773:
1520:
1704:
1393:
2019:
670:
1916:
1573:
1288:
1968:
1340:
1652:
1983:
2035:
1942:
1626:
1416:
1756:
1835:
1222:
1383:
1889:
1862:
1494:
1314:
1205:
1782:
1730:
1442:
379:
1367:
1239:
2046:
1468:
1642:
60:
1356:
1809:
1304:
1678:
4785:
1599:
1547:
1510:
935:
1958:
1694:
5477:
3913:
5451:
4755:
4575:
4560:
1278:
1851:
1432:
1484:
4470:
4410:
1932:
1905:
1458:
926:
the 15 votes in the
Security Council, but the sole opposing vote was a US veto. After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, France offered a compromise in which Boutros-Ghali would be appointed to a short term of two years, but the United States rejected the French offer. Finally, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the second Secretary-General ever to be denied re-election by a veto, with Kurt Waldheim being the first.
4665:
4605:
4515:
4455:
1878:
4770:
4680:
1798:
1746:
1589:
1536:
3653:
4485:
4440:
3783:
1772:
1563:
1406:
5489:
2009:
3759:
1825:
1720:
1330:
4800:
4740:
4635:
4620:
4590:
4545:
4500:
1615:
4725:
4710:
4695:
4650:
4530:
4425:
4395:
1668:
1993:
860:
802:, a suggestion for how the UN could respond to violent conflict. He set three goals: for the UN to be more active in promoting democracy, for the UN to conduct preventative diplomacy to avert crises, and to expand the UN's role as peacekeeper. Although the goals were consistent with those of US president
925:
asked
Boutros-Ghali to resign and offered to establish a foundation for him to run, an offer that other Western diplomats called "ludicrous". American diplomatic pressure also had no effect, as other members of the Security Council remained unwavering in their support for Boutros-Ghali. He won 14 of
969:
and was one of the initial signatories of the
Campaign's appeal in 2007. In a message to the Campaign, he stressed the necessity to establish democratic participation of citizens at the global level. From 2009 to 2015, he also participated as a jury member for the Conflict Prevention Prize, awarded
763:
of
Zimbabwe in the first two rounds of polling, edged ahead by one vote in round 3, and fell behind by one vote in round 4. After several countries withdrew their support for Chidzero, fed by fears that the United States was trying to eliminate both of the leading candidates, Boutros-Ghali won a
636:
in 1949. During 1949–1979, he was appointed
Professor of International Law and International Relations at Cairo University. He became President of the Centre of Political and Strategic Studies in 1975 and President of the African Society of Political Studies in 1980. He was a
903:. Bowden further suggests that most of the clan elders were eager to arrange peace and rein in the subversive activities of their clan leader Aidid. Still, after this attack on a peaceful meeting, the clan was resolved to fight the Americans and the UN, leading to the
1031:
595:
from 1908 until he was assassinated in 1910. His mother, Safela
Mikhail Sharubim, was daughter of Mikhail Sharubim (1861–1920), a prominent public servant and historian. The young boy was brought up by a Slovenian nanny, one of the so-called
5659:
5405:
2480:
5584:
966:
5594:
5604:
5639:
2869:
5629:
4860:
5634:
541:. In 1996, Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term as secretary-general but the United States, long dissatisfied with his leadership, denied his bid by exercising its
3057:
1392:
5549:
705:
from 1977 until early 1991. He then became Deputy
Minister for Foreign Affairs for several months before moving to the UN. As Minister of State, he played a part in the
5599:
806:, he nevertheless repeatedly clashed with the United States, especially with his efforts to enlist the support of the US, to involve UN more deeply in the civil wars
4064:
5544:
5454:
4024:
3854:
5609:
5564:
3006:
1915:
1572:
5624:
2327:
2656:
5589:
5579:
832:, during which over a half million people were killed. Boutros-Ghali also appeared unable to muster support in the UN for intervention in the continuing
2367:
5664:
5674:
5569:
1579:
5359:
3805:
144:
1710:
916:
746:
598:
1030:
4852:
4014:
1130:
5614:
4019:
5354:
3246:
5574:
4057:
1941:
1755:
1294:
5539:
5400:
3847:
2582:
845:
538:
3657:
895:
on a meeting of Habar Gidir clan leaders, who were meeting to discuss a peace initiative put forward by the leader of the UN Mission in
2678:
772:
4843:
2903:
995:
921:
Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for the customary second term in 1996, despite efforts by the United States to unseat him. US ambassador
3316:
1071:
958:, an intergovernmental research organisation of developing countries. Boutros-Ghali played a "significant role" in creating Egypt's
5554:
5524:
5519:
4004:
2835:
2297:
841:
378:
5644:
5364:
4050:
3871:
3770:
752:
464:
75:
3061:
471:
of Egypt between 1977 and 1979. He oversaw the United
Nations over a period coinciding with several world crises, including the
3840:
2342:
1632:
646:
533:. He received criticism over UN inaction in Angola and during the genocide in Rwanda, and the perceived ineffectiveness of the
5669:
3572:
2536:
17:
3607:
Rushton, Simon (2008). "The UN Secretary-General and Norm
Entrepreneurship: Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Democracy Promotion".
2984:
5649:
3814:
3274:
951:
853:
549:
117:
3166:
825:
called on
Boutros-Ghali to resign for failing to take any firm action to help resolve the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
5684:
5619:
5559:
3727:
3696:
1142:
702:
468:
165:
1703:
1519:
1051:
486:
family in Cairo, Boutros-Ghali was an academic by training and taught international law and international relations at
3832:
3583:
3532:
3511:
3438:
3192:
1999:
1982:
1526:
959:
329:
2811:
1126:
The Arthur A. Houghton Jr. Star Crystal Award for Excellence de l'Institut afro- américain, New York (November 1993)
649:
from 1963 to 1964, and Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law of Paris from 1967 to 1968. In 1986, he received an
5529:
4950:
3889:
3663:
1075:
875:
argues that he was responsible for an escalation of the Somalia crisis by undertaking a personal vendetta against
669:
849:
542:
534:
510:
3110:
5415:
5390:
2652:
2018:
1156:
991:
954:, an organisation of French-speaking nations. From 2002 to 2005, he served as the chairman of the board of the
506:. He was acting foreign minister until early 1991, when he served as deputy foreign minister for a few months.
2619:
5679:
4836:
1500:
1228:
499:
5095:
3133:
3963:
3763:
1922:
756:
698:
514:
323:
98:
1287:
5654:
5534:
5146:
1346:
1149:
1047:
955:
553:
556:, an intergovernmental think tank for developing countries. He died in 2016, in Cairo at the age of 93.
5467:
4009:
3524:
Honoris causa : promotioner, hedersdoktorer och hedersmedlemmar vid Uppsala universitet, 1800–2000
2514:
1948:
1788:
1684:
1320:
904:
864:
819:
463:; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as the sixth
3912:
1967:
1339:
3232:
2723:
1651:
1173:
The recipient of the Onassis Award for International Understanding and Social Achievement (July 1995)
1103:
3302:
2704:
759:
of Peru reached the end of his second term, and Africa was next in the rotation. Boutros-Ghali tied
4935:
4829:
4629:
1973:
1841:
1762:
1382:
1087:
30:"Boutros-Ghali" redirects here. For his grandfather, the 20th-century prime minister of Egypt, see
1063:
657:, Sweden. He was also the Honorary Rector of the Graduate Institute of Peace Studies, a branch of
5395:
4821:
2025:
1834:
1625:
1099:
1079:
629:
621:
592:
4689:
4524:
1415:
5385:
5218:
4073:
3720:
3710:
3428:
1736:
1422:
1245:
1221:
1111:
573:
494:, who appointed him acting foreign minister in 1977. In that capacity, he helped negotiate the
483:
467:
from 1992 to 1996. Prior to his appointment as secretary-general, Boutros-Ghali was the acting
453:
335:
211:
3260:
2936:
1895:
1861:
1493:
4955:
4186:
2821:
2052:
1868:
1605:
1474:
1083:
829:
472:
4322:
4306:
3560:
1781:
1313:
5514:
5509:
5192:
4218:
1658:
1204:
1095:
876:
785:
721:
658:
4106:
2122:
Egypt's Road to Jerusalem: A Diplomat's Story of the Struggle for Peace in the Middle East
1888:
609:; he was closer to Milena, "his invaluable friend and confidant", than to his own mother.
8:
5431:
5248:
4674:
4362:
4258:
4250:
4130:
4114:
3032:
2578:
1091:
1067:
798:
642:
625:
359:
4809:
4704:
3987:
3945:
3393:
3367:
2771:"'More than a million': the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide"
1729:
1441:
1057:
5436:
5233:
4098:
3862:
3632:
3481:
2800:
2751:
2587:
2409:
1366:
1238:
922:
706:
690:
654:
650:
495:
4330:
4234:
4170:
3592:
IO BIO, Biographical Dictionary of Secretaries- General of International Organizations
3083:
2583:"A PEOPLE BETRAYED: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide. - Review – book review"
844:. The UN peacekeeping force was ineffective in Bosnia and Herzegovina, leading to the
732:. He was serving as UN secretary-general when the killings occurred four years later.
5238:
4975:
4779:
4764:
4178:
4162:
3867:
3863:
3624:
3568:
3538:
3528:
3507:
3473:
3434:
3141:
2911:
2877:
2843:
2804:
2792:
2755:
2743:
2672:
2627:
2488:
2321:
2139:
2131:
1815:
1211:
1107:
833:
815:
811:
803:
678:
638:
617:
526:
522:
2045:
4644:
4584:
4298:
4290:
4282:
3616:
3465:
2782:
2735:
2401:
1553:
1467:
1163:
987:
971:
822:
807:
760:
729:
613:
603:
569:
518:
487:
476:
397:
354:
296:
3218:
2787:
2770:
2739:
2544:
5481:
5380:
5030:
4554:
4464:
4090:
3561:
3444:
2957:
2481:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, U.N. secretary general who clashed with U.S., dies at 93"
2451:
1808:
1448:
1373:
1167:
1136:
1123:
The World Affairs Council Christian A. Herter memorial award, Boston (March 1993)
1019:
1011:
892:
444:
4314:
5228:
4614:
4419:
4338:
4226:
4210:
4154:
3797:
3741:
728:
regime as part of the fairly public, long-term preparations for the subsequent
710:
503:
196:
140:
59:
4749:
4569:
4449:
4146:
3901:
3620:
1992:
1677:
836:. One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the
5503:
5151:
5000:
4794:
4784:
4719:
4494:
4404:
4370:
3957:
3895:
3628:
3477:
3145:
2915:
2881:
2847:
2796:
2747:
2631:
2604:
2492:
2368:"Vale Boutros Boutros-Ghali: Former UN chief and key thinker on peacekeeping"
2313:
2272:
983:
900:
837:
717:
577:
530:
191:
31:
4042:
3542:
2221:, ed. Institut Universitaire des Hautes études Internationales, Geneva, 1971
1598:
796:
Boutros-Ghali's term in office remains controversial. In 1992, he submitted
5493:
4905:
4509:
4389:
4346:
4274:
4242:
4194:
4138:
3932:
3689:
3038:. Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
2724:"How Many Victims Were There in the Rwandan Genocide? A Statistical Debate"
2258:
2143:
2135:
1546:
1035:
939:
781:
777:
254:
3448:
2146:), ed. Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, Washington, 1998
982:
Boutros-Ghali died aged 93 in a Cairo hospital after being admitted for a
934:
5660:
Secretaries-general of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
5308:
5110:
5090:
5010:
4734:
4599:
4539:
4354:
4266:
4202:
3981:
3824:
3522:
3424:
3261:"Arrêté du 24 septembre 1992 conférant le titre de docteur honoris causa"
3007:"Who's who in Egypt's reshuffled Human Rights Council – Politics – Egypt"
1957:
1641:
1509:
1043:
967:
Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
880:
872:
694:
674:
633:
491:
364:
157:
5476:
3636:
3485:
2298:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali Biography – life, family, history, young, infor…"
5283:
5278:
5172:
5105:
5045:
5035:
5025:
4930:
3975:
3939:
3787:
3669:
2392:
Reid, Donald M. (1982). "Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910–1954".
2086:
New Dimensions of Arms Regulations and Disarmament in the Post Cold War
1693:
1015:
888:
682:
490:
from 1949 to 1979. His political career began during the presidency of
346:
110:
2413:
517:. His tenure was marked by controversy and crises, which included the
5268:
5263:
5208:
5050:
4754:
4574:
4559:
4122:
3469:
3341:
2961:
1277:
896:
724:
in 1990, when he was foreign minister, the weapons stockpiled by the
720:, Boutros-Ghali approved a secret $ 26 million arms sale to the
2195:
Le principe d'égalité des États et des organisations internationales
828:
Boutros-Ghali was criticised for the UN's failure to act during the
5410:
5334:
5303:
5298:
4965:
4960:
4920:
4915:
4900:
2592:
2405:
2110:
The 50th Anniversary: Annual Report on the Work of the Organization
2034:
1850:
1431:
999:
4851:
4035:
Provisional Secretary-General prior to the election of Trygve Lie.
3288:
3134:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Former U.N. Secretary General, Dies at 93"
2304:. 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012
2255:
60 Ans de conflit israélo-arabe : Témoignages pour l'Histoire
5585:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
5318:
5313:
5288:
5243:
5223:
5213:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5100:
5080:
5065:
5055:
5020:
4945:
4910:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4659:
4469:
4409:
3951:
3652:
2082:, ed. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1954
1931:
1904:
1562:
1483:
1457:
1303:
2870:"U.S. Sides Against Second Term for U.N. Chief in Informal Vote"
2685:
755:
in the 1991 selection. The top post in the UN was opening up as
5595:
Officers of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
5293:
5273:
5258:
5253:
5187:
5182:
5156:
5085:
5060:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4925:
4769:
4679:
4664:
4604:
4514:
4454:
4434:
3673:
2008:
1877:
1797:
1745:
1588:
1535:
1355:
1329:
943:
5605:
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
2420:
2158:(with Charles Hill), ed. Yale University Press, New York, 2003
5177:
5075:
5070:
5005:
4985:
4970:
4895:
4799:
4739:
4724:
4709:
4694:
4649:
4634:
4619:
4589:
4544:
4529:
4499:
4484:
4439:
4424:
4394:
3782:
3589:. In Bob Reinalda; Kent J. Kille; and Jaci Eisenberg (eds.).
3167:"Boutros-Ghali to be buried at family's Italian-style church"
1771:
1667:
1614:
1405:
891:. In Bowden's opinion, it was believed that he demanded the
884:
789:
587:
565:
429:
406:
292:
5630:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ivory Coast
3590:
3504:
A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide
2191:, ed. Société égyptienne du droit international, Cairo, 1957
5115:
5040:
5015:
4940:
3758:
2904:"Round One in the U.N. Fight: A U.S. Veto of Boutros-Ghali"
1824:
1719:
725:
435:
5640:
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
3527:(in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Uppsala: Uppsala University.
3111:"Former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali dies"
2183:
Cours de Diplomatie et de Droit Diplomatique et consulaire
1010:
Boutros-Ghali's wife, Leia Maria Nadler, was raised in an
859:
415:
3563:
The United Nations Under Boutros Boutros-Ghali, 1992–1997
2937:"The South Centre | Press release, 22 February 2016"
2432:
848:
in December 1995. His reputation became entangled in the
645:
from 1954 to 1955, Director of the Centre of Research at
581:
426:
5635:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Senegal
2474:
2472:
1398:
Grand Cross of the Order of Central African recognition
548:
After leaving the UN, Boutros-Ghali served as the first
3493:
Jentleson, Bruce W.; Paterson, Thomas G., eds. (1997).
3456:
Goldschmidt, Arthur (1993). "The Butrus Ghali Family".
2394:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
2836:"U.N. Leader Halts Bid for New Term but Does Not Quit"
2162:
The Arab League, 1945–1955: International Conciliation
689:
Boutros-Ghali's political career developed during the
5465:
2469:
850:
larger controversies over the effectiveness of the UN
418:
458:
432:
412:
409:
403:
3567:. Gale Biographical Index Series. Scarecrow Press.
3084:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN head, dies at 93"
2559:
2219:
Les difficultés institutionnelles du panafricanisme
2209:, ed. Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1969
2197:, ed. Académie de droit international, Leiden, 1961
735:
709:between President Sadat and Israeli prime minister
509:Boutros-Ghali was elected secretary-general by the
423:
400:
5550:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
697:. He was a member of the Central Committee of the
552:from 1997 to 2002. He then became chairman of the
5600:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
3492:
2691:
2231:Contribution à une théorie générale des alliances
2201:Contribution à une théorie générale des alliances
2080:The Arab League, 1945–1955: Ten Years of Struggle
1580:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
5501:
3458:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2537:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali: The world is his oyster"
2326:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2164:, ed. Literary Licensing Publisher, London, 2013
1711:Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
917:1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection
747:1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection
576:. His father Yusuf Butros Ghali was the son of
513:in 1991 and began his term in 1992, succeeding
5545:Members of the Institut de Droit International
4853:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
4015:Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
2177:Contribution à l'étude des ententes régionales
5610:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru
5565:The Hague Academy of International Law people
5360:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
4837:
4072:
4058:
4020:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
3848:
3806:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
3749:Positions in intergovernmental organisations
2185:, ed. Librairie Anglo-égyptienne, Cairo, 1951
178:17 September 1978 – 17 February 1979
27:Secretary-General of the UN from 1992 to 1996
2721:
2227:, ed. Techniques et Économiques, Paris, 1972
1055:
234:17 November 1977 – 15 December 1977
130:16 November 1997 – 31 December 2002
5625:Grand Crosses of the National Order of Mali
5401:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
3455:
3368:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana"
2958:"Egypt: NCHR Mourns Death of Boutros Ghali"
2438:
2426:
1131:Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
559:
5590:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
5580:Honorary companions of the Order of Canada
5355:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
4844:
4830:
4065:
4051:
3855:
3841:
2577:
2065:As Secretary-General, Boutros-Ghali wrote
814:(1994). The United States refused to send
88:1 January 1992 – 31 December 1996
58:
5665:Secretaries-general of the United Nations
2901:
2833:
2786:
2237:L'interaction démocratie et développement
1295:Order of the Liberator General San Martín
1117:
502:between Sadat and Israeli prime minister
5675:Egyptian officials of the United Nations
5570:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Egypt)
3132:McFadden, Robert D. (16 February 2016).
3131:
3033:"Message from Dr. Boutros Boutros Ghali"
2340:
1029:
962:and served as its president until 2012.
933:
858:
771:
701:from 1974 to 1977. He served as Egypt's
668:
5365:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
3771:Secretary-General of the United Nations
3606:
3558:
3501:
3108:
2902:Crossette, Barbara (20 November 1996).
2768:
2565:
840:after the disintegration of the former
753:Secretary-General of the United Nations
465:Secretary-General of the United Nations
76:Secretary-General of the United Nations
14:
5502:
3581:
3520:
3430:Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War
3423:
2867:
2834:Crossette, Barbara (5 December 1996).
2817:
2677:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2478:
2225:Les conflits des frontières en Afrique
2156:The Papers of United Nations Secretary
1633:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
716:According to investigative journalist
647:The Hague Academy of International Law
4825:
4046:
3836:
3666:papers at the United Nations Archives
3289:"Doctor of Philosophy, Honoris Causa"
3193:"At Home With: Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2722:Meierhenrich, Jens (2 January 2020).
2659:from the original on 21 February 2020
2617:
990:was held for him with prayers led by
950:From 1997 to 2002, Boutros-Ghali was
910:
767:
703:Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
5615:Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX
3815:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
3495:Encyclopedia of US Foreign Relations
3275:"Docteurs honoris causa depuis 1951"
2982:
2868:Goshko, John M. (19 November 1996).
2479:Goshko, John M. (16 February 2016).
2391:
2118:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1997
2112:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1996
2106:, ed. William Morrow, New York, 1995
2100:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1995
2094:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1995
2088:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1992
1525:Grand Cross with Silver Star of the
952:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
550:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
118:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
5575:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2775:Review of African Political Economy
2385:
2343:"Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2341:Chandler, Adam (16 February 2016).
2213:L'organisation de l'Unité africaine
2069:. He also published other memoirs:
1229:Order of the Arab Republic of Egypt
1182:
1155:Honorary foreign membership of the
1148:Honorary foreign membership of the
1143:Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
1025:
863:Boutros Ghali in his office in the
854:role of the United States in the UN
664:
535:UN peacekeeping operation in Bosnia
448:
24:
5540:Academic staff of Cairo University
3559:Burgess, Stephen Franklin (2001).
3551:
3433:. New York: New American Library.
3109:Botelho, Greg (16 February 2016).
3058:"The Jury | Fondation Chirac"
2620:"How U.N. Nominee Won: 4 Switched"
2512:
2452:"The Alexandrians :: Vertigo"
2152:, ed. I. B. Tauris, New York, 1999
2124:, ed. Random House, New York, 1998
2060:
1253:
1042:He received honorary degrees from
887:, the clan of the former dictator
883:clan, favouring their rivals, the
564:Boutros Boutros-Ghali was born in
25:
5696:
3645:
3342:"Mitterrand décore Boutros-Ghali"
2983:Diab, Khaled (17 February 2016).
2543:. 18 January 2006. Archived from
2104:Fifty Years of the United Nations
2000:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1072:Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
960:National Council for Human Rights
893:12 July 1993 US helicopter attack
740:
5487:
5475:
5450:
5449:
4951:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4798:
4783:
4768:
4753:
4738:
4723:
4708:
4693:
4678:
4663:
4648:
4633:
4618:
4603:
4588:
4573:
4558:
4543:
4528:
4513:
4498:
4483:
4468:
4453:
4438:
4423:
4408:
4393:
4005:Leaders of the League of Nations
3911:
3781:
3757:
3651:
3584:"Boutros-Ghali, Boutros Youssef"
2618:Lewis, Paul (23 November 1991).
2044:
2033:
2017:
2007:
1991:
1981:
1966:
1956:
1940:
1930:
1914:
1903:
1887:
1876:
1860:
1849:
1833:
1823:
1807:
1796:
1780:
1770:
1754:
1744:
1728:
1718:
1702:
1692:
1676:
1666:
1650:
1640:
1624:
1613:
1597:
1587:
1571:
1561:
1545:
1534:
1518:
1508:
1492:
1482:
1466:
1456:
1440:
1430:
1414:
1404:
1391:
1381:
1365:
1354:
1338:
1328:
1312:
1302:
1286:
1276:
1237:
1220:
1203:
1076:Charles III University of Madrid
1005:
736:United Nations Secretary-General
574:Coptic Orthodox Christian family
396:
377:
5555:Deputy prime ministers of Egypt
5525:21st-century Egyptian diplomats
5520:20th-century Egyptian diplomats
3416:
3386:
3360:
3334:
3309:
3295:
3281:
3267:
3253:
3239:
3225:
3211:
3185:
3159:
3125:
3102:
3076:
3050:
3025:
2999:
2976:
2950:
2929:
2895:
2861:
2827:
2762:
2715:
2697:
2645:
2611:
2571:
2529:
2302:Encyclopedia of World Biography
2215:, ed. Armand Colin, Paris, 1969
511:United Nations General Assembly
5645:People of the Rwandan genocide
5391:International Francophonie Day
2506:
2444:
2360:
2334:
2290:
2251:, ed. L'Harmattan, Paris, 2003
2243:Démocratiser la mondialisation
1157:Academy of Sciences of Belarus
992:Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria
986:or leg on 16 February 2016. A
616:in 1946. He received a PhD in
13:
1:
2788:10.1080/03056244.2020.1796320
2769:Reydams, Luc (3 April 2021).
2740:10.1080/14623528.2019.1709611
2692:Jentleson & Paterson 1997
2278:
2261:), ed. Complexes, Paris, 2006
2116:An Agenda for Democratization
2072:
1501:National Order of San Lorenzo
1052:Catholic University of Leuven
929:
612:Boutros-Ghali graduated from
591:(also his namesake), who was
572:, on 14 November 1922 into a
5670:Accidental deaths from falls
4025:UN Secretary General memoirs
3804:as Secretary-General of the
3348:(in French). 27 October 1994
2728:Journal of Genocide Research
2517:. Uppsala University, Sweden
2283:
2189:Le problème du canal de Suez
2169:
1923:Order of the Star of Romania
1527:Order of José Matías Delgado
1034:Boutros-Ghali in a stamp of
965:Boutros-Ghali supported the
7:
5650:Columbia University faculty
5147:French Community of Belgium
3728:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3697:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2266:
2207:Le Mouvement afro-asiatique
1347:Order of the Southern Cross
1150:Russian Academy of Sciences
1141:Honorary membership of the
1135:Honorary membership of the
1114:, and Uppsala University.
1048:Russian Academy of Sciences
818:units under UN leadership.
653:from the Faculty of Law at
469:Minister of Foreign Affairs
459:
166:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
5701:
5685:Accidental deaths in Egypt
5620:Order of Leopold (Belgium)
5560:Foreign ministers of Egypt
4381:Prix Méditerranée Étranger
4010:United Nations Secretariat
2705:"PM: UN chief should quit"
2150:Unvanquished: A US-UN Saga
2098:Confronting New Challenges
1949:National Order of the Lion
1789:Order of the Star of Nepal
1685:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1177:
914:
865:United Nations Secretariat
764:clear victory in round 5.
744:
639:Fulbright Research Scholar
29:
5445:
5424:
5373:
5347:
5327:
5201:
5165:
5140:National/regional members
5139:
4868:
4859:
4380:
4081:
4033:
3997:
3920:
3909:
3878:
3821:
3812:
3794:
3777:
3768:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3725:
3717:
3707:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3621:10.1163/19426720-01401007
3394:"CUELLAR Javier Perez de"
3233:"Doctorats honoris causa"
2985:"Make diplomacy, not war"
2249:Émanciper la Francophonie
2245:, ed. Rocher, Paris, 2002
2239:, ed. Unesco, Paris, 2002
2233:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1991
2203:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1963
2179:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1949
2092:An Agenda for Development
2050:
2023:
1997:
1972:
1946:
1920:
1893:
1866:
1839:
1813:
1786:
1760:
1734:
1708:
1682:
1656:
1630:
1603:
1577:
1551:
1524:
1498:
1472:
1446:
1420:
1397:
1371:
1344:
1318:
1292:
1243:
1226:
1209:
1104:Seoul National University
1056:
673:Boutros-Ghali (left) and
659:Kyunghee University Seoul
500:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
385:
373:
345:
316:
302:
279:
274:
270:
260:
248:
238:
227:
217:
205:
182:
171:
163:
151:
134:
123:
116:
104:
92:
81:
73:
69:
57:
48:
41:
4936:Central African Republic
1974:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
1842:Order of the Sun of Peru
1763:Order of the Aztec Eagle
1088:Yerevan State University
977:
820:Malaysian Prime Minister
560:Early life and education
49:
5530:Cairo University alumni
5396:Jeux de la Francophonie
3964:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
3764:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
3521:Nevéus, Torgny (2000).
3502:Melvern, Linda (2000).
3247:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
3219:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2026:Order of the Polar Star
1787:Grand Commander of the
1100:University of Melbourne
1080:University of Bucharest
757:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
630:international relations
622:Faculty of Law of Paris
593:Prime Minister of Egypt
515:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
99:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
5386:UN French Language Day
5219:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3721:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
3711:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
3656:Quotations related to
3582:Pidoux, Flora (2019).
3303:"Doctor Honoris Causa"
1737:National Order of Mali
1423:Order of Merit (Chile)
1118:Awards and recognition
1112:University of Bordeaux
1039:
947:
868:
793:
751:Boutros-Ghali ran for
686:
266:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
212:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
5096:São Tomé and Príncipe
4956:Republic of the Congo
4480:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
4187:Jean-Christophe Rufin
3970:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3664:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3658:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3398:ordens.presidencia.pt
2515:"Honorary doctorates"
2053:Order of Pope Pius IX
1869:Order of Prince Henry
1606:Order of the Redeemer
1475:Order of the Elephant
1152:, Moscow (April 1994)
1145:, Moscow (April 1994)
1084:Baku State University
1064:Université de Moncton
1033:
937:
907:on 3–4 October 1993.
899:, retired US Admiral
862:
830:1994 Rwandan genocide
775:
672:
473:breakup of Yugoslavia
392:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
64:Boutros-Ghali in 1993
43:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
18:Boutros Boutros Ghali
5680:Boutros Ghali family
5193:United Arab Emirates
4690:Antonio Muñoz Molina
4525:Arturo Pérez-Reverte
4219:Edmonde Charles-Roux
2579:Confessore, Nicholas
2429:, pp. 183, 188.
2128:Essays on Leadership
1683:Grand Cordon of the
1659:Order of Ivory Merit
1319:Grand Cordon of the
1227:Grand Cordon of the
1210:Grand Collar of the
1159:, Minsk (April 1994)
1096:University of Vienna
877:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
846:intervention by NATO
786:World Economic Forum
722:government of Rwanda
699:Arab Socialist Union
5432:Francophone economy
4675:Dimitris Stefanakis
4259:Michel del Castillo
4251:Jean-Pierre Vernant
4131:Philippe Le Guillou
4115:Dominique Fernandez
3864:Secretaries-General
2874:The Washington Post
2485:The Washington Post
2067:An Agenda for Peace
2024:Grand Cross of the
1998:Grand Cross of the
1947:Grand Cross of the
1921:Grand Cross of the
1896:Order of La Pléiade
1894:Grand Cross of the
1867:Grand Cross of the
1840:Grand Cross of the
1814:Grand Cross of the
1761:Grand Cross of the
1735:Grand Cross of the
1709:Grand Cross of the
1657:Grand Cross of the
1631:Knight Grand Cross
1604:Grand Cross of the
1578:Grand Cross of the
1552:Grand Cross of the
1499:Grand Cross of the
1447:Grand Cross of the
1421:Grand Cross of the
1345:Grand Cross of the
1293:Grand Cross of the
1244:Grand Cross of the
1092:University of Haifa
1068:Carleton University
938:Boutros-Ghali with
905:Battle of Mogadishu
799:An Agenda for Peace
643:Columbia University
626:University of Paris
543:UN Security Council
460:Buṭrus Buṭrus Ghālī
360:University of Paris
5655:Sciences Po alumni
5535:Coptic politicians
5437:Senghor University
5234:Dominican Republic
4323:Gérard de Cortanze
4307:Jean-Noël Pancrazi
4099:Chochana Boukhobza
3682:Political offices
3197:The New York Times
3173:. 17 February 2016
3138:The New York Times
3090:. 16 February 2016
3064:on 22 October 2013
3013:. 4 September 2012
2964:. 21 February 2016
2908:The New York Times
2840:The New York Times
2624:The New York Times
2588:Washington Monthly
1040:
1022:as a young woman.
994:. He is buried at
970:every year by the
948:
923:Madeleine Albright
911:Second term vetoed
871:The US journalist
869:
794:
788:Annual Meeting in
768:Tenure (1992–1996)
687:
655:Uppsala University
651:honorary doctorate
496:Camp David Accords
5463:
5462:
5343:
5342:
5328:Suspended members
5166:Associate members
4976:Equatorial Guinea
4819:
4818:
4780:Daniel Mendelsohn
4765:Ersi Sotiropoulou
4179:Hector Bianciotti
4163:Tahar Ben Jelloun
4107:François Fontaine
4082:Prix Méditerranée
4074:Prix Méditerranée
4040:
4039:
3880:League of Nations
3868:League of Nations
3831:
3830:
3822:Succeeded by
3810:
3778:Succeeded by
3739:Succeeded by
3708:Succeeded by
3609:Global Governance
3574:978-0-8108-3703-4
3317:"Order of Canada"
3171:Egypt Independent
2709:New Straits Times
2581:(December 2000).
2372:lowyinstitute.org
2140:Mikhail Gorbachev
2132:George H. W. Bush
2058:
2057:
1816:Order of St. Olav
1372:Companion of the
1251:
1250:
1212:Order of the Nile
1108:Waseda University
1018:and converted to
834:Angolan Civil War
816:peace enforcement
804:George H. W. Bush
679:Council of Europe
628:) and diploma in
618:international law
539:NATO intervention
527:Angolan Civil War
525:, the continuing
523:Rwandan Civil War
457:
389:
388:
16:(Redirected from
5692:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5453:
5452:
4866:
4865:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4810:Giosuè Calaciura
4804:
4803:
4802:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4705:José Carlos Llop
4699:
4698:
4697:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4645:Almudena Grandes
4639:
4638:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4585:Antonio Tabucchi
4579:
4578:
4577:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4299:Pierre Assouline
4293:
4291:Dominique Baudis
4285:
4283:Alexandre Najjar
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4044:
4043:
3988:António Guterres
3946:Dag Hammarskjöld
3936:(United Kingdom)
3915:
3892:(United Kingdom)
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3801:
3795:Preceded by
3786:
3785:
3762:
3761:
3754:Preceded by
3733:
3718:Preceded by
3702:
3687:Preceded by
3679:
3678:
3655:
3640:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3588:
3578:
3566:
3546:
3517:
3498:
3489:
3470:10.2307/40000236
3452:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3060:. Archived from
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2831:
2825:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2790:
2781:(168): 235–256.
2766:
2760:
2759:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2711:. 23 April 1994.
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2448:
2442:
2439:Goldschmidt 1993
2436:
2430:
2427:Goldschmidt 1993
2424:
2418:
2417:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2021:
2012:
2011:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1554:Legion of Honour
1549:
1539:
1538:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1321:Order of Leopold
1316:
1307:
1306:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1258:
1257:
1241:
1224:
1207:
1187:
1186:
1183:National honours
1164:Berkeley College
1061:
1060:
1058:Université Laval
1026:Honorary degrees
988:military funeral
972:Fondation Chirac
823:Mahathir Mohamad
761:Bernard Chidzero
707:peace agreements
665:Political career
614:Cairo University
607:
519:Somali Civil War
488:Cairo University
484:Coptic Christian
477:Rwandan genocide
462:
452:
450:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
381:
355:Cairo University
309:
306:16 February 2016
297:Kingdom of Egypt
290:14 November 1922
289:
287:
275:Personal details
263:
251:
241:
232:
220:
208:
185:
176:
154:
137:
128:
107:
95:
86:
62:
52:
39:
38:
21:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5474:
5466:
5464:
5459:
5441:
5420:
5381:French language
5369:
5339:
5323:
5197:
5161:
5135:
5031:North Macedonia
4855:
4850:
4820:
4815:
4807:
4797:
4792:
4782:
4777:
4767:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4737:
4732:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4647:
4642:
4632:
4630:Sandro Veronesi
4627:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4557:
4555:Baltasar Porcel
4552:
4542:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4467:
4465:Besnik Mustafaj
4462:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4407:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4331:Valérie Zenatti
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4235:François Sureau
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4171:André Chouraqui
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4091:Nicolas Saudray
4088:
4077:
4071:
4041:
4036:
4029:
3993:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3883:
3881:
3874:
3861:
3827:
3818:
3800:
3790:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3756:
3744:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3713:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3648:
3643:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3575:
3554:
3552:Further reading
3549:
3535:
3514:
3506:. London: Zed.
3441:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3400:(in Portuguese)
3392:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2832:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2767:
2763:
2720:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2653:"Archived copy"
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2616:
2612:
2598:
2596:
2595:on 12 July 2012
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2547:on 30 June 2012
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2513:Naylor, David.
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2477:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2335:
2319:
2318:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2269:
2264:
2172:
2167:
2075:
2063:
2061:Published works
2032:
2006:
1980:
1955:
1929:
1902:
1875:
1848:
1822:
1795:
1769:
1743:
1717:
1691:
1665:
1639:
1612:
1586:
1560:
1533:
1507:
1481:
1455:
1449:Order of Boyaca
1429:
1403:
1380:
1374:Order of Canada
1353:
1327:
1301:
1275:
1256:
1254:Foreign honours
1185:
1180:
1168:Yale University
1137:Order of Canada
1120:
1028:
1012:Egyptian Jewish
1008:
980:
932:
919:
913:
776:Boutros-Ghali,
770:
749:
743:
738:
667:
601:
562:
422:
399:
395:
369:
341:
317:Political party
311:
307:
291:
285:
283:
261:
249:
239:
233:
228:
218:
206:
201:
183:
177:
172:
152:
135:
129:
124:
105:
93:
87:
82:
65:
53:
50:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5497:
5496:
5484:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5229:Czech Republic
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4805:
4790:
4775:
4760:
4745:
4730:
4715:
4700:
4685:
4670:
4655:
4640:
4625:
4615:Claudio Magris
4610:
4595:
4580:
4565:
4550:
4535:
4520:
4505:
4490:
4475:
4460:
4445:
4430:
4420:Juan Goytisolo
4415:
4400:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4363:Jérôme Ferrari
4358:
4350:
4342:
4339:Teresa Cremisi
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4227:Jean-Paul Mari
4222:
4214:
4211:Albert Cossery
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4155:Jean Thuillier
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3928:
3926:
3922:United Nations
3921:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:United Nations
3860:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3811:
3798:Jean-Louis Roy
3796:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3776:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3742:Mustafa Khalil
3740:
3737:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3647:
3646:External links
3644:
3642:
3641:
3604:
3579:
3573:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3499:
3497:. Vol. 1.
3490:
3453:
3439:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3385:
3359:
3333:
3308:
3294:
3280:
3266:
3252:
3238:
3224:
3210:
3199:. 20 July 1997
3184:
3158:
3124:
3101:
3075:
3049:
3024:
2998:
2975:
2949:
2928:
2894:
2860:
2826:
2810:
2761:
2714:
2696:
2694:, p. 167.
2684:
2644:
2610:
2570:
2558:
2528:
2505:
2468:
2443:
2441:, p. 183.
2431:
2419:
2406:10.2307/217848
2400:(4): 625–651.
2384:
2359:
2333:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:Knight of the
2049:
2042:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1473:Knight of the
1471:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:Order of Merit
1242:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1129:Member of the
1127:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1027:
1024:
1007:
1004:
996:Petrine Church
979:
976:
946:in Paris, 2002
931:
928:
915:Main article:
912:
909:
769:
766:
745:Main article:
742:
741:1991 selection
739:
737:
734:
711:Menachem Begin
666:
663:
561:
558:
504:Menachem Begin
449:بطرس بطرس غالي
387:
386:
383:
382:
375:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
357:
351:
349:
343:
342:
340:
339:
333:
327:
320:
318:
314:
313:
310:(aged 93)
304:
300:
299:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
242:
240:Prime Minister
236:
235:
225:
224:
223:Mustafa Khalil
221:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
200:
199:
197:Mustafa Khalil
194:
188:
186:
184:Prime Minister
180:
179:
169:
168:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
141:Jean-Louis Roy
138:
132:
131:
121:
120:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
79:
78:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
51:بطرس بطرس غالي
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5697:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5495:
5485:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5456:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:New Brunswick
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Guinea-Bissau
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4795:Marco Balzano
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4720:Javier Cercas
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
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4495:Pietro Citati
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4405:Ismail Kadare
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4371:Mahi Binebine
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3984:(South Korea)
3983:
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3958:Kurt Waldheim
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3896:Joseph Avenol
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3890:Eric Drummond
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3618:
3615:(1): 95–110.
3614:
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3534:91-554-4766-X
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2606:
2605:Find Articles
2594:
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2337:
2329:
2323:
2315:
2314:archive.today
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2274:
2273:List of Copts
2271:
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2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
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1994:
1990:
1988:
1984:
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1965:
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1954:
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1017:
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1006:Personal life
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:broken pelvis
975:
973:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
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941:
936:
927:
924:
918:
908:
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901:Jonathan Howe
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
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861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:Yugoslav Wars
835:
831:
826:
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821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
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791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
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758:
754:
748:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:Linda Melvern
714:
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684:
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656:
652:
648:
644:
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631:
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623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
605:
600:
599:Aleksandrinke
594:
590:
589:
584:
583:
579:
578:Boutros Ghali
575:
571:
567:
557:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Yugoslav Wars
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
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478:
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384:
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372:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
350:
348:
344:
337:
334:
331:
328:
326:(before 1978)
325:
322:
321:
319:
315:
305:
301:
298:
294:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
259:
256:
253:
247:
244:Mamdouh Salem
243:
237:
231:
226:
222:
216:
213:
210:
204:
198:
195:
193:
192:Mamdouh Salem
190:
189:
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175:
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167:
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159:
156:
150:
146:
142:
139:
133:
127:
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119:
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109:
103:
100:
97:
91:
85:
80:
77:
72:
68:
61:
56:
47:
40:
37:
33:
32:Boutros Ghali
19:
5348:Organization
4906:Burkina Faso
4510:Yoram Kaniuk
4479:
4390:Luis Landero
4347:Metin Arditi
4315:Nedim Gürsel
4275:Louis Gardel
4243:Amin Maalouf
4195:Alain Nadaud
4139:Tahar Djaout
3969:
3933:Gladwyn Jebb
3931:
3924:(since 1945)
3813:
3803:
3802:
3769:
3726:
3695:
3690:Ismail Fahmi
3660:at Wikiquote
3612:
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3591:
3562:
3523:
3503:
3494:
3461:
3457:
3429:
3425:Bowden, Mark
3417:Bibliography
3402:. Retrieved
3397:
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3374:(in Italian)
3372:quirinale.it
3371:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3345:
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3320:
3311:
3297:
3283:
3269:
3255:
3241:
3227:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3062:the original
3052:
3040:. Retrieved
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3011:Ahram Online
3010:
3001:
2989:. Retrieved
2987:. Al Jazeera
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2907:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2873:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2839:
2829:
2813:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2734:(1): 72–82.
2731:
2727:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2687:
2661:. Retrieved
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2623:
2613:
2603:– via
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2586:
2573:
2566:Melvern 2000
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2545:the original
2541:Weekly Ahram
2540:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2484:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2347:The Atlantic
2346:
2336:
2312:– via
2306:. Retrieved
2301:
2292:
2259:Shimon Peres
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2144:Desmond Tutu
2136:Jimmy Carter
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2066:
2064:
1170:(March 1995)
1041:
1036:Turkmenistan
1009:
981:
964:
956:South Centre
949:
940:Naela Chohan
920:
870:
827:
797:
795:
782:Flavio Cotti
778:Klaus Schwab
750:
715:
688:
611:
597:
586:
580:
563:
554:South Centre
547:
508:
481:
391:
390:
312:Cairo, Egypt
308:(2016-02-16)
262:Succeeded by
255:Ismail Fahmi
229:
219:Succeeded by
173:
153:Succeeded by
125:
106:Succeeded by
83:
36:
5515:2016 deaths
5510:1922 births
5416:LGBT rights
5309:South Korea
5111:Switzerland
5091:Saint Lucia
5011:Ivory Coast
4750:Lluís Llach
4735:Milena Agus
4600:Orhan Pamuk
4570:Jaume Cabré
4540:Umberto Eco
4450:Yaşar Kemal
4355:Kamel Daoud
4267:Emile Brami
4203:Jean Daniel
4147:Robert Solé
3982:Ban Ki-moon
3902:Seán Lester
3882:(1919–1945)
3825:Abdou Diouf
3670:Appearances
3464:: 183–188.
2820:, pp.
2818:Bowden 1999
2498:16 February
1044:Sciences Po
1020:Catholicism
881:Habar Gidir
873:Mark Bowden
810:(1992) and
695:Anwar Sadat
675:Moshe Dayan
634:Sciences Po
602: [
492:Anwar Sadat
365:Sciences Po
338:(from 2011)
336:Independent
332:(1978–2011)
250:Preceded by
207:Preceded by
158:Abdou Diouf
136:Preceded by
94:Preceded by
5504:Categories
5284:Mozambique
5279:Montenegro
5106:Seychelles
5046:Mauritania
5036:Madagascar
5026:Luxembourg
4931:Cape Verde
3990:(Portugal)
3976:Kofi Annan
3940:Trygve Lie
3819:1997–2002
3788:Kofi Annan
3775:1992–1996
3736:1978–1979
3346:L'Humanité
2456:vertigo.si
2279:References
2073:In English
1162:Fellow of
1016:Alexandria
1014:family in
930:Later life
889:Siad Barre
842:Yugoslavia
808:in Somalia
691:presidency
683:Strasbourg
482:Born to a
347:Alma mater
286:1922-11-14
111:Kofi Annan
5269:Louisiana
5264:Lithuania
5209:Argentina
5202:Observers
5051:Mauritius
4123:Jules Roy
3960:(Austria)
3904:(Ireland)
3629:1075-2846
3478:0065-9991
3378:12 August
3352:12 August
3326:12 August
3146:0362-4331
2962:AllAfrica
2916:0362-4331
2882:0190-8286
2848:0362-4331
2805:225356374
2797:0305-6244
2756:213046710
2748:1462-3528
2632:0362-4331
2493:0190-8286
2284:Citations
2170:In French
1002:, Cairo.
897:Mogadishu
812:in Rwanda
620:from the
537:led to a
454:romanized
374:Signature
230:In office
174:In office
126:In office
84:In office
5482:Politics
5455:Category
5411:TV5Monde
5335:Thailand
5304:Slovenia
5299:Slovakia
4966:Dominica
4961:Djibouti
4921:Cameroon
4916:Cambodia
4901:Bulgaria
3948:(Sweden)
3942:(Norway)
3898:(France)
3870:and the
3637:27800693
3543:46607648
3486:40000236
3427:(1999).
3203:21 March
3177:21 March
3151:21 March
3117:21 March
3094:21 March
3088:BBC News
3068:21 March
3042:21 March
3017:21 March
2991:21 March
2968:21 March
2942:21 March
2921:20 March
2887:20 March
2853:20 March
2673:cite web
2663:20 March
2657:Archived
2637:20 March
2599:20 March
2521:20 March
2322:cite web
2308:19 March
2267:See also
1261:Country
1000:Abbassia
879:and his
852:and the
730:genocide
529:and the
498:and the
475:and the
5468:Portals
5425:Related
5374:Culture
5319:Uruguay
5314:Ukraine
5289:Ontario
5249:Ireland
5244:Hungary
5239:Georgia
5224:Croatia
5214:Austria
5131:Vietnam
5126:Vanuatu
5121:Tunisia
5101:Senegal
5081:Romania
5066:Morocco
5056:Moldova
5021:Lebanon
4946:Comoros
4911:Burundi
4891:Belgium
4886:Armenia
4881:Andorra
4876:Albania
4869:Members
4861:Members
4660:Amos Oz
4076:winners
3998:Related
3978:(Ghana)
3972:(Egypt)
3954:(Burma)
3952:U Thant
3866:of the
3449:384149M
1270:Honour
1267:Ribbon
1196:Honour
1193:Ribbon
1178:Honours
867:(1994).
784:at the
677:at the
456::
164:Acting
5294:Poland
5274:Mexico
5259:Latvia
5254:Kosovo
5188:Serbia
5183:Cyprus
5173:Gambia
5157:Quebec
5086:Rwanda
5061:Monaco
4996:Guinea
4991:Greece
4981:France
4926:Canada
4808:2022:
4793:2019:
4778:2018:
4763:2017:
4748:2016:
4733:2015:
4718:2014:
4703:2013:
4688:2012:
4673:2011:
4658:2010:
4643:2009:
4628:2008:
4613:2007:
4598:2006:
4583:2005:
4568:2004:
4553:2003:
4538:2002:
4523:2001:
4508:2000:
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