683:, issued a parliamentary statement using the words: "It is appropriate that this House show respect for Aboriginal families that have been forcibly separated as a consequence of government policy in the past, by observing a period of silence". Members stood for one minute silence. The next day the leader of the Western Australian opposition moved: "that this House apologises to the Aboriginal people on behalf of all Western Australians for the past policies under which Aboriginal children were removed from their families and expresses deep regret at the hurt and distress that this caused".
775:, moved that the Northern Territory legislative assembly "apologises to Territorians who were removed from their families under the authority of the Commonwealth Aboriginals Ordinance and placed in institutional or foster care" and "calls upon the Commonwealth government to make a formal and specific apology to all those persons removed pursuant to the Aboriginals Ordinance, acknowledging that the Commonwealth failed in discharging its moral obligations towards them".
583:, which expressed "deep and sincere regret that indigenous Australians suffered injustices under the practices of past generations, and for the hurt and trauma that many indigenous people continue to feel as a consequence of those practices". It dedicated the Parliament to the "cause of reconciliation" and recognised the historic mistreatment of Indigenous Australians as the "most blemished chapter" in Australian history. The opposition leader
1590:
695:, issued a parliamentary apology on behalf of the people of South Australia, saying that the "South Australian Parliament expresses its deep and sincere regret at the forced separation of some Aboriginal children from their families and homes which occurred prior to 1964, apologises to these Aboriginal people for these past actions and reaffirms its support for reconciliation between all Australians".
739:, moved a parliamentary motion that included the words: "That this Parliament, on behalf of all Tasmanians, expresses its deep and sincere regrets at the hurt and distress caused by past policies under which Aboriginal children were removed from their families and homes, apologises to the Aboriginal people for those past actions and reaffirms its support for reconciliation between all Australians".
795:, then Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, said "the government does not support an official national apology. Such an apology could imply that present generations are in some way responsible and accountable for the actions of earlier generations; actions that were sanctioned by the laws of the time and that were believed to be in the best interests of the children concerned". Prime Minister
751:, moved a parliamentary motion that included the words: "That this House apologises to the Aboriginal people on behalf of all Victorians for the past policies under which Aboriginal children were removed from their families and expresses deep regret at the hurt and distress this has caused and reaffirms its support for reconciliation between all Australians".
815:, was written on the evidence presented. Among a number of criticisms of the report, also reflected in the arguments of those arguing the impact of the events described were exaggerated or minimising or denying their occurrence this "failure" to "prove the evidence" was considered critical, a number of other criticisms were made, chief among the critics were
763:, issued a parliamentary statement that included the following words: "This house recognises the critical importance to Indigenous Australians and the wider community of a continuing reconciliation process, based on an understanding of, and frank apologies for, what has gone wrong in the past and total commitment to equal respect in the future."
1438:
The nature of the
Inquiry process and of the information sought and provided meant that evidence and submissions could not be tested as thoroughly as would occur in a courtroom. ... We carefully report what we have heard so that the community generally will know the different perspectives on what has
1408:
I know people who have become extremely distraught at the thought of this inquiry ... If people have been traumatised and are still suffering from the effects of that trauma, they are re-traumatised every time something reminds them of the trauma, even people who have made some degree of recovery.
806:
Other criticisms centred on the evidentiary standards applied. The
Inquiry had sought to provide an opportunity to discover the experiences of people removed from their families. It was anticipated that given the trauma witnesses had experienced that they would be at risk of further trauma if they
322:
The inquiry also appointed an
Indigenous Advisory Council made up of members from all the major regions of Australia. Members of the council were: Annette Peardon, Brian Butler, Yami Lester, Irene Stainton, Floyd Chermside, Barbara Cummings, Grant Dradge, Carol Kendall, Lola McNaughton,
727:, Premier of New South Wales, issued an apology on behalf of the people of NSW that included the words: "apologises unreservedly to the Aboriginal people of Australia for the systematic separation of generations of Aboriginal children from their parents, families, and communities".
236:
agencies and communities concerned that the general public's ignorance of the history of forcible removal was hindering the recognition of the needs of its victims and their families and the provision of services. The 680-page report was tabled in
275:
began soliciting statements from
Aboriginal people who had been removed from their families as children or who were parents of removed children. The service interviewed over 600 people during this time and produced a report titled
1451:
Senator the Hon John Herron, Minister for
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs to the Senate Legal And Constitutional References Committee, "Inquiry Into The Stolen Generation", Federal Government Submission, March
1439:
occurred. We also sought out independent sources where possible and include them in this report. We have ensured that our findings, conclusions and recommendations are supported by the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
826:
A number of responses, some critical, responded to the points raised Herron and
Brunton. Many of these arguments continue into the present around the formal apology to the Stolen Generations of 13 February 2008.
653:
A future where all
Australians, whatever their origins, are truly equal partners, with equal opportunities and with an equal stake in shaping the next chapter in the history of this great country, Australia.
998:
E LAW - Murdoch
University Electronic Journal of Law, Paper Presented at the 23rd Annual Australian and New Zealand Law and History Society Conference, Murdoch University, Western Australia (2–4 July 2004)
1057:
607:), Rudd tabled the following apology as the first order of business at the opening of Australia's Parliament in 2008; it was passed unanimously by the members of the lower house at 9:57 a.m.:
304:
37:
1450:
409:
During the course of the inquiry 777 submissions were received, which included 535 Indigenous individual and group submissions, 49 church submissions and 7 government submissions.
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The time has now come for the nation to turn a new page; a new page in
Australia’s history by righting the wrongs of the past and so moving forward with confidence to the future.
303:
Indigenous women, appointed as co-commissioners, provided support to the people who gave evidence in each region the inquiry visited. The co-commissioners were: Annette
Peardon,
1413:. Things that remind people of the trauma will bring back memories of the trauma and severe distress (Jane McKendrick, Victorian Aboriginal Mental Health Network, evidence 310).
552:
recommended an official apology be offered by the Australian Government for past government welfare policies which had separated children from parents on racial grounds. The
448:
and subtitled "A guide to the findings and recommendations of the National Inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families".
623:
We apologise for the laws and policies of successive Parliaments and governments, that have inflicted profound grief, suffering and loss on these our fellow Australians.
250:
715:
in the ACT for the hurt and distress inflicted upon any people as a result of the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families".
603:
would be made to Indigenous Australians. The wording of the apology would be decided in consultation with Indigenous leaders. On 13 February 2008, at 9:00am (
253:(SNAICC) resolved at its national conference in 1992 to demand a national inquiry. Other state Aboriginal organisations were also active during this period.
633:
We the Parliament of Australia respectfully request that this apology be received in the spirit in which it is offered as part of the healing of the nation.
959:
1028:
1098:"BASIC PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES ON THE RIGHT TO A REMEDY AND REPARATION FOR VICTIMS OF VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW"
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625:
We apologise especially for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, their communities and their country.
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91:
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Funding be made available to Indigenous agencies to allow Indigenous people affected by the forcible removal policies to record their history
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272:
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offer official apologies and acknowledge the responsibility of their predecessors for the laws, policies, and practices of forcible removal
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452:
The Community Guide summarised the report's conclusions that "indigenous families and communities have endured gross violations of their
641:
A future where we harness the determination of all Australians, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, to close the gap that lies between us in
406:
The first hearings took place on 4 December 1995 on Flinders Island with the last round of hearings ending on 3 October 1996 in Sydney.
1198:
1137:
1638:
1295:
460:, aimed at wiping out indigenous families, communities, and cultures, vital to the precious and inalienable heritage of Australia".
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525:
issued a statement of regret but resolutely refused to issue a formal apology. He has been quoted many times as refusing to take a
627:
For the pain, suffering, and hurt of these Stolen Generations, their descendants and for their families left behind, we say sorry.
1467:
619:
We reflect in particular on the mistreatment of those who were Stolen Generations—this blemished chapter in our national history.
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To the mothers and the fathers, the brothers and the sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities, we say sorry.
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115:
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believed that the term "apology" would suggest inter-generational guilt, and therefore left out the word "sorry" from his
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816:
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335:
The inquiry undertook an extensive programme of hearings in every capital city and in many regional and smaller centres.
440:
Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families
855:
360:
Melbourne, Lake Tyers, Bairnsdale, Morwell, Ballarat, Geelong, Framlingham, Portland, Mildura, Swan Hill and Echuca.
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For the future we take heart; resolving that this new page in the history of our great continent can now be written.
637:
We today take this first step by acknowledging the past and laying claim to a future that embraces all Australians.
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A future where we embrace the possibility of new solutions to enduring problems where old approaches have failed.
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Formal apologies have been tabled and passed by the Commonwealth Government, as well as the state parliaments of
79:
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967:
225:
97:
85:
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327:, Peter Rotimah, Nigel D'Souza, Maureen Abbott, Margaret Ah Kee, Bill Lowah, Matilda House, and Jim Wright.
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1395:
847:
789:
National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families
707:, moved a motion in the Territory Assembly that included the words: "that this Assembly apologises to the
268:, in which for the first time, acknowledgement was made that children were taken away from their mothers.
1633:
1112:
937:
662:
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And for the indignity and degradation thus inflicted on a proud people and a proud culture, we say sorry.
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was quoted in 1999 as saying that "every State Parliament has passed an apology". Former Prime Minister
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639:
A future where this Parliament resolves that the injustices of the past must never, never happen again.
536:, who succeeded Mr. Howard, tabled a formal apology on 13 February 2008, which was passed unanimously.
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908:
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877:
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Today we honour the Indigenous peoples of this land, the oldest continuing cultures in human history.
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319:. The co-commissioners also assisted in the development of the report and its recommendations.
233:
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109:
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27:
23:
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moved to replace Howard's motion of regret with an unreserved apology, but was unsuccessful.
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485:
934:"How to access the 'Bringing them home' report, community guide, video and education module"
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1202:
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456:. These violations continue to affect indigenous people's daily lives. They were an act of
8:
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217:. The report marked a pivotal moment in the controversy that has come to be known as the
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on their testimony and their evidence challenged. Acting on this judgment the report,
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1475:. IPA Backgrounder. Vol. 10. Institute of Public Affairs Ltd. Archived from
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Redfern, Campbelltown, Nowra, Sydney, Grafton, Dubbo, Broken Hill and Wilcannia.
265:
229:
16:
1997 Australian government report on the forced separation of indigenous families
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1614:
Bringing Them Home oral history interviews at the National Library of Australia
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530:
479:
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Hobart, Flinders Island, Cape Barren Island, Wybalenna, Launceston and Burnie.
316:
312:
1301:. Parliament of Australia Hansard. 26 August 1999. p. 152. Archived from
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Aboriginal organisations pushed for a national inquiry as early as 1990. The
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Brisbane, Rockhampton, Palm Island, Townsville, Cairns and Thursday Island.
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A future based on mutual respect, mutual resolve and mutual responsibility.
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On 17 June 1997, the Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory,
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300:, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner.
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36:
1370:"Labor's Response to the Stolen Generation - Bringing Them Home Report"
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Bringing them home: Apologies by State and Territory Parliaments (2008)
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658:
596:
533:
324:
576:, the only Aboriginal person then sitting in the federal parliament.
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be made to people forcibly removed from their families, and that the
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On 11 December 2007, the newly elected government of Prime Minister
1105:
Third Consultative Meeting (Geneva, 29 September to 1 October 2004)
724:
510:
457:
1266:
1296:"House of representatives Hansard Thursday 26 August 1999"
1201:. Parliament of Australia Parliamentary Library. Archived from
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On 24 October 2001, the Northern Territory Chief Minister,
517:. It may be that all states have done this because Senator
251:
Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care
848:"Content of apologies by State and Territory Parliaments"
1409:
And that is the case in any situation where there is a
468:
The report made many recommendations, including that:
207:
Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of
1428:. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. 1997
1398:. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. 1997
911:. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. 2005
691:
On 28 May 1997, the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs,
232:, on 11 May 1995, in response to efforts made by key
1585:
1023:
1021:
1019:
645:, educational achievement, and economic opportunity.
384:
Perth, Halls Creek, Broome, Bunbury, and Katanning.
1469:
Betraying the Victim: The Stolen Generations Report
1262:"From the Archives, 1999: Howard sends his regrets"
579:On Thursday 26 August 1999, John Howard, moved the
307:, Maryanne Bin Salik, Sadie Canning, Olive Knight,
1260:Wright, Tony; MacDonald, Janine (25 August 2021).
960:"Australia marks 20-year anniversary of Sorry Day"
928:
926:
909:"Bringing them home: The 'Stolen Children' report"
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
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1351:
1199:"Different Perspectives on Black Armband History"
1016:
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1609:Bringing them home: The 'Stolen Children' report
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1168:"Ridgeway puts apology back on political agenda"
679:On 27 May 1997, the Western Australian Premier,
1259:
923:
791:, notably the recommendation for an "apology".
747:On 17 September 1997, the Premier of Victoria,
698:
444:Less formal and shorter community guide called
1348:
1224:
1222:
1220:
787:rejected some elements of the findings of the
1069:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission
294:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission
273:Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia
1144:News Online. 18 October 2006. Archived from
988:
1367:
1217:
1174:7.30 Report. 24 August 1999. Archived from
1138:"Lennon commits $ 5m for Stolen Generation"
1052:
1050:
544:
330:
224:The inquiry was established by the federal
735:On 13 August 1997, the Tasmanian Premier,
35:
568:drafted the wording in consultation with
1327:Peatling, Stephanie (11 December 2007).
1326:
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759:On 26 May 1999, the Queensland Premier,
665:, 13 February 2008, at a sitting of the
143:National Inquiry into the Separation of
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1500:
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376:Mount Gambier, Port Augusta and Berri.
288:The inquiry was primarily conducted by
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1544:"Ron Brunton & Bringing Them Home"
1444:
1329:"How to say sorry and heal the wounds"
1109:International Service for Human Rights
903:
901:
899:
617:We reflect on their past mistreatment.
1234:"The history of apologies down under"
1197:McKenna, Dr Mark (10 November 1997).
766:
1564:
837:
674:
513:and the territory parliament of the
482:principles guide reparation measures
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13:
994:"Bringing Them Home the ALSWA Way"
882:Australian Human Rights Commission
878:"Bringing them Home - preliminary"
856:Australian Human Rights Commission
718:
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463:
446:Bringing them Home—Community Guide
14:
1655:
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1426:"Bringing them Home - The Report"
1396:"Bringing them Home - The Report"
419:
412:500 of the submissions were made
1639:Human rights abuses in Australia
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311:, Anne Louis, Laurel Williams,
1411:post-traumatic stress disorder
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70:Parliamentary apologies from:
1:
966:. 26 May 2018. Archived from
830:
778:
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556:moved in response to draft a
527:black armband view of history
244:
183:– 26 May 1997
1567:"After "Bringing them home""
699:Australian Capital Territory
349:Australian Capital Territory
315:, Josephine Ptero-David and
256:In 1992 then Prime Minister
215:Children from Their Families
151:Children from Their Families
30:children from their families
7:
1368:Kim Beazley (25 May 2001).
742:
730:
663:Prime Minister of Australia
430:Two reports were produced:
10:
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539:
423:
392:Darwin and Alice Springs.
1604:Bringing Them Home report
1334:The Sydney Morning Herald
711:and other Aboriginal and
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171:
155:
139:
60:
50:
34:
1518:(14): 23. Archived from
801:Motion of Reconciliation
581:Motion of Reconciliation
558:Motion of Reconciliation
545:Motion of Reconciliation
434:Formal, 700-page report
331:Hearings and submissions
131:Motion of Reconciliation
1548:Indigenous Law Bulletin
1511:Indigenous Law Bulletin
1506:"Letters to the Editor"
1031:. HREOC. Archived from
1029:"Inquiry Commissioners"
936:. HREOC. Archived from
713:Torres Strait Islanders
667:Parliament of Australia
560:to be delivered by the
205:is the 1997 Australian
1111:. 2004. Archived from
1071:. 1997. Archived from
672:
486:Australian Parliaments
213:Torres Strait Islander
149:Torres Strait Islander
129:Australian Government
28:Torres Strait Islander
1542:Wootten, Hal (1998).
609:
562:Australian Parliament
175:11 May 1995
1565:Read, Peter (1998).
1232:(21 February 2008).
591:The National Apology
493:Government apologies
1283:on August 27, 1999.
1279:First published in
1178:on 11 November 2005
1078:on 29 December 2005
292:, President of the
262:Redfern Park Speech
112:(17 September 1997)
31:
1634:Stolen Generations
1482:on 12 October 2006
1376:on 13 October 2006
1065:Bringing Them Home
970:on 21 January 2022
813:Bringing them Home
767:Northern Territory
599:announced that an
550:Bringing Them Home
515:Northern Territory
436:Bringing them Home
389:Northern Territory
239:Federal Parliament
219:Stolen Generations
202:Bringing Them Home
124:(13 February 2008)
65:Bringing Them Home
43:Bringing Them Home
21:
1629:1995 in Australia
1308:on 29 August 2006
1058:"Community Guide"
992:(December 2004).
785:Howard government
723:On 18 June 1997,
675:Western Australia
564:. Prime Minister
554:Howard government
426:Stolen Generation
404:
403:
381:Western Australia
290:Sir Ronald Wilson
278:Telling our Story
198:
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162:Sir Ronald Wilson
118:(24 October 2001)
55:Stolen Generation
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51:Also known as
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41:Cover of the
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19:
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1547:
1537:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1515:
1509:
1502:Brunton, Ron
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1468:
1464:Brunton, Ron
1458:
1446:
1437:
1430:. Retrieved
1420:
1407:
1400:. Retrieved
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
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1303:the original
1290:
1280:
1278:
1271:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
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1150:. Retrieved
1146:the original
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1120:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1104:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1073:the original
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1033:the original
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990:Antonio Buti
984:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
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942:. Retrieved
938:the original
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886:. Retrieved
881:
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860:. Retrieved
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773:Clare Martin
770:
758:
749:Jeff Kennett
746:
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705:Kate Carnell
702:
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614:
611:I move that:
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258:Paul Keating
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64:
42:
18:
1644:Reparations
1340:11 December
974:26 December
821:Ron Brunton
817:John Herron
807:were to be
797:John Howard
793:John Herron
737:Tony Rundle
585:Kim Beazley
566:John Howard
523:John Howard
476:Reparations
309:Kathy Mills
298:Mick Dodson
166:Mick Dodson
1623:Categories
1554:(12): 4–8.
1312:4 November
1273:10 October
1245:10 October
1209:2 November
1182:7 November
1152:7 November
1122:7 November
862:7 February
831:References
779:Criticisms
755:Queensland
693:Dean Brown
659:Kevin Rudd
597:Kevin Rudd
534:Kevin Rudd
365:Queensland
352:Canberra.
325:Isabel Coe
245:Background
234:Indigenous
209:Aboriginal
187:1997-05-26
179:1995-05-11
145:Aboriginal
24:Aboriginal
1082:8 October
1010:1321-8247
915:8 January
888:15 August
529:. Former
480:van Boven
140:Inquiries
122:Australia
1504:(1998).
1466:(1998).
1432:26 April
1402:26 April
964:SBS News
743:Victoria
731:Tasmania
725:Bob Carr
656:—
572:Senator
570:Democrat
511:Tasmania
499:Victoria
458:genocide
397:Tasmania
357:Victoria
1486:15 July
1380:15 July
1281:The Age
1267:The Age
1039:15 July
944:15 July
540:Federal
185: (
177: (
61:Outcome
1008:
858:. 2008
509:, and
296:, and
45:report
1526:4 May
1480:(PDF)
1473:(PDF)
1306:(PDF)
1299:(PDF)
1116:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
1004:(4).
1573:(7).
1528:2008
1488:2008
1452:2000
1434:2008
1404:2008
1382:2008
1342:2007
1314:2006
1275:2021
1247:2021
1211:2006
1184:2006
1154:2006
1124:2006
1084:2010
1041:2008
1006:ISSN
976:2019
946:2008
917:2008
890:2020
864:2008
819:and
783:The
605:AEDT
211:and
147:and
26:and
1172:ABC
1142:ABC
264:in
110:Vic
104:Tas
98:NSW
92:ACT
74:Qld
1625::
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116:NT
86:SA
80:WA
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948:.
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892:.
866:.
669:.
189:)
181:)
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