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3947:, the High Commissioner from 1920 to 1927. This led to what some termed the Decentralisation Debate of 1925β1927. During the 1920s, the British also began affirmative action for the Malays in the FMS civil service to further entice the Unfederated Malay States to join the federation by proving that the Malays would have a role in the running of the government. While the Malays supported the proposal because it would give them more powers, Chinese merchants and British planters argued against it, fearing decentralisation would affect efficiency badly and slow the building of a unified modern state. The next High Commissioner, Sir
683:
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164:
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3319:
3191:, the capital of the Riau Archipelago. There, new plans were drawn up, and in 1819 Raffles made a deal with Tengku Hussein. The agreement stated that the British would acknowledge Tengku Hussein as the legitimate ruler of Singapore if he allowed them to establish a trading post there. Furthermore, Tengku Hussein and the temenggung would receive a yearly stipend from the British. The treaty was ratified on 6 February 1819. With the Temenggung's help, Hussein left Penyengat, pretending that he was 'going fishing', and reached Singapore, where he was installed as Sultan.
560:
3719:
means to build
British presence in Sungai Ujong and Negeri Sembilan in general. Clarke acknowledged Dato' Kelana as the legitimate chief of Sungai Ujong. The British and Dato' Kelana signed a treaty which required Dato' Kelana to rule Sungai Ujong justly, protect traders, and prevent any anti-British action there. Dato' Bandar was not invited to sign the agreement and hence asserted that he was not bound by the agreement. Moreover, Dato' Bandar and the locals disapproved of the British presence in Sungai Ujong. This furthered Dato' Kelana's unpopularity there.
3801:, Britain sought to consolidate and centralise control by federating Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang into the Federated Malay States (FMS), with Kuala Lumpur as its capital. The Residents-General administered the federation but compromised by allowing the sultans to retain limited powers as the authority on Islam and Malay customs. Modern legislation was introduced with the creation of the Federal Council. Although the sultans had less power than their counterparts in the Unfederated Malay States, the FMS enjoyed a much higher degree of
616:
588:
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63:
3692:, a state within the confederation in particular was the site of many locally important mines. It was ruled by Dato' Kelana Sendeng. However, another local chieftain named Dato' Bandar Kulop Tunggal had more influence than Dato' Kelana. Dato' Bandar received great support from the locals and even from the Chinese immigrants who worked at the mines of Sungai Ujong. Dato' Kelana's limited popularity made him dependent on another chieftain β Sayid Abdul Rahman β who was the confederation's
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which the some
British officials felt important to regain. This led to the creation of the Federal Council, which the sultans were members of along with representatives from the colonial government and members of the non-Malay communities. The creation of the council however failed to distribute powers to the individual states of the FMS. Another attempt at decentralisation was carried out in 1925 by Sir
3935:. All four British Residents, who acted as a British representative in the FMS were answerable to a Resident General in Kuala Lumpur, who in turn reported back to High Commissioner. Crucial state government departments had to report to their federal headquarters in Kuala Lumpur. Meanwhile, the Unfederated Malay States began to receive British advisers but they remained more independent than the FMS.
3574:; Raja Jumaat was appointed as Lukut's administrator in 1846. By the 1850s the area emerged as one of the most modern settlements on the Malay Peninsula apart from the Straits Settlements. At one point, there were over 20,000 labourers, most of them ethnic Chinese imported from China. Raja Jumaat died in 1864 and his death created a leadership vacuum and Lukut gradually declined.
3370:, prevented the EIC from trading in peace. Therefore, in 1826, the British, through the EIC, signed a secret treaty known today as the Burney Treaty with the King of Siam. The four Malay states were not present during the signing of the agreement. In that treaty, British acknowledged Siamese sovereignty the four states. In return, Siam accepted British ownership of Penang and
3604:, Raja Jumaat's cousin, was appointed by the sultan as Klang's administrator. As Lukut's economic importance was slowly declining, that of Hulu Klang was rising. This attracted many labourers to relocate there, especially Chinese immigrants who had worked in Lukut. One person responsible for persuading the Chinese to move from Lukut to Hulu Klang was Sutan Puasa from
3180:β died in 1812. In Malay tradition, a person must be by the side of the dying sultan to be considered as a new ruler. Tengku Abdul Rahman was present when the old sultan died. Tengku Hussein was not happy with the development, while the temenggung who was in charge of Singapore preferred Tengku Hussein to the younger brother.
4081:, however, was not included and was considered a crown colony by itself. The new union was greeted with strong opposition from the local Malays. The opposition revolved around two issues: loose citizenship requirements and reduction in the Malay rulers' power. Due to the pressure exerted, the union was replaced with the
3055:, a stretch of beach opposite Penang. Recognising this threat, the British moved in and razed the fort in Prai. The British thereby forced the Sultan to sign an agreement that gave the British the right to occupy Penang; in return, the Sultan would receive an annual rent of 6,000 Spanish pesos. On 1 May 1786, the
3703:β another state within the confederation β tried to wrest Sungai Linggi from Sungai Ujong's control. Negeri Sembilan at that time was connected to Malacca via Sungai Linggi, and a high volume of trade passed through Sungai Linggi daily. Whoever controlled Sungai Linggi would gain wealth simply through taxes.
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Kuala Lumpur circa 1900. As the capital of the newly formed
Federated Malay States, the area underwent accelerated development with the construction of new infrastructure, government offices, and commercial and residential buildings; similar rates of development would also be seen in towns and cities
3513:
Raja
Abdullah was furious and refused to accept the news kindly. He then sought and gathered political support from various channels, including several of Perak's local chiefs and several British personnel with whom he had done business in the past, with the secret societies becoming their proxies in
3706:
Dato' Kelana
Sendeng died in 1873. In early 1873, Sayid Abdul Rahman took his place, becoming the new Dato' Kelana. The death however did not repair the relationship between Dato' Kelana and Dato' Bandar. On the contrary, it deteriorated. The new Dato' Kelana was deeply concerned with Dato' Bandar's
3225:, they aimed to centralise the administration of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore. To this end, in 1826 a framework known as the Straits Settlements was established, with Penang as its capital. The capital was moved in 1832 to Singapore. While the three holdings formed the backbone of the settlements,
2880:
in 1946, the territories were not placed under a single unified administration, with the exception of the immediate post-war period when a
British military officer became the temporary administrator of Malaya. Instead, British Malaya comprised the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States, and
3529:
and Clarke was ordered to get a complete picture of what was happening in the Malay states and recommend how to streamline
British administration in Malaya. The reason was that London was increasingly aware that the Straits Settlements were increasingly dependent on the economy of the Malay states,
3631:
As in Perak, this rapid development attracted interest from the
British in the Straits Settlements. The economy of Selangor became important enough to the prosperity of the Straits Settlements that any disturbance there would harm the Straits Settlements. Therefore, the British felt they needed to
102:
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from the
Straits Settlements, was sent to Sungai Ujong to assess the situation. He recognised the predicament Dato' Kelana was in and reported back to the Straits Settlements. This prompted the British to send 160 soldiers to Sungai Ujong to help Pickering defeat Dato' Bandar. At the end of 1874,
3718:
as the
Governor of the Straits Settlements, Dato' Kelana immediately realised that the British could strengthen his position in Sungai Ujong. Dato' Kelana contacted the British in Malacca and began and lobbying them to support him. In April 1874, Sir Andrew Clarke used Dato' Kelana's request as a
3463:
and this created a huge demand for tin. The British as well as the Dutch were active in the states, each seeking to monopolise production of tin and other commodities. However, the political atmosphere in Perak was sufficiently volatile to raise the cost of tin mining operations. For instance, in
3035:
After negotiations with Light, the Sultan agreed to allow Jourdain, Sulivan, and de Souza to build and operate a trading post and in Kedah, if the British agreed to protect Kedah from external threats. Light conveyed this message to his superiors in India. The EIC, however, did not agree with the
3942:
expressed concerns over over-centralisation, which was marginalisation local sultans away from policymaking. The British had a formal pro-Malay policy and the colonial administrators were careful in developing mutual trust with the Malay sultans. However, the centralisation had eroded the trust,
3832:
This period of slow consolidation of power into a centralised government and compromise β the sultans retain their reign but not rule in their states β would have a great impact on the later road to nationhood. It effectively marked the transition of the idea of Malay states from a collection of
3124:
3047:
in return for military assistance for Kedah. Light informed the EIC of the Sultan's offer. The EIC, however, ordered Light to take over Penang and gave him no guarantee of the military aid that the Sultan had asked for. Light later took over Penang and assured the Sultan of military assistance,
3436:
Perlis had a similar experience. The ruler did not recognise the 1909 treaty but the British were de facto administrators of the state. It was only in 1930 that the ruler Raja Syed Alwi recognised the British presence in Perlis by admitting Meadows Frost as the first British advisor in Perlis.
3820:
The Unfederated Malay States, on the other hand, maintained their quasi-independence, had more autonomy, and instead of having a Resident they were required only to accept a British Advisor, though in reality they were still bound by treaty to accept the advice. The British undertook far less
108:
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was reluctant to sign the treaty, increasing French pressure on the Siamese eastern border forced Siam to co-operate with the British. Chulalongkorn hoped that the British would leave Siam alone if he acceded to their demands. Earlier in 1893, Siam had lost the Shan region of north-eastern
110:
109:
3829:. Independent Johor, meanwhile, had to surrender Singapore to the British earlier on. Despite the Sultan's political effort, he was forced to accept an advisor in 1914, becoming the last Malay state to lose its sovereignty (although British involvement in Johor began as early as 1885).
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4029:. Malaya and Singapore were under Japanese occupation from 1942 until 1945. Japan rewarded Siam for its co-operation during this period by giving it the state of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu. The rest of Malaya was governed as a single colony from Singapore.
3530:
including Perak. After Clarke's arrival in Singapore, many British traders including Read became close to the governor. Through Read, Clarke learned of Raja Abdullah's problem and willingness to accept a British representative in his court if the British assisted him.
3510:. Despite that fact, he was not present during the burial of the sultan. As in the case of Tengku Hussein of Johor, Raja Abdullah was not appointed as the new sultan by the ministers of Perak. Instead the second in line, Raja Ismail, became the sultan of Perak.
3951:, arriving from Hong Kong in 1930, pushed harder for decentralisation, believing that it would entice the Unfederated Malay States to join the FMS, forming a Malayan union. He envisaged the union would eventually be joined by the Straits Settlements as well as
3099:, between 1811 and 1815, Malacca, like other Dutch holdings in Southeast Asia, was under British occupation to prevent the French from claiming them. When the war ended in 1815, Malacca was returned to the Dutch. In 1824 the British and the Dutch signed the
89:
3194:
The Dutch were displeased with the action of Raffles. However, with the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Dutch opposition to the British presence in Singapore receded. The treaty also divided the Sultanate of Johor into modern Johor and the new
3521:
who was a friend of Ngah Ibrahim, who had unresolved issues with Raja Abdullah. With Ord's aid, Ngah Ibrahim sent sepoy troops from India to prevent Raja Abdullah from actively claiming the throne and extending control over the Chinese secret societies.
3428:
was posted by the British in Kedah as the sultan's advisor. The British effectively took over economic planning and execution. A rail line was built to connect Kedah with Siam in 1912 while land reform was introduced in 1914. The ruler of Kedah, Sultan
3048:
despite the EIC's position. Soon the EIC told Light that they would not give any military aid to Kedah. In June 1789, Light informed the Sultan of the EIC's decision. Feeling cheated, the Sultan ordered Light to leave Penang, but Light refused.
3087:
Before the late 19th century, the British largely practised a non-interventionist policy. Several factors such as the fluctuating supply of raw materials, and security, convinced the British to play a more active role in the Malay states.
3103:. The treaty, among other things, legally transferred Malacca to British administration and officially divided the Malay world into two separate entities, laying the basis for the current Indonesian-Malaysian boundary.
3059:
was officially raised in Penang for the first time. In 1800, Kedah ceded Prai to the British and the Sultan received an increase of 4,000 pesos in his annual rent. Penang was later named Prince of Wales Island, while
3467:
As Perak continued to increase its mining operations, it suffered a shortage of labour. Looking to solve the problem, Malay administrator Long Jaafar invited the Chinese in Penang to work in Perak, particularly at
3147:, he was convinced that the British needed a new trading colony to counter Dutch trading power. Months of research brought him to Singapore, an island at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. The island was ruled by a
87:
3514:
the fight for the throne. Among those British individuals was British trader W. H. M. Read. Furthermore, he promised to accept a British advisor if the British recognised him as the legitimate ruler of Perak.
3183:
The British had first acknowledged Tengku Abdul Rahman at the time of their first presence in Malacca. The situation however had changed. In 1818, Farquhar visited Tengku Hussein in the island of
88:
3310:. The Malayan Union was later replaced with the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and in 1963, together with North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore, formed an enlarged federation called Malaysia.
3682:
was another major producer of tin in Malaya. In 1869 a power struggle arose between Tengku Antah and Tengku Ahmad Tunggal, as both aspired to become the next ruler of Negeri Sembilan, the
119:
7274:
3734:
As the year progressed, British influence increased to the point that an assistant resident was placed there to advise and assist Dato' Kelana with the governance of Sungai Ujong.
3533:
Clarke seized the opportunity to expand British influence. First, he called all Chinese secret societies together and demanded a permanent truce. Later, through the signing of the
3825:
in these states deterred the British from further political meddling in the Unfederated Malay States. Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu were surrendered by Siam after the
3256:. The settlements' administrators were dissatisfied with the way Calcutta was handling their affairs and they complained to London. In 1856 the EIC tried to annul Singapore's
3570:
near Negeri Sembilan to the south. Around 1840, under the leadership of Raja Jumaat from Riau, tin mining became a huge enterprise. His efforts soon were rewarded by Sultan
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4514:
7391:
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3545:
in Perak later that year. Raja Ismail, on the other hand, while not party to the agreement, was forced to abdicate due to intense external pressure applied by Clarke.
3480:. These two groups regularly tried to increase their influence in Perak resulting in frequent skirmishes. These skirmishes got out of hand to the point that not even
3472:. By the 1840s, Perak's Chinese population had exploded. The new immigrants more often than not were members of Chinese secret societies. Two of the largest were
7381:
5493:
5139:
2400:
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3389:, while Patani remained Siamese territory. Perlis was previously part of Kedah but during the Siamese reign it was separated from Kedah. Kedah's district of
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2330:
7386:
7356:
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3969:
During the 1930s, the world economy was in a depression. Malaya was affected by the depression due to its the integration in the global supply chain.
3381:
or the Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was signed between the two powers. In the new agreement, Siam agreed to give up its claim over Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis,
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6658:
4090:
2270:
3927:
British policy in the late 19th and the early 20th century had been the centralisation of the Federated Malay States (FMS), which was headed by the
3742:
The British became involved in the administration of Pahang after a civil war between two candidates to the kingdom's throne between 1858 and 1863.
4803:
3784:
1769:
775:
7252:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
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and which saw Kedah as its vassal state, frequently demanded that Kedah send reinforcements. Kedah, in many cases, was a reluctant ally to Siam.
1934:
7371:
7326:
4185:
2027:
4477:
3168:. The Sultan would never agree to a British base in Singapore. However, Tengku Abdul Rahman had become sultan only because his older brother,
6817:
2779:
7245:
7228:
7106:
3932:
3696:(roughly royal sea admiral). The strained relationship between Dato' Bandar and Dato' Kelana caused frequent disturbances in Sungai Ujong.
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1864:
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The Malay rulers did not acknowledge the agreement, but were too weak to resist British influence. In Kedah after the Bangkok Treaty,
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4700:
3686:. This conflict between the two princes divided the confederation and threatened the reliability of tin supply from Negeri Sembilan.
3322:
British and French pressures forced Siam to give up its territorial claims on Indochina and the Malay Peninsula, as depicted in this
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2560:
3501:
Meanwhile, there was a power struggle in the Perak royal court. Sultan Ali died in 1871 and the next in line for the throne was the
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was appointed to serve as the Sultan's advisor. Around a year later, a lawyer from Singapore named J. G. Davidson was appointed as
2017:
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431:
3283:. With Calcutta's waning power, and after intense lobbying by the administrators of the settlements, in 1867 they were declared a
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3139:. Before establishing Singapore, Raffles was the Lieutenant Governor of Java from 1811 to 1815. In 1818 he was appointed to
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5826:
4823:
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To streamline the administration of the Malay states, and especially to protect and further develop the lucrative trade in
3537:
on 20 January 1874, Clarke acknowledged Raja Abdullah as the legitimate sultan of Perak. It resulted in the appointment of
3341:
2640:
2410:
1984:
1914:
1719:
3455:
Perak is a state on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was discovered to be rich in
6930:
5712:
5600:
3012:, the capital of Penang. Across the North Channel seen is Butterworth, on the mainland known as Seberang Perai, formerly
2440:
2290:
2210:
1964:
1669:
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Dato' Bandar fled to Kepayang. Despite this defeat, the British paid him a pension and granted him asylum in Singapore.
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on 31 January 1948. The federation achieved independence on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963 the federation became
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economic exploitation in the Unfederated Malay States as they primarily desired to simply keep them in line; limited
2772:
2430:
1924:
3464:
1818 Siam ordered Kedah to attack Perak. The lack of security in Perak forced the British to protect Perak in 1826.
2944:
who arrived in the 16th century. However, the British only became formally involved in Malay politics in 1771, when
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6670:
4890:
3354:(EIC) was interested only in trading, and tried to avoid Malay politics. However, Siam's influence in the northern
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1709:
1604:
1471:
329:
219:
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1944:
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2956:. The British established a trading post in Singapore in 1819 and gained complete control of the island in 1824.
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1997:
1974:
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the Unfederated Malay States. Under British hegemony, Malaya was one of the most profitable territories of the
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and suspected pirates were sentenced to death. The Sultan expressed concern and requested assistance from Sir
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6518:
5959:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
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The years before 1873 were relatively calm as Dato' Kelana had to give extra attention to Sungai Linggi as
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4458:"Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and the British Colonization of Singapore among Penang, Melaka and Bencoonen"
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Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources
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Red Star over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict during and after the Japanese Occupation, 1941β1946
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in London. However, the declaration gave the colony a considerable degree of self-governance within the
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By 1873 the Colonial Office in London came to perceive Ord as incompetent. He was soon replaced by Sir
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3612:. As Hulu Klang prospered, several settlements started to rise up by the late 1860s. Two of them were
7249:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
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3459:, with the richest alluvial deposits of tin in the world. Europe at the same time was undergoing an
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After Japan's surrender at the end of the Second World War, Malaya and Singapore were placed under
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4104:) into the federation as new states. Singapore was expelled from the federation on 9 August 1965.
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1869:
1844:
1594:
4073:, the loose administration of British Malaya was finally consolidated with the formation of the
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did not affect Malaya directly, aside from a naval skirmish between the renegade German cruiser
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have a say in Selangorean politics. One major disturbance, amounting to a civil war, was the
3600:
Meanwhile, Hulu Klang enjoyed unprecedented growth due to tin mining. Between 1849 and 1850,
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3056:
2520:
2037:
1749:
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2998:, to open up the Kedah's market for trading. Light was also a captain in the service of the
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3861:
3588:
as the capital of Selangor in 1880, and would later be designated as the capitals of the
3402:
3307:
3216:
3009:
2921:
2894:
2862:
2838:
1501:
1195:
713:
676:
156:
3248:
Until 1867, the Straits Settlements were answerable to the British administrator of the
6936:
6918:
6858:
6749:
6475:
6437:
6413:
6394:
6285:
5832:
5758:
5724:
5623:
5606:
5532:
5325:
5262:
5230:
4783:
4739:
4179:
3877:
3868:
and the standalone protectorates of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu and Johor. The
3842:
3822:
3794:
3371:
3351:
3249:
3065:
3051:
Light's refusal caused the Sultan to strengthen Kedah's military forces and to fortify
3013:
2999:
2870:
2736:
1419:
1339:
1155:
1087:
933:
799:
392:
7296:
6882:
6500:
6465:
6197:
6085:
6033:
6027:
6011:
5850:
5844:
5794:
5764:
5694:
5455:
5370:
5355:
5350:
5330:
5297:
5205:
5126:
4778:
4434:
4396:
4375:
4349:
4310:
4269:
4165:
4053:
3810:
3758:
3318:
3196:
3144:
3140:
2965:
2845:
hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the term "
2719:
1759:
1634:
1024:
1014:
913:
470:
81:
4487:
4328:
4162:
Ralph Fitch, England's Pioneer To India And Burma: His Companions And Contemporaries
3577:
3207:
7253:
7186:
7178:
7170:
7098:
7009:
6977:
6864:
6664:
6576:
6361:
5887:
5880:
5782:
5667:
5615:
5401:
5018:
4070:
4015:
3998:
3984:
3964:
3873:
3710:
When the British changed their non-interventionist policy in 1873 by replacing Sir
3660:
3656:
3652:
3542:
3394:
3306:, while Singapore was separated from the rest of the former colony and made into a
3280:
3226:
3184:
3136:
3132:
2799:
2731:
2709:
2250:
2100:
1904:
1551:
1461:
1409:
1275:
1120:
1034:
923:
870:
5501:
2893:. During the Second World War, Japan ruled a part of Malaya as a single unit from
7376:
7206:
6983:
6912:
6703:
6642:
6481:
6165:
6067:
5770:
5460:
5360:
5345:
5038:
4808:
4522:
4481:
4390:
4335:
4304:
3994:
3869:
3700:
3679:
3617:
3507:
3473:
3288:
3165:
3161:
3118:
3096:
2971:
2937:
2834:
2755:
2240:
2120:
1894:
1794:
1359:
1064:
1054:
1001:
978:
635:
565:
551:
483:
3860:
By 1910 the British had established seven polities on the Malay Peninsula β the
3608:. He supplied the mining colonies in Hulu Klang with goods ranging from rice to
7091:
7079:
6924:
6540:
6469:
6458:
6247:
6209:
6079:
6073:
6039:
5580:
5503:
5149:
4754:
4624:
4535:
4411:
4341:
3952:
3948:
3390:
3367:
3292:
3061:
3043:. The new Sultan offered Light (who later became a British representative) the
2882:
2861:, which were British protectorates with their own local rulers, as well as the
2850:
2842:
2826:
1481:
1329:
1245:
1185:
1044:
344:
231:
191:
36:
3417:
to the British. This demarcation as stated in the agreement remains today the
7315:
7132:
6952:
6133:
6017:
5386:
5315:
4870:
4768:
4744:
4573:
4287:
4283:
4074:
4045:
3683:
3563:
3486:
3409:
3398:
3331:
3303:
3268:
3264:
3230:
3092:
3052:
3044:
3005:
2987:
2949:
2901:
2877:
2866:
2360:
2065:
1614:
1225:
1175:
900:
579:
444:
3888:
7162:
6870:
6431:
6425:
6406:
6171:
5906:
5813:
5752:
5746:
5412:
4640:
4527:
4523:
4422:
4063:
3689:
3640:
3621:
3613:
3585:
3581:
3538:
3503:
3481:
3355:
3299:
3284:
1814:
1739:
1644:
1541:
1349:
315:
3671:
3562:, just to the south of Perak also had considerable deposits of tin around
3302:, the colony was dissolved. Malacca and Penang were absorbed into the new
7279:
6775:
6676:
6487:
6091:
5991:
5706:
5700:
3584:
circa 1884. Founded in 1859, the mining settlement would grow to succeed
3393:
however was annexed by Siam in the same agreement. Patani was split into
3345:
3160:, the Sultan of the Johore-Riau-Lingga Sultanate (otherwise known as the
2941:
2846:
746:
353:
338:
267:
4298:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 478.
4058:
3745:
6552:
6533:
6276:
6055:
5674:
5594:
4392:
Social roots of the Malay Left: an analysis of the Kesatuan Melayu Muda
3838:
3707:
unchecked influence, and sought ways to counter his adversary's power.
3625:
3382:
3149:
3039:
Two years later, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa died and was succeeded by Sultan
2370:
1511:
1285:
1235:
890:
845:
786:
243:
135:
69:
3809:, as evident in the earlier period, when Pahang was developed through
3493:
7198:
6051:
5800:
5587:
3834:
3711:
3633:
3601:
3554:
3518:
3446:
3272:
3257:
3076:
2970:
In the mid-18th century, British firms could be found trading in the
1315:
1295:
953:
943:
810:
279:
4678:
2912:
on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, the federation, along with
7126:
7041:
6320:
6272:
6021:
5948:
5934:
5930:
5900:
5688:
5391:
4709:
4086:
3902:
3854:
3559:
3374:
and allowed the EIC to trade in Terengganu and Kelantan unimpeded.
3363:
3253:
3245:) were also placed under the authority of the Straits Settlements.
3123:
2925:
759:
593:
255:
4461:
3872:
had a limited impact on Malaya, with notable events including the
3639:
In November 1873, a ship from Penang was attacked by pirates near
7035:
6368:
6328:
5921:
5678:
5637:
4097:
3663:
was nominated for the Resident post but he was deemed too young.
3477:
3238:
130:
4325:
Planting Empire, Cultivating Subjects: British Malaya, 1786-1941
4124:
4122:
3082:
2931:
7045:
6420:
6185:
5963:
5568:
4648:
3386:
3234:
3188:
3173:
3021:
2979:
2890:
1884:
1521:
880:
621:
3763:
6546:
6268:
5740:
4141:
C. Northcote Parkinson (June 1956). "The British in Malaya".
4119:
4101:
3644:
3609:
3567:
3517:
The Governor of the Straits Settlements at that time was Sir
3469:
3414:
3359:
3242:
3221:
After the British secured Malacca from the Dutch through the
3029:
2991:
2983:
2953:
607:
2904:
was unpopular and in 1948 was dissolved and replaced by the
6097:
4025:
in 1941, as part of the coordinated attack that started at
3025:
2817:
2814:
2805:
28:
3805:. Federalisation also brought benefit through cooperative
2865:, which were under the sovereignty and direct rule of the
3490:(chief minister), was unable to enforce the rule of law.
3456:
3143:. Realising how the Dutch were monopolising trade in the
2886:
4427:
Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah Sejarah Tingkatan 2
4306:
13 May 1969: A Historical Survey of Sino-Malay Relations
4240:
4228:
4140:
3817:
funds derived from the revenue of Selangor and Perak.
7151:
6284:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
4488:
Malaysia Design Archive | 1850 to 1943: Modernisation
4204:
4425:; Muhd Yusof bin Ibrahim; D.S. Ranjit Singh (1994).
3164:), in turn under the influence of the Dutch and the
2811:
4021:The Second World War however consumed the country.
3972:
2974:. In April 1771, Jourdain, Sulivan and de Souza, a
2808:
2802:
3211:Postage stamp of the Straits Settlements from 1883
124:British dependencies in Malaya and Singapore, 1888
7392:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia
4362:Parkinson, C. Northcote. "The British in Malaya"
4216:
4192:
3566:in the north, Hulu Klang in the central area and
3313:
3172:or Tengku Long, had been away getting married in
70:Flag of the United Kingdom and the British Empire
7313:
4409:
4263:
4128:
3849:. This became the accepted model for the future
3770:. Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895β1946)
3666:
3833:separate lands governed by their own different
3753:
3156:Singapore was then under the control of Tengku
2853:, British Malaya is often used to refer to the
3958:
3377:83 years later, a new treaty now known as the
7382:States and territories disestablished in 1957
6811:
5487:
4694:
4508:
4416:. Lloyd's Greater Britain publishing Company.
4039:
3628:was instrumental in developing Kuala Lumpur.
3287:and placed directly under the control of the
3083:Expansion of British influence (19th century)
2932:Initial British involvement in Malay politics
2773:
7367:1957 disestablishments in the British Empire
7246:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
7229:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
7107:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4159:
3350:Prior to the late 19th century, the British
3131:Modern Singapore was founded in 1819 by Sir
3883:
3440:
3405:provinces after the signing of the treaty.
3267:, the East India Company was dissolved and
3024:faced external threats during this period.
2833:) loosely describes a set of states on the
7387:States and territories established in 1819
6818:
6804:
5494:
5480:
4701:
4687:
4515:
4501:
4410:Wright, Arnold; Cartwright, H. A. (1908).
4184:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2780:
2766:
497:Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
118:
7357:1819 establishments in the British Empire
3091:From the 17th to the early 19th century,
7332:1957 disestablishments in British Malaya
6290:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
4282:
4057:
3887:
3783:
3757:
3744:
3670:
3576:
3492:
3317:
3206:
3122:
3004:
2885:, being the world's largest producer of
424:15 February 1942 β 2 September 1945
4346:Southeast Asia: An Introductory History
4340:
3643:, Selangor. A court was assembled near
3135:, with a great deal of help from Major
2351:1998β1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak
16:Former set of states on Malay Peninsula
7314:
7275:Historical flags of the British Empire
7259:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
4476:Arkib Negara. Hari ini dalam sejarah.
4455:
4302:
4246:
4210:
3202:
3106:
2936:The first English trader to visit the
7372:Former countries in Malaysian history
7327:1819 establishments in British Malaya
7150:
7062:
6799:
6308:
5980:
5655:
5551:
5475:
4708:
4682:
4496:
4327:(Cambridge University Press, 2017).
4062:Protest against the Malayan Union by
3079:, and occupied the state until 1842.
510:Federation of Malaya Independence Day
5140:States and municipalities by exports
4829:2020β2022 Malaysian political crisis
4388:
4369:
4234:
4222:
4198:
3897:The unfederated Malay states in blue
3497:Raja Abdullah, later Sultan of Perak
3433:, accept a British advisor in 1923.
3324:map of Thailand's territorial losses
2641:2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack
7086:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
5929:. British Cameroons is now part of
3938:In 1909 however, High Commissioner
3933:governor of the Straits Settlements
3095:was a Dutch possession. During the
2959:
2869:, after a period of control by the
2441:2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia
13:
5945:unilaterally declared independence
5640:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
4449:
3113:Founding years of modern Singapore
2924:, formed the larger federation of
2281:Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire
2201:Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident
723:
14:
7403:
7152:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
7131:Occupied by Argentina during the
7063:
6309:
2948:tried to set up trading posts in
2451:Attacks against places of worship
7295:
7286:
7285:
6698:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4789:IndonesiaβMalaysia confrontation
4372:The Origins of Malay Nationalism
3973:The Second World War (1941β1945)
3914:
3901:
3762:
3636:which lasted from 1867 to 1874.
3342:Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782β1932)
2798:
2749:
2411:2006β2007 Southeast Asian floods
681:
667:
642:
628:
614:
600:
586:
572:
558:
544:
393:East India Company establishment
162:
149:
85:
61:
4456:Firaci, Biagio (10 June 2014).
4421:Zainal Abidin bin Abdul Wahid;
4034:British Military Administration
2271:Penang terminal bridge collapse
1256:Separation of Perlis from Kedah
432:British Military Administration
7362:1957 disestablishments in Asia
7337:British Malaya in World War II
7194:Australian Antarctic Territory
6050:since 1965 (before as part of
6047:British Indian Ocean Territory
5933:, while Tanganyika is part of
5567:since 1960 (before as part of
4289:"Malay States (British)"
4268:. Singapore University Press.
4153:
4134:
4014:, in what became known as the
3314:Northern Malay states and Siam
3271:came under the direct rule of
2996:Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II
2181:Campbell Shopping Complex fire
1:
4760:Japanese occupation of Malaya
4665:Crown Colony of North Borneo
4107:
3979:Japanese occupation of Malaya
3667:Sungai Ujong, Negeri Sembilan
3602:Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar
3275:, which was exercised by the
2849:", which excludes the Indian
2391:2002 Taman Hillview landslide
1446:Japanese occupation of Malaya
905:
764:
5508:British Overseas Territories
5074:State legislative assemblies
4794:Sarawak communist insurgency
4478:Penubuhan Majlis Persekutuan
3827:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
3754:Centralisation (1890sβ1910s)
3379:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
3336:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
3277:Secretary of State for India
3127:1888 German map of Singapore
2876:Before the formation of the
2631:2024 Lumut helicopters crash
2551:Kim Jong-nam's Assassination
2431:Bukit Antarabangsa landslide
1710:North Borneo self-governance
7:
7352:1819 establishments in Asia
7221:British Antarctic Territory
6931:Western Pacific Territories
6825:
5293:Water supply and sanitation
4819:1997 Asian financial crisis
4484: (archived 9 June 2007)
4366:(June 1956) 6#6 pp 367β375.
4160:Horton Ryley, John (1899).
3959:Economic depression (1930s)
3921:British Straits Settlements
3675:The flag of Negeri Sembilan
3548:
3176:when their father β Sultan
2481:Genting Highlands bus crash
2461:Cameron Highlands bus crash
2161:AIA building hostage crisis
2131:Ligitan and Sipadan dispute
2080:Philippine militant attacks
1885:Federal Territory of Labuan
1815:Declaration of Rukun Negara
1805:National Operations Council
1770:Second communist insurgency
10:
7408:
6959:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
6376:British Arctic Territories
5656:
5552:
4856:Cities, towns and villages
4814:1988 constitutional crisis
4598:Crown Colony of Singapore
4043:
4040:Decolonisation (1945β1963)
3982:
3976:
3962:
3773:
3552:
3444:
3339:
3329:
3223:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
3214:
3116:
3110:
3101:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
2963:
2611:2022 Batang Kali landslide
1925:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
7347:20th century in Singapore
7270:
7239:
7199:Commonwealth of Australia
7157:
7146:
7117:
7069:
7058:
7024:
6831:
6795:
6601:Newfoundland and Labrador
6315:
6304:
6282:League of Nations mandate
6263:
5987:
5976:
5957:Lancaster House Agreement
5927:League of Nations mandate
5916:
5662:
5651:
5558:
5547:
5514:
5426:
5379:
5306:
5196:
5187:
5095:
5086:
4984:
4975:
4846:
4837:
4720:
4617:
4558:Unfederated Malay States
4542:
4374:. Yale University Press.
4264:Cheah Boon Kheng (1983).
4089:, by bringing Singapore (
3737:
3572:Muhammad Shah of Selangor
2541:Movida Bar grenade attack
2291:Bright Sparklers disaster
2191:Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash
2171:National Monument bombing
2141:Kuala Lumpur flash floods
1935:Royal Immunity Amendments
1680:Singapore self-governance
1591:Crown Colony of N. Borneo
1206:Siamese invasion of Kedah
523:
519:
506:
493:
480:
467:
454:
441:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
372:
365:
350:
335:
325:
321:
309:
299:
285:
273:
261:
249:
237:
225:
213:
201:
197:
187:
141:
129:
117:
82:"God Save the King/Queen"
76:
58:
45:
23:
7342:20th century in Malaysia
6729:Turks and Caicos Islands
6036:(protectorate) 1907β1949
5981:
5611:(integrated into the UK)
5346:Malay ethnic nationalism
4804:Second Malayan Emergency
4657:Crown Colony of Sarawak
4582:Crown Colony of Malacca
4431:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
4370:Roff, Willam R. (1967).
4069:Within a year after the
4004:and the Russian cruiser
3884:Decentralisation (1920s)
3780:Unfederated Malay States
3441:Pangkor Treaty and Perak
3419:MalaysiaβThailand border
3408:Though the Siamese king
3075:, sacked the capital of
3028:, which was at war with
2910:became fully independent
2859:Unfederated Malay States
2841:that were brought under
2561:Darul Quran madrasa fire
2381:2001 Kampung Medan riots
2301:Highland Towers collapse
1998:Pakatan Harapan takeover
1400:Unfederated Malay States
992:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
179:Unfederated Malay States
7012:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
6837:18th and 19th centuries
6653:Queen Charlotte Islands
6613:North-Western Territory
6585:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
6188:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
5853:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
5539:Commonwealth of Nations
4633:Crown Colony of Labuan
4590:Crown Colony of Penang
4566:Federated Malay States
4295:Encyclopædia Britannica
3847:constitutional monarchy
3722:Soon, a company led by
3263:In 1858, following the
2621:2023 Elmina plane crash
2601:2021-22 Malaysia floods
2581:2020-21 Malaysia floods
2571:2018 Subang Temple riot
2531:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
2511:2014β15 Malaysia floods
2421:Bukit Gantang bus crash
1865:South China Sea dispute
1845:1977 Kelantan Emergency
1835:Federal Territory of KL
1730:Sarawak self-governance
804:65,000–40,000 BCE
380:Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824
6762:West Indies Federation
5951:) and continued as an
5537:Current member of the
5145:Science and technology
4066:
3924:
3908:Federated Malay States
3866:Federated Malay States
3790:
3776:Federated Malay States
3771:
3750:
3676:
3597:
3590:Federated Malay States
3498:
3451:Pangkor Treaty of 1874
3327:
3212:
3128:
3041:Abdullah Mukarram Shah
3017:
2830:
2231:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
2101:Brunei's Limbang claim
1945:Asian financial crisis
1532:Sandakan Death Marches
1380:Federated Malay States
1266:Crown Colony of Labuan
728:
170:Federated Malay States
29:
6684:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5955:state until the 1979
5564:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
4799:Singapore in Malaysia
4606:Federation of Malaya
4389:Sani, Rustam (2008).
4348:. Allen & Unwin.
4303:Comber, Leon (1983).
4129:Cheah Boon Kheng 1983
4061:
3983:Further information:
3963:Further information:
3891:
3787:
3761:
3749:Evolution of Malaysia
3748:
3674:
3580:
3553:Further information:
3496:
3461:industrial revolution
3340:Further information:
3321:
3308:separate Crown colony
3210:
3126:
3117:Further information:
3008:
2952:, formerly a part of
2471:Hulu Langat landslide
2151:Malaysian haze crisis
1915:Constitutional crisis
1750:Singapore in Malaysia
1740:Formation of Malaysia
1605:Anti-cession movement
1492:Parit Sulong Massacre
971:Rise of Muslim states
895:100 BCE–1474 CE
727:
7212:Realm of New Zealand
7210:(transferred to the
7197:(transferred to the
7030:Realm of New Zealand
6631:Prince Edward Island
6509:1671β1816, 1833β1960
5624:Malta (Protectorate)
5175:World Bank Relations
4913:World Heritage Sites
4891:environmental issues
4774:Federation of Malaya
4550:Straits Settlements
4323:Lees, Lynn Hollen.
4083:Federation of Malaya
4050:Federation of Malaya
4023:Japan invaded Malaya
3851:Federation of Malaya
3815:equalisation payment
3807:economic development
3728:Chinese Protectorate
3724:William A. Pickering
3594:Federation of Malaya
2906:Federation of Malaya
2831:Tanah Melayu British
2401:Indian Ocean tsunami
2091:Singapore race riots
2076:North Borneo dispute
1855:Pedra Branca dispute
1670:Malayan Independence
1625:Federation of Malaya
1390:Anglo-Siamese Treaty
1370:Mat Salleh Rebellion
1166:DutchβPortuguese War
885:100 BCE–642 CE
837:11,000–200 BCE
663:Federation of Malaya
650:Rattanakosin Kingdom
458:Federation of Malaya
30:Tanah Melayu British
7243:Since 2009 part of
7135:of AprilβJune 1982.
6722:Trinidad and Tobago
6336:Antigua and Barbuda
6236:Straits Settlements
4943:Peninsular Malaysia
4334:3 July 2020 at the
4237:, pp. 117β118.
3989:Battle of Singapore
3945:Laurence Guillemard
3931:, who was also the
3862:Straits Settlements
3694:laksamana raja laut
3217:Straits Settlements
3203:Straits Settlements
3187:, off the coast of
3107:Johor and Singapore
2863:Straits Settlements
2839:island of Singapore
2756:Malaysia portal
2591:LRT train collision
2361:Al-Ma'unah incident
2341:Tropical Storm Greg
1825:New Economic Policy
1662:Independence period
1502:Battle of Singapore
1196:Straits Settlements
1131:Kubang Pasu Kingdom
850:500 – 200 BCE
677:Colony of Singapore
419:Japanese occupation
406:Pangkor Treaty 1874
157:Straits Settlements
50:Japanese occupation
6395:Cape Breton Island
6286:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
6128:Unfederated States
5943:Southern Rhodesia
5533:Commonwealth realm
5263:Malaysian diaspora
5155:Telecommunications
4784:Malaysia Agreement
4740:Portuguese Malacca
4464:on 28 October 2019
4309:. Heinemann Asia.
4100:and North Borneo (
4067:
3925:
3878:Kelantan rebellion
3837:rulers, towards a
3823:economic potential
3791:
3772:
3751:
3677:
3598:
3499:
3372:Province Wellesley
3352:East India Company
3328:
3250:East India Company
3213:
3129:
3066:Province Wellesley
3018:
3014:Province Wellesley
3000:East India Company
2871:East India Company
2331:Pos Dipang mudflow
2111:Penang Hartal riot
1955:Reformasi Movement
1700:Sarawak Insurgency
1420:Kelantan rebellion
1340:Jementah Civil War
1246:Kingdom of Sarawak
1216:Anglo-Dutch Treaty
1156:Portuguese Malacca
1088:Selangor Sultanate
737:Prehistoric period
729:
471:Emergency declared
7309:
7308:
7266:
7265:
7142:
7141:
7074:Providence Island
7054:
7053:
7019:
7018:
6887:Western Australia
6855:Van Diemen's Land
6791:
6790:
6768:Associated States
6466:Columbia District
6300:
6299:
6154:Manila and Cavite
5972:
5971:
5851:Southern Rhodesia
5845:South-West Africa
5795:Northern Rhodesia
5707:Cape of Good Hope
5647:
5646:
5527:Current territory
5469:
5468:
5422:
5421:
5248:Income inequality
5243:Human trafficking
5183:
5182:
5082:
5081:
5064:Political parties
5009:Foreign relations
4971:
4970:
4779:Malayan Emergency
4676:
4675:
4668:
4667:(1946–1963)
4660:
4659:(1946–1963)
4652:
4651:(1888–1984)
4644:
4643:(1882–1946)
4636:
4635:(1848–1946)
4628:
4627:(1841–1946)
4609:
4608:(1948–1957)
4601:
4600:(1946–1963)
4593:
4592:(1946–1957)
4585:
4584:(1946–1957)
4577:
4576:(1946–1948)
4569:
4568:(1895–1946)
4561:
4560:(1885–1946)
4553:
4552:(1826–1946)
4316:978-967-925-001-5
4249:, pp. 11β14.
4077:on 1 April 1946.
4054:Malayan Emergency
4010:off the coast of
3940:Sir John Anderson
3929:High Commissioner
3811:fiscal federalism
3431:Abdul Hamid Halim
3197:Sultanate of Riau
3145:Malay Archipelago
2966:History of Penang
2790:
2789:
2649:
2648:
2311:Genting landslide
2261:Ming Court Affair
2049:
2048:
2028:Bornean Amendment
2008:COVID-19 pandemic
1965:H1N1 flu pandemic
1873:
1778:
1777:
1760:ASEAN Declaration
1653:
1652:
1635:Malayan Emergency
1560:
1559:
1428:
1427:
1139:
1138:
1078:Sarawak Sultanate
1055:Pattani Sultanate
1015:Malacca Sultanate
962:
961:
908:100 CE–1025
854:
853:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
655:
654:
437:12 September 1945
311:β’ 1952β1957
301:β’ 1945β1952
287:β’ 1942β1945
275:β’ 1936β1942
263:β’ 1936β1936
251:β’ 1910β1936
239:β’ 1901β1910
227:β’ 1837β1901
215:β’ 1830β1837
203:β’ 1826β1830
111:
7399:
7299:
7289:
7288:
7254:Antarctic Treaty
7215:
7202:
7187:Falkland Islands
7179:Tristan da Cunha
7171:Ascension Island
7148:
7147:
7099:Falkland Islands
7060:
7059:
7028:Now part of the
6900:Pitcairn Islands
6865:Auckland Islands
6834:
6833:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6797:
6796:
6782:Windward Islands
6736:Vancouver Island
6513:MassachusettsBay
6382:British Columbia
6306:
6305:
6122:Federated States
5978:
5977:
5888:Tristan da Cunha
5857:Southern Nigeria
5789:Northern Nigeria
5668:Ascension Island
5653:
5652:
5612:
5549:
5548:
5523:Former territory
5520:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5473:
5472:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5194:
5193:
5130:
5093:
5092:
4982:
4981:
4844:
4843:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4460:. Archived from
4444:
4417:
4406:
4385:
4359:
4320:
4299:
4291:
4279:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4213:, pp. 9β10.
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4071:Second World War
4016:Battle of Penang
3985:Battle of Malaya
3965:Great Depression
3919:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3874:Battle of Penang
3766:
3661:Frank Swettenham
3657:British Resident
3653:Frank Swettenham
3543:British resident
3281:Viceroy of India
3227:Christmas Island
3137:William Farquhar
3133:Stamford Raffles
3045:island of Penang
2960:Penang and Kedah
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2521:Sabah earthquake
2062:
2061:
2045:
2018:Political crisis
1992:
1975:Sedition Dragnet
1905:Operation Lalang
1879:
1867:
1791:
1790:
1666:
1665:
1573:
1572:
1569:Formative period
1552:Jesselton revolt
1472:Bornean Campaign
1462:Malayan campaign
1441:
1440:
1410:Battle of Penang
1276:Pahang Civil War
1152:
1151:
1095:
1072:
1035:Pahang Sultanate
1009:
1002:Brunei Sultanate
986:
975:
974:
907:
867:
866:
844:
833:
822:
798:
774:
766:
758:
742:
741:
717:
699:
698:
685:
684:
671:
670:
659:
658:
646:
645:
632:
631:
618:
617:
604:
603:
590:
589:
576:
575:
562:
561:
548:
547:
541:
540:
525:
524:
398:27 November 1826
360:House of Commons
177:
168:
166:
165:
155:
153:
152:
122:
113:
112:
65:
40:
32:
21:
20:
7407:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7262:
7235:
7209:
7207:Ross Dependency
7196:
7153:
7138:
7113:
7065:
7050:
7020:
7015:
6971:
6966:Solomon Islands
6913:North Australia
6893:South Australia
6849:New South Wales
6827:
6824:
6787:
6507:Leeward Islands
6311:
6296:
6259:
6166:Muscat and Oman
5983:
5968:
5912:
5658:
5643:
5610:
5554:
5543:
5518:
5510:
5500:
5470:
5465:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5418:
5375:
5366:Public holidays
5302:
5283:Sex trafficking
5179:
5128:
5078:
5044:Law enforcement
4967:
4833:
4809:13 May incident
4716:
4707:
4677:
4672:
4625:Raj of Sarawak
4613:
4538:
4521:
4482:Wayback Machine
4467:
4465:
4452:
4450:Further reading
4447:
4441:
4403:
4382:
4356:
4342:Osborne, Milton
4336:Wayback Machine
4317:
4276:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4158:
4154:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4120:
4110:
4056:
4044:Main articles:
4042:
3995:First World War
3991:
3981:
3975:
3967:
3961:
3913:
3911:
3910:(FMS) in yellow
3900:
3898:
3896:
3886:
3870:First World War
3853:and ultimately
3813:, using fiscal
3789:across the FMS.
3782:
3774:Main articles:
3756:
3740:
3680:Negeri Sembilan
3669:
3557:
3551:
3453:
3445:Main articles:
3443:
3348:
3338:
3330:Main articles:
3316:
3298:In 1946, after
3289:Colonial Office
3219:
3205:
3178:Mahmud Shah III
3162:Johor Sultanate
3121:
3119:Johor Sultanate
3115:
3109:
3097:Napoleonic Wars
3085:
2992:Sultan of Kedah
2972:Malay Peninsula
2968:
2962:
2938:Malay Peninsula
2934:
2851:princely states
2835:Malay Peninsula
2801:
2797:
2786:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2321:MH2133 incident
2251:Sabah Emergency
2241:Memali Incident
2121:13 May Incident
2059:
2051:
2050:
2043:
1990:
1895:Memali incident
1877:
1795:13 May incident
1788:
1780:
1779:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1455:
1452:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1360:Pahang Uprising
1149:
1148:Colonial period
1141:
1140:
1093:
1070:
1065:Johor Sultanate
1007:
984:
979:Kedah Sultanate
972:
964:
963:
948:700s–1025
864:
856:
855:
846:Neolithic Klang
842:
834:Perak man/woman
831:
823:Bewah man/woman
820:
796:
772:
760:Lenggong Valley
756:
739:
715:
708:
682:
668:
643:
636:Negeri Sembilan
629:
615:
601:
587:
573:
566:Johor Sultanate
559:
552:Kedah Sultanate
545:
512:
499:
489:18 January 1956
486:
484:Reid Commission
473:
463:1 February 1948
460:
447:
434:
421:
411:20 January 1874
408:
395:
382:
356:
341:
312:
302:
288:
276:
264:
252:
240:
228:
216:
204:
183:
175:
174:
163:
161:
150:
148:
125:
86:
84:
72:
67:
66:
53:
47:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7405:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7322:British Malaya
7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7293:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7257:
7250:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7225:
7217:
7204:
7191:
7183:
7175:
7167:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7129:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7080:Willoughbyland
7077:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7038:
7032:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7007:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6981:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6962:
6956:
6950:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6922:
6916:
6910:
6904:
6896:
6890:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6852:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6800:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6759:
6753:
6747:
6743:Virgin Islands
6739:
6733:
6725:
6719:
6713:
6710:South Carolina
6707:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6607:North Carolina
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6544:
6541:Mosquito Coast
6538:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6510:
6504:
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6473:
6470:Oregon Country
6463:
6459:Cayman Islands
6455:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6417:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6379:
6373:
6365:
6358:
6352:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6279:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6251:
6248:Trucial States
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6189:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6169:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5995:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5960:
5941:Self-governing
5938:
5924:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5713:Central Africa
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5682:
5672:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5604:
5601:Ionian Islands
5598:
5592:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5524:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5504:British Empire
5499:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5476:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5150:Stock exchange
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5122:Federal budget
5119:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5069:Prime Minister
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:Shadow Cabinet
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:National parks
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:climate change
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4757:
4755:British Borneo
4752:
4750:British Malaya
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4654:
4646:
4638:
4630:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4574:Malayan Union
4571:
4563:
4555:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4532:British Malaya
4528:Crown colonies
4520:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4474:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4418:
4407:
4402:978-9833782444
4401:
4386:
4381:978-9676530592
4380:
4367:
4360:
4354:
4338:
4321:
4315:
4300:
4286:, ed. (1911).
4284:Chisholm, Hugh
4280:
4274:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4191:
4171:978-1104443993
4170:
4152:
4133:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4091:self-governing
4041:
4038:
3977:Main article:
3974:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3953:British Borneo
3949:Cecil Clementi
3893:Malaya in 1922
3885:
3882:
3755:
3752:
3739:
3736:
3668:
3665:
3550:
3547:
3539:J. W. W. Birch
3535:Pangkor Treaty
3442:
3439:
3426:George Maxwell
3362:, Terengganu,
3315:
3312:
3293:British Empire
3215:Main article:
3204:
3201:
3170:Tengku Hussein
3111:Main article:
3108:
3105:
3084:
3081:
3071:In 1821, Siam
2978:firm based in
2964:Main article:
2961:
2958:
2933:
2930:
2794:British Malaya
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Constitutional
2667:
2665:Communications
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2491:MH370 incident
2487:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:MH653 incident
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:Battle of Muar
1478:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1326:British Malaya
1322:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:Pangkor Treaty
1302:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:Pahang Kingdom
1182:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:Aceh Sultanate
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1025:Sulu Sultanate
1021:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
988:
987:
981:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
960:
959:
956:
950:
949:
946:
940:
939:
936:
930:
929:
928:170–1135
926:
920:
919:
916:
910:
909:
903:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
865:
863:Early kingdoms
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
851:
848:
839:
838:
835:
828:
827:
824:
817:
816:
814:
806:
805:
802:
793:
792:
790:
782:
781:
778:
776:Mansuli Valley
769:
768:
767:2,000,0000 BCE
762:
753:
752:
750:
740:
735:
734:
731:
730:
720:
719:
710:
709:
702:
695:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
679:
673:
672:
665:
656:
653:
652:
647:
639:
638:
633:
625:
624:
619:
611:
610:
605:
597:
596:
591:
583:
582:
577:
569:
568:
563:
555:
554:
549:
537:
536:
531:
521:
520:
517:
516:
515:31 August 1957
513:
507:
504:
503:
500:
494:
491:
490:
487:
481:
478:
477:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
455:
452:
451:
448:
442:
439:
438:
435:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
413:
412:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
363:
362:
357:
351:
348:
347:
345:House of Lords
342:
336:
333:
332:
327:
323:
322:
319:
318:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
289:
286:
283:
282:
277:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
241:
238:
235:
234:
229:
226:
223:
222:
217:
214:
211:
210:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
182:
181:
172:
159:
145:
143:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
123:
115:
114:
74:
73:
68:
60:
59:
56:
55:
43:
42:
27:
25:British Malaya
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7404:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7292:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7269:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7149:
7145:
7134:
7133:Falklands War
7130:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7064:South America
7061:
7057:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6953:Union Islands
6951:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6821:
6816:
6814:
6809:
6807:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6665:Rupert's Land
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6625:Paulet affair
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6571:New Hampshire
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6559:New Brunswick
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6310:North America
6307:
6303:
6293:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6230:South Vietnam
6228:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5654:
5650:
5639:
5636:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5497:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:Ethnic groups
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:States by GDP
5133:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Hill stations
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:deforestation
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:East Malaysia
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Malayan Union
4767:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Dutch Malacca
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:North Borneo
4639:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4524:Protectorates
4518:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4442:
4440:983-62-1009-1
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4364:History Today
4361:
4357:
4355:1-86508-390-9
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:online review
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4225:, p. 14.
4224:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4201:, p. 12.
4200:
4195:
4187:
4181:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4149:(6): 367β375.
4148:
4144:
4143:History Today
4137:
4131:, p. 28.
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:Malayan Union
4072:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4046:Malayan Union
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3890:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3803:modernisation
3800:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3716:Andrew Clarke
3713:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:Yamtuan Besar
3681:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3659:in Selangor.
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:Andrew Clarke
3646:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:and Malaysia.
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3564:Hulu Selangor
3561:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3528:
3527:Andrew Clarke
3523:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:Raja Abdullah
3506:
3505:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:Menteri Besar
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3410:Chulalongkorn
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3358:, especially
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3333:
3332:Burney Treaty
3325:
3320:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:Malayan Union
3301:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3269:British India
3266:
3265:Indian Mutiny
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:Cocos Islands
3228:
3224:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:invaded Kedah
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:Francis Light
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2946:Great Britain
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:Malayan Union
2898:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2878:Malayan Union
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:British Crown
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:British India
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2795:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2738:
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2726:
2723:
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2721:
2718:
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2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:MH17 incident
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
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2419:
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2414:
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2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
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2379:
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2329:
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2322:
2319:
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2309:
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2302:
2299:
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2292:
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2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
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2269:
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2264:
2262:
2259:
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2252:
2249:
2248:
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2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:Brunei revolt
2064:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:Modern period
1784:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:Malayan Union
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:BMA of Malaya
1575:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:Burney Treaty
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:Dutch Malacca
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:Reman Kingdom
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:Setul Kingdom
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:Besut Kingdom
1099:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
990:
989:
982:
980:
977:
976:
968:
967:
957:
955:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
941:
937:
935:
932:
931:
927:
925:
922:
921:
918:424–775
917:
915:
912:
911:
904:
902:
901:Gangga Negara
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:Ancient Kedah
869:
868:
860:
859:
849:
847:
841:
840:
836:
830:
829:
825:
819:
818:
815:
813:
812:
808:
807:
803:
801:
800:Niah cultures
795:
794:
791:
789:
788:
784:
783:
779:
777:
771:
770:
763:
761:
755:
754:
751:
749:
748:
744:
743:
738:
733:
732:
726:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
706:
701:
700:
680:
678:
675:
674:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
651:
648:
641:
640:
637:
634:
627:
626:
623:
620:
613:
612:
609:
606:
599:
598:
595:
592:
585:
584:
581:
580:Dutch Malacca
578:
571:
570:
567:
564:
557:
556:
553:
550:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
505:
501:
498:
492:
488:
485:
479:
475:
472:
466:
462:
459:
453:
449:
446:
445:Malayan Union
440:
436:
433:
427:
423:
420:
414:
410:
407:
401:
397:
394:
388:
385:17 March 1824
384:
381:
375:
371:
368:
364:
361:
358:
355:
349:
346:
343:
340:
334:
331:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
308:
304:
298:
295:
294:
290:
284:
281:
278:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
245:
242:
236:
233:
230:
224:
221:
218:
212:
209:
206:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
180:
173:
171:
160:
158:
147:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
121:
116:
83:
79:
75:
71:
64:
57:
51:
44:
38:
31:
22:
19:
7244:
7227:
7219:
7185:
7177:
7169:
7163:Saint Helena
7161:
7105:
7097:
6947:Cook Islands
6898:
6871:New Hebrides
6840:20th century
6756:West Florida
6741:
6727:
6659:Rhode Island
6637:Pennsylvania
6595:Newfoundland
6532:
6457:
6407:East Florida
6378:16th c.β1880
6367:
6319:
6216:Crown Colony
6204:Pulo Condore
6178:Crown Colony
6172:North Borneo
6115:
6045:
6004:Protectorate
5953:unrecognised
5947:in 1965 (as
5886:
5839:South Africa
5827:Sierra Leone
5814:Saint Helena
5812:
5807:Orange River
5685:Bechuanaland
5666:
5586:
5562:
5526:
5506:and Current
5447:Bibliography
5413:Rukun Negara
5411:
5321:Architecture
5273:Prostitution
5216:Demographics
5110:Central bank
5024:Human rights
4999:Constitution
4886:conservation
4824:1MDB scandal
4749:
4531:
4466:. Retrieved
4462:the original
4426:
4423:Khoo Kay Kim
4412:
4391:
4371:
4363:
4345:
4324:
4305:
4293:
4265:
4257:Bibliography
4256:
4255:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4161:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4112:
4111:
4068:
4031:
4027:Pearl Harbor
4020:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3968:
3937:
3926:
3892:
3859:
3831:
3819:
3792:
3767:
3741:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3690:Sungei Ujong
3688:
3678:
3641:Kuala Langat
3638:
3630:
3620:. A Chinese
3614:Kuala Lumpur
3599:
3582:Kuala Lumpur
3558:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3485:
3482:Ngah Ibrahim
3466:
3454:
3435:
3423:
3407:
3376:
3356:Malay states
3349:
3300:World War II
3297:
3285:Crown colony
3262:
3247:
3220:
3193:
3182:
3158:Abdul Rahman
3155:
3148:
3130:
3090:
3086:
3070:
3064:was renamed
3050:
3038:
3034:
3019:
2990:to meet the
2969:
2935:
2914:North Borneo
2899:
2875:
2793:
2791:
2715:Kuala Lumpur
2155:1972βpresent
2085:1962βpresent
1985:1MDB scandal
1645:Baling Talks
1542:Si Rat Malai
1448: /
1437:World War II
1350:North Borneo
1325:
809:
785:
745:
534:Succeeded by
533:
528:
502:31 July 1957
476:16 June 1948
450:1 April 1946
366:
316:Elizabeth II
291:
77:
18:
7280:Anglosphere
6998:New Zealand
6907:New Zealand
6776:West Jersey
6691:Saint Lucia
6677:Saint Kitts
6671:Saint Croix
6651:1763β1791*
6619:Nova Scotia
6565:New England
6521:, 1691β1776
6488:East Jersey
6476:Connecticut
6355:Bay Islands
6242:Transjordan
6160:Mesopotamia
5998:Afghanistan
5992:Aden Colony
5777:Niger Coast
5743:) 1874β1957
5719:East Africa
5701:Cape Colony
5691:) 1884β1966
5681:) 1868β1966
5100:Agriculture
4958:Earthquakes
4876:Environment
4735:Prehistoric
4247:Comber 1983
4211:Comber 1983
4012:George Town
3843:Westminster
3346:Sirat Malai
3010:George Town
2942:Ralph Fitch
2725:George Town
2680:Immigration
1720:Konfrontasi
875:<100 BCE
780:235,000 BCE
747:Paleolithic
714:History of
529:Preceded by
354:Lower house
339:Upper house
326:Legislature
293:Interregnum
268:Edward VIII
48:1942β1945 (
7316:Categories
7232:since 1908
7224:since 1908
7190:since 1833
7182:since 1816
7174:since 1815
7166:since 1658
7123:department
7110:since 1908
7102:since 1833
6903:since 1838
6883:Swan River
6877:Queensland
6764:1958β1962
6746:since 1666
6732:since 1799
6583:New Jersey
6553:New Albion
6537:since 1632
6534:Montserrat
6515:1629β1691
6462:since 1670
6384:1858β1866
6372:since 1619
6324:since 1650
6277:Bangladesh
6212:1841β1946
6174:1882β1963
6140:Federation
6118:1819β1826
6056:Seychelles
6000:1839β1842
5891:since 1816
5875:Tanganyika
5833:Somaliland
5821:Seychelles
5817:since 1658
5737:Gold Coast
5731:The Gambia
5675:Basutoland
5671:since 1815
5626:1800β1813
5616:Free State
5609:1542β1800
5595:Heligoland
5591:since 1713
5341:Literature
5236:Healthcare
5211:Corruption
5129:(currency)
5059:Parliament
5054:Monarchies
5029:Censorship
5014:Government
4468:28 October
4275:9971695081
4164:. London.
4108:References
4094:since 1959
3839:federation
3626:Yap Ah Loy
3586:Klang town
3403:Narathiwat
3383:Terengganu
3150:temenggung
3057:Union Flag
3036:proposal.
2889:and later
2792:The term "
2371:Sauk Siege
2038:Green Wave
1512:Sook Ching
1286:Larut Wars
1236:Naning War
1059:1516β 1902
934:Old Pahang
891:Langkasuka
826:16,000 BCE
787:Mesolithic
330:Parliament
244:Edward VII
220:William IV
188:Government
142:Membership
131:Demonym(s)
7216:1841β1947
7203:1841β1933
7094:1831β1966
7088:1670β1688
7082:1651β1667
7076:1631β1641
7006:1914β1962
7000:1907β1947
6993:1901β1942
6991:Australia
6986:1900β1974
6980:1900β1970
6968:1893β1978
6961:1892β1979
6955:1889β1948
6949:1888β1901
6943:Rarotonga
6939:1884β1902
6933:1877β1976
6927:1874β1970
6921:1851β1901
6915:1846β1847
6909:1841β1907
6895:1836β1901
6889:1829β1901
6879:1824β1901
6873:1824β1980
6867:1807β1863
6861:1803β1901
6851:1788β1901
6784:1833β1960
6778:1674β1702
6770:1967β1983
6758:1763β1783
6752:1607β1776
6738:1849β1866
6724:1889β1962
6718:1862β1863
6712:1712β1776
6706:1635β1644
6700:1627β1979
6693:1605β1979
6686:1882β1983
6679:1623β1983
6673:1625β1650
6667:1670β1870
6661:1636β1776
6655:1853β1863
6645:1620β1691
6639:1681β1776
6633:1763β1873
6621:1713β1867
6615:1859β1870
6609:1712β1776
6603:1583β1907
6597:1907β1949
6591:1664β1776
6579:1637β1662
6577:New Haven
6573:1680β1776
6567:1686β1689
6561:1784β1867
6549:1628β1983
6543:1655β1860
6529:1632β1776
6503:1655β1962
6496:1733β1776
6490:1674β1702
6484:1701β1776
6478:1636β1776
6472:1818β1846
6454:1663β1712
6446:1867β1931
6440:1841β1867
6434:1791β1841
6428:1791β1841
6416:1762β1974
6409:1763β1783
6403:1763β1978
6397:1754β1820
6388:1866β1871
6364:1871β1981
6357:1643β1860
6351:1624β1966
6345:1670β1973
6338:1860β1981
6331:1632β1860
6256:1898β1930
6250:1892β1971
6244:1921β1946
6238:1826β1946
6232:1945β1946
6226:1946β1963
6224:Singapore
6218:1946β1963
6206:1702β1705
6200:1786β1946
6194:1923β1948
6192:Palestine
6180:1946β1963
6168:1891β1971
6162:1920β1932
6156:1762β1764
6150:1796β1965
6142:1948β1957
6136:1946β1948
6130:1885β1946
6124:1895β1946
6112:1848β1946
6106:1918β1961
6100:1811β1816
6094:1858β1947
6088:1841β1997
6086:Hong Kong
6082:1878β1960
6076:1795β1948
6070:1888β1984
6064:1824β1948
6052:Mauritius
6042:1874β1963
6030:1757β1947
6024:1812β1824
6014:1685β1824
6012:Bencoolen
6006:1879β1919
5994:1839β1967
5909:1887β1897
5903:1890β1963
5897:1890β1962
5883:1900β1910
5881:Transvaal
5877:1922β1961
5871:1899β1956
5865:1893β1968
5863:Swaziland
5859:1900β1914
5847:1915β1931
5841:1910β1931
5835:1884β1960
5829:1792β1961
5823:1903β1976
5809:1900β1910
5803:1891β1964
5801:Nyasaland
5797:1924β1964
5791:1900β1914
5785:1914β1960
5779:1884β1900
5773:1856β1910
5767:1810β1968
5765:Mauritius
5761:1807β1808
5755:1862β1906
5749:1920β1963
5733:1816β1965
5727:1882β1922
5721:1895β1920
5715:1891β1907
5709:1806β1910
5703:1795β1803
5697:1919β1961
5695:Cameroons
5632:1813β1964
5618:1921β1931
5603:1809β1864
5597:1807β1890
5588:Gibraltar
5583:1878β1960
5577:1794β1796
5531:*Current
5288:Squatting
5253:Languages
5221:Education
5165:Transport
5034:Judiciary
5004:Elections
4963:Volcanoes
4933:Mountains
4866:Divisions
4861:Districts
4839:Geography
4235:Roff 1967
4223:Sani 2008
4199:Sani 2008
4180:cite book
4079:Singapore
3726:, of the
3714:with Sir
3712:Harry Ord
3634:Klang War
3555:Klang War
3519:Harry Ord
3504:Raja Muda
3447:Larut War
3273:the Crown
3258:free port
3252:(EIC) in
3185:Penyengat
3141:Bencoolen
3077:Alor Star
2922:Singapore
2916:(Sabah),
2895:Singapore
2855:Federated
2703:By region
2605:2021β2022
2515:2014β2015
2415:2006β2007
2355:1998β1999
2221:Dawn Raid
2135:1969β2002
2105:1967β2009
2070:1962β1966
2058:Incidents
2032:2021β2023
2022:2020β2022
2012:2020β2022
1969:2009β2010
1959:1998β2022
1949:1997β1998
1919:1987β1988
1859:1979β2008
1829:1971β1990
1809:1969β1971
1774:1968β1989
1754:1963β1965
1724:1963β1966
1704:1962β1990
1694:1960β2012
1639:1948β1960
1629:1948β1963
1619:1946β1948
1609:1946β1963
1599:1946β1963
1585:1945β1946
1556:1943β1944
1546:1943β1945
1536:1942β1945
1476:1941β1942
1466:1941β1942
1456:1941β1945
1404:1909β1946
1384:1895β1946
1374:1894β1905
1364:1891β1895
1354:1882β1946
1334:1874β1946
1320:1875β1876
1316:Perak War
1300:1867β1874
1296:Klang War
1290:1861β1874
1280:1857β1863
1270:1848β1946
1250:1841β1946
1240:1831β1832
1210:1821β1826
1200:1786β1946
1190:1770β1881
1180:1641β1824
1170:1601β1661
1160:1511β1641
1135:1839β1864
1125:1810β1902
1115:1808β1916
1105:1780β1899
1082:1599β1641
1049:1496β1903
1039:1470β1623
1029:1450β1899
1019:1402β1511
996:1267β1521
954:Majapahit
944:Srivijaya
924:Old Kedah
811:Neolithic
305:George VI
280:George VI
208:George IV
54:1945β1957
46:1826β1942
7291:Category
7127:Colombia
7042:Kiribati
6919:Victoria
6859:Tasmania
6750:Virginia
6716:Stickeen
6704:Saybrook
6643:Plymouth
6589:New York
6527:Maryland
6519:Province
6482:Delaware
6452:Carolina
6444:Dominion
6438:Province
6401:Dominica
6349:Barbados
6321:Anguilla
6292:disputed
6273:Pakistan
6148:Maldives
6022:Billiton
5949:Rhodesia
5935:Tanzania
5931:Cameroon
5907:Zululand
5901:Zanzibar
5689:Botswana
5456:Category
5336:Folklore
5278:Religion
5201:Abortion
5127:Ringgit
5049:Military
4977:Politics
4901:wildlife
4730:Timeline
4714:articles
4710:Malaysia
4395:. SIRD.
4344:(2000).
4332:Archived
4087:Malaysia
4007:Zhemchug
3876:and the
3855:Malaysia
3560:Selangor
3549:Selangor
3474:Ghee Hin
3364:Kelantan
3279:and the
3260:status.
3254:Calcutta
3239:Dindings
2926:Malaysia
2908:, which
2857:and the
2837:and the
2690:Military
2675:Economic
2658:By topic
1690:ISA 1960
938:449β1454
716:Malaysia
705:a series
703:Part of
594:Selangor
256:George V
232:Victoria
192:Imperial
7282:culture
7036:Vanuatu
6826:Oceania
6501:Jamaica
6494:Georgia
6414:Grenada
6369:Bermuda
6343:Bahamas
6329:Antigua
6210:Sarawak
5922:Namibia
5783:Nigeria
5759:Madeira
5679:Lesotho
5638:Minorca
5607:Ireland
5575:Corsica
5502:Former
5433:Outline
5380:Symbols
5331:Cuisine
5308:Culture
5268:Poverty
5189:Society
5160:Tourism
5088:Economy
4989:Cabinet
4923:Islands
4851:Borders
4722:History
4649:Brunei
4480:at the
4098:Sarawak
3845:-style
3622:kapitan
3478:Hai San
3395:Pattani
3093:Malacca
3002:(EIC).
2986:, sent
2976:British
2918:Sarawak
2843:British
2737:Sarawak
2044:present
1991:present
1878:present
1870:Spratly
1595:Sarawak
1094:present
1071:present
1008:present
985:present
914:Pan Pan
508:β’
495:β’
482:β’
469:β’
456:β’
443:β’
430:β’
417:β’
404:β’
391:β’
378:β’
367:History
352:β’
337:β’
136:Malayan
78:Anthem:
7377:Malaya
7301:Portal
7121:Now a
7092:Guiana
7046:Tuvalu
6649:Quebec
6421:Canada
6362:Belize
6254:Weihai
6198:Penang
6186:Padang
6116:Malaya
6110:Labuan
6104:Kuwait
6080:Cyprus
6074:Ceylon
6068:Brunei
6040:Borneo
6034:Bhutan
6028:Bengal
5964:Zambia
5895:Uganda
5657:Africa
5630:Colony
5581:Cyprus
5569:Cyprus
5553:Europe
5519:Legend
5461:Portal
5407:Flower
5397:Emblem
5392:Anthem
5387:Animal
5326:Cinema
5231:Health
5170:Unions
5117:Energy
4953:States
4948:Rivers
4906:plants
4764:Borneo
4712:
4618:Borneo
4543:Malaya
4536:Borneo
4437:
4399:
4378:
4352:
4313:
4272:
4168:
4064:Malays
4052:, and
3923:in red
3864:, the
3835:feudal
3799:rubber
3738:Pahang
3701:Rembau
3624:named
3606:Ampang
3592:, the
3484:, the
3387:Perlis
3368:Patani
3237:, and
3235:Labuan
3229:, the
3189:Bintan
3174:Pahang
3022:Sultan
2980:Madras
2950:Penang
2920:, and
2891:rubber
2883:empire
2720:Penang
1581:Borneo
1522:Syburi
1450:Borneo
1330:Borneo
881:Chi Tu
843:
832:
821:
797:
773:
757:
707:on the
622:Pahang
176:
167:
154:
80:
33:
7044:and *
7010:Nauru
7004:Samoa
6978:Tonga
6937:Papua
6547:Nevis
6432:Upper
6426:Lower
6269:India
6134:Union
6092:India
6062:Burma
6018:Banka
5869:Sudan
5771:Natal
5753:Lagos
5747:Kenya
5741:Ghana
5725:Egypt
5440:Index
5371:Sport
5361:Names
5356:Music
5351:Media
5298:Women
5206:Crime
5105:Banks
4928:Lakes
4113:Notes
4102:Sabah
4001:Emden
3841:with
3645:Jugra
3618:Klang
3610:opium
3568:Lukut
3541:as a
3470:Larut
3415:Burma
3391:Satun
3360:Kedah
3243:Perak
3166:Bugis
3062:Perai
3030:Burma
2984:India
2954:Kedah
2827:Malay
2732:Sabah
2710:Kedah
2685:Legal
2042:2022β
1989:2015β
1876:1980β
1092:1766β
1069:1528β
1006:1368β
983:1136β
958:1300s
608:Perak
37:Malay
7040:Now
7034:Now
6984:Niue
6925:Fiji
6627:1843
6555:1579
6275:and
6267:Now
6098:Java
6054:and
6020:and
5982:Asia
5962:Now
5920:Now
5402:Flag
5258:LGBT
5019:King
4534:and
4526:and
4470:2019
4435:ISBN
4397:ISBN
4376:ISBN
4350:ISBN
4311:ISBN
4270:ISBN
4186:link
4166:ISBN
3999:SMS
3993:The
3987:and
3912:The
3899:The
3797:and
3778:and
3616:and
3476:and
3449:and
3401:and
3399:Yala
3385:and
3366:and
3344:and
3334:and
3241:(in
3053:Prai
3026:Siam
3020:The
2940:was
2900:The
2645:2024
2635:2024
2625:2023
2615:2022
2595:2021
2585:2021
2575:2018
2565:2017
2555:2017
2545:2016
2535:2015
2525:2015
2505:2014
2495:2014
2485:2013
2475:2011
2465:2010
2455:2010
2445:2009
2435:2008
2425:2007
2405:2004
2395:2002
2385:2001
2375:2000
2365:2000
2345:1996
2335:1996
2325:1995
2315:1995
2305:1993
2295:1991
2285:1989
2275:1988
2265:1987
2255:1986
2245:1985
2235:1985
2225:1981
2215:1977
2205:1977
2195:1976
2185:1976
2175:1975
2165:1975
2145:1971
2125:1969
2115:1967
2095:1964
2002:2018
1979:2014
1939:1993
1929:1989
1909:1987
1899:1985
1889:1984
1849:1977
1839:1974
1819:1970
1799:1969
1764:1967
1744:1963
1734:1963
1714:1963
1684:1959
1674:1957
1649:1955
1526:1942
1516:1942
1506:1942
1496:1942
1486:1942
1424:1915
1414:1914
1394:1909
1344:1879
1310:1874
1260:1843
1230:1826
1220:1824
7125:of
5316:Art
5039:Law
4530:of
4096:),
3795:tin
3768:1:2
3457:tin
2887:tin
2796:" (
7318::
6271:,
4762:/
4433:.
4429:.
4292:.
4182:}}
4178:{{
4145:.
4121:^
4048:,
4036:.
4018:.
3955:.
3880:.
3857:.
3651:.
3421:.
3397:,
3295:.
3233:,
3199:.
3153:.
3068:.
2994:,
2982:,
2928:.
2897:.
2873:.
2829::
2825:;
2815:eΙͺ
1328:/
906:c.
765:c.
7256:.
7214:)
7201:)
6996:*
6989:*
6964:*
6945:/
6885:/
6857:/
6819:e
6812:t
6805:v
6696:*
6689:*
6682:*
6499:*
6468:/
6419:*
6412:*
6360:*
6341:*
6334:*
6327:*
6058:)
5937:.
5739:(
5687:(
5677:(
5571:)
5495:e
5488:t
5481:v
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4509:t
4502:v
4472:.
4443:.
4405:.
4384:.
4358:.
4319:.
4278:.
4188:)
4174:.
4147:6
3895:.
3326:.
3016:.
2821:/
2818:Ι
2812:l
2809:Λ
2806:Ι
2803:m
2800:/
2781:e
2774:t
2767:v
2082:)
2078:(
1872:)
1868:(
1593:/
1579:/
52:)
39:)
35:(
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