1436:
1167:
921:NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal
453:, including the latter's participation in the
2247:
2212:List of United States Marine Corps astronauts
2032:
1878:
1765:McCandless v. Sony Music Entertainment et al.
1541:Goodman, John L.; Walker, Stephen R. (2009).
1034:. The lawsuit, which also named Sony Corp.'s
546:(jokingly labeled the "Original Nineteen" by
2217:List of United States Space Force astronauts
1815:
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303:missions, he completed the first untethered
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1437:Shayler, David J.; Burgess, Colin (2017).
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1049:McCandless wrote the foreword to the book
31:
16:American aviator and astronaut (1937–2017)
1847:Astronautix biography of Bruce McCandless
1473:. NASA. December 22, 2017. Archived from
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1674:, August 2005; Retrieved October 9, 2010
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2919:University of Houston–Clear Lake alumni
2904:American people of Scotch-Irish descent
2202:List of astronauts by year of selection
1792:
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361:, in a class of 899 that also included
299:. In 1984, during the first of his two
2856:
1716:Pettersson, Edvard (October 2, 2010).
1573:
1338:
1225:
1186:
1156:
2934:Military personnel from Massachusetts
2235:
2020:
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1852:McCandless at Encyclopedia of Science
1413:
478:Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps
388:
2833:Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex
2263:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame
1793:Russell, Lewis (December 22, 2017).
1640:. Dignity Memorial. January 14, 2014
1369:. Spaceflight Insider. July 21, 2014
1286:"Bruce McCandless II NASA Biography"
1213:. New Mexico Museum of Space History
1061:United States Naval Academy Cemetery
957:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame
939:National Air and Space Museum Trophy
875:
571:mission control capsule communicator
92:United States Naval Academy Cemetery
2959:Wilson Classical High School alumni
915:Defense Distinguished Service Medal
850:Association for Computing Machinery
416:In March 1960, he was designated a
354:, graduating second, behind future
13:
2989:Military personnel from California
2909:United States Naval Academy alumni
2899:People from Long Beach, California
1816:Matt Stevens (December 25, 2017).
1602:"Kentucky Astronaut to be Honored"
1594:
1414:Rhian, Jason (December 22, 2017).
1320:Thompson, Ronald (April 5, 1966).
1063:at Annapolis on January 16, 2018.
785:began preparing for a contingency
14:
3000:
2939:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1905:← NASA Astronaut Group 5 →
1857:Bruce McCandless famous spacewalk
1840:
437:McDonnell Douglas F-4B Phantom II
337:Woodrow Wilson Senior High School
2979:Space Shuttle program astronauts
1693:. March 10, 2010. Archived from
1342:Inventing the American Astronaut
1301:
1123:
1109:
974:
951:International Space Hall of Fame
894:Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
819:
740:. He described the experience:
689:
677:
621:(MMU) used during Space Shuttle
534:McCandless as capcom during the
383:University of Houston–Clear Lake
251:
246:
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1441:. Cham: Springer. p. 318.
983:Bruce McCandless, February 2009
927:National Aeronautic Association
1820:. Boston Globe. Archived from
1430:
1407:
1381:
1359:
1339:Hersch, M. (October 8, 2012).
1332:
1313:
1172:. Greenleaf Book Group Press.
1168:McCandless III, Bruce (2021).
900:American Astronautical Society
888:National Defense Service Medal
882:NASA Exceptional Service Medal
866:American Astronautical Society
525:
1:
2894:American electrical engineers
2874:United States Navy astronauts
2207:Astronaut ranks and positions
1638:"Bernice McCandless Obituary"
1149:
1059:McCandless was buried at the
833:United States Naval Institute
814:Lockheed Martin Space Systems
807:
435:), flying the Skyray and the
2929:United States Naval Aviators
868:and former president of the
825:United States Naval Academy
642:Solar Maximum Repair Mission
489:Lockheed T-33B Shooting Star
407:Naval Air Station Kingsville
7:
2974:American flight instructors
2924:United States Navy officers
2889:Aviators from Massachusetts
1528:"McCandless EVA experience"
1322:"19 New Spacemen Are Named"
1139:List of spaceflight records
1102:
1053:by Dwight Steven-Boniecki.
662:
646:International Space Station
601:alongside backup commander
476:, and then reported to the
418:United States Naval Aviator
399:Naval Air Station Pensacola
352:United States Naval Academy
102:United States Naval Academy
10:
3005:
2914:Stanford University alumni
764:
734:Manipulator Foot Restraint
666:
422:Naval Air Station Key West
395:Naval Air Training Command
2964:Engineers from California
2949:Collier Trophy recipients
2825:
2269:
2194:
2063:
2016:
1913:
1900:
1664:December 3, 2013, at the
1355:– via Google Books.
1326:The High Point Enterprise
1072:
760:
727:communications satellites
605:and backup science pilot
356:National Security Advisor
267:
259:
240:
226:
216:
203:
193:
183:
169:
162:
155:
147:
130:
97:
87:
68:
42:
30:
23:
1685:"Dido sued by astronaut"
1036:Sony Music Entertainment
855:National Audubon Society
470:Naval Air Station Oceana
315:Early life and education
2432:Frank L. Culbertson Jr.
1859:NASA channel on YouTube
1093:McCandless Lunar Lander
936:Smithsonian Institution
909:NASA Space Flight Medal
698:Manned Maneuvering Unit
619:Manned Maneuvering Unit
509:Beechcraft T-34B Mentor
464:in Attack Squadron 43 (
346:In 1958, he received a
309:Manned Maneuvering Unit
278:Byron Willis McCandless
47:Byron Willis McCandless
1907:NASA Astronaut Group 6
1903:NASA Astronaut Group 4
1391:. Time. Archived from
1144:The Astronaut Monument
1086:
984:
798:Edwards Air Force Base
747:
638:Hubble Space Telescope
544:NASA Astronaut Group 5
539:
371:electrical engineering
341:Long Beach, California
2607:Michael LĂłpez-AlegrĂa
2507:Richard F. Gordon Jr.
2050:NASA Astronaut Groups
1803:National Public Radio
1418:. Spaceflight Insider
1291:. NASA. December 2017
1082:
982:
905:Award (1975 and 1985)
804:, on April 29, 1990.
742:
696:McCandless using the
533:
439:. He saw duty aboard
120:University of Houston
63:, Massachusetts, U.S.
2838:NASA Astronaut Corps
2512:Frederick D. Gregory
2472:Christopher Ferguson
2055:NASA Astronaut Corps
1824:on December 27, 2017
1776:2014, Apogee Books,
1477:on December 24, 2017
1395:on December 23, 2017
1091:later developed the
1005:cross-country skiing
723:Kennedy Space Center
634:Inertial Upper Stage
599:first crewed mission
505:Lockheed T-1 Seastar
493:Northrop T-38A Talon
455:Cuban Missile Crisis
426:Douglas F4D-1 Skyray
2787:Kathryn C. Thornton
2772:Kathryn D. Sullivan
2687:Charles J. Precourt
2677:Scott E. Parazynski
2637:Bruce McCandless II
2482:C. Gordon Fullerton
2387:Franklin Chang-DĂaz
2342:Daniel Brandenstein
1606:The Courier-Journal
1508:. December 23, 2017
783:Kathryn D. Sullivan
482:Stanford University
375:Stanford University
290:electrical engineer
274:Bruce McCandless II
198:NASA Group 5 (1966)
111:Stanford University
25:Bruce McCandless II
2884:People from Boston
2767:Thomas P. Stafford
2572:Thomas David Jones
2557:Jeffrey A. Hoffman
1728:on October 4, 2010
1574:Millbrooke, Anne.
1131:Spaceflight portal
1051:Live TV from Orbit
1010:In an August 2005
1003:. He also enjoyed
985:
827:Alumni Association
706:, photographed by
684:McCandless in 1982
627:mission specialist
540:
501:Grumman F9F Cougar
497:Grumman F11F Tiger
389:United States Navy
82:, California, U.S.
37:McCandless in 1971
2851:
2850:
2722:Rusty Schweickart
2672:Bryan D. O'Connor
2522:John M. Grunsfeld
2437:Walter Cunningham
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
1624:Los Angeles Times
963:He was awarded a
903:Victor A. Prather
876:Awards and honors
872:Audubon Society.
771:On this five-day
603:Rusty Schweickart
462:flight instructor
420:and proceeded to
329:Willis W. Bradley
271:
270:
72:December 21, 2017
2996:
2792:Richard H. Truly
2752:William Shepherd
2742:Brewster H. Shaw
2717:Harrison Schmitt
2592:Joseph P. Kerwin
2577:Janet L. Kavandi
2552:David C. Hilmers
2532:Henry Hartsfield
2497:Robert L. Gibson
2452:Bonnie J. Dunbar
2422:Richard O. Covey
2392:Kevin P. Chilton
2382:Roger B. Chaffee
2362:Robert D. Cabana
2256:
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2018:
2017:
1978:Bruce McCandless
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1782:978-1926837-28-4
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1724:. Archived from
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1704:
1702:
1697:on July 14, 2011
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1580:History.NASA.gov
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1531:
1530:. spacefacts.de.
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140:Ellen Shields
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88:Resting place
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2984:Spacewalkers
2777:Jack Swigert
2762:Deke Slayton
2747:Alan Shepard
2702:Stuart Roosa
2636:
2567:Marsha Ivins
2467:Ronald Evans
2447:Charles Duke
2357:James Buchli
2352:Curtis Brown
2332:Ken Bowersox
2327:Frank Borman
2287:Scott Altman
1998:Jack Swigert
1993:Stuart Roosa
1977:
1943:Ronald Evans
1933:Charles Duke
1828:December 27,
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1811:
1798:
1788:
1772:
1764:
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1751:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1722:BusinessWeek
1721:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
1688:
1679:
1669:
1654:
1644:December 27,
1642:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1579:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1536:
1522:
1512:December 24,
1510:. Retrieved
1506:The Guardian
1505:
1481:December 23,
1479:. Retrieved
1475:the original
1465:
1438:
1432:
1422:December 23,
1420:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:December 23,
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1383:
1373:December 23,
1371:. Retrieved
1361:
1345:. Springer.
1341:
1334:
1325:
1315:
1293:. Retrieved
1217:December 23,
1215:. Retrieved
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1040:Getty Images
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997:scuba diving
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971:spacewalks.
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631:
573:(CAPCOM) on
568:
564:Deke Slayton
541:
520:jet aircraft
517:
486:
459:
449:
442:
430:
415:
392:
345:
318:
284:officer and
277:
273:
272:
157:Space career
156:
74:(2017-12-21)
57:June 8, 1937
18:
2869:2017 deaths
2864:1937 births
2737:Rhea Seddon
2732:David Scott
2727:Dick Scobee
2667:Ellen Ochoa
2612:Jack Lousma
2587:Scott Kelly
2562:James Irwin
2547:Susan Helms
2517:Gus Grissom
2442:Brian Duffy
2412:Pete Conrad
2377:Gene Cernan
2372:Gerald Carr
2277:Buzz Aldrin
1968:Jack Lousma
1958:James Irwin
1928:Gerald Carr
1918:Vance Brand
1671:Smithsonian
1078:John McCain
1013:Smithsonian
993:photography
989:electronics
587:Buzz Aldrin
552:Don L. Lind
526:NASA career
363:John McCain
343:, in 1954.
80:Los Angeles
2858:Categories
2817:John Young
2692:Sally Ride
2617:Jim Lovell
2582:Mark Kelly
2527:Fred Haise
2502:John Glenn
2003:Paul Weitz
1953:Fred Haise
1732:October 4,
1701:October 4,
1150:References
1032:Challenger
808:After NASA
802:California
796:landed at
755:Challenger
718:Challenger
644:, and the
511:, and the
450:Enterprise
260:Retirement
189:13d 0h 31m
53:1937-06-08
2843:Astronaut
2462:Joe Engle
2302:Alan Bean
1938:Joe Engle
1923:John Bull
1659:Footloose
1457:990337270
1295:April 14,
860:He was a
794:Discovery
787:spacewalk
774:Discovery
738:spacewalk
648:program.
591:Apollo 14
575:Apollo 11
536:Apollo 11
448:USS
443:Forrestal
441:USS
385:in 1987.
381:from the
350:from the
305:spacewalk
297:astronaut
194:Selection
98:Education
2807:Ed White
1963:Don Lind
1662:Archived
1586:July 31,
1559:July 20,
1103:See also
703:STS-41-B
669:STS-41-B
663:STS-41-B
653:STS-41-B
615:Skylab 4
611:Skylab 3
480:unit at
474:Virginia
231:STS-41-B
227:Missions
148:Children
2826:Related
2270:Members
2195:Related
1799:NPR.org
1044:persona
870:Houston
864:of the
751:Stewart
636:(IUS),
513:Bell 47
403:Florida
331:, both
286:aviator
222:12h 12m
174:Captain
131:Spouses
2064:Groups
1780:
1582:. NASA
1455:
1445:
1349:
1176:
1073:Legacy
1001:flying
999:, and
965:patent
959:(2005)
953:(1995)
947:(1988)
941:(1985)
932:(1984)
923:(1985)
917:(1985)
911:(1984)
896:(1974)
890:(1974)
884:(1974)
862:fellow
846:(AIAA)
840:(IEEE)
767:STS-31
761:STS-31
657:STS-31
640:, the
595:Skylab
556:fourth
507:, and
433:VF-102
405:, and
379:M.B.A.
321:Boston
292:, and
276:(born
235:STS-31
205:Total
61:Boston
1553:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
581:) by
560:sixth
468:) at
466:VA-43
411:Texas
373:from
1830:2017
1778:ISBN
1734:2010
1703:2010
1646:2017
1588:2020
1561:2013
1514:2017
1483:2017
1453:OCLC
1443:ISBN
1424:2017
1401:2017
1375:2017
1347:ISBN
1297:2021
1219:2017
1174:ISBN
1038:and
1022:Dido
655:and
623:EVAs
613:and
585:and
558:and
446:and
367:M.S.
348:B.S.
294:NASA
282:Navy
207:EVAs
170:Rank
69:Died
43:Born
1690:MSN
1097:MMU
579:EVA
538:EVA
397:at
369:in
178:USN
124:MBA
2860::
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1007:.
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176:,
115:MS
106:BS
2255:e
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