1230:
1065:
57:
1211:
38:
1158:
1003:
1084:
1018:
The Class 323s were initially beset with a number of technical problems related to their traction motors, doors, traction converters, gearbox and vibration at high speed which took several years to resolve, preventing them from entering service. The first unit finally entered revenue-earning service
873:
The units are known for their rapid acceleration, being the fastest accelerating trains on the UK rail network, and also for the distinctive whining sounds that can be heard during acceleration or deceleration. These sounds are generated by the traction electronics. They were also among the first
1339:
These works involved the replacement of seat covers, interior and exterior repainting (into the new livery of their respective operators), the installation of a new passenger information system and wheelchair call-for-aid buttons, and the addition of an accessible toilet in place of the original
1031:
electric units, were drafted in to operate Cross-City Line services until the problems were resolved. Electric services began on 26 November 1992 on the northern section of the Cross-City Line, before the entire route was energised in June the following year. The 323s became reliable enough to
1787:
1290:
The 17 West
Midlands Railway units to be transferred to Northern once the Class 730s enter service, started to receive "digital modifications" in 2023. The first of these trains (323208) was transferred to Northern in October 2023.
1772:
The regenerative system is the primary brake for the train in normal operation, blended with the friction brakes as required. Emergency braking uses the friction brakes alone, at a force 30% above the normal 'full service'
1331:
Class 323s operated by both
Northern Trains and West Midlands Railway received a full refurbishment between 2018 and 2021, with the first refurbished units delivered to West Midlands Railway in February 2019, and the first
968:
The units are known for a distinctive whine made during acceleration or deceleration, rising/falling through multiple phases falsely suggestive of a motor connected to a gearbox with a great many ratios, caused by use of a
1741:
The Alstom IGBT system delivers improved reliability, though – in order to avoid the need for expensive recertification – it is configured to emulate as exactly as possible the control and
1340:
small toilet cubicles, among other modifications. The last Class 323 unit to be refurbished (323224) returned to
Northern Trains on 23 January 2021, while the last West Midlands Railway 323 unit was returned in 2020.
2612:
1255:
At the time of the privatisation of
British Rail, the Regional Railways North West franchise was re-branded North Western Trains, and it inherited 17 of these units (323223–323239). North Western Trains became
2906:
914:(at that time a Birmingham-based train builder). It won the contract in competition with six other European train builders. The trains were designed in Birmingham, but built and fitted out at the
2779:
2385:
2351:
2573:
2872:
925:
Initially 37 units were ordered, with the option for fourteen more. Eighteen would be needed for the Cross-City Line, while the remainder would replace older units (such as the
2749:
1796:, Table 1 'Chronology'. "Hunslet TPL (Engineering and Project Management) becomes Holec Ridderkerk (Birmingham) Limited, latterly Holec Ridderkerk UK Limited: 15 March 1994".
2008:
949:
applied to the government for fourteen units to add to those already on order. At the time, government spending on the railways was restricted due to the impending
707:
2827:
4852:
4837:
1688:
At the 2023 Gold
Spanner awards, the West Midlands Trains Class 323 fleet won a Silver spanner award for the "most improved Ex-BR EMU fleet over the past year".
2898:
977:
as part of the traction control circuitry that drives the three-phase AC motors, a common setup in the early-to-mid 1990s which is notably also present in the
2505:
1807:
1252:, although some of the latter were retained in reserve until 2000. They are used on the Manchester electrified network, primarily to the south of the city.
2849:
2444:
4847:
3279:
1370:. The train rolled approximately 4 feet away from the railhead and where it had ended up. No one was hurt in the accident as it occurred at a low speed.
671:
4842:
1713:
2775:
2603:
2470:
2090:
2802:
1011:
1115:
In mid-to-late 2019, a number of West
Midlands Trains' Class 323 units were used for an in-service pilot test of retrofitted Double Variable-Rate
2377:
2355:
2727:
2247:
933:); ultimately a total of 43 three-car units were actually built. When the electrification of the Leeds/Bradford – Skipton/Ilkley
2865:
Rail
Accident Report 33/2009: Collision and derailment of a passenger train at North Rode, between Macclesfield and Congleton, 18 December 2008
4883:
4888:
1283:
fleet, but this did not occur. Instead, the Class 323 fleet was retained – and was enlarged with a cascade of 17 units from
2581:
1131:
1076:
743:
411:
2863:
3270:
839:
and Holec. All 43 units were built from 1992 through to 1995, although mock-ups and prototypes were built and tested in 1990 and 1991.
1298:, with units terminating in Manchester stabled at Stockport Edgeley carriage sidings where they receive overnight cleaning as well as
4276:
4251:
1355:
On 18 December 2008, unit 323231 collided with a Nissan 4x4 which had rolled down the embankment from a delivery company car park at
866:, With the remaining 4 being in storage. In the first half of 2024 the West Midlands Railway units are planned to be replaced by new
4695:
4659:
2753:
1097:
inherited from
British Rail a fleet of 26 units in two blocks; 323201–323222 and 323240–323243. In November 2007, these passed to
1328:
As part of a refurbishment in the early 2000s, the Class 323 fleet received guard's door control panels in the trailer vehicles.
1175:
3162:
1624:
662:
4010:
3540:
3495:
3231:
2169:
1878:
1530:
1431:
323202–323203, 323205–323210, 323212–323213, 323217–323220, 323223–323239, 323241–323243
1336:
unit (323234) returning on 22 October 2019. The rest of fleet was refurbished to the same standard over the following years.
1237:
1222:
1108:
took over the West
Midlands franchise, and the 323s passed to that company. It is expected that they will be replaced by new
1072:
4700:
2213:
1592:
737:
1137:
To celebrate 30 years of operation of Soho Depot where the West
Midlands fleet is maintained, the West Midlands fleet had
1019:
on 7 February 1994. A mixed fleet of elderly diesels which the 323s had been intended to replace, as well as some elderly
718:
732:
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3370:
2428:
2309:
1857:
1197:
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4418:
4383:
4368:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4045:
4040:
3985:
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3455:
3450:
3375:
2497:
1815:
1756:
1566:
640:
2611:(6.2 ed.). London: Department for Transport. 22 December 2015. Schedule 1.7, Table 1, Note H (pp. 146, 150).
1967:
1759:(BREL) BT13 design. RFS Industries was formed in 1987 through a buy-out by former BREL managers of British Rail's
4832:
1144:
A farewell tour is planned for 29 September 2024 to mark the withdrawal from service of the West Midlands fleet.
1120:
3263:
2448:
1708:-based design, engineering, and project management functions – including responsibility for the
1608:
1317:
1179:
441:
382:
4261:
1994:
1584:
1041:
950:
847:
4805:
4241:
1743:
1616:
1600:
1494:
1468:
985:
so as not to overload the thyristor, which switches at lower frequencies than later implementations of the
436:
2474:
2156:
1575:
1503:
1675:
1667:
1633:
1557:
1512:
619:
2099:
3256:
2723:
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1651:
1548:
1539:
1521:
1486:
1459:
1123:. The test demonstrated that the new sanding equipment significantly improved braking performance in
426:
2098:(1A ed.). Derby: Porterbrook Leasing Company. November 2013. pp. 16, 19–20. Archived from
850:
in the mid-1990s. The units were designed to operate on inner-suburban commuter lines in and around
4770:
4710:
4598:
2278:
Plisner, Peter (17 April 2024). "A found farewell to Cross City stalwarts". Feature Rolling Stock.
2128:
1642:
986:
596:
581:
446:
953:
and eventually, when funding was not forthcoming, the order was cancelled. Instead 21 second-hand
3188:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
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168:
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158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
4328:
1477:
1404:
1284:
1007:
859:
858:
with swift acceleration and high reliability. Of the 43 units built, 5 are in operation with
294:
226:
46:
3248:
3147:
3095:
3073:
3013:
2989:
2899:"Manchester Piccadilly rail services face severe disruption after train derails at Ardwick"
2532:
1306:
1229:
1116:
1105:
946:
320:
42:
8:
4246:
2830:. London: HM Government. 23 February 2017. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019
1367:
1257:
1218:
1053:
711:
333:
2672:
Dunn, Pip (15 November 2023). "West Midlands Trains sends its first '323' to Northern".
4817:
4271:
4256:
4236:
3203:
2009:"New era of rail travel to begin as West Midlands Railway unveils electric train fleet"
1988:
759:
560:
2871:. Derby: Rail Accident Investigation Branch, Department for Transport. December 2009.
2547:
2421:
A Century of Railways around Birmingham and the West Midlands, Volume Three: 1973–1999
1130:
To celebrate 30 years service in the West Midlands unit 323221 was repainted into the
4760:
4292:
3807:
3237:
3227:
3207:
2843:
2424:
2305:
2175:
2165:
1853:
1333:
1276:
1265:
1064:
978:
958:
942:
910:
of Birmingham, a new company set up by a team of engineers and managers who had left
887:
652:
348:
62:
842:
Entering service in 1994, the 323s were among the last trains to enter service with
4730:
4720:
3195:
2530:
Hilbert, Martyn (May 2024). "The West Midlands Class 323s". Feature Rolling Stock.
1124:
766:
754:
56:
1975:. Northern Rail Limited. 19 May 2013. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017
1882:
1210:
4705:
3167:
2183:
1760:
1423:
1269:
1233:
938:
903:
863:
616:
464:
416:
315:
239:
105:
2059:. No. 975. Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media. 25 January 2023. p. 27.
4775:
4735:
4715:
2326:
1827:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1068:
1049:
974:
804:
607:
338:
328:
2655:
Russell, David (September 2024). "Cross-City '730' workings Increase". Units.
1939:"West Midlands Trains turns back the clock with retro repaint for Class 323".
4877:
4755:
4745:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4513:
4488:
4408:
4388:
4358:
3241:
3199:
2708:
2674:
2280:
2179:
1261:
1214:
981:
of EMUs. The "gear-changing" effect is produced by the simplification of the
934:
911:
700:
645:
390:
343:
111:
3134:. No. 252. Sheffield: Platform 5 Publishing. February 2023. p. 57.
2187:
2041:. No. 886. Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media. August 2019. p. 30.
1712:
and 323 contracts – to the Dutch electrical engineering firm
894:
tendered an order for new EMUs, both to replace older electric units around
4463:
4378:
2967:
2950:
2933:
2657:
1295:
891:
843:
431:
373:
534:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3071:
Bendall, Simon; Coward, Andy (June 2024). "Naming Update". Fleet Review.
2776:"A range of improvements are being made to trains on the Cross City line"
1363:. The unit spent 16 months out of service to undergo repair as a result.
1299:
1045:
776:
299:
1921:. No. 228. Stamford: Key Publishing. December 2017. pp. 49–53.
4816:
8: Grouping of different rolling stock types built to loading gauge of
4725:
2948:
Russell, David (July 2024). "More Class 323s head to Northern". Units.
1705:
1356:
1182: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
899:
895:
855:
851:
421:
20:
37:
2641:. No. 782. Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media. 2 September 2015.
1360:
875:
555:
1157:
1718:
367:
2302:
Rails Across The City; The Story of the Birmingham Cross City Line
1852:(7th ed.). Sheffield: Platform 5 Publishing. pp. 38–39.
1002:
2803:"Last class 323 PRM refurbished unit returned to Northern Trains"
1881:. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 5 May 2017. Archived from
1344:
915:
243:
3093:
Butlin, Ashley (February 2024). "Multiple Units". Stock Update.
1268:
with the franchise in April 2016, and then to current operator
589:
2214:"Catalogue Description: RFS Industries Ltd, Records 1987–1989"
1083:
3011:
Butlin, Ashley (July 2024). "Multiplie Units". Stock Update.
922:, with the traction motors supplied by the Dutch firm Holec.
919:
681:
125:
3278:
3145:
Butlin, Ashley (June 2024). "Multiple Units". Stock Update.
3728:
3163:"Record attendance as 2023 Golden Spanner winners revealed"
3113:
Pritchard, Robert (June 2024). "EMUs". Rolling Stock News.
2987:
Butlin, Ashley (May 2024). "Multiple Units". Stock Update.
2828:"Heavy rail fleets: 2020 targeted accessibility compliance"
1850:
British Railways Pocket Book No. 4: Electric Multiple Units
1814:. Midland Independent Newspapers. p. 9. Archived from
902:, and to work services on the newly electrified Birmingham
2750:"The first in fleet refurb makes its way back to Allerton"
2706:"West Midlands Trains sends its first '323' to Northern".
2605:
Franchise Agreement - Northern (Rail Public Register Copy)
2574:"CAF to supply 98 trains for Britain's Northern franchise"
2122:
2120:
1316:
In the future the fleet will be stabled and maintained at
4765:
2637:"Likely removal of North West '323s' angers user group".
2525:
2523:
1302:
operated by Siemens, where they are washed alongside the
3186:
Webber, B. (1999). "Class 323 Electric Multiple Units".
1704:
Hunslet Transportation Projects Limited (HTPL) sold its
1112:
units on the Cross-City Line in the first half of 2024.
870:
EMUs, and 34 units will be operated by Northern Trains.
19:"Class 323" redirects here. For the Japanese train, see
2580:. Falmouth: Simmons-Boardman Publishing. Archived from
2117:
3226:(2nd ed.). Hersham: Ian Allan. pp. 196–197.
3037:
Pritchard, Robert (July 2024). "EMUs". Stock Changes.
2778:. Birmingham: West Midlands Trains. 22 February 2019.
2520:
2273:
2271:
2269:
1244:
The units were used to replace older stock of Classes
2548:"The Class 323 Farewell - Sunday 29th September 2024"
2037:"Class 323 EMUs to remain in traffic with Northern".
2473:. Derby: Porterbrook Leasing Company. Archived from
2447:. Derby: Porterbrook Leasing Company. Archived from
2400:
2228:
2194:
2931:Russell, David (October 2024). "Class 323". Units.
2266:
2164:. Hersham: Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 184–185.
1879:"Class 323 Electric Multiple Unit Traction Upgrade"
2965:Russell, David (August 2024). "Class 323". Units.
2155:
485:DMS vehs.: 22.810 m (74 ft 10.0 in)
2800:
1808:"Hunslet has had enough of 'misery line' battles"
1418:323215–323216, 323221–323222, 323240
1366:On 17 December 2019, unit 323234 derailed in the
1347:, with which all UK trains have to be compliant.
488:TS vehs.: 22.840 m (74 ft 11.2 in)
4875:
2848:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2498:"A little sand in the right place works wonders"
1343:Many of these changes were a requirement of the
1287:taking place between October 2023 and July 2024
1012:Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive
1660:Dave Pomroy 323 Fleet Engineer 40 Years Service
2752:. Wolverton: Gemini Rail Group. Archived from
2076:. No. 261. November 2023. pp. 40–47.
1260:in 1998 and its operations were taken over by
525:each 1.305 m (4 ft 3.4 in) wide
3264:
3070:
2712:. No. 996. 15 November 2023. p. 22.
2250:. Porterbrook Leasing Company. Archived from
1035:
2295:
2293:
2291:
1309:fleet. The 323s were formerly maintained at
906:. In June 1990, the contract was awarded to
3151:. Vol. 170, no. 1479. p. 97.
3099:. Vol. 170, no. 1475. p. 89.
3017:. Vol. 170, no. 1480. p. 91.
2993:. Vol. 170, no. 1478. p. 97.
2318:
1010:in 1999, still in BR-era Regional Railways/
412:Birmingham to Worcester via Bromsgrove line
3271:
3257:
3108:
3106:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3060:. No. 262. December 2023. p. 63.
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2327:"A Brief History of the Hunslet Engine Co"
2085:
2083:
2070:"Exploring the "Elgar Line" to Hereford".
2050:
2048:
2032:
2030:
1943:. No. 252. February 2023. p. 55.
1873:
1871:
1869:
1350:
1345:PRM (Persons with Restricted Mobility) TSI
1090:Class 323 at Birmingham New Street in 2014
989:and hence produces a lower-pitched sound.
3112:
3036:
2288:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1755:Both types of bogie are derived from the
1453:The following units have received names:
1198:Learn how and when to remove this message
3280:Electric multiple units of Great Britain
2926:
2924:
2650:
2648:
2126:
2001:
1805:
1228:
1209:
1082:
1063:
1001:
3221:
3103:
3081:
3021:
2997:
2975:
2964:
2947:
2930:
2699:
2654:
2529:
2418:
2299:
2277:
2153:
2080:
2045:
2027:
1866:
1746:characteristics of the original system.
997:
4876:
3185:
3144:
3092:
3010:
2986:
2695:. No. 257. July 2023. p. 62.
2571:
2495:
2412:
2406:
2388:from the original on 13 September 2019
2352:"Electric Multiple Unit Class 333, UK"
2234:
2200:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1925:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1793:
1279:in December 2018 when replaced by the
818:
541:16.000 m (52 ft 5.9 in)
3252:
2921:
2878:from the original on 27 February 2021
2801:Gemini Rail Group (23 January 2021).
2730:from the original on 13 November 2019
2645:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1294:The fleet is currently maintained at
507:3.769 m (12 ft 4.4 in)
4884:British Rail electric multiple units
2671:
2423:. Kidderminster: Mid England Books.
2304:. Kidderminster: Mid England Books.
2147:
1180:adding citations to reliable sources
1151:
515:1.156 m (3 ft 9.5 in)
499:2.800 m (9 ft 2.2 in)
474:70.18 m (230 ft 3 in)
4889:Train-related introductions in 1994
4853:List of departmental multiple units
2909:from the original on 5 January 2020
2896:
1947:
1847:
1834:
630:1,168 kW (1,566 hp) total
13:
4858:Rolling stock of Network SouthEast
3215:
2216:. The National Archives. DZ MD/574
2127:Walmsley, Ian (23 February 2017).
1897:
1806:Williams, Philip (23 March 1994).
1732:Between Birmingham and Bromsgrove.
992:
941:was confirmed in the early 1990s,
642:25 kV 50 Hz AC
14:
4905:
2897:Day, Rebecca (17 December 2019).
2782:from the original on 6 March 2019
2618:from the original on 24 July 2019
2572:Barrow, Keith (22 January 2016).
2508:from the original on 17 July 2020
1101:when it took over the franchise.
16:British electric passenger trains
2726:. Wolverton: Gemini Rail Group.
2496:Dobell, Malcolm (29 June 2020).
2324:
2284:. No. 1007. pp. 38–43.
2092:Class 323 Electric Multiple Unit
2055:"Manchester depot revitalised".
1757:British Rail Engineering Limited
1373:
1323:
1156:
1059:
1032:operate a full service in 1995.
55:
36:
4848:List of electric multiple units
4833:British electric multiple units
3155:
3138:
3123:
3064:
3047:
2958:
2941:
2890:
2856:
2820:
2794:
2768:
2742:
2716:
2682:
2665:
2630:
2596:
2565:
2540:
2536:. No. 255. pp. 62–65.
2504:. Coalville: Rail Media Group.
2489:
2463:
2437:
2370:
2344:
2240:
2206:
2063:
1766:
1749:
1735:
1726:
1442:323201, 323204, 323211, 323214
1275:The 323s were planned to leave
1167:needs additional citations for
1141:Diamond logos applied to them.
1121:Rail Safety and Standards Board
908:Hunslet Transportation Projects
837:Hunslet Transportation Projects
835:(EMU) passenger train built by
85:Hunslet Transportation Projects
1919:Modern Locomotives Illustrated
1799:
1698:
1448:
1318:Manchester International Depot
965:EMUs entered service in 2001.
97:
1:
4843:List of diesel multiple units
4262:Mersey Railway electric units
2578:International Railway Journal
2382:The Railway Technical Website
2129:"A Traction Heart Transplant"
1780:
1147:
1139:Soho LMD 1993 Cross City Line
1048:in 1994 and allocated to the
1042:privatisation of British Rail
951:privatisation of British Rail
881:
878:rather than steel in the UK.
4810:6: Renumbered as Class 802/2
4801:4: Renumbered as Class 720/6
2445:"Class 323 - London Midland"
2354:. Siemens AG. Archived from
1744:electromagnetic interference
1054:North West Regional Railways
7:
3119:. No. 268. p. 63.
3077:. No. 256. p. 25.
3043:. No. 269. p. 58.
2971:. No. 339. p. 22.
2954:. No. 338. p. 22.
2937:. No. 341. p. 23.
2678:. No. 996. p. 22.
2661:. No. 340. p. 22.
2378:"Electric Traction Control"
771:Within class (max. 4 units)
550:90 mph (145 km/h)
108:vehicles: 31112 & 31114
10:
4910:
4813:7: Renumbered as Class 810
4798:3: Renumbered as Class 701
4795:2: Renumbered as Class 325
4792:1: Renumbered as Class 332
3222:Marsden, Colin J. (2011).
3179:
2135:. Stamford: Key Publishing
1036:Post-privatisation service
523:Double-leaf sliding plug,
61:Interior of a refurbished
18:
4828:
4784:
4678:
4642:
4327:
4306:
4285:
4267:MSJ&AR electric units
4227:
4119:
3816:
3724:
3574:
3286:
2689:"Digital mods for 323s".
1993:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1969:Class 323 Driver's Manual
1683:
1414:
1411:
1400:
1006:Class 323 on approach to
816:
811:
775:
765:
753:
725:
699:
680:
670:
651:
634:
626:
606:
567:
554:
546:
533:
519:
511:
503:
495:
478:
470:
460:
455:
404:
391:Bletchley (Milton Keynes)
357:
305:
293:
276:
268:
251:
233:
218:
210:
202:
185:
177:
131:
121:
95:
78:
74:7 February 1994 – present
70:
54:
35:
30:
3200:10.1243/0954409991531029
1691:
1217:Class 323 in de-branded
987:variable-frequency drive
874:trains to be built from
437:Stafford–Manchester line
383:Manchester International
4894:25 kV AC multiple units
4277:W&CR electric units
3054:"EMUs". Stock changes.
2903:Manchester Evening News
2248:"Class 323 Data Sheets"
2154:Marsden, C. J. (2007).
1637:(subsequently de-named)
1351:Accidents and incidents
1264:in 2004. All passed to
971:gate turn-off thyristor
821:unless otherwise noted.
2471:"Class 323 - Northern"
2419:Boynton, John (1999).
2300:Boynton, John (1993).
1625:Lichfield Trent Valley
1311:Longsight Electric TMD
1241:
1226:
1091:
1080:
1044:, all 43 were sold to
1015:
833:electric multiple unit
829:British Rail Class 323
689:DMS vehicles: RFS BP62
396:Longsight (Manchester)
286:Refurbished: 277 seats
31:British Rail Class 323
2331:Leeds Engine Builders
2013:West Midlands Railway
1761:Doncaster Wagon Works
1531:Birmingham New Street
1405:West Midlands Railway
1285:West Midlands Railway
1238:Liverpool Lime Street
1232:
1223:Manchester Piccadilly
1213:
1086:
1073:Birmingham New Street
1067:
1005:
860:West Midlands Railway
692:TS vehicles: RFS BT52
461:Car body construction
427:Crewe–Manchester line
321:West Midlands Railway
227:West Midlands Railway
43:West Midlands Railway
4806:Bi- or tri-mode unit
3224:Traction Recognition
3148:The Railway Magazine
3096:The Railway Magazine
3074:Railways Illustrated
3014:The Railway Magazine
2990:The Railway Magazine
2724:"Class 323 Overhaul"
2533:Railways Illustrated
2162:Traction Recognition
1818:on 23 September 2022
1307:TransPennine Express
1176:improve this article
1106:West Midlands Trains
998:British Rail service
961:were used until new
742:(plus provision for
653:Current collector(s)
613:8 Ă— Holec DMKT 52/24
539:Over bogie centres:
528:(2 per side per car)
447:Liverpool–Wigan line
4838:List of locomotives
4643:Miscellaneous units
4247:LNWR electric units
4242:LNER Tyneside units
3171:. 24 November 2023.
3132:Today's Railways UK
3116:Today's Railways UK
3057:Today's Railways UK
3040:Today's Railways UK
2692:Today's Railways UK
2552:Branch Line Society
2254:on 10 November 2018
2105:on 23 November 2015
2073:Today's Railways UK
1941:Today's Railways Uk
1848:Fox, Peter (1994).
1368:Ardwick train depot
1258:First North Western
1219:First North Western
1119:, sponsored by the
1056:shadow franchises.
334:First North Western
283:As built: 284 seats
258:DMS vehicles: EA272
88:Holec Ridderkerk UK
4818:London Underground
4272:NER electric units
4257:LYR electric units
4252:LOR electric units
4237:LMS electric units
3808:MR Lancaster units
2756:on 23 October 2019
2584:on 7 February 2016
1242:
1227:
1104:In December 2017,
1092:
1081:
1016:
947:West Yorkshire PTE
676:Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
672:UIC classification
636:Electric system(s)
561:Route Availability
261:TS vehicles: EH296
4871:
4870:
4865:
4823:
3233:978-0-7110-3494-5
3130:"Stock Changes".
2477:on 29 August 2017
2451:on 29 August 2017
2171:978-0-7110-3277-4
2015:. 8 February 2024
1885:on 8 January 2022
1446:
1445:
1334:Arriva Rail North
1277:Arriva Rail North
1272:on 1 March 2020.
1266:Arriva Rail North
1208:
1207:
1200:
983:PWM pulse pattern
959:Network SouthEast
943:Regional Railways
888:Regional Railways
825:
824:
701:Braking system(s)
349:Regional Railways
237:3 cars per unit:
211:Number in service
63:Arriva Rail North
4901:
4864:
4789:
4329:Southern Railway
3697:
3687:
3617:
3612:
3597:
3467:
3427:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3211:
3173:
3172:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3019:
3018:
3008:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2870:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1964:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1864:
1863:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1702:
1567:Sutton Coldfield
1412:1992–1995
1378:
1377:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1160:
1152:
979:Networker family
939:Wharfedale Lines
812:Notes/references
807:
801:
799:
798:
794:
791:
783:
767:Multiple working
726:Safety system(s)
721:
715:
666:
663:Brecknell Willis
643:
622:
614:
599:
584:
542:
529:
526:
247:
245:
241:
113:
107:
99:
59:
40:
28:
27:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4860:
4824:
4820:deep tube lines
4780:
4751:Coradia Juniper
4674:
4638:
4331:
4323:
4302:
4281:
4229:
4223:
4122:(original TOPS)
4121:
4115:
3818:
3812:
3726:
3720:
3695:
3685:
3615:
3610:
3595:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3465:
3425:
3288:
3282:
3277:
3234:
3218:
3216:Further reading
3182:
3177:
3176:
3168:Modern Railways
3161:
3160:
3156:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3111:
3104:
3091:
3082:
3069:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3035:
3022:
3009:
2998:
2985:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2942:
2929:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2670:
2666:
2653:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2358:on 2 April 2015
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2298:
2289:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2172:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2133:Modern Railways
2125:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1846:
1835:
1821:
1819:
1812:Birmingham Post
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1451:
1424:Northern Trains
1376:
1353:
1326:
1270:Northern Trains
1234:Northern Trains
1204:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1173:
1161:
1150:
1062:
1040:As part of the
1038:
1000:
995:
993:Service history
904:Cross-City Line
884:
864:Northern Trains
803:
796:
792:
789:
787:
786:4 ft
785:
781:
755:Coupling system
749:
716:
705:
695:
660:
641:
615:
612:
608:Traction motors
602:
588:
575:
568:Traction system
540:
527:
524:
491:
465:Aluminium alloy
451:
417:Cross-City Line
400:
353:
316:Northern Trains
289:
264:
238:
198:
173:
117:
114:vehicles: 31113
91:
66:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4907:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4869:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4701:Mark 3-derived
4698:
4696:Mark 2-derived
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4307:Hydrogen units
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3232:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3154:
3137:
3122:
3102:
3080:
3063:
3046:
3020:
2996:
2974:
2957:
2940:
2920:
2889:
2855:
2819:
2793:
2767:
2741:
2715:
2698:
2681:
2664:
2644:
2629:
2595:
2564:
2539:
2519:
2488:
2462:
2436:
2429:
2411:
2399:
2369:
2343:
2317:
2310:
2287:
2265:
2239:
2227:
2205:
2193:
2170:
2146:
2116:
2079:
2062:
2044:
2026:
2000:
1946:
1924:
1896:
1865:
1858:
1833:
1828:Newspapers.com
1798:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1748:
1734:
1725:
1723:in March 1994.
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1609:Lichfield City
1605:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:Cars per unit
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1352:
1349:
1325:
1322:
1206:
1205:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1099:London Midland
1095:Central Trains
1088:London Midland
1079:livery in 2007
1069:Central Trains
1061:
1058:
1050:Central Trains
1037:
1034:
999:
996:
994:
991:
883:
880:
831:is a class of
823:
822:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:standard gauge
779:
773:
772:
769:
763:
762:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
740:
735:
729:
727:
723:
722:
703:
697:
696:
694:
693:
690:
686:
684:
678:
677:
674:
668:
667:
655:
649:
648:
638:
632:
631:
628:
624:
623:
620:three-phase AC
610:
604:
603:
601:
600:
585:
571:
569:
565:
564:
558:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
537:
531:
530:
521:
517:
516:
513:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
490:
489:
486:
482:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
456:Specifications
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:
442:Chat Moss line
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
406:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
388:
385:
380:
377:
371:
365:
361:
359:
355:
354:
352:
351:
346:
341:
339:London Midland
336:
331:
329:Central Trains
326:
323:
318:
313:
309:
307:
303:
302:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
284:
280:
278:
274:
273:
270:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
255:
253:
249:
248:
235:
231:
230:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
193:
189:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
135:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:
115:
109:
102:
100:
93:
92:
90:
89:
86:
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
65:Class 323 unit
60:
52:
51:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4906:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4866:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:Battery units
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:LB&SCR SL
3801:
3799:
3798:LB&SCR CW
3796:
3794:
3793:LB&SCR CP
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2925:
2908:
2905:. Reach plc.
2904:
2900:
2893:
2874:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2829:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2709:Rail Magazine
2702:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2675:Rail Magazine
2668:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2639:Rail Magazine
2633:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2507:
2503:
2502:Rail Engineer
2499:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2432:
2430:0-9522248-6-0
2426:
2422:
2415:
2409:, p. 49.
2408:
2403:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2311:0-9522248-0-1
2307:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2281:Rail Magazine
2274:
2272:
2270:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2237:, p. 59.
2236:
2231:
2215:
2209:
2203:, p. 56.
2202:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2121:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2057:Rail Magazine
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:Rail Magazine
2033:
2031:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1917:"Class 323".
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1859:9781872524603
1855:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:Gravelly Hill
1581:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:Fleet details
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1324:Refurbishment
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:Northern Rail
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1236:Class 323 at
1235:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:Northern Rail
1212:
1202:
1199:
1191:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1165:This section
1163:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1071:Class 323 at
1070:
1066:
1060:West Midlands
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1004:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
912:Metro-Cammell
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:In 1990, the
879:
877:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:privatisation
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
820:
817:Sourced from
815:
810:
806:
782:1,435 mm
780:
778:
774:
770:
768:
764:
761:
758:
756:
752:
745:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
724:
720:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
691:
688:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
664:
659:
656:
654:
650:
647:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
611:
609:
605:
598:
594:
591:
586:
583:
579:
573:
572:
570:
566:
562:
559:
557:
553:
549:
547:Maximum speed
545:
538:
536:
532:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
484:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
454:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
407:
403:
397:
394:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
360:
356:
350:
347:
345:
344:Northern Rail
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
311:
310:
308:
304:
301:
298:
296:
292:
285:
282:
281:
279:
275:
272:323201–323243
271:
269:Fleet numbers
267:
260:
257:
256:
254:
250:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
110:
104:
103:
101:
94:
87:
84:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
48:
45:Class 323 at
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4863:
4332:designations
3415:
3223:
3194:(1): 49–62.
3191:
3187:
3166:
3157:
3146:
3140:
3131:
3125:
3114:
3094:
3072:
3066:
3055:
3049:
3038:
3012:
2988:
2968:Rail Express
2966:
2960:
2951:Rail Express
2949:
2943:
2934:Rail Express
2932:
2911:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2864:
2858:
2832:. Retrieved
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:the original
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2718:
2707:
2701:
2690:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2658:Rail Express
2656:
2638:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2604:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2577:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2531:
2510:. Retrieved
2501:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:the original
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2439:
2420:
2414:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2381:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:the original
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2330:
2325:Ward, Kris.
2320:
2301:
2279:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:the original
2242:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2208:
2196:
2161:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2132:
2107:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2091:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2038:
2017:. Retrieved
2012:
2003:
1977:. Retrieved
1968:
1940:
1918:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:the original
1849:
1826:– via
1820:. Retrieved
1816:the original
1811:
1801:
1789:
1773:application.
1768:
1751:
1737:
1728:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1666:
1662:. (de-named)
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1617:Kings Norton
1615:
1601:Chester Road
1599:
1591:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1495:Blake Street
1493:
1485:
1476:
1469:Butlers Lane
1467:
1458:
1452:
1365:
1354:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1296:Allerton TMD
1293:
1289:
1274:
1254:
1243:
1194:
1185:
1174:Please help
1169:verification
1166:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1127:conditions.
1125:low-adhesion
1114:
1103:
1093:
1039:
1017:
967:
924:
892:British Rail
885:
872:
862:and 34 with
844:British Rail
841:
828:
826:
719:regenerative
627:Power output
617:asynchronous
512:Floor height
471:Train length
432:Glossop line
405:Lines served
370:(Birmingham)
203:Number built
79:Manufacturer
25:
4741:Electrostar
4691:1972 design
4686:1959 design
2882:17 November
2834:13 November
2786:13 November
2622:28 November
2557:4 September
2407:Webber 1999
2258:10 November
2235:Webber 1999
2220:29 November
2201:Webber 1999
2157:"Class 323"
2139:29 November
1794:Webber 1999
1717: [
1576:Wylde Green
1504:Barnt Green
1449:Named units
1390:Year built
1300:Ardwick TMD
1046:Porterbrook
957:units from
846:before its
819:Webber 1999
777:Track gauge
587:Post-2016:
376:(Liverpool)
300:Porterbrook
186:Refurbished
178:Constructed
4878:Categories
4230:(pre-TOPS)
2812:23 January
2760:23 October
2734:4 December
2588:4 December
2512:4 December
2481:4 December
2455:4 December
2362:4 December
2109:8 December
2019:8 February
1979:1 February
1822:4 December
1781:References
1706:Birmingham
1679:(de-named)
1676:Longbridge
1668:Alvechurch
1655:(de-named)
1646:(de-named)
1634:Northfield
1628:(de-named)
1611:(de-named)
1604:(de-named)
1593:University
1579:(de-named)
1570:(de-named)
1561:(de-named)
1558:Bromsgrove
1552:(de-named)
1543:(de-named)
1534:(de-named)
1525:(de-named)
1516:(de-named)
1513:Bournville
1507:(de-named)
1498:(de-named)
1481:(de-named)
1472:(de-named)
1463:(de-named)
1396:Unit nos.
1357:North Rode
1221:livery at
1148:North West
900:Manchester
896:Birmingham
890:sector of
882:Background
856:Manchester
852:Birmingham
658:Pantograph
574:As built:
479:Car length
422:Chase Line
71:In service
21:323 series
4761:Networker
3819:(400–599)
3579:(700–899)
3381:316 (III)
3289:(300–399)
3242:751525080
3208:109704714
2188:16902750M
2180:230804946
1989:cite book
1889:7 January
1710:Class 157
1652:Erdington
1549:Four Oaks
1540:Shenstone
1522:Five Ways
1487:Selly Oak
1460:Duddeston
1384:Operator
1361:Congleton
1304:Class 185
1281:Class 331
1250:Class 305
1246:Class 304
1188:July 2021
1110:Class 730
1029:Class 310
1025:Class 308
1021:Class 304
963:Class 333
955:Class 308
931:Class 310
927:Class 304
918:works in
876:aluminium
868:Class 730
760:Tightlock
706:Westcode
556:Axle load
535:Wheelbase
306:Operators
234:Formation
223:Class 730
219:Successor
195:2018–2021
192:2011–2013
181:1992–1995
169:Class 312
164:Class 310
159:Class 309
154:Class 308
149:Class 305
144:Class 304
139:Class 116
4721:Citylink
4679:Families
4660:499 (II)
4228:DC units
4120:DC units
4026:482 (II)
3817:DC units
3725:AC units
3691:803 (II)
3616:711 (II)
3577:DC units
3575:AC units
3471:350 (II)
3431:331 (II)
3376:316 (II)
3287:AC units
2907:Archived
2873:Archived
2844:cite web
2807:LinkedIn
2780:Archived
2728:Archived
2613:Archived
2506:Archived
2386:Archived
2336:11 March
1673:323243:
1665:323242:
1658:323241:
1649:323240:
1643:Redditch
1640:323222:
1631:323221:
1622:323220:
1614:323219:
1598:323217:
1590:323216:
1582:323215:
1573:323214:
1564:323213:
1555:323212:
1546:323211:
1537:323210:
1528:323209:
1519:323208:
1510:323207:
1501:323206:
1492:323205:
1484:323204:
1475:323203:
1466:323202:
1457:323201:
1134:livery.
975:inverter
935:Airedale
800: in
646:Overhead
374:Allerton
364:Current:
312:Current:
277:Capacity
132:Replaced
122:Built at
4731:D-Train
4716:Aventra
4706:A-Train
4066:499 (I)
4021:482 (I)
3686:803 (I)
3611:711 (I)
3466:350 (I)
3426:331 (I)
3371:316 (I)
3180:Sources
2913:13 June
2392:22 July
1607:323218
1436:Stored
1240:in 2021
1225:in 2007
1117:Sanders
1014:livery.
973:-based
916:Hunslet
795:⁄
387:Former:
379:Future:
325:Former:
252:Diagram
49:in 2019
4776:Velaro
4736:Desiro
4726:Civity
3240:
3230:
3206:
2427:
2308:
2186:
2178:
2168:
1856:
1684:Awards
1381:Class
1132:Centro
1077:Centro
744:BR ATP
682:Bogies
590:Alstom
576:Holec
504:Height
358:Depots
295:Owners
96:Order
4785:Notes
4756:METRO
4746:FLIRT
4619:8-VAB
4614:8-MIG
4609:8-GAT
4604:8-DIG
4594:6-REP
4589:6-PUL
4584:6-PAN
4579:6-CIT
4574:5-WES
4569:5-VEC
4564:5-TCB
4559:5-DES
4554:5-BEL
4549:4-VOP
4544:4-VIP
4539:4-VEP
4534:4-VEG
4529:4-VEC
4524:4-TEP
4514:4-SUB
4509:4-RES
4504:4-REP
4499:4-PER
4494:4-PEP
4489:4-LAV
4484:4-JOP
4479:4-GRI
4474:4-EPB
4469:4-DES
4459:4-COR
4454:4-COM
4449:4-CIG
4444:4-CEP
4439:4-CAP
4434:4-BUF
4429:4-BIG
4424:4-BEP
4419:3-TIS
4409:3-SUB
4404:3-COP
4399:3-CIG
4394:3-CEP
4389:2-WIM
4384:2-TIS
4374:2-SAP
4369:2-PEP
4364:2-PAN
4359:2-NOL
4354:2-HAP
4349:2-HAL
4344:2-EPB
4339:2-BIL
3727:(pre-
3204:S2CID
2876:(PDF)
2869:(PDF)
2616:(PDF)
2609:(PDF)
2103:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1721:]
1714:Holec
1692:Notes
1478:Aston
1387:Qty.
1008:Crewe
920:Leeds
520:Doors
496:Width
126:Leeds
47:Aston
4771:Tube
4599:7-TC
4519:4-TC
4464:4-DD
4414:3-TC
4379:2-SL
4293:BEMU
3788:AM11
3783:AM10
3729:TOPS
3238:OCLC
3228:ISBN
2915:2020
2884:2021
2850:link
2836:2019
2814:2021
2788:2019
2762:2019
2736:2022
2624:2018
2590:2022
2559:2024
2514:2022
2483:2022
2457:2022
2425:ISBN
2394:2019
2364:2022
2338:2017
2306:ISBN
2260:2018
2222:2022
2176:OCLC
2166:ISBN
2141:2022
2111:2022
2021:2024
1995:link
1981:2016
1891:2022
1854:ISBN
1824:2022
1401:323
1248:and
1052:and
1027:and
945:and
929:and
898:and
854:and
827:The
738:TPWS
717:and
712:disc
597:VVVF
593:IGBT
582:VVVF
368:Soho
246:-DMS
4804:5:
4766:TGV
4711:APT
4670:599
4665:555
4655:399
4650:398
4634:TLV
4629:MLV
4624:GLV
4319:614
4314:600
4298:230
4219:492
4214:491
4209:462
4204:461
4199:453
4194:452
4189:451
4184:442
4179:441
4174:432
4169:431
4164:424
4159:423
4154:422
4149:421
4144:414
4139:413
4134:412
4129:411
4111:510
4106:508
4101:507
4096:506
4091:505
4086:504
4081:503
4076:502
4071:501
4061:489
4056:488
4051:487
4046:486
4041:485
4036:484
4031:483
4016:480
4011:471
4006:466
4001:465
3996:460
3991:458
3986:457
3981:456
3976:455
3971:450
3966:447
3961:446
3956:445
3951:444
3946:442
3941:438
3936:432
3931:431
3926:430
3921:427
3916:424
3911:423
3906:422
3901:421
3896:420
3891:419
3886:418
3881:416
3876:415
3871:414
3866:413
3861:412
3856:411
3851:410
3846:405
3841:404
3836:403
3831:402
3826:401
3778:AM9
3773:AM8
3768:AM7
3763:AM6
3758:AM5
3753:AM4
3748:AM3
3743:AM2
3738:AM1
3716:897
3711:810
3706:807
3701:805
3696:804
3681:802
3676:801
3671:800
3666:799
3661:777
3656:769
3651:768
3646:756
3641:755
3636:745
3631:730
3626:720
3621:717
3606:710
3601:707
3596:705
3591:701
3586:700
3566:397
3561:395
3556:390
3551:387
3546:385
3541:381
3536:380
3531:379
3526:378
3521:377
3516:376
3511:375
3506:374
3501:373
3496:371
3491:370
3486:365
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3192:213
1428:34
1178:by
1075:in
733:AWS
578:GTO
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112:PTS
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