355:
50:
390:
This theory is contested, however, with many scholars including Dr Elva
Johnston arguing that the significance of the pagan goddess has been exaggerated at the historical figure's expense. Dr Johnson has written "the argument for the priority of the goddess over the saint depends on three
391:
interrelated points: firstly, that Brigit is not real, secondly that her lives betray that they are an attempt to euhemerise a pagan deity and finally an underlying assumption that a goddess cult is more empowering for the women of ancient and, by analogy, contemporary
Ireland".
345:
describes Brigit as "a woman of poetry, and poets worshipped her, for her sway was very great and very noble. And she was a woman of healing along with that, and a woman of smith's work, and it was she first made the whistle for calling one to another through the night."
386:
wrote that the melding of pagan goddess and
Christian saint can be seen in some of the saint's miracles, where she multiplies food, bestows cattle and sheep, controls the weather, and is linked with fire or thermal springs.
374:
The goddess and saint have many of the same associations. Saint Brigid is considered a patroness of healers, poets, blacksmiths, livestock and dairy workers, as well as serpents (in
Scotland) and the arrival of spring.
288:, who is also famous for her "protecting care". It says that Brigit has two sisters: Brigit the physician or "woman of healing", and Brigit the smith. It explains that from these, all goddesses in Ireland are called
366:
with the
Christian saint of the same name. According to medievalist Pamela Berger, Christian monks "took the ancient figure of the mother goddess and grafted her name and functions onto her Christian counterpart,"
241:, written in the 9th century by Christian monks, says that Brigid was "the goddess whom poets adored" and that she had two sisters: Brigid the healer and Brigid the smith. This suggests she may have been a
317:", Cirb (from whom the plain of Cirb is named). The animals were said to cry out whenever plundering was committed in Ireland. This suggests Brigid was a guardian goddess of domesticated animals.
406:
in honour of Saint Brigid, and that this fire was kept burning since Brigid's time. It has been suggested this fire originally belonged to a temple of Brigit the goddess. The Roman goddess
2359:
445:, the first day of spring in Irish tradition. Because Saint Brigid has been linked to the goddess Brigid, the festival of Imbolc is commonly associated with the goddess.
309:). Elsewhere, these are named as the two oxen of Dil, "radiant of beauty," which may have been a byname for Brigid. It also says she possesses the "king of boars",
1492:
338:, a combination of wailing and singing, while mourning the death of Ruadán. She is credited in the same passage with inventing a whistle used for night travel.
503:
rules prohibit the use of national figures and religious figures from contemporary religions, this is a reference to the goddess rather than the saint.
1417:
414:
had perpetual fires tended by priestesses. According to Gerald, it was ringed by a hedge that no man was allowed to cross, lest he be cursed.
301:
also calls Brigit a poetess and daughter of the Dagda. It says she has two oxen, Fea and Femen, from whom are named Mag Fea (the plain of the
1485:
425:
in
Ireland and Britain, where small strips of cloth or ribbons are left as part of a healing ritual. Celtic healing goddesses, such as
267:. It has thus been argued that the saint is a Christianization of the goddess, or that the lore of the goddess was transferred to her.
2108:
1478:
280:, written by Christian scribes in the 9th century and based on earlier sources, says that Brigit was a goddess and daughter of
1397:
1372:
1339:
1262:
2289:
1286:
673:
1457:
1216:
1195:
1031:
969:
855:
819:
187:
496:
745:... 'the Eminent'"), edited by Françoise Bader (Paris, 1994), pp. 34–40, that Brigid is a continuation of the
2329:
1312:
653:
568:. The earlier form gave rise to various forms in the languages of Europe, starting from the Medieval Latin
2319:
1425:
Catháin, Séamas Ó (1992). "Hearth-Prayers and Other
Traditions of Brigit: Celtic Goddess and Holy Woman".
383:
2309:
2339:
2344:
2334:
2314:
2299:
913:
Ellis, Peter
Berresford. "Celtic Women." Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, MI, 1995, p. 28.
382:"are mainly anecdotes and miracle stories, some of which are deeply rooted in Irish pagan folklore".
2324:
2304:
2354:
2349:
2294:
2284:
2208:
1901:
737:
331:
297:
68:
1941:
1513:
803:
746:
500:
235:
She is associated with wisdom, poetry, healing, protection, smithing and domesticated animals.
1677:
342:
55:
358:
Art mural in
Dundalk depicting the duality of Brigid the pagan goddess and Brigid the saint.
2222:
1553:
1165:
1951:
1470:
8:
1758:
1549:
634:
606:
250:
24:
2118:
2007:
1725:
1524:
221:
41:
2243:
2161:
1821:
1505:
1434:
962:
Gods and fighting men : the story of the Tuatha de Danann and the Fiana of
Ireland
886:
811:
754:
556:
1984:
1754:
1462:
1018:
2236:
2215:
2176:
2139:
1999:
1979:
1816:
1597:
1393:
1368:
1345:
1335:
1258:
1212:
1191:
1103:
975:
965:
851:
840:
815:
668:
407:
368:
322:
285:
256:
74:
20:
2032:
1367:. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 9. Brill. pp. 78–79.
2264:
2191:
2166:
2047:
1969:
1946:
1887:
1136:
1108:
1073:
842:
The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint
649:
515:, who emphasize her triple aspect. She is sometimes worshipped in conjunction with
426:
137:
2229:
2149:
1501:
1248:
1143:
1070:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature
945:
610:
609:, with whom Brigid is thought to have some relation. It is also cognate with the
512:
395:
217:
1735:
2087:
683:
602:
564:
399:
314:
246:
213:
204:
2037:
2278:
1961:
1567:
979:
924:
276:
237:
80:
49:
1707:
1577:
1572:
1349:
904:. Part IV. Irish Texts Society, Dublin, 1941. § VII, First Redaction, ¶ 317.
716:
2181:
2171:
1229:
1083:
847:
656:
652:, citing E. Campanile, suggests that Brigid could be a continuation of the
591:
531:
422:
310:
302:
292:; suggesting that it "may have been more of a title than a personal name".
242:
2017:
1918:
1078:
1065:
1039:
1001:(Fifth Edition, Revised). Oxford University Press, 2011. pp.66–67, 467–470
2250:
2186:
2027:
1862:
950:(The Second Battle of Mag Tuired), translated by Elizabeth A. Gray. ¶ 125
379:
354:
2042:
1627:
1617:
1438:
1287:"On the trail of a Celtic goddess: the Irish town celebrating St Brigid"
775:
Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition
1659:
1636:
363:
306:
2012:
1087:
1015:
Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations, Ortha Nan Gaidheal, Volume I
2113:
2103:
2022:
1872:
1852:
1793:
1782:
1715:
1711:
1622:
1587:
1539:
678:
520:
430:
418:
330:
and bears him a son, Ruadán. His name is cognate to several words in
281:
260:
225:
118:
114:
2072:
727:(Éditions Errance, 2003) pp. 87–88: "Le nom de la sainte irlandaise
284:. It describes her as a "goddess of poets" and "woman of wisdom" or
2144:
2082:
1933:
1882:
1811:
1778:
1687:
1631:
1254:
618:
551:
538:
334:
that mean "red, rust", etc. The story says she began the custom of
1672:
1534:
741:("The name of the Irish Saint Brigid is an adjective of the form *
2123:
1956:
1913:
1877:
1774:
1682:
1607:
688:
598:
559:
period. Since the spelling reform of 1948, this has been spelled
403:
335:
106:
1664:
1562:
2077:
1974:
1965:
1857:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1762:
1743:
1654:
1644:
1557:
1544:
750:
693:
488:
441:
436:
411:
313:(from whom the plain of Treithirne is named), and the "king of
264:
110:
1692:
173:
2052:
1989:
1923:
1801:
1730:
1720:
1668:
1640:
1582:
1452:
1419:
St. Brigit of Ireland: From Virgin Saint to Fertility Goddess
630:
626:
492:
96:
19:
This article is about the pagan goddess. For the saint, see
2154:
1867:
1806:
1768:
1749:
1739:
1702:
1649:
1612:
1592:
1500:
516:
327:
229:
1427:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
152:
1697:
176:
155:
149:
1104:
Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition: February
833:
831:
597:
and means "the high one" or "the exalted one". It is
452:
is traditionally a time for weather prognostication:
263:, 1 February, was originally a pagan festival called
188:
2360:
Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints
1332:
Neo-pagan Sacred Art and Altars: Making Things Whole
735:... 'l'Eminente'." Delamarre cites E. Campanile, in
711:
709:
179:
170:
167:
158:
146:
143:
1313:"The Irish For: Is Brigid the only saint in space?"
828:
245:. She is also thought to have some relation to the
164:
140:
1094:
839:
706:
398:wrote that nineteen nuns took turns in keeping a
2276:
1388:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q., eds. (1997).
1066:"Making St Brigit real in the early middle ages"
259:shares many of the goddess's attributes and her
1334:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 30.
1059:
1057:
362:Historians suggest that the goddess Brigid was
1466:(Genealogy of Bride) from the Carmina Gadelica
433:, were often associated with sacred springs.
1486:
1387:
1246:
1054:
270:
1128:
1009:
1007:
1493:
1479:
349:
48:
1362:
1329:
1250:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1234:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1211:. Buckinghamshire, Colin Smythe Limited.
1077:
993:
991:
989:
890:: "Mag Femin, Mag Fera, Mag Fea," Poem 36
875:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
802:
769:
767:
765:
763:
477:Though there should be three feet of snow
341:In her English retellings of Irish myth,
1310:
1240:
1158:
1063:
1004:
785:
783:
353:
232:, with whom she had a son named Ruadán.
1424:
1365:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
959:
922:
511:Brigid is an important figure for some
2277:
1311:Séaghdha, Darach Ó (1 February 2024).
1134:
986:
869:
867:
837:
760:
550:
537:
1474:
1392:. Taylor & Francis. p. 269.
1390:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
1284:
1201:
1180:
1100:
780:
563:
464:Ged robh trì troighean dhen t-sneachd
203:
121:, Brigid the Healer, Brigid the Smith
1228:
454:
1123:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint
864:
793:. The History Press, 2011. pp.26-27
791:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint
479:On the flat surface of the ground.
473:The serpent will come from the hole
13:
1410:
960:Gregory, Isabella Augusta (1904).
725:Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise
674:List of Irish-language given names
625:(बृहती) "high", an epithet of the
417:The saint is associated with many
305:) and Mag Femin (the plain of the
14:
2371:
1446:
1285:Smith, Phoebe (31 January 2024).
1188:In Search of Ireland's Holy Wells
1029:
777:. Prentice Hall Press, 1991. p.60
644:, "high"), derived from the root
439:is 1 February. It was originally
1198:pp. 12–19, 27, 56–7, 66, 69, 81.
1166:"Saint Brigid: St Brigid's Fire"
497:International Astronomical Union
136:
1381:
1356:
1323:
1304:
1278:
1236:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1488–1491.
1222:
1115:
1064:Johnston, Elva (January 2024).
1023:
999:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
964:. Yeats, W. B. : . p. 24.
953:
939:
916:
506:
208:; meaning 'exalted one'), also
1168:. Cill Dara Historical Society
907:
894:
880:
796:
495:was named after Brigit by the
1:
1013:Carmichael, Alexander (1900)
699:
1458:Mary Jones's entry on Brigid
877:. ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp.287-288
572:, and from there to English
7:
2290:Domestic and hearth deities
1137:"The Topography of Ireland"
900:Macalister, R. A. Stewart.
719:See also Xavier Delamarre,
662:
10:
2376:
1330:Magliocco, Sabina (2001).
1190:. Dublin, Wolfhound Press
1036:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
731:est un adjectif de forme *
475:On the brown Day of Bríde,
460:Thig an nathair as an toll
394:In the late 12th century,
23:. For the given name, see
18:
2260:
2200:
2132:
2096:
2065:
1998:
1932:
1909:
1900:
1845:
1792:
1523:
1512:
1453:Brighid Goddess and Saint
1363:Matasović, Ranko (2009).
1209:The Holy Wells of Ireland
633:. The ultimate source is
271:In early Irish literature
102:
92:
87:
63:
54:"The Coming of Bríde" by
47:
39:
34:
1186:Healy, Elizabeth (2002)
1019:The Sacred Texts Archive
888:The Metrical Dindsenchas
738:Langues indo-européennes
458:
923:Stifter, David (1998).
838:Berger, Pamela (1985).
804:Sjoestedt, Marie-Louise
526:
350:Brigid and Saint Brigid
332:Indo-European languages
2237:Aided Chlainne Tuirenn
1207:Logan, Patrick (1980)
1135:Cambrensis, Giraldus.
808:Celtic Gods and Heroes
501:planetary nomenclature
471:
448:Saint Brigid's Day or
410:and the Greek goddess
359:
326:, Bríg is the wife of
1464:Sloinntireachd Bhride
1416:Bitel, Lisa M. 2001.
1247:John T. Koch (2006).
1079:10.1353/ria.0.a918428
806:(18 September 2000).
747:Indo-European goddess
721:brigantion / brigant-
601:with the name of the
357:
214:pre-Christian Ireland
2330:Irish royal consorts
2263:part of a series on
1101:Burns, Paul (1998).
590:The name comes from
539:[ˈbʲɾʲiʝidʲ]
343:Lady Augusta Gregory
814:. pp. 21, 25.
635:Proto-Indo-European
542:came to be spelled
220:as a member of the
205:[ˈbʲɾʲiːdʲ]
25:Brigid (given name)
2310:Smithing goddesses
2230:Aided Chlainne Lir
2209:Lebor Gabála Érenn
1506:Mythological Cycle
902:Lebor Gabála Érenn
812:Dover Publications
773:Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí.
640:(feminine form of
565:[bʲɾʲiːdʲ]
557:early modern Irish
552:[bʲɾʲiːdʲ]
466:Air leac an làir.
437:Saint Brigid's Day
360:
298:Lebor Gabála Érenn
224:, the daughter of
212:, is a goddess of
69:Lebor Gabála Érenn
2340:Women metalsmiths
2272:
2271:
2216:Cath Maige Tuired
2061:
2060:
1952:Fiacha Cennfinnán
1896:
1895:
1399:978-1-884964-98-5
1374:978-90-04-17336-1
1341:978-1-57806-391-8
1264:978-1-85109-440-0
1146:. pp. 54, 59
1109:Burns & Oates
1084:Project MUSE
947:Cath Maige Tuired
485:
484:
369:Brigid of Kildare
323:Cath Maige Tuired
277:Cormac's Glossary
238:Cormac's Glossary
216:. She appears in
125:
124:
81:Cormac's Glossary
75:Cath Maige Tuired
21:Brigid of Kildare
2367:
2345:Celtic goddesses
2335:Wisdom goddesses
2320:Tuatha Dé Danann
2315:Triple goddesses
2300:Health goddesses
2265:Celtic mythology
2119:Lúin of Celtchar
2008:Amergin Glúingel
1947:Eochaid mac Eirc
1907:
1906:
1888:Tuan mac Cairill
1521:
1520:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1442:
1404:
1403:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:on 28 April 2009
1038:. Archived from
1027:
1021:
1011:
1002:
995:
984:
983:
957:
951:
943:
937:
936:
920:
914:
911:
905:
898:
892:
884:
878:
871:
862:
861:
845:
835:
826:
825:
800:
794:
787:
778:
771:
758:
717:Behind the Name.
713:
650:Xavier Delamarre
567:
554:
541:
499:in 1985. As the
455:
222:Tuatha Dé Danann
207:
202:
195:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
52:
42:Tuatha Dé Danann
32:
31:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2325:Water goddesses
2305:Irish goddesses
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2223:Tochmarc Étaíne
2196:
2128:
2092:
2057:
1994:
1942:Aengus mac Umor
1928:
1892:
1841:
1788:
1526:
1515:
1508:
1502:Irish mythology
1499:
1449:
1413:
1411:Further reading
1408:
1407:
1400:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1257:. p. 287.
1245:
1241:
1227:
1223:
1219:. pp. 22–3, 95.
1206:
1202:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1144:York University
1139:
1133:
1129:
1121:Wright, Brian.
1120:
1116:
1111:. pp. 1–4.
1099:
1095:
1062:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1024:
1012:
1005:
997:Farmer, David.
996:
987:
972:
958:
954:
944:
940:
921:
917:
912:
908:
899:
895:
885:
881:
872:
865:
858:
836:
829:
822:
801:
797:
789:Wright, Brian.
788:
781:
772:
761:
715:Campbell, Mike
714:
707:
702:
665:
611:Old High German
603:ancient British
529:
509:
481:
478:
476:
474:
468:
465:
463:
461:
396:Gerald of Wales
384:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin
352:
273:
218:Irish mythology
200:
193:
189:
163:
139:
135:
59:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2355:Spring deities
2352:
2350:Dawn goddesses
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Fire goddesses
2292:
2287:
2285:Arts goddesses
2270:
2269:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Fintan's Grave
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Four Treasures
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2088:Glas Gaibhnenn
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Fénius Farsaid
2030:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
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1982:
1977:
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1447:External links
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629:dawn goddess
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1291:The Guardian
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1160:
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1040:the original
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848:Beacon Press
841:
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657:dawn goddess
645:
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614:
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592:Proto-Celtic
589:
585:
584:and Finnish
581:
577:
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569:
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547:
543:
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532:Middle Irish
530:
510:
507:Neo-Paganism
486:
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440:
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389:
378:The saint's
377:
373:
361:
340:
321:
319:
303:River Barrow
296:
294:
289:
275:
274:
257:Saint Brigid
255:
243:triple deity
236:
234:
228:and wife of
209:
131:
127:
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79:
73:
67:
29:
2251:Dindsenchas
2038:Goídel Glas
1863:Crom Cruach
1172:28 December
1150:28 December
1046:14 December
929:Die Sprache
642:*bʰérǵʰonts
402:burning at
364:syncretized
311:Torc Triath
56:John Duncan
2279:Categories
2155:Tech Duinn
2150:Tír na nÓg
2140:Otherworld
1794:Fomhoraigh
1708:Mac Gréine
1637:Dian Cecht
1573:Bé Chuille
1296:3 February
1230:Koch, John
846:. Boston:
700:References
419:holy wells
307:River Suir
2114:Fragarach
2104:Areadbhar
2066:Creatures
2023:Éber Finn
2018:Éber Donn
2000:Milesians
1919:Partholón
1873:Mug Ruith
1716:Mac Cecht
1712:Mac Cuill
1588:Bodb Derg
1525:Tuatha Dé
1433:: 12–34.
980:907958219
679:Saraswati
607:Brigantia
595:*Brigantī
578:Brigitte,
576:, French
521:Cernunnos
431:Coventina
282:the Dagda
261:feast day
251:Brigantia
226:the Dagda
119:Bodb Derg
88:Genealogy
2192:Uisneach
2182:Teamhair
2145:Mag Mell
2083:Failinis
2073:Aes Síde
2043:Lámfhind
1980:Rudraige
1934:Fir Bolg
1902:Settlers
1883:Tlachtga
1853:Caillech
1812:Cethlenn
1736:Morrígan
1726:Manannán
1688:Fuamnach
1628:Delbáeth
1568:Bánánach
1439:25509020
1350:46573490
1270:14 March
1255:ABC-CLIO
1232:(2006).
1032:"Brigit"
743:brigenti
733:brigenti
663:See also
646:*bʰerǵʰ-
619:Sanskrit
617:and the
615:Burgunt,
605:goddess
586:Piritta.
582:Birgitta
580:Swedish
249:goddess
103:Siblings
2187:Toraigh
2124:Uaithne
2013:Breogán
1970:Sengann
1957:Fodbgen
1878:Tailtiu
1775:Goibniu
1759:Nechtan
1683:Flidais
1632:Tuirenn
1608:Cermait
1516:figures
749:of the
689:Perchta
599:cognate
574:Bridget
570:Brigida
555:by the
548:Brighid
404:Kildare
336:keening
315:wethers
107:Cermait
93:Parents
2133:Places
2078:Enbarr
2028:Érimón
1985:Sláine
1975:Rinnal
1966:Genann
1914:Cesair
1858:Carman
1846:Others
1837:Tethra
1832:Ethniu
1827:Elatha
1822:Conand
1817:Cichol
1783:Luchta
1779:Credne
1763:Elcmar
1744:Nemain
1678:Fiacha
1655:Ernmas
1645:Airmed
1618:Clídna
1603:Brigid
1578:Béḃinn
1558:Danand
1545:Aengus
1527:Danann
1504:: the
1437:
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1125:. p.75
1088:918428
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729:Brigit
694:Athena
623:Bṛhatī
544:Briġid
535:Brigit
489:tholus
450:Imbolc
442:Imbolc
427:Sirona
412:Hestia
290:Brigit
265:Imbolc
201:Irish:
132:Brigit
128:Brigid
111:Aengus
58:(1917)
35:Brigid
2201:Texts
2097:Items
2053:Scota
1990:Sreng
1924:Nemed
1802:Balor
1755:Nuada
1731:Midir
1721:Macha
1673:Fódla
1669:Banba
1660:Étaín
1641:Miach
1623:Dagda
1598:Brian
1583:Boann
1535:Abcán
1435:JSTOR
1140:(PDF)
753:like
723:, in
631:Ushas
627:Hindu
621:word
493:Venus
408:Vesta
192:-id,
97:Dagda
64:Texts
1962:Gann
1868:Donn
1807:Bres
1769:Ogma
1750:Neit
1740:Badb
1665:Ériu
1650:Ecne
1613:Cian
1593:Bres
1563:Áine
1554:Danu
1394:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1346:OCLC
1336:ISBN
1298:2024
1272:2013
1259:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1174:2012
1152:2012
1048:2012
976:OCLC
966:ISBN
852:ISBN
816:ISBN
751:dawn
561:Bríd
546:and
527:Name
517:Lugh
429:and
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328:Bres
295:The
286:sage
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210:Bríg
194:BREE
190:BRIJ
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