20:
184:
248:
87:
2481:
2189:
923:
933:
240:) on the south coast of Rio Grande are considered the first successful vine plantations in Brazil. By the late 1870s, winemaking was more definitely established and had taken hold in Serra Gaúcha, where Italian immigrants did much of the vine-growing, and mostly American vines were produced. Some Italian varieties and
213:
Several less successful attempts at introducing
European vines into Brazil were made during the centuries. The first vines were brought to Brazil by the Portuguese in 1532, who planted them in the state
78:, and in 2003 only some 5,000 ha (12,000 acres) were planted with such vines. The rest are American vines or hybrid vines, many of which are easier to cultivate under Brazilian growing conditions.
459:
Wurz, Douglas André; Bem, Betina
Pereira de; Allebrandt, Ricardo; Bonin, Bruno; Dalmolin, Luiz Gabriel; Canossa, Adrielen Tamiris; Rufato, Leo; Kretzschmar, Aike Anneliese (2017).
868:
293:
358:
435:
863:
635:
197:
460:
565:
810:
382:
640:
101:
Most of the wine production of Brazil is concentrated in the temperate south of the country, 90% of which is produced in the state of
969:
282:
2415:
501:
402:
2237:
19:
2516:
183:
936:
258:
Wine production with higher quality ambitions started in the 1970s, when several international wine companies such as
1499:
752:
342:
978:
1474:
600:
558:
1788:
424:
1955:
645:
94:
Brazil stretches from the equator to the subtropics, and its enormous size and topographic variation mean that
2441:
962:
805:
65:
2446:
1329:
842:
759:
538:
1169:
873:
800:
683:
673:
668:
49:; production in 2018 was 3.1 million hectolitres (82,000,000 US gal), slightly more than
2526:
2366:
2333:
2162:
926:
742:
693:
582:
551:
2456:
2346:
827:
53:. In 2019, Brazil was the 15th largest wine producer in the world. A substantial area is devoted to
133:("Gaucho Highlands"), especially celebrated for its sparkling wine. The others are Campanha, in the
2521:
2451:
2230:
2172:
2101:
1993:
1594:
1577:
955:
329:
425:"The emerging Brazilian wine industry: challenges and prospects for the Serra Gaúcha wine cluster"
2511:
2341:
1714:
1550:
734:
247:
146:
2204:
2127:
1572:
908:
747:
150:
334:
324:
161:
2142:
1911:
1555:
1259:
769:
764:
655:
533:
169:
461:"New wine-growing regions of Brazil and their importance in the evolution of Brazilian wine"
1793:
1545:
878:
688:
394:
215:
8:
2371:
2323:
2223:
1467:
893:
883:
837:
590:
110:
106:
1773:
86:
2361:
1866:
1234:
1017:
795:
610:
222:
brought
Spanish vines to Rio Grande do Sul in 1626, and 18th century settlers from the
202:
122:
2315:
2262:
1846:
1584:
898:
832:
719:
620:
574:
482:
398:
338:
259:
142:
102:
95:
28:
1783:
714:
252:
2106:
2033:
1896:
1798:
1376:
1289:
1254:
1108:
1053:
822:
817:
472:
390:
231:
114:
50:
709:
477:
2461:
2282:
2199:
1985:
1813:
1748:
1691:
1654:
1534:
1412:
1371:
1274:
1239:
1138:
1113:
320:
206:
126:
172:
climate. It is notable for being able to produce two crops of grapes each year.
130:
2351:
2300:
2254:
2111:
2083:
2058:
1979:
1968:
1963:
1861:
1828:
1644:
1622:
1589:
1565:
1460:
1422:
1392:
1324:
1304:
1219:
1174:
1123:
1088:
1043:
1022:
1002:
858:
678:
523:
236:
156:
While wine grapes are traditionally thought of as unsuitable for hot climates,
74:
2356:
262:
invested in Brazil in the 1970s and brought in know-how and modern equipment.
2505:
2480:
2381:
2290:
2188:
2096:
2091:
1768:
1560:
1417:
1397:
1355:
1345:
1279:
1249:
1204:
1179:
1159:
1154:
1098:
1083:
1063:
1048:
1027:
1012:
1007:
997:
992:
615:
486:
38:
2167:
1758:
1696:
1686:
1639:
1407:
1350:
1314:
1309:
1294:
1284:
1244:
1229:
1184:
1164:
1133:
1078:
1073:
630:
625:
595:
518:
118:
58:
1916:
149:. Smaller-scale viticulture also takes place in the neighbouring state of
2485:
2436:
2399:
2193:
2048:
2038:
1936:
1701:
1632:
1491:
1299:
1269:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1118:
1093:
1068:
1058:
888:
105:
alone. The state boasts 4 different wine regions, which span between the
54:
1818:
2389:
2305:
2295:
2246:
2152:
2147:
2132:
2068:
2063:
2028:
1926:
1921:
1881:
1808:
1753:
1743:
1725:
1681:
1669:
1659:
1617:
1443:
1433:
1319:
1264:
1224:
1214:
1189:
1103:
779:
528:
165:
157:
1738:
57:: 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) in 2018, though much of it produces
2267:
2157:
2137:
2073:
2053:
2043:
2003:
1941:
1823:
1763:
1664:
1509:
1128:
774:
724:
42:
903:
543:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1891:
1871:
1838:
1803:
1649:
1612:
1524:
1519:
1504:
1733:
947:
2466:
2272:
2023:
1876:
1851:
1778:
1514:
605:
227:
138:
1627:
2431:
2394:
2018:
1906:
1901:
381:
Possingham, John; Henschke, Paul; Smart, Richard (2015-11-19),
241:
223:
219:
134:
34:
2215:
1931:
1886:
1856:
46:
333:(Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
1483:
1439:
129:. The oldest and most important wine-producing region is
1452:
380:
458:
283:"2019 Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture"
2503:
319:
2231:
1468:
963:
559:
422:
113:, similar to other wine-producing regions in
251:Brazilian wine for sale in a supermarket in
502:"Brazilian Winemakers Ready for the Season"
359:"Vitivinicultura brasileira: panorama 2019"
290:International Organisation of Vine and Wine
72:) are produced from the European grapevine
2238:
2224:
1475:
1461:
970:
956:
566:
552:
423:Fensterseifer, Jaime Evaldo (2006-07-06).
201:The 29th parallel south also runs through
476:
37:is the third-largest producer of wine in
1438:
499:
246:
230:and the Azores. In 1840, plantations of
85:
81:
18:
2416:Clarification and stabilization of wine
500:Reporter, Contributing (May 11, 2011).
2504:
2219:
1456:
1437:
951:
573:
547:
315:
313:
932:
395:10.1093/acref/9780198705383.001.0001
277:
275:
977:
90:Wine from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
13:
310:
14:
2538:
1500:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
432:Academy of Wine Business Research
272:
2479:
2187:
931:
922:
921:
182:
441:from the original on 2019-08-10
299:from the original on 2021-02-06
2245:
493:
452:
416:
374:
351:
1:
2442:Glossary of viticulture terms
265:
2447:Glossary of winemaking terms
387:The Oxford Companion to Wine
7:
512:
478:10.1051/bioconf/20170901025
389:, Oxford University Press,
234:(a cultivar of the species
226:brought vine cuttings from
10:
2543:
2517:Brazilian alcoholic drinks
2367:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
175:
2475:
2457:History of the wine press
2424:
2408:
2380:
2347:Sparkling wine production
2332:
2314:
2281:
2253:
2181:
2120:
2082:
1977:
1954:
1837:
1724:
1712:
1605:
1533:
1490:
1450:
1385:
1364:
1338:
1147:
1036:
985:
917:
851:
788:
733:
702:
654:
581:
539:Vitiviniculture in Paraná
69:
61:rather than wine grapes.
2452:Wine tasting descriptors
2173:Wine tasting descriptors
2102:Phenolic content in wine
1994:Alternative wine closure
1578:Great French Wine Blight
1482:
811:Automobiles manufactured
330:Oxford Companion to Wine
2342:Malolactic fermentation
869:Federative units by HDI
864:Federative units by GDP
160:has been successful in
147:Campos de Cima da Serra
1170:Bosnia and Herzegovina
909:Central Bank of Brazil
465:BIO Web of Conferences
383:"tropical viticulture"
255:
91:
64:Better quality wines (
31:
2143:Wine and food pairing
534:Agriculture in Brazil
250:
89:
82:Climate and geography
22:
16:Wine making in Brazil
1794:Muscat of Alexandria
198:class=notpageimage|
162:São Francisco Valley
66:Brazilian Portuguese
2372:Yeast in winemaking
2324:Carbonic maceration
806:Automotive industry
636:Stabilization plans
111:34th parallel south
2362:Traditional method
2163:Wine personalities
1867:Cabernet Sauvignon
843:Telecommunications
260:Moet & Chandon
256:
244:were later added.
92:
32:
27:, in the state of
2527:Brazilian cuisine
2499:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2263:Late harvest wine
2213:
2212:
1950:
1949:
1847:Alicante Bouschet
1595:Judgment of Paris
1431:
1430:
945:
944:
899:Brazilian disease
814:
801:Creative industry
756:
720:Cingapura project
641:2007–10 recession
621:Brazilian Miracle
575:Economy of Brazil
404:978-0-19-870538-3
137:region bordering
103:Rio Grande do Sul
29:Rio Grande do Sul
25:Vale dos Vinhedos
23:Vineyards in the
2534:
2484:
2483:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2192:
2191:
2107:Proteins in wine
1774:Grüner Veltliner
1722:
1721:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1435:
1434:
972:
965:
958:
949:
948:
935:
934:
925:
924:
808:
750:
743:Renewable energy
694:Animal husbandry
568:
561:
554:
545:
544:
506:
505:
497:
491:
490:
480:
456:
450:
449:
447:
446:
440:
429:
420:
414:
413:
412:
411:
378:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
355:
349:
348:
317:
308:
307:
305:
304:
298:
287:
279:
191:
186:
143:Serra do Sudeste
98:varies widely.
2542:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2522:Wine by country
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2486:Wine portal
2478:
2471:
2462:History of wine
2420:
2404:
2376:
2328:
2310:
2291:Deacidification
2277:
2249:
2244:
2214:
2209:
2194:Wine portal
2186:
2177:
2116:
2078:
1983:
1973:
1946:
1833:
1814:Sauvignon blanc
1749:Cayetana blanca
1717:
1715:grape varieties
1708:
1601:
1529:
1486:
1481:
1446:
1432:
1427:
1381:
1360:
1334:
1260:North Macedonia
1143:
1032:
981:
979:Wine by country
976:
946:
941:
913:
847:
784:
729:
698:
650:
577:
572:
515:
510:
509:
498:
494:
457:
453:
444:
442:
438:
427:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
379:
375:
366:
364:
361:
357:
356:
352:
345:
321:Jancis Robinson
318:
311:
302:
300:
296:
285:
281:
280:
273:
268:
211:
210:
209:
200:
194:
193:
192:
189:
178:
141:and Argentina,
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2540:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Brazilian wine
2497:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Sugars in wine
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2301:Chaptalization
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Classification
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2112:Sugars in wine
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2084:Wine chemistry
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Wine dispenser
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:Cabernet Franc
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1829:Welschriesling
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:Müller-Thurgau
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Ancient Greece
1548:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1330:United Kingdom
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Czech Republic
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
983:
982:
975:
974:
967:
960:
952:
943:
942:
940:
939:
929:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Infrastructure
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
853:
849:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
803:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
745:
739:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
715:Auxílio Brasil
712:
706:
704:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
660:
658:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
585:
579:
578:
571:
570:
563:
556:
548:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
524:Argentina wine
521:
514:
511:
508:
507:
492:
451:
415:
403:
373:
350:
343:
323:, ed. (2006).
309:
270:
269:
267:
264:
237:Vitis labrusca
196:
195:
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:
177:
174:
168:, which has a
151:Santa Catarina
83:
80:
75:Vitis vinifera
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2539:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Acids in wine
2095:
2093:
2092:Aroma of wine
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1956:Major regions
1953:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Montepulciano
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:South America
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1356:United States
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:North America
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Liechtenstein
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
980:
973:
968:
966:
961:
959:
954:
953:
950:
938:
930:
928:
920:
919:
916:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
850:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
812:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:Other sectors
787:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:
732:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Bolsa Família
708:
707:
705:
701:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
659:
657:
653:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:Plano Trienal
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
549:
546:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
503:
496:
488:
484:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
437:
433:
426:
419:
406:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
360:
354:
346:
344:0-19-860990-6
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
316:
314:
295:
291:
284:
278:
276:
271:
263:
261:
254:
249:
245:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
208:
204:
199:
185:
173:
171:
170:hot semi-arid
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
88:
79:
77:
76:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:South America
36:
30:
26:
21:
2477:
2334:Fermentation
2185:
2168:Wine tasting
1789:Muscat blanc
1759:Chenin blanc
1556:Ancient Rome
1402:
1018:South Africa
748:Ethanol fuel
663:
631:Plano Collor
626:Samba effect
611:Rubber cycle
596:Coffee cycle
519:Uruguay wine
495:
468:
464:
454:
443:. Retrieved
431:
418:
408:, retrieved
386:
376:
365:. Retrieved
353:
328:
301:. Retrieved
289:
257:
235:
212:
203:South Africa
155:
131:Serra Gaúcha
123:South Africa
100:
93:
73:
63:
59:table grapes
33:
24:
2437:Wine bottle
2409:Other steps
2400:Wine cellar
2357:Süssreserve
2049:Wine cellar
2039:Wine bottle
1980:accessories
1978:Packaging,
1937:Tempranillo
1566:Noah's wine
1546:Phoenicians
1492:Viticulture
1377:New Zealand
1320:Switzerland
1265:Netherlands
1114:Philippines
889:Brazil Cost
765:Solar power
760:Electricity
656:Agriculture
646:2014 crisis
55:viticulture
51:New Zealand
2506:Categories
2316:Maceration
2306:Wine press
2296:Destemming
2247:Winemaking
2153:Wine fraud
2148:Wine fault
2133:Oenophilia
2069:Wine label
2064:Wine glass
2029:Port tongs
1927:Sangiovese
1922:Pinot noir
1882:Douce noir
1809:Rkatsiteli
1754:Chardonnay
1744:Catarratto
1718:by acreage
1692:Biodynamic
1655:Aromatized
1444:winemaking
1290:San Marino
1255:Montenegro
1240:Luxembourg
1094:Kazakhstan
1054:Azerbaijan
879:Corruption
818:Healthcare
780:Eletrobras
689:Irrigation
591:Gold cycle
529:Winemaking
445:2021-03-07
410:2021-03-30
367:2024-04-05
303:2021-03-07
266:References
166:Pernambuco
158:winemaking
70:vinho fino
2268:Noble rot
2158:Winemaker
2138:Sommelier
2074:Wine rack
2054:Wine cork
2044:Wine cave
2034:Screw cap
2004:Corkscrew
1969:New World
1964:Old World
1942:Zinfandel
1917:Mourvèdre
1824:Trebbiano
1764:Colombard
1665:Noble rot
1645:Fortified
1623:Sparkling
1590:New World
1393:Argentina
1372:Australia
1109:Palestine
874:Companies
838:Transport
775:Petrobras
725:Fome Zero
487:2117-4458
471:: 01025.
216:São Paulo
207:Australia
127:Australia
115:Argentina
43:Argentina
41:, behind
2283:Pressing
2205:Glossary
2121:Industry
2014:Jug wine
2009:Decanter
1999:Box wine
1897:Isabella
1892:Grenache
1872:Carignan
1819:Sémillon
1804:Riesling
1799:Palomino
1542:Ancient
1525:Vineyard
1520:Veraison
1505:Oenology
1413:Paraguay
1305:Slovenia
1300:Slovakia
1275:Portugal
1175:Bulgaria
1129:Thailand
1044:Abkhazia
1023:Tanzania
1003:Ethiopia
927:Category
796:Industry
513:See also
436:Archived
325:"Brazil"
294:Archived
292:. 2019.
232:Isabella
2467:Terroir
2425:Related
2273:Vintage
2255:Harvest
2200:Outline
2024:Muselet
1986:storage
1877:Cinsaut
1852:Barbera
1779:Macabeo
1739:Aligoté
1697:Organic
1687:Natural
1640:Dessert
1585:Georgia
1535:History
1515:Terroir
1510:Species
1423:Uruguay
1398:Bolivia
1365:Oceania
1325:Ukraine
1280:Romania
1250:Moldova
1225:Ireland
1220:Hungary
1210:Germany
1205:Georgia
1195:Denmark
1180:Croatia
1165:Belgium
1160:Austria
1155:Albania
1139:Vietnam
1099:Lebanon
1049:Armenia
1028:Tunisia
1013:Namibia
1008:Morocco
993:Algeria
937:Commons
833:Tourism
828:Exports
753:History
703:Welfare
606:Fazenda
583:History
335:102–103
228:Madeira
220:Jesuits
176:History
139:Uruguay
96:climate
2432:Winery
2395:Solera
2019:Kvevri
1907:Merlot
1902:Malbec
1702:Kosher
1678:Other
1633:Orange
1606:Styles
1573:France
1403:Brazil
1351:Mexico
1346:Canada
1315:Sweden
1295:Serbia
1285:Russia
1270:Poland
1215:Greece
1200:France
1185:Cyprus
1148:Europe
1134:Turkey
1124:Taiwan
1089:Jordan
1079:Israel
1059:Bhutan
986:Africa
904:Camelô
823:Mining
735:Energy
684:Coffee
674:Orange
669:Banana
601:Empire
485:
401:
341:
253:Paraná
242:Tannat
224:Azores
135:pampas
35:Brazil
2382:Aging
1932:Syrah
1887:Gamay
1857:Bobal
1769:Glera
1734:Airén
1726:White
1682:Table
1670:Straw
1660:Fruit
1618:White
1561:China
1440:Wines
1408:Chile
1310:Spain
1245:Malta
1230:Italy
1119:Syria
1104:Nepal
1084:Japan
1069:India
1064:China
998:Egypt
852:Misc.
439:(PDF)
428:(PDF)
362:(PDF)
297:(PDF)
286:(PDF)
119:Chile
47:Chile
1984:and
1713:Top
1628:Rosé
1484:Wine
1442:and
1418:Peru
1074:Iran
1037:Asia
859:Real
770:Vale
679:Beer
664:Wine
483:ISSN
399:ISBN
339:ISBN
205:and
145:and
125:and
109:and
107:28th
45:and
2390:Oak
1839:Red
1650:Ice
1613:Red
473:doi
391:doi
190:29°
164:in
2508::
894:B3
481:.
467:.
463:.
434:.
430:.
397:,
385:,
337:.
327:.
312:^
288:.
274:^
218:.
153:.
121:,
117:,
68::
2239:e
2232:t
2225:v
1982:,
1476:e
1469:t
1462:v
971:e
964:t
957:v
813:)
809:(
755:)
751:(
567:e
560:t
553:v
504:.
489:.
475::
469:9
448:.
393::
370:.
347:.
306:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
