64:
44:
1799:
331:
1751:, and detritus, with sediment, sand, and gravel presumably ingested accidentally alongside food items. Despite reports among fish-keepers that they require wood in their diet, no scientific evidence to date supports members of this genus feeding on wood. Bristlenoses do not school but hide when not feeding, juveniles however are typically found in brightly lit shallows at the water margin making them susceptible to predation by birds.
341:
371:
and fatter with a comparatively wider head. Colouration is typically mottled brown, grey or black. Small white or yellow spots are common. In contrast to many other loricariid 'plecos' (many of which regularly exceed a foot in captivity), the bristlenose plecos do not usually exceed six inches in length; they can thus be kept in relatively small tanks, contributing to their popularity in the aquarium hobby.
1736:
1815:
easily in captivity, and are compatible with most other freshwater fish. Though typically mottled brown or black-and-grey spotted in color, other species are more exotic â spots of bright yellow on a dark background being a common pattern. Albino variants are also common. The albino morph is not caused by exposure to light during development, it is a morph controlled by genetics.
1773:
usually will not leave the cavity to feed, or will leave only occasionally and quickly return. The eggs hatch in 4â10 days over a period of 2â6 hours; the male guards the eggs for 7â10 days after hatching. The fry remain in the cave, attaching to the walls and ceiling with their mouths, absorbing their
370:
spine of the males of some species. Males also have evertible cheek odontodes which are less developed or absent in females. They also lack odontodes along the snout. In comparison with a typical loricariid (pleco), a bristlenose is typically shorter (4â6 inches or 15 cm or less), more flattened
1780:
Males of these species are competitive and territorial. Males display to each other by positioning themselves parallel to each other, head to tail, with dorsal and caudal fins erect and cheek odontode spines everted. If this escalates to combat, the males will circle each other and direct attacks at
1837:
Feeding is easy, bristlenoses will graze on algae/ algae wafers and other surface growing organisms as well as eating algae wafers or tablets, flake food, squash, spinach, cucumber, zucchini, green beans peas and even sliced carrots. They have also been known to accept frozen bloodworms as part of
1814:
usually seen in pet shops. They reach up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in males, and 12 cm (4.7 in) in females. Their recommended temperature is 23â27 °C (73â81 °F). Their lifespan is up to 12 years. They are hardy animals, tolerant to a wide range of water conditions. They breed
1772:
The female plays no role in parental care; the male takes care of its young. Males will clean the eggs and the cavity with its fins and mouth. Males inspect eggs to remove diseased or infertile eggs, and aerates the clutch by fanning them with its pectoral and pelvic fins. During this time, a male
2178:
Lujan, Nathan K.; Meza-Vargas, Vanessa; Astudillo-Clavijo, Viviana; Barriga-Salazar, Ramiro; LĂłpez-FernĂĄndez, HernĂĄn (September 2015). "A Multilocus
Molecular Phylogeny for Chaetostoma Clade Genera and Species with a Review of Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Central Andes".
1990:
Anderson, LuĂs Alves; Oliveira, Claudio; Nirchio, Mauro; Granado, Ăngel and
Foresti, Fausto; 'Karyotypic relationships among the tribes of Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with description of XO sex chromosome system in a Neotropical fish species'; Genetica, vol. 128 (2006); pp.
1844:
Breeding is also possible. Males attract females to a small cave or hollow, then guard eggs after fertilization through hatching (4â8 days) until fry are free swimming (4â6 days after hatching); the aquarist need only supply a suitable cave, food, and one of each sex.
452:
species prefer flowing water, so tanks with flow are typically used when keeping them in captivity. Since they are bottom-dwelling fish, substrate is considered preferable to a bare tank floor. Mixtures of gravel, dirt, and clay are frequently used as substrate for
2469:
Ibañez, Carla; Tedesco, Pablo A.; Bigorne, Rémy; Hugueny, Bernard; Pouilly, Marc; Zepita, Claudia; Zubieta, José; Oberdorff, Thierry (April 2007). "Dietary-morphological relationships in fish assemblages of small forested streams in the
Bolivian Amazon".
1848:
Caution should be taken with the spines (odontodes); although the risk of personal injury is small with this genus, the hooked nature of the odontodes means that a bristlenose may become trapped in non-natural material such as sponge filters and netting.
1768:
includes expanding the dorsal and caudal fins and attempts by the male to escort the female to the nest. While the female inspects the nest, the male keeps close contact. The female may lay 20â200 adhesive eggs, usually to the ceiling of the cavity.
1838:
their diet. Aquarium specimens may starve for lack of algae or other plant matter; algae wafers or other low-protein foods are recommended. Keepers should watch for the abdomen to take on a sunken appearance, indicating insufficient nutrition.
2390:
Vucko, Matthew J.; Cole, Andrew J.; Moorhead, Jonathan A.; Pit, Josiah; de Nys, Rocky (November 2017). "The freshwater macroalga
Oedogonium intermedium can meet the nutritional requirements of the herbivorous fish Ancistrus cirrhosus".
1784:
A male bristlenose may guard several clutches of eggs simultaneously. Females prefer males that are already protecting eggs and may prefer males that are protecting larvae; it has been suggested that the tentacles may act as a fry
358:. The feature most commonly associated with the genus are the fleshy tentacles found on the head in adult males; females may possess tentacles along the snout margin but they are smaller and they lack tentacles on the head.
1789:
to attract females, which would allow males without eggs in their nest to compete with males guarding eggs. Several clutches in various states of development from eggs to free-swimming larvae can be found in one nest.
396:
is one of the widest ranging
Loricariid genera, and representatives are found in most areas where the family in general is present. Many species are found in the rivers and floodplain areas of the
1764:
Breeding takes place in hollows, caves and mud holes in banks. Males may clean the inside of the cavity with their suckermouth before allowing the female to approach and inspect the nest.
1671:
1605:
1463:
1383:
950:
1696:
1580:
2347:
Kramer, Donald L.; Bryant, Michael J. (February 1995). "Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream: 2. Relationships to diet â the long and short of a convoluted issue".
1717:
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483:
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1841:
Sexing is very easy as the female will only occasionally have bristles, around the edge of the chin, whereas the male will have them up the center of the head.
2152:"Review of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the northwestern Guiana Shield, Orinoco Andes, and Adjacent Basins with Description of Six New Species"
2006:
Taphorn, Donald C.; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Villa-Navarro, Francisco; Ray, C. Keith (26 April 2013). "Trans-Andean
Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
263:. In the aquarium hobby they are often referred to as bushynose or bristlenose plecos instead, but this may lead to confusion as "pleco" usually is used for
1713:
1663:
1597:
1480:
1455:
1434:
1421:
1400:
1375:
1260:
1066:
1006:
942:
542:
521:
2507:
Satora, L (January 1998). "Histological and ultrastructural study of the stomach of the air-breathing
Ancistrus multispinnis (Siluriformes, Teleostei)".
857:
2426:
Power, Mary E. (April 1984). "The importance of sediment in the grazing ecology and size class interactions of an armored catfish, Ancistrus spinosus".
843:
732:
689:
2269:
Buck, Sonia; Sazima, Ivan (1995). "An assemblage of mailed catfishes (Loricariidae) in southeastern Brazil: distribution, activity, and feeding".
839:
2691:
1700:
1584:
1268:
529:
2717:
2112:
1920:
2665:
1858:
2704:
1967:(Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with comments on the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry"
1757:
species have the capability of obtaining oxygen through their modified stomach. This allows them to survive in conditions with
2215:
with vestigial adipose fin, with an appraisal on adipose fin loss in neotropical armoured catfishes (Teleostei: Loricariidae)"
2052:
2709:
2245:, a new species of red-dotted armored catfish from rio Branco, Roraima State, Brazilian Amazon (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)"
1962:
17:
2781:
2535:
1781:
the head. If an intruding male manages to evict another male from the nest, it may cannibalize the other male's young.
354:
species show all the typical features of the
Loricariidae. This includes a body covered in bony plates and a ventral
2743:
2722:
2791:
2137:
1810:
These fish are often kept by aquarists, as they are dutiful algae-eaters and smaller in adult size than the
436:. These are the only known loricariids that possess adaptions for a subterranean lifestyle, such as reduced
1545:
1209:
269:
and its allies and is often used as a catchall term for any loricariids remotely resembling that species.
2626:
1882:
378:
2631:
2240:
888:
400:, but there are also species elsewhere in tropical South America, as well as species on the island of
63:
2748:
1204:
714:
2210:
1122:
909:
460:
The aquarium size that is considered by some to be a minimum for fish of this genus is 25 gallons.
1331:
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8:
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627:
613:
605:
577:
474:
437:
179:
58:
2064:
Trajano, E. (2001). "Habitat and
Population Data of Troglobitic Armored Cave Catfish,
2730:
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2131:
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2023:
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2516:
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2443:
2408:
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2319:
2309:
2290:"Trophic diversity in the evolution and community assembly of loricariid catfishes"
2188:
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2015:
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768:
537:
233:
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1450:
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286:
229:
2543:
2412:
2177:
105:
2089:
2019:
2765:
2589:
2314:
1878:
1834:; other species are now available, though exact identification is difficult.
296:
244:
2333:
2027:
1811:
397:
367:
278:
240:
236:
161:
125:
2483:
2239:
de
Oliveira, R.R.; Zuanon, J.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Rapp Py-Daniel, L. (2015).
2209:
de Oliveira, R.R.; Rapp Py-Daniel, L.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Zuanon, J. (2016).
2678:
2598:
2113:"Bristlenose Pleco Care: Size, Lifespan, Tank Mates, Tank Size and Setup"
901:
759:
421:
355:
152:
1798:
2670:
2447:
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289:
135:
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2192:
330:
43:
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1960:
382:
303:
75:
2560:
2520:
2288:
Lujan, Nathan K; Winemiller, Kirk O; Armbruster, Jonathan W (2012).
2583:
1891:
1748:
1735:
417:
401:
363:
340:
252:
95:
2005:
115:
2068:
Reis, 1987, from Central Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
413:
248:
85:
2657:
1786:
1744:
225:
1739:
Albino bristlenose catfish are common in the aquarium trade.
2468:
1774:
1743:
The diet of this genus is typical for a Loricariid â
2287:
468:
There are currently 76 recognized species in this genus:
377:
species are unusual among vertebrates in possessing an
381:, which is the prevailing method in many lineages of
2389:
302:"hook" â a reference to the form of the cheek
1961:Sabaj, M.H.; Armbruster, J.W.; Page, L.M. (1999).
385:but is very rare elsewhere in the animal kingdom.
2047:Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
2763:
2204:
2202:
2001:
1999:
1997:
285:. This genus is the largest genus within the
2346:
2232:
2173:
2171:
2169:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1818:Historically, commonly available species of
1777:sac in 2â4 days and becoming free swimming.
2199:
2110:
388:
2268:
2119:. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08
1994:
1974:Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters
42:
2533:
2527:
2491:
2323:
2313:
2271:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2252:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2222:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2166:
1899:
1956:
1954:
1859:List of freshwater aquarium fish species
1797:
1734:
339:
329:
2500:
2063:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1877:
1871:
443:
251:. Fish of this genus are common in the
14:
2764:
2506:
2057:
2039:
2037:
1918:
440:(appearing overall whitish) and eyes.
2565:
2564:
2425:
362:, tentacles directly associated with
1931:
295:The name ancistrus derives from the
2034:
243:, native to freshwater habitats in
24:
2536:"Keeping and Breeding Bristlenose"
1793:
25:
2803:
62:
2462:
2428:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2419:
2383:
2349:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2340:
2281:
2262:
2070:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2045:The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
2211:"Two new Amazonian species of
2144:
2104:
1984:
325:
255:trade where they are known as
13:
1:
1864:
7:
2509:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2413:10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.020
2154:. Novataxa. 8 February 2019
1852:
379:X0 sex-determination system
272:
10:
2808:
2111:Andrew Pete (2021-07-20).
1730:
463:
2782:Taxa named by Rudolf Kner
2573:
2136:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2066:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
2020:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.4.2
1205:Ancistrus mattogrossensis
715:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
416:. Three species are true
230:nocturnal freshwater fish
185:
178:
167:
160:
59:Scientific classification
57:
50:
41:
34:
2472:Aquatic Living Resources
2315:10.1186/1471-2148-12-124
2294:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1881:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1123:Ancistrus macrophthalmus
910:Ancistrus heterorhynchus
389:Distribution and habitat
2090:10.1023/A:1011884829498
1895:. January 2016 version.
897:Ancistrus gymnorhynchus
755:Ancistrus dolichopterus
426:A. cryptophthalmus
2792:Freshwater fish genera
1807:
1806:on a piece of cucumber
1740:
1684:Ancistrus vericaucanus
1344:Ancistrus occidentalis
1243:Ancistrus megalostomus
1083:Ancistrus leucostictus
348:
337:
266:Hypostomus plecostomus
2542:: 688. Archived from
1801:
1738:
1632:Ancistrus triradiatus
1511:Ancistrus stigmaticus
1312:Ancistrus multispinis
1110:Ancistrus lithurgicus
1023:Ancistrus krenakarore
814:Ancistrus falconensis
764:(Bushy-mouth catfish)
698:Ancistrus clementinae
641:Ancistrus centrolepis
600:Ancistrus brevipinnis
559:Ancistrus bodenhameri
517:Ancistrus aguaboensis
343:
333:
1831:Ancistrus temminckii
1659:Ancistrus verecundus
1618:Ancistrus trinitatis
1554:Ancistrus temminckii
1528:Ancistrus tamboensis
1430:Ancistrus ranunculus
1417:Ancistrus piriformis
1178:Ancistrus marcapatae
1097:Ancistrus lineolatus
938:Ancistrus jataiensis
924:Ancistrus hoplogenys
586:Ancistrus brevifilis
572:Ancistrus bolivianus
496:Ancistrus agostinhoi
444:Aquarium maintenance
318:are now synonyms of
169:Hypostomus cirrhosus
2484:10.1051/alr:2007024
2440:1984EnvBF..10..173P
2405:2017AlgRe..27...21V
2361:1995EnvBF..42..129K
2306:2012BMCEE..12..124L
2117:Fishkeeping Project
2082:2001EnvBF..62..195T
2043:Romero, A. (2001):
1825:Ancistrus cirrhosus
1165:Ancistrus maracasae
1137:Ancistrus maculatus
1048:Ancistrus latifrons
800:Ancistrus eustictus
786:Ancistrus erinaceus
741:Ancistrus damasceni
671:Ancistrus cirrhosus
406:A. centrolepis
335:Ancistrus cirrhosus
283:Ancistrus cirrhosus
261:bristlenose catfish
18:Bristlenose Catfish
2534:Green, D. (2010).
2448:10.1007/BF00001124
2369:10.1007/BF00001991
1883:"Species in genus
1808:
1741:
1714:Lesley S. de Souza
1645:Ancistrus variolus
1593:Ancistrus tombador
1546:A. Miranda-Ribeiro
1497:Ancistrus sericeus
1481:Lesley S. de Souza
1476:Ancistrus saudades
1401:Lesley S. de Souza
1396:Ancistrus patronus
1326:Ancistrus nudiceps
1291:Ancistrus mullerae
1277:Ancistrus montanus
1210:A. Miranda-Ribeiro
1151:Ancistrus malacops
1067:Lesley S. de Souza
1007:Lesley S. de Souza
1002:Ancistrus kellerae
654:Ancistrus chagresi
628:Ancistrus caucanus
614:Ancistrus bufonius
543:Lesley S. de Souza
475:Ancistrus abilhoai
349:
338:
173:Valenciennes, 1836
2759:
2758:
2731:Open Tree of Life
2567:Taxon identifiers
2243:Ancistrus maximus
2193:10.1643/CI-14-194
2053:978-1-4020-0076-8
1919:Armbruster, J.W.
1759:low oxygen levels
1725:
1709:Ancistrus yutajae
1704:
1679:
1672:J. F. P. da Silva
1654:
1640:
1627:
1613:
1606:J. F. P. da Silva
1588:
1563:
1549:
1541:Ancistrus taunayi
1536:
1523:
1506:
1492:
1471:
1464:J. F. P. da Silva
1446:
1425:
1412:
1391:
1384:J. F. P. da Silva
1371:Ancistrus parecis
1366:
1353:
1339:
1321:
1307:
1286:
1272:
1256:Ancistrus minutus
1251:
1238:
1223:R. R. de Oliveira
1218:Ancistrus maximus
1213:
1200:
1192:Ancistrus martini
1187:
1173:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1078:
1057:
1043:
1028:R. R. de Oliveira
1018:
997:
982:R. R. de Oliveira
977:Ancistrus karajas
972:
963:Ancistrus jelskii
958:
951:J. F. P. da Silva
933:
919:
905:
892:
878:
861:
847:
835:Ancistrus formoso
830:
809:
795:
781:
763:
750:
736:
728:Ancistrus cuiabae
723:
710:
693:
680:
666:
649:
636:
623:
609:
595:
581:
567:
554:
533:
512:
491:
404:and two species,
366:, develop on the
217:
216:
210:
202:
194:
156:
16:(Redirected from
2799:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2686:
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2673:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2635:
2634:
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2621:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2592:
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2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2504:
2498:
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2495:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2175:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2061:
2055:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2003:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1897:
1896:
1875:
1712:
1687:
1662:
1648:
1635:
1621:
1596:
1571:
1568:Ancistrus tolima
1557:
1544:
1531:
1514:
1500:
1479:
1454:
1433:
1420:
1399:
1374:
1361:
1358:Ancistrus occloi
1347:
1329:
1315:
1294:
1280:
1259:
1246:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1181:
1168:
1154:
1140:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1086:
1065:
1051:
1026:
1005:
980:
966:
941:
927:
913:
900:
886:
883:Ancistrus greeni
869:
866:Ancistrus galani
855:
852:Ancistrus fulvus
838:
827:RodrĂguez-Olarte
817:
803:
789:
772:
769:Ancistrus dubius
758:
744:
731:
718:
701:
688:
674:
657:
644:
631:
617:
603:
589:
575:
562:
541:
538:Ancistrus amaris
520:
499:
478:
410:A. chagresi
208:
200:
192:
151:
67:
66:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2540:Aquatic Ecology
2532:
2528:
2521:10.1139/z97-167
2505:
2501:
2467:
2463:
2424:
2420:
2388:
2384:
2345:
2341:
2286:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2247:
2237:
2233:
2217:
2207:
2200:
2176:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2105:
2062:
2058:
2042:
2035:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1969:
1959:
1932:
1917:
1900:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1855:
1796:
1794:In the aquarium
1733:
1728:
1637:C. H. Eigenmann
1520:R. S. Eigenmann
1516:C. H. Eigenmann
1451:Ancistrus reisi
1363:C. H. Eigenmann
1115:C. H. Eigenmann
1062:Ancistrus leoni
778:R. S. Eigenmann
774:C. H. Eigenmann
685:Ancistrus claro
663:R. S. Eigenmann
659:C. H. Eigenmann
592:C. H. Eigenmann
466:
446:
434:A. formoso
391:
328:
308:Pristiancistrus
275:
213:
190:Pristiancistrus
174:
171:
150:
61:
28:
27:Genus of fishes
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:Catfish genera
2784:
2779:
2774:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2740:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2595:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2526:
2499:
2478:(2): 131â142.
2461:
2434:(3): 173â181.
2418:
2393:Algal Research
2382:
2355:(2): 129â141.
2339:
2280:
2261:
2231:
2198:
2187:(3): 664â701.
2165:
2143:
2103:
2076:(1): 195â200.
2056:
2033:
2014:(4): 343â370.
1993:
1983:
1930:
1898:
1879:Froese, Rainer
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1795:
1792:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1705:
1680:
1655:
1641:
1628:
1614:
1589:
1564:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1507:
1493:
1472:
1447:
1439:Rapp Py-Daniel
1426:
1413:
1392:
1367:
1354:
1340:
1322:
1308:
1287:
1273:
1252:
1239:
1235:Rapp Py-Daniel
1214:
1201:
1188:
1174:
1161:
1147:
1133:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1079:
1058:
1044:
1032:Rapp Py-Daniel
1019:
998:
986:Rapp Py-Daniel
973:
959:
934:
920:
906:
893:
879:
862:
848:
831:
810:
796:
782:
765:
751:
737:
724:
720:R. E. dos Reis
711:
694:
681:
667:
650:
637:
624:
610:
596:
582:
568:
555:
534:
513:
492:
470:
465:
462:
445:
442:
430:A. galani
390:
387:
327:
324:
274:
271:
215:
214:
212:
211:
203:
195:
186:
183:
182:
176:
175:
172:
165:
164:
158:
157:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
106:Actinopterygii
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2804:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2546:on 2019-07-02
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2277:(4): 325â332.
2276:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2153:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1980:(3): 217â229.
1979:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1963:"Spawning in
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1812:common plecos
1805:
1804:Ancistrus sp.
1800:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Villa-Navarro
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:A. R. Cardoso
1665:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:A. R. Cardoso
1599:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:Villa-Navarro
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:A. R. Cardoso
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:A. R. Cardoso
1377:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:N. E. Pearson
1245:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:L. P. Schultz
1194:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
974:
970:
965:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:A. R. Cardoso
944:
940:
939:
935:
931:
926:
925:
921:
917:
912:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:
894:
890:
885:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:
863:
859:
854:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:
811:
807:
802:
801:
797:
793:
788:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
766:
761:
757:
756:
752:
748:
743:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:
682:
678:
673:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
625:
621:
616:
615:
611:
607:
602:
601:
597:
593:
588:
587:
583:
579:
574:
573:
569:
565:
564:L. P. Schultz
561:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
469:
461:
458:
456:
451:
448:In the wild,
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
346:
342:
336:
332:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:. The genera
305:
301:
298:
297:Ancient Greek
293:
291:
288:
284:
280:
270:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:South America
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
207:
204:
199:
196:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
177:
170:
166:
163:
159:
154:
149:
148:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
52:Ancistrus sp.
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2574:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:the original
2539:
2529:
2515:(1): 83â86.
2512:
2508:
2502:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2184:
2180:
2156:. Retrieved
2146:
2121:. Retrieved
2116:
2106:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2044:
2011:
2007:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1922:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1707:
1682:
1664:Fisch-Muller
1657:
1643:
1630:
1616:
1598:Fisch-Muller
1591:
1566:
1560:Valenciennes
1552:
1539:
1526:
1509:
1495:
1474:
1456:Fisch-Muller
1449:
1435:Fisch-Muller
1428:
1422:Fisch-Muller
1415:
1394:
1376:Fisch-Muller
1369:
1356:
1342:
1332:J. P. MĂŒller
1324:
1310:
1289:
1275:
1261:Fisch-Muller
1254:
1241:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1176:
1163:
1149:
1143:Steindachner
1135:
1121:
1108:
1095:
1081:
1060:
1046:
1021:
1000:
975:
969:Steindachner
961:
943:Fisch-Muller
936:
922:
908:
895:
881:
864:
850:
833:
812:
798:
792:Valenciennes
784:
767:
753:
747:Steindachner
739:
726:
713:
696:
683:
677:Valenciennes
669:
652:
639:
626:
620:Valenciennes
612:
598:
584:
578:Steindachner
570:
557:
536:
522:Fisch-Muller
515:
494:
473:
467:
459:
454:
449:
447:
438:pigmentation
433:
429:
425:
409:
405:
398:Amazon basin
393:
392:
374:
373:
368:pectoral fin
359:
351:
350:
344:
334:
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
294:
282:
279:type species
276:
264:
260:
256:
241:Siluriformes
237:Loricariidae
220:
219:
218:
205:
197:
193:Fowler, 1945
189:
168:
162:Type species
146:
145:
126:Loricariidae
116:Siluriformes
51:
35:
29:
2679:iNaturalist
2599:Wikispecies
2258:(1): 73â82.
2228:(1): 67â80.
2158:11 February
1925:Kner, 1854"
422:troglobites
356:suckermouth
326:Description
312:Thysanocara
209:Regan, 1904
201:Regan, 1906
198:Thysanocara
2777:Ancistrini
2766:Categories
2550:2012-09-24
2493:10256/7795
2300:(1): 124.
2123:2022-04-08
1865:References
1722:Armbruster
1693:Armbruster
1577:Armbruster
1489:Armbruster
1409:Armbruster
1075:Armbruster
1015:Armbruster
823:Armbruster
551:Armbruster
360:Tentacules
290:Ancistrini
136:Ancistrini
2772:Ancistrus
2619:Ancistrus
2605:Ancistrus
2575:Ancistrus
2399:: 21â31.
2213:Ancistrus
1965:Ancistrus
1923:Ancistrus
1885:Ancistrus
1820:Ancistrus
1766:Courtship
1755:Ancistrus
1701:C. K. Ray
1585:C. K. Ray
1300:Pavanelli
1129:Pellegrin
889:IsbrĂŒcker
505:Pavanelli
484:Pavanelli
455:Ancistrus
450:Ancistrus
394:Ancistrus
383:arthropod
375:Ancistrus
364:odontodes
352:Ancistrus
345:Ancistrus
320:Ancistrus
304:odontodes
300:agkistron
257:bushynose
239:of order
221:Ancistrus
147:Ancistrus
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
36:Ancistrus
2584:Wikidata
2456:13343092
2377:33113299
2334:22835218
2132:cite web
2098:22106285
2028:26287090
1892:FishBase
1853:See also
1749:aufwuchs
1336:Troschel
1304:Zawadzki
1269:C. Weber
1231:Zawadzki
1036:Zawadzki
990:Zawadzki
871:A. PĂ©rez
530:C. Weber
509:Zawadzki
488:Zawadzki
418:cavefish
402:Trinidad
316:Xenocara
273:Taxonomy
253:aquarium
206:Xenocara
180:Synonyms
122:Family:
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
2697:1374375
2671:2339294
2590:Q571923
2436:Bibcode
2401:Bibcode
2357:Bibcode
2325:3497581
2302:Bibcode
2078:Bibcode
2008:Zootaxa
1802:Female
1731:Ecology
1718:Taphorn
1689:Taphorn
1676:Bertaco
1653:, 1872)
1626:, 1864)
1624:GĂŒnther
1610:Bertaco
1573:Taphorn
1562:, 1840)
1505:, 1872)
1485:Taphorn
1468:Bertaco
1405:Taphorn
1388:Bertaco
1352:, 1904)
1338:, 1849)
1320:, 1912)
1285:, 1904)
1265:Mazzoni
1186:, 1904)
1159:, 1872)
1145:, 1881)
1131:, 1912)
1091:, 1864)
1089:GĂŒnther
1071:Taphorn
1056:, 1869)
1054:GĂŒnther
1011:Taphorn
971:, 1877)
955:Bertaco
932:, 1864)
930:GĂŒnther
918:, 1912)
891:, 2001)
875:Viloria
860:, 1929)
844:Trajano
819:Taphorn
808:, 1945)
794:, 1840)
749:, 1907)
709:), 1937
703:Rendahl
679:, 1836)
622:, 1840)
608:, 1904)
594:, 1920)
580:, 1915)
547:Taphorn
526:Mazzoni
464:Species
232:in the
142:Genus:
132:Tribe:
112:Order:
102:Class:
2749:268313
2736:439747
2710:164345
2454:
2375:
2332:
2322:
2181:Copeia
2096:
2051:
2026:
1724:, 2019
1720:&
1703:, 2013
1699:&
1678:, 2005
1674:&
1639:, 1918
1612:, 2005
1608:&
1587:, 2013
1583:&
1548:, 1918
1535:, 1945
1533:Fowler
1522:, 1889
1518:&
1491:, 2019
1487:&
1470:, 2005
1466:&
1445:, 1994
1443:Zuanon
1441:&
1424:, 1989
1411:, 2019
1407:&
1390:, 2005
1386:&
1365:, 1928
1334:&
1306:, 2009
1302:&
1271:, 2001
1267:&
1250:, 1924
1237:, 2015
1233:&
1227:Zuanon
1212:, 1912
1199:, 1944
1172:, 1946
1170:Fowler
1117:, 1912
1104:, 1943
1102:Fowler
1077:, 2019
1073:&
1042:, 2016
1040:Zuanon
1038:&
1017:, 2019
1013:&
996:, 2016
994:Zuanon
992:&
957:, 2005
953:&
904:, 1854
877:, 1994
873:&
846:, 1997
842:&
840:Sabino
829:, 2010
825:&
806:Fowler
780:, 1889
776:&
762:, 1854
735:, 1999
733:Knaack
722:, 1987
692:, 1999
690:Knaack
665:, 1889
661:&
648:, 1913
635:, 1943
633:Fowler
566:, 1944
553:, 2019
549:&
532:, 2001
528:&
511:, 2009
507:&
490:, 2009
486:&
414:Panama
249:Panama
234:family
155:, 1854
2744:WoRMS
2723:52071
2692:IRMNG
2684:86457
2658:24618
2632:85800
2452:S2CID
2373:S2CID
2248:(PDF)
2218:(PDF)
2094:S2CID
1970:(PDF)
1822:were
1787:mimic
1745:algae
1350:Regan
1318:Regan
1283:Regan
1184:Regan
916:Regan
858:Holly
646:Regan
606:Regan
287:tribe
226:genus
224:is a
2718:NCBI
2705:ITIS
2666:GBIF
2627:BOLD
2330:PMID
2160:2019
2138:link
2049:ISBN
2024:PMID
2012:3641
1828:and
1775:yolk
1651:Cope
1503:Cope
1296:Bifi
1157:Cope
902:Kner
760:Kner
501:Bifi
480:Bifi
432:and
408:and
314:and
277:The
247:and
153:Kner
2653:EoL
2645:VKP
2640:CoL
2614:ADW
2517:doi
2488:hdl
2480:doi
2444:doi
2409:doi
2365:doi
2320:PMC
2310:doi
2189:doi
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