762:
1509:
1693:
1382:
2008:
659:
1905:
1562:
1277:
1957:
1329:
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1972:
2024:
1931:
1615:
1405:
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1824:
1211:
1372:
1878:
1851:
1483:
1303:
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368:
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49:
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1947:
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1840:
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1921:
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1447:
915:
the 15 votes in the
Security Council, but the sole opposing vote was a US veto. After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, France offered a compromise in which Boutros-Ghali would be appointed to a short term of two years, but the United States rejected the French offer. Finally, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the second Secretary-General ever to be denied re-election by a veto, with Kurt Waldheim being the first.
4654:
4594:
4504:
4444:
1867:
4759:
4669:
1787:
1735:
1578:
1525:
3642:
4474:
4429:
3772:
1761:
1552:
1395:
5478:
1998:
3748:
1814:
1709:
1319:
4789:
4729:
4624:
4609:
4579:
4534:
4489:
1604:
4714:
4699:
4684:
4639:
4519:
4414:
4384:
1657:
1982:
849:
791:, a suggestion for how the UN could respond to violent conflict. He set three goals: for the UN to be more active in promoting democracy, for the UN to conduct preventative diplomacy to avert crises, and to expand the UN's role as peacekeeper. Although the goals were consistent with those of US president
914:
asked
Boutros-Ghali to resign and offered to establish a foundation for him to run, an offer that other Western diplomats called "ludicrous". American diplomatic pressure also had no effect, as other members of the Security Council remained unwavering in their support for Boutros-Ghali. He won 14 of
958:
and was one of the initial signatories of the
Campaign's appeal in 2007. In a message to the Campaign, he stressed the necessity to establish democratic participation of citizens at the global level. From 2009 to 2015, he also participated as a jury member for the Conflict Prevention Prize, awarded
752:
of
Zimbabwe in the first two rounds of polling, edged ahead by one vote in round 3, and fell behind by one vote in round 4. After several countries withdrew their support for Chidzero, fed by fears that the United States was trying to eliminate both of the leading candidates, Boutros-Ghali won a
625:
in 1949. During 1949–1979, he was appointed
Professor of International Law and International Relations at Cairo University. He became President of the Centre of Political and Strategic Studies in 1975 and President of the African Society of Political Studies in 1980. He was a
892:. Bowden further suggests that most of the clan elders were eager to arrange peace and rein in the subversive activities of their clan leader Aidid. Still, after this attack on a peaceful meeting, the clan was resolved to fight the Americans and the UN, leading to the
1020:
584:
from 1908 until he was assassinated in 1910. His mother, Safela
Mikhail Sharubim, was daughter of Mikhail Sharubim (1861–1920), a prominent public servant and historian. The young boy was brought up by a Slovenian nanny, one of the so-called
5648:
5394:
2469:
5573:
955:
5583:
5593:
5628:
2858:
5618:
4849:
5623:
530:. In 1996, Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term as secretary-general but the United States, long dissatisfied with his leadership, denied his bid by exercising its
3046:
1381:
5538:
694:
from 1977 until early 1991. He then became Deputy
Minister for Foreign Affairs for several months before moving to the UN. As Minister of State, he played a part in the
5588:
795:, he nevertheless repeatedly clashed with the United States, especially with his efforts to enlist the support of the US, to involve UN more deeply in the civil wars
4053:
5533:
5443:
4013:
3843:
5598:
5553:
2995:
1904:
1561:
5613:
2316:
2645:
5578:
5568:
821:, during which over a half million people were killed. Boutros-Ghali also appeared unable to muster support in the UN for intervention in the continuing
2356:
5653:
5663:
5558:
1568:
5348:
3794:
133:
1699:
905:
735:
587:
1019:
4841:
4003:
1119:
5603:
4008:
5343:
3235:
5563:
4046:
1930:
1744:
1283:
5528:
5389:
3836:
2571:
834:
527:
3646:
884:
on a meeting of Habar Gidir clan leaders, who were meeting to discuss a peace initiative put forward by the leader of the UN Mission in
2667:
761:
4832:
2892:
984:
910:
Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for the customary second term in 1996, despite efforts by the United States to unseat him. US ambassador
3305:
1060:
947:, an intergovernmental research organisation of developing countries. Boutros-Ghali played a "significant role" in creating Egypt's
5543:
5513:
5508:
3993:
2824:
2286:
830:
367:
5633:
5353:
4039:
3860:
3759:
741:
453:
64:
3050:
460:
of Egypt between 1977 and 1979. He oversaw the United
Nations over a period coinciding with several world crises, including the
3829:
2331:
1621:
635:
522:. He received criticism over UN inaction in Angola and during the genocide in Rwanda, and the perceived ineffectiveness of the
5658:
3561:
2525:
3596:
Rushton, Simon (2008). "The UN Secretary-General and Norm
Entrepreneurship: Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Democracy Promotion".
2973:
5638:
3803:
3263:
940:
842:
538:
106:
3155:
814:
called on
Boutros-Ghali to resign for failing to take any firm action to help resolve the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
5678:
5608:
5548:
3716:
3685:
1131:
691:
457:
154:
1692:
1508:
1040:
475:
family in Cairo, Boutros-Ghali was an academic by training and taught international law and international relations at
3821:
3572:
3521:
3500:
3427:
3181:
1988:
1971:
1515:
948:
318:
2800:
1115:
The Arthur A. Houghton Jr. Star Crystal Award for Excellence de l'Institut afro- américain, New York (November 1993)
638:
from 1963 to 1964, and Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law of Paris from 1967 to 1968. In 1986, he received an
5518:
4939:
3878:
3652:
1064:
864:
argues that he was responsible for an escalation of the Somalia crisis by undertaking a personal vendetta against
658:
838:
531:
523:
499:
3099:
5404:
5379:
2641:
2007:
1145:
980:
943:, an organisation of French-speaking nations. From 2002 to 2005, he served as the chairman of the board of the
495:. He was acting foreign minister until early 1991, when he served as deputy foreign minister for a few months.
2608:
5668:
4825:
1489:
1217:
488:
5084:
3122:
3952:
3752:
1911:
745:
687:
503:
312:
87:
1276:
5643:
5523:
5135:
1335:
1138:
1036:
944:
542:
545:, an intergovernmental think tank for developing countries. He died in 2016, in Cairo at the age of 93.
5456:
3998:
3513:
Honoris causa : promotioner, hedersdoktorer och hedersmedlemmar vid Uppsala universitet, 1800–2000
2503:
1937:
1777:
1673:
1309:
893:
853:
808:
452:; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as the sixth
3901:
1956:
1328:
5673:
3221:
2712:
1640:
1162:
The recipient of the Onassis Award for International Understanding and Social Achievement (July 1995)
1092:
3291:
2693:
748:
of Peru reached the end of his second term, and Africa was next in the rotation. Boutros-Ghali tied
4924:
4818:
4618:
1962:
1830:
1751:
1371:
1076:
19:"Boutros-Ghali" redirects here. For his grandfather, the 20th-century prime minister of Egypt, see
1052:
646:, Sweden. He was also the Honorary Rector of the Graduate Institute of Peace Studies, a branch of
5384:
4810:
2014:
1823:
1614:
1088:
1068:
618:
610:
581:
4678:
4513:
1404:
5374:
5207:
4062:
3709:
3699:
3417:
1725:
1411:
1234:
1210:
1100:
562:
483:, who appointed him acting foreign minister in 1977. In that capacity, he helped negotiate the
472:
456:
from 1992 to 1996. Prior to his appointment as secretary-general, Boutros-Ghali was the acting
442:
324:
200:
3249:
2925:
1884:
1850:
1482:
4944:
4175:
2810:
2041:
1857:
1594:
1463:
1072:
818:
461:
4311:
4295:
3549:
1770:
1302:
5503:
5498:
5181:
4207:
1647:
1193:
1084:
865:
774:
710:
647:
4095:
2111:
Egypt's Road to Jerusalem: A Diplomat's Story of the Struggle for Peace in the Middle East
1877:
598:; he was closer to Milena, "his invaluable friend and confidant", than to his own mother.
8:
5420:
5237:
4663:
4351:
4247:
4239:
4119:
4103:
3021:
2567:
1080:
1056:
787:
631:
614:
348:
4798:
4693:
3976:
3934:
3382:
3356:
2760:"'More than a million': the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide"
1718:
1430:
1046:
5425:
5222:
4087:
3851:
3621:
3470:
2789:
2740:
2576:
2398:
1355:
1227:
911:
695:
679:
643:
639:
484:
4319:
4223:
4159:
3581:
IO BIO, Biographical Dictionary of Secretaries- General of International Organizations
3072:
2572:"A PEOPLE BETRAYED: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide. - Review – book review"
833:. The UN peacekeeping force was ineffective in Bosnia and Herzegovina, leading to the
721:. He was serving as UN secretary-general when the killings occurred four years later.
5227:
4964:
4768:
4753:
4167:
4151:
3856:
3852:
3613:
3557:
3527:
3517:
3496:
3462:
3423:
3130:
2900:
2866:
2832:
2793:
2781:
2744:
2732:
2661:
2616:
2477:
2310:
2128:
2120:
1804:
1200:
1096:
822:
804:
800:
792:
667:
627:
606:
515:
511:
2034:
4633:
4573:
4287:
4279:
4271:
3605:
3454:
2771:
2724:
2390:
1542:
1456:
1152:
976:
960:
811:
796:
749:
718:
602:
592:
558:
507:
476:
465:
386:
343:
285:
3207:
2776:
2759:
2728:
2533:
5470:
5369:
5019:
4543:
4453:
4079:
3550:
3433:
2946:
2470:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, U.N. secretary general who clashed with U.S., dies at 93"
2440:
1797:
1437:
1362:
1156:
1125:
1112:
The World Affairs Council Christian A. Herter memorial award, Boston (March 1993)
1008:
1000:
881:
433:
4303:
5217:
4603:
4408:
4327:
4215:
4199:
4143:
3786:
3730:
717:
regime as part of the fairly public, long-term preparations for the subsequent
699:
492:
185:
129:
48:
4738:
4558:
4438:
4135:
3890:
3609:
1981:
1666:
825:. One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the
5492:
5140:
4989:
4783:
4773:
4708:
4483:
4393:
4359:
3946:
3884:
3617:
3466:
3134:
2904:
2870:
2836:
2785:
2736:
2620:
2593:
2481:
2357:"Vale Boutros Boutros-Ghali: Former UN chief and key thinker on peacekeeping"
2302:
2261:
972:
889:
826:
706:
566:
519:
180:
20:
4031:
3531:
2210:, ed. Institut Universitaire des Hautes études Internationales, Geneva, 1971
1587:
785:
Boutros-Ghali's term in office remains controversial. In 1992, he submitted
5482:
4894:
4498:
4378:
4335:
4263:
4231:
4183:
4127:
3921:
3678:
3027:. Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
2713:"How Many Victims Were There in the Rwandan Genocide? A Statistical Debate"
2247:
2132:
2124:
1535:
1024:
928:
770:
766:
243:
3437:
2135:), ed. Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, Washington, 1998
971:
Boutros-Ghali died aged 93 in a Cairo hospital after being admitted for a
923:
5649:
Secretaries-general of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
5297:
5099:
5079:
4999:
4723:
4588:
4528:
4343:
4255:
4191:
3970:
3813:
3511:
3413:
3250:"Arrêté du 24 septembre 1992 conférant le titre de docteur honoris causa"
2996:"Who's who in Egypt's reshuffled Human Rights Council – Politics – Egypt"
1946:
1630:
1498:
1032:
956:
Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
869:
861:
683:
663:
622:
480:
353:
146:
5465:
3625:
3474:
2287:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali Biography – life, family, history, young, infor…"
5272:
5267:
5161:
5094:
5034:
5024:
5014:
4919:
3964:
3928:
3776:
3658:
2381:
Reid, Donald M. (1982). "Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910–1954".
2075:
New Dimensions of Arms Regulations and Disarmament in the Post Cold War
1682:
1004:
877:
671:
479:
from 1949 to 1979. His political career began during the presidency of
335:
99:
2402:
506:. His tenure was marked by controversy and crises, which included the
5257:
5252:
5197:
5039:
4743:
4563:
4548:
4111:
3458:
3330:
2950:
1266:
885:
713:
in 1990, when he was foreign minister, the weapons stockpiled by the
709:, Boutros-Ghali approved a secret $ 26 million arms sale to the
2184:
Le principe d'égalité des États et des organisations internationales
817:
Boutros-Ghali was criticised for the UN's failure to act during the
5399:
5323:
5292:
5287:
4954:
4949:
4909:
4904:
4889:
2581:
2394:
2099:
The 50th Anniversary: Annual Report on the Work of the Organization
2023:
1839:
1420:
988:
4840:
4024:
Provisional Secretary-General prior to the election of Trygve Lie.
3277:
3123:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Former U.N. Secretary General, Dies at 93"
2293:. 6 September 2012. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012
2244:
60 Ans de conflit israélo-arabe : Témoignages pour l'Histoire
5574:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
5307:
5302:
5277:
5232:
5212:
5202:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5089:
5069:
5054:
5044:
5009:
4934:
4899:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4648:
4458:
4398:
3940:
3641:
2071:, ed. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1954
1920:
1893:
1551:
1472:
1446:
1292:
2859:"U.S. Sides Against Second Term for U.N. Chief in Informal Vote"
2674:
744:
in the 1991 selection. The top post in the UN was opening up as
5584:
Officers of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
5282:
5262:
5247:
5242:
5176:
5171:
5145:
5074:
5049:
4984:
4979:
4969:
4914:
4758:
4668:
4653:
4593:
4503:
4443:
4423:
3662:
1997:
1866:
1786:
1734:
1577:
1524:
1344:
1318:
932:
5594:
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
2409:
2147:(with Charles Hill), ed. Yale University Press, New York, 2003
5166:
5064:
5059:
4994:
4974:
4959:
4884:
4788:
4728:
4713:
4698:
4683:
4638:
4623:
4608:
4578:
4533:
4518:
4488:
4473:
4428:
4413:
4383:
3771:
3578:. In Bob Reinalda; Kent J. Kille; and Jaci Eisenberg (eds.).
3156:"Boutros-Ghali to be buried at family's Italian-style church"
1760:
1656:
1603:
1394:
880:. In Bowden's opinion, it was believed that he demanded the
873:
778:
576:
554:
418:
395:
281:
5619:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ivory Coast
3579:
3493:
A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide
2180:, ed. Société égyptienne du droit international, Cairo, 1957
5104:
5029:
5004:
4929:
3747:
2893:"Round One in the U.N. Fight: A U.S. Veto of Boutros-Ghali"
1813:
1708:
714:
424:
5629:
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
3516:(in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Uppsala: Uppsala University.
3100:"Former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali dies"
2172:
Cours de Diplomatie et de Droit Diplomatique et consulaire
999:
Boutros-Ghali's wife, Leia Maria Nadler, was raised in an
848:
404:
3552:
The United Nations Under Boutros Boutros-Ghali, 1992–1997
2926:"The South Centre | Press release, 22 February 2016"
2421:
837:
in December 1995. His reputation became entangled in the
634:
from 1954 to 1955, Director of the Centre of Research at
570:
415:
5624:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Senegal
2463:
2461:
1387:
Grand Cross of the Order of Central African recognition
537:
After leaving the UN, Boutros-Ghali served as the first
3482:
Jentleson, Bruce W.; Paterson, Thomas G., eds. (1997).
3445:
Goldschmidt, Arthur (1993). "The Butrus Ghali Family".
2383:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
2825:"U.N. Leader Halts Bid for New Term but Does Not Quit"
2151:
The Arab League, 1945–1955: International Conciliation
678:
Boutros-Ghali's political career developed during the
5454:
2458:
839:
larger controversies over the effectiveness of the UN
407:
447:
421:
401:
398:
392:
3556:. Gale Biographical Index Series. Scarecrow Press.
3073:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former UN head, dies at 93"
2548:
2208:
Les difficultés institutionnelles du panafricanisme
2198:, ed. Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1969
2186:, ed. Académie de droit international, Leiden, 1961
724:
698:between President Sadat and Israeli prime minister
498:Boutros-Ghali was elected secretary-general by the
412:
389:
5539:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
686:. He was a member of the Central Committee of the
541:from 1997 to 2002. He then became chairman of the
5589:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
3481:
2680:
2220:Contribution à une théorie générale des alliances
2190:Contribution à une théorie générale des alliances
2069:The Arab League, 1945–1955: Ten Years of Struggle
1569:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
5490:
3447:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2526:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali: The world is his oyster"
2315:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2153:, ed. Literary Licensing Publisher, London, 2013
1700:Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
906:1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection
736:1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection
565:. His father Yusuf Butros Ghali was the son of
502:in 1991 and began his term in 1992, succeeding
5534:Members of the Institut de Droit International
4842:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
4004:Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
2166:Contribution à l'étude des ententes régionales
5599:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru
5554:The Hague Academy of International Law people
5349:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
4826:
4061:
4047:
4009:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
3837:
3795:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
3738:Positions in intergovernmental organisations
2174:, ed. Librairie Anglo-égyptienne, Cairo, 1951
167:17 September 1978 – 17 February 1979
16:Secretary-General of the UN from 1992 to 1996
2710:
2216:, ed. Techniques et Économiques, Paris, 1972
1044:
223:17 November 1977 – 15 December 1977
119:16 November 1997 – 31 December 2002
5614:Grand Crosses of the National Order of Mali
5390:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
3444:
3357:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana"
2947:"Egypt: NCHR Mourns Death of Boutros Ghali"
2427:
2415:
1120:Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
548:
5579:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
5569:Honorary companions of the Order of Canada
5344:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
4833:
4819:
4054:
4040:
3844:
3830:
2566:
2054:As Secretary-General, Boutros-Ghali wrote
803:(1994). The United States refused to send
77:1 January 1992 – 31 December 1996
47:
5654:Secretaries-general of the United Nations
2890:
2822:
2775:
2226:L'interaction démocratie et développement
1284:Order of the Liberator General San Martín
1106:
491:between Sadat and Israeli prime minister
5664:Egyptian officials of the United Nations
5559:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Egypt)
3121:McFadden, Robert D. (16 February 2016).
3120:
3022:"Message from Dr. Boutros Boutros Ghali"
2329:
1018:
951:and served as its president until 2012.
922:
847:
760:
690:from 1974 to 1977. He served as Egypt's
657:
5354:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
3760:Secretary-General of the United Nations
3595:
3547:
3490:
3097:
2891:Crossette, Barbara (20 November 1996).
2757:
2554:
829:after the disintegration of the former
742:Secretary-General of the United Nations
454:Secretary-General of the United Nations
65:Secretary-General of the United Nations
5491:
3570:
3509:
3419:Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War
3412:
2856:
2823:Crossette, Barbara (5 December 1996).
2806:
2666:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2467:
2214:Les conflits des frontières en Afrique
2145:The Papers of United Nations Secretary
1622:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
705:According to investigative journalist
636:The Hague Academy of International Law
4814:
4035:
3825:
3655:papers at the United Nations Archives
3278:"Doctor of Philosophy, Honoris Causa"
3182:"At Home With: Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2711:Meierhenrich, Jens (2 January 2020).
2648:from the original on 21 February 2020
2606:
979:was held for him with prayers led by
939:From 1997 to 2002, Boutros-Ghali was
899:
756:
692:Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
5604:Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX
3804:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
3484:Encyclopedia of US Foreign Relations
3264:"Docteurs honoris causa depuis 1951"
2971:
2857:Goshko, John M. (19 November 1996).
2468:Goshko, John M. (16 February 2016).
2380:
2107:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1997
2101:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1996
2095:, ed. William Morrow, New York, 1995
2089:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1995
2083:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1995
2077:, ed. United Nations, New York, 1992
1514:Grand Cross with Silver Star of the
941:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
539:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
107:Secretary-General of La Francophonie
5564:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2764:Review of African Political Economy
2374:
2332:"Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2330:Chandler, Adam (16 February 2016).
2202:L'organisation de l'Unité africaine
2058:. He also published other memoirs:
1218:Order of the Arab Republic of Egypt
1171:
1144:Honorary foreign membership of the
1137:Honorary foreign membership of the
1132:Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
1014:
852:Boutros Ghali in his office in the
843:role of the United States in the UN
653:
524:UN peacekeeping operation in Bosnia
437:
13:
5529:Academic staff of Cairo University
3548:Burgess, Stephen Franklin (2001).
3540:
3422:. New York: New American Library.
3098:Botelho, Greg (16 February 2016).
3047:"The Jury | Fondation Chirac"
2609:"How U.N. Nominee Won: 4 Switched"
2501:
2441:"The Alexandrians :: Vertigo"
2141:, ed. I. B. Tauris, New York, 1999
2113:, ed. Random House, New York, 1998
2049:
1242:
1031:He received honorary degrees from
876:, the clan of the former dictator
872:clan, favouring their rivals, the
553:Boutros Boutros-Ghali was born in
14:
5690:
3634:
3331:"Mitterrand décore Boutros-Ghali"
2972:Diab, Khaled (17 February 2016).
2532:. 18 January 2006. Archived from
2093:Fifty Years of the United Nations
1989:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1061:Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
949:National Council for Human Rights
882:12 July 1993 US helicopter attack
729:
5476:
5464:
5439:
5438:
4940:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4787:
4772:
4757:
4742:
4727:
4712:
4697:
4682:
4667:
4652:
4637:
4622:
4607:
4592:
4577:
4562:
4547:
4532:
4517:
4502:
4487:
4472:
4457:
4442:
4427:
4412:
4397:
4382:
3994:Leaders of the League of Nations
3900:
3770:
3746:
3640:
3573:"Boutros-Ghali, Boutros Youssef"
2607:Lewis, Paul (23 November 1991).
2033:
2022:
2006:
1996:
1980:
1970:
1955:
1945:
1929:
1919:
1903:
1892:
1876:
1865:
1849:
1838:
1822:
1812:
1796:
1785:
1769:
1759:
1743:
1733:
1717:
1707:
1691:
1681:
1665:
1655:
1639:
1629:
1613:
1602:
1586:
1576:
1560:
1550:
1534:
1523:
1507:
1497:
1481:
1471:
1455:
1445:
1429:
1419:
1403:
1393:
1380:
1370:
1354:
1343:
1327:
1317:
1301:
1291:
1275:
1265:
1226:
1209:
1192:
1065:Charles III University of Madrid
994:
725:United Nations Secretary-General
563:Coptic Orthodox Christian family
385:
366:
5544:Deputy prime ministers of Egypt
5514:21st-century Egyptian diplomats
5509:20th-century Egyptian diplomats
3405:
3375:
3349:
3323:
3298:
3284:
3270:
3256:
3242:
3228:
3214:
3200:
3174:
3148:
3114:
3091:
3065:
3039:
3014:
2988:
2965:
2939:
2918:
2884:
2850:
2816:
2751:
2704:
2686:
2634:
2600:
2560:
2518:
2291:Encyclopedia of World Biography
2204:, ed. Armand Colin, Paris, 1969
500:United Nations General Assembly
5634:People of the Rwandan genocide
5380:International Francophonie Day
2495:
2433:
2349:
2323:
2279:
2240:, ed. L'Harmattan, Paris, 2003
2232:Démocratiser la mondialisation
1146:Academy of Sciences of Belarus
981:Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria
975:or leg on 16 February 2016. A
605:in 1946. He received a PhD in
1:
2777:10.1080/03056244.2020.1796320
2758:Reydams, Luc (3 April 2021).
2729:10.1080/14623528.2019.1709611
2681:Jentleson & Paterson 1997
2267:
2250:), ed. Complexes, Paris, 2006
2105:An Agenda for Democratization
2061:
1490:National Order of San Lorenzo
1041:Catholic University of Leuven
918:
601:Boutros-Ghali graduated from
580:(also his namesake), who was
561:, on 14 November 1922 into a
5659:Accidental deaths from falls
4014:UN Secretary General memoirs
3793:as Secretary-General of the
3337:(in French). 27 October 1994
2717:Journal of Genocide Research
2506:. Uppsala University, Sweden
2272:
2178:Le problème du canal de Suez
2158:
1912:Order of the Star of Romania
1516:Order of José Matías Delgado
1023:Boutros-Ghali in a stamp of
954:Boutros-Ghali supported the
7:
5639:Columbia University faculty
5136:French Community of Belgium
3717:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3686:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2255:
2196:Le Mouvement afro-asiatique
1336:Order of the Southern Cross
1139:Russian Academy of Sciences
1130:Honorary membership of the
1124:Honorary membership of the
1103:, and Uppsala University.
1037:Russian Academy of Sciences
807:units under UN leadership.
642:from the Faculty of Law at
458:Minister of Foreign Affairs
448:
155:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
5695:
5679:Accidental deaths in Egypt
5609:Order of Leopold (Belgium)
5549:Foreign ministers of Egypt
4370:Prix Méditerranée Étranger
3999:United Nations Secretariat
2694:"PM: UN chief should quit"
2139:Unvanquished: A US-UN Saga
2087:Confronting New Challenges
1938:National Order of the Lion
1778:Order of the Star of Nepal
1674:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1166:
903:
854:United Nations Secretariat
753:clear victory in round 5.
733:
628:Fulbright Research Scholar
18:
5434:
5413:
5362:
5336:
5316:
5190:
5154:
5129:National/regional members
5128:
4857:
4848:
4369:
4070:
4022:
3986:
3909:
3898:
3867:
3810:
3801:
3783:
3766:
3757:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3714:
3706:
3696:
3683:
3675:
3670:
3610:10.1163/19426720-01401007
3383:"CUELLAR Javier Perez de"
3222:"Doctorats honoris causa"
2974:"Make diplomacy, not war"
2238:Émanciper la Francophonie
2234:, ed. Rocher, Paris, 2002
2228:, ed. Unesco, Paris, 2002
2222:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1991
2192:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1963
2168:, ed. Pedone, Paris, 1949
2081:An Agenda for Development
2039:
2012:
1986:
1961:
1935:
1909:
1882:
1855:
1828:
1802:
1775:
1749:
1723:
1697:
1671:
1645:
1619:
1592:
1566:
1540:
1513:
1487:
1461:
1435:
1409:
1386:
1360:
1333:
1307:
1281:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1093:Seoul National University
1045:
662:Boutros-Ghali (left) and
648:Kyunghee University Seoul
489:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
374:
362:
334:
305:
291:
268:
263:
259:
249:
237:
227:
216:
206:
194:
171:
160:
152:
140:
123:
112:
105:
93:
81:
70:
62:
58:
46:
37:
30:
4925:Central African Republic
1963:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
1831:Order of the Sun of Peru
1752:Order of the Aztec Eagle
1077:Yerevan State University
966:
809:Malaysian Prime Minister
549:Early life and education
38:
5519:Cairo University alumni
5385:Jeux de la Francophonie
3953:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
3753:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
3510:Nevéus, Torgny (2000).
3491:Melvern, Linda (2000).
3236:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
3208:"Boutros Boutros-Ghali"
2015:Order of the Polar Star
1776:Grand Commander of the
1089:University of Melbourne
1069:University of Bucharest
746:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
619:international relations
611:Faculty of Law of Paris
582:Prime Minister of Egypt
504:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
88:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
5375:UN French Language Day
5208:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3710:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
3700:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
3645:Quotations related to
3571:Pidoux, Flora (2019).
3292:"Doctor Honoris Causa"
1726:National Order of Mali
1412:Order of Merit (Chile)
1107:Awards and recognition
1101:University of Bordeaux
1028:
936:
857:
782:
740:Boutros-Ghali ran for
675:
255:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
201:Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel
5085:São Tomé and Príncipe
4945:Republic of the Congo
4469:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
4176:Jean-Christophe Rufin
3959:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3653:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3647:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
3387:ordens.presidencia.pt
2504:"Honorary doctorates"
2042:Order of Pope Pius IX
1858:Order of Prince Henry
1595:Order of the Redeemer
1464:Order of the Elephant
1141:, Moscow (April 1994)
1134:, Moscow (April 1994)
1073:Baku State University
1053:Université de Moncton
1022:
926:
896:on 3–4 October 1993.
888:, retired US Admiral
851:
819:1994 Rwandan genocide
764:
661:
462:breakup of Yugoslavia
381:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
53:Boutros-Ghali in 1993
32:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
5669:Boutros Ghali family
5182:United Arab Emirates
4679:Antonio Muñoz Molina
4514:Arturo Pérez-Reverte
4208:Edmonde Charles-Roux
2568:Confessore, Nicholas
2418:, pp. 183, 188.
2117:Essays on Leadership
1672:Grand Cordon of the
1648:Order of Ivory Merit
1308:Grand Cordon of the
1216:Grand Cordon of the
1199:Grand Collar of the
1148:, Minsk (April 1994)
1085:University of Vienna
866:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
835:intervention by NATO
775:World Economic Forum
711:government of Rwanda
688:Arab Socialist Union
5421:Francophone economy
4664:Dimitris Stefanakis
4248:Michel del Castillo
4240:Jean-Pierre Vernant
4120:Philippe Le Guillou
4104:Dominique Fernandez
3853:Secretaries-General
2863:The Washington Post
2474:The Washington Post
2056:An Agenda for Peace
2013:Grand Cross of the
1987:Grand Cross of the
1936:Grand Cross of the
1910:Grand Cross of the
1885:Order of La Pléiade
1883:Grand Cross of the
1856:Grand Cross of the
1829:Grand Cross of the
1803:Grand Cross of the
1750:Grand Cross of the
1724:Grand Cross of the
1698:Grand Cross of the
1646:Grand Cross of the
1620:Knight Grand Cross
1593:Grand Cross of the
1567:Grand Cross of the
1541:Grand Cross of the
1488:Grand Cross of the
1436:Grand Cross of the
1410:Grand Cross of the
1334:Grand Cross of the
1282:Grand Cross of the
1233:Grand Cross of the
1081:University of Haifa
1057:Carleton University
927:Boutros-Ghali with
894:Battle of Mogadishu
788:An Agenda for Peace
632:Columbia University
615:University of Paris
532:UN Security Council
449:Buṭrus Buṭrus Ghālī
349:University of Paris
5644:Sciences Po alumni
5524:Coptic politicians
5426:Senghor University
5223:Dominican Republic
4312:Gérard de Cortanze
4296:Jean-Noël Pancrazi
4088:Chochana Boukhobza
3671:Political offices
3186:The New York Times
3162:. 17 February 2016
3127:The New York Times
3079:. 16 February 2016
3053:on 22 October 2013
3002:. 4 September 2012
2953:. 21 February 2016
2897:The New York Times
2829:The New York Times
2613:The New York Times
2577:Washington Monthly
1029:
1011:as a young woman.
983:. He is buried at
959:every year by the
937:
912:Madeleine Albright
900:Second term vetoed
860:The US journalist
858:
783:
777:Annual Meeting in
757:Tenure (1992–1996)
676:
644:Uppsala University
640:honorary doctorate
485:Camp David Accords
5452:
5451:
5332:
5331:
5317:Suspended members
5155:Associate members
4965:Equatorial Guinea
4808:
4807:
4769:Daniel Mendelsohn
4754:Ersi Sotiropoulou
4168:Hector Bianciotti
4152:Tahar Ben Jelloun
4096:François Fontaine
4071:Prix Méditerranée
4063:Prix Méditerranée
4029:
4028:
3869:League of Nations
3857:League of Nations
3820:
3819:
3811:Succeeded by
3799:
3767:Succeeded by
3728:Succeeded by
3697:Succeeded by
3598:Global Governance
3563:978-0-8108-3703-4
3306:"Order of Canada"
3160:Egypt Independent
2698:New Straits Times
2570:(December 2000).
2361:lowyinstitute.org
2129:Mikhail Gorbachev
2121:George H. W. Bush
2047:
2046:
1805:Order of St. Olav
1361:Companion of the
1240:
1239:
1201:Order of the Nile
1097:Waseda University
1007:and converted to
823:Angolan Civil War
805:peace enforcement
793:George H. W. Bush
668:Council of Europe
617:) and diploma in
607:international law
528:NATO intervention
516:Angolan Civil War
514:, the continuing
512:Rwandan Civil War
446:
378:
377:
5686:
5674:Fulbright alumni
5481:
5480:
5479:
5469:
5468:
5460:
5442:
5441:
4855:
4854:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4799:Giosuè Calaciura
4793:
4792:
4791:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4694:José Carlos Llop
4688:
4687:
4686:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4634:Almudena Grandes
4628:
4627:
4626:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4574:Antonio Tabucchi
4568:
4567:
4566:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4288:Pierre Assouline
4282:
4280:Dominique Baudis
4274:
4272:Alexandre Najjar
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4032:
3977:António Guterres
3935:Dag Hammarskjöld
3925:(United Kingdom)
3904:
3881:(United Kingdom)
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3790:
3784:Preceded by
3775:
3774:
3751:
3750:
3743:Preceded by
3722:
3707:Preceded by
3691:
3676:Preceded by
3668:
3667:
3644:
3629:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3567:
3555:
3535:
3506:
3487:
3478:
3459:10.2307/40000236
3441:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3049:. Archived from
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2820:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2770:(168): 235–256.
2755:
2749:
2748:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2700:. 23 April 1994.
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2428:Goldschmidt 1993
2425:
2419:
2416:Goldschmidt 1993
2413:
2407:
2406:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1543:Legion of Honour
1538:
1528:
1527:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1310:Order of Leopold
1305:
1296:
1295:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1247:
1246:
1230:
1213:
1196:
1176:
1175:
1172:National honours
1153:Berkeley College
1050:
1049:
1047:Université Laval
1015:Honorary degrees
977:military funeral
961:Fondation Chirac
812:Mahathir Mohamad
750:Bernard Chidzero
696:peace agreements
654:Political career
603:Cairo University
596:
508:Somali Civil War
477:Cairo University
473:Coptic Christian
466:Rwandan genocide
451:
441:
439:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
410:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
370:
344:Cairo University
298:
295:16 February 2016
286:Kingdom of Egypt
279:14 November 1922
278:
276:
264:Personal details
252:
240:
230:
221:
209:
197:
174:
165:
143:
126:
117:
96:
84:
75:
51:
41:
28:
27:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5463:
5455:
5453:
5448:
5430:
5409:
5370:French language
5358:
5328:
5312:
5186:
5150:
5124:
5020:North Macedonia
4844:
4839:
4809:
4804:
4796:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4756:
4751:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4711:
4706:
4696:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4619:Sandro Veronesi
4616:
4606:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4544:Baltasar Porcel
4541:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4454:Besnik Mustafaj
4451:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4376:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4320:Valérie Zenatti
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4224:François Sureau
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4160:André Chouraqui
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4080:Nicolas Saudray
4077:
4066:
4060:
4030:
4025:
4018:
3982:
3914:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3872:
3870:
3863:
3850:
3816:
3807:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3745:
3733:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3637:
3632:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3564:
3543:
3541:Further reading
3538:
3524:
3503:
3495:. London: Zed.
3430:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3389:(in Portuguese)
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2821:
2817:
2805:
2801:
2756:
2752:
2709:
2705:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2649:
2642:"Archived copy"
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2605:
2601:
2587:
2585:
2584:on 12 July 2012
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2536:on 30 June 2012
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2502:Naylor, David.
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2466:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2324:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2258:
2253:
2161:
2156:
2064:
2052:
2050:Published works
2021:
1995:
1969:
1944:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1837:
1811:
1784:
1758:
1732:
1706:
1680:
1654:
1628:
1601:
1575:
1549:
1522:
1496:
1470:
1444:
1438:Order of Boyaca
1418:
1392:
1369:
1363:Order of Canada
1342:
1316:
1290:
1264:
1245:
1243:Foreign honours
1174:
1169:
1157:Yale University
1126:Order of Canada
1109:
1017:
1001:Egyptian Jewish
997:
969:
921:
908:
902:
765:Boutros-Ghali,
759:
738:
732:
727:
656:
590:
551:
411:
388:
384:
358:
330:
306:Political party
300:
296:
280:
274:
272:
250:
238:
228:
222:
217:
207:
195:
190:
172:
166:
161:
141:
124:
118:
113:
94:
82:
76:
71:
54:
42:
39:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5692:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5486:
5485:
5473:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Czech Republic
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4794:
4779:
4764:
4749:
4734:
4719:
4704:
4689:
4674:
4659:
4644:
4629:
4614:
4604:Claudio Magris
4599:
4584:
4569:
4554:
4539:
4524:
4509:
4494:
4479:
4464:
4449:
4434:
4419:
4409:Juan Goytisolo
4404:
4389:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4355:
4352:Jérôme Ferrari
4347:
4339:
4331:
4328:Teresa Cremisi
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4216:Jean-Paul Mari
4211:
4203:
4200:Albert Cossery
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4144:Jean Thuillier
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3911:United Nations
3910:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:United Nations
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3800:
3787:Jean-Louis Roy
3785:
3781:
3780:
3768:
3765:
3756:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3731:Mustafa Khalil
3729:
3726:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3636:
3635:External links
3633:
3631:
3630:
3593:
3568:
3562:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3522:
3507:
3501:
3488:
3486:. Vol. 1.
3479:
3442:
3428:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3374:
3348:
3322:
3297:
3283:
3269:
3255:
3241:
3227:
3213:
3199:
3188:. 20 July 1997
3173:
3147:
3113:
3090:
3064:
3038:
3013:
2987:
2964:
2938:
2917:
2883:
2849:
2815:
2799:
2750:
2703:
2685:
2683:, p. 167.
2673:
2633:
2599:
2559:
2547:
2517:
2494:
2457:
2432:
2430:, p. 183.
2420:
2408:
2395:10.2307/217848
2389:(4): 625–651.
2373:
2348:
2322:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:Knight of the
2038:
2031:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1462:Knight of the
1460:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:Order of Merit
1231:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1118:Member of the
1116:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1016:
1013:
996:
993:
985:Petrine Church
968:
965:
935:in Paris, 2002
920:
917:
904:Main article:
901:
898:
758:
755:
734:Main article:
731:
730:1991 selection
728:
726:
723:
700:Menachem Begin
655:
652:
550:
547:
493:Menachem Begin
438:بطرس بطرس غالي
376:
375:
372:
371:
364:
360:
359:
357:
356:
351:
346:
340:
338:
332:
331:
329:
328:
322:
316:
309:
307:
303:
302:
299:(aged 93)
293:
289:
288:
270:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
247:
246:
241:
235:
234:
231:
229:Prime Minister
225:
224:
214:
213:
212:Mustafa Khalil
210:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
189:
188:
186:Mustafa Khalil
183:
177:
175:
173:Prime Minister
169:
168:
158:
157:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
130:Jean-Louis Roy
127:
121:
120:
110:
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
68:
67:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:بطرس بطرس غالي
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5691:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5484:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5445:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:New Brunswick
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:Guinea-Bissau
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4831:
4829:
4824:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4784:Marco Balzano
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4709:Javier Cercas
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
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3973:(South Korea)
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3604:(1): 95–110.
3603:
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2594:Find Articles
2583:
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2304:
2303:archive.today
2292:
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2263:
2262:List of Copts
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995:Personal life
992:
990:
986:
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974:
973:broken pelvis
964:
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890:Jonathan Howe
887:
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844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:Yugoslav Wars
824:
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815:
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776:
772:
768:
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722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:Linda Melvern
703:
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637:
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608:
604:
599:
597:
594:
589:
588:Aleksandrinke
583:
579:
578:
573:
572:
568:
567:Boutros Ghali
564:
560:
556:
546:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
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521:
520:Yugoslav Wars
517:
513:
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496:
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355:
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341:
339:
337:
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326:
323:
320:
317:
315:(before 1978)
314:
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308:
304:
294:
290:
287:
283:
271:
267:
262:
258:
254:
248:
245:
242:
236:
233:Mamdouh Salem
232:
226:
220:
215:
211:
205:
202:
199:
193:
187:
184:
182:
181:Mamdouh Salem
179:
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92:
89:
86:
80:
74:
69:
66:
61:
57:
50:
45:
36:
29:
26:
22:
21:Boutros Ghali
5337:Organization
4895:Burkina Faso
4499:Yoram Kaniuk
4468:
4379:Luis Landero
4336:Metin Arditi
4304:Nedim Gürsel
4264:Louis Gardel
4232:Amin Maalouf
4184:Alain Nadaud
4128:Tahar Djaout
3958:
3922:Gladwyn Jebb
3920:
3913:(since 1945)
3802:
3792:
3791:
3758:
3715:
3684:
3679:Ismail Fahmi
3649:at Wikiquote
3601:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3580:
3551:
3512:
3492:
3483:
3450:
3446:
3418:
3414:Bowden, Mark
3406:Bibliography
3391:. Retrieved
3386:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3363:(in Italian)
3361:quirinale.it
3360:
3351:
3339:. Retrieved
3334:
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:
3300:
3286:
3272:
3258:
3244:
3230:
3216:
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3185:
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3159:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3126:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3076:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3051:the original
3041:
3029:. Retrieved
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:Ahram Online
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2976:. Al Jazeera
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2896:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2862:
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2828:
2818:
2802:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2723:(1): 72–82.
2720:
2716:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2676:
2650:. Retrieved
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2592:– via
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2575:
2562:
2555:Melvern 2000
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:the original
2530:Weekly Ahram
2529:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2473:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2336:The Atlantic
2335:
2325:
2301:– via
2295:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2248:Shimon Peres
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2133:Desmond Tutu
2125:Jimmy Carter
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2053:
1159:(March 1995)
1030:
1025:Turkmenistan
998:
970:
953:
945:South Centre
938:
929:Naela Chohan
909:
859:
816:
786:
784:
771:Flavio Cotti
767:Klaus Schwab
739:
704:
677:
600:
586:
575:
569:
552:
543:South Centre
536:
497:
470:
380:
379:
301:Cairo, Egypt
297:(2016-02-16)
251:Succeeded by
244:Ismail Fahmi
218:
208:Succeeded by
162:
142:Succeeded by
114:
95:Succeeded by
72:
25:
5504:2016 deaths
5499:1922 births
5405:LGBT rights
5298:South Korea
5100:Switzerland
5080:Saint Lucia
5000:Ivory Coast
4739:Lluís Llach
4724:Milena Agus
4589:Orhan Pamuk
4559:Jaume Cabré
4529:Umberto Eco
4439:Yaşar Kemal
4344:Kamel Daoud
4256:Emile Brami
4192:Jean Daniel
4136:Robert Solé
3971:Ban Ki-moon
3891:Seán Lester
3871:(1919–1945)
3814:Abdou Diouf
3659:Appearances
3453:: 183–188.
2809:, pp.
2807:Bowden 1999
2487:16 February
1033:Sciences Po
1009:Catholicism
870:Habar Gidir
862:Mark Bowden
799:(1992) and
684:Anwar Sadat
664:Moshe Dayan
623:Sciences Po
591: [
481:Anwar Sadat
354:Sciences Po
327:(from 2011)
325:Independent
321:(1978–2011)
239:Preceded by
196:Preceded by
147:Abdou Diouf
125:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
5493:Categories
5273:Mozambique
5268:Montenegro
5095:Seychelles
5035:Mauritania
5025:Madagascar
5015:Luxembourg
4920:Cape Verde
3979:(Portugal)
3965:Kofi Annan
3929:Trygve Lie
3808:1997–2002
3777:Kofi Annan
3764:1992–1996
3725:1978–1979
3335:L'Humanité
2445:vertigo.si
2268:References
2062:In English
1151:Fellow of
1005:Alexandria
1003:family in
919:Later life
878:Siad Barre
831:Yugoslavia
797:in Somalia
680:presidency
672:Strasbourg
471:Born to a
336:Alma mater
275:1922-11-14
100:Kofi Annan
5258:Louisiana
5253:Lithuania
5198:Argentina
5191:Observers
5040:Mauritius
4112:Jules Roy
3949:(Austria)
3893:(Ireland)
3618:1075-2846
3467:0065-9991
3367:12 August
3341:12 August
3315:12 August
3135:0362-4331
2951:AllAfrica
2905:0362-4331
2871:0190-8286
2837:0362-4331
2794:225356374
2786:0305-6244
2745:213046710
2737:1462-3528
2621:0362-4331
2482:0190-8286
2273:Citations
2159:In French
991:, Cairo.
886:Mogadishu
801:in Rwanda
609:from the
526:led to a
443:romanized
363:Signature
219:In office
163:In office
115:In office
73:In office
5471:Politics
5444:Category
5400:TV5Monde
5324:Thailand
5293:Slovenia
5288:Slovakia
4955:Dominica
4950:Djibouti
4910:Cameroon
4905:Cambodia
4890:Bulgaria
3937:(Sweden)
3931:(Norway)
3887:(France)
3859:and the
3626:27800693
3532:46607648
3475:40000236
3416:(1999).
3192:21 March
3166:21 March
3140:21 March
3106:21 March
3083:21 March
3077:BBC News
3057:21 March
3031:21 March
3006:21 March
2980:21 March
2957:21 March
2931:21 March
2910:20 March
2876:20 March
2842:20 March
2662:cite web
2652:20 March
2646:Archived
2626:20 March
2588:20 March
2510:20 March
2311:cite web
2297:19 March
2256:See also
1250:Country
989:Abbassia
868:and his
841:and the
719:genocide
518:and the
487:and the
464:and the
5457:Portals
5414:Related
5363:Culture
5308:Uruguay
5303:Ukraine
5278:Ontario
5238:Ireland
5233:Hungary
5228:Georgia
5213:Croatia
5203:Austria
5120:Vietnam
5115:Vanuatu
5110:Tunisia
5090:Senegal
5070:Romania
5055:Morocco
5045:Moldova
5010:Lebanon
4935:Comoros
4900:Burundi
4880:Belgium
4875:Armenia
4870:Andorra
4865:Albania
4858:Members
4850:Members
4649:Amos Oz
4065:winners
3987:Related
3967:(Ghana)
3961:(Egypt)
3943:(Burma)
3941:U Thant
3855:of the
3438:384149M
1259:Honour
1256:Ribbon
1185:Honour
1182:Ribbon
1167:Honours
856:(1994).
773:at the
666:at the
445::
153:Acting
5283:Poland
5263:Mexico
5248:Latvia
5243:Kosovo
5177:Serbia
5172:Cyprus
5162:Gambia
5146:Quebec
5075:Rwanda
5050:Monaco
4985:Guinea
4980:Greece
4970:France
4915:Canada
4797:2022:
4782:2019:
4767:2018:
4752:2017:
4737:2016:
4722:2015:
4707:2014:
4692:2013:
4677:2012:
4662:2011:
4647:2010:
4632:2009:
4617:2008:
4602:2007:
4587:2006:
4572:2005:
4557:2004:
4542:2003:
4527:2002:
4512:2001:
4497:2000:
4482:1999:
4467:1998:
4452:1997:
4437:1996:
4424:Adunis
4422:1995:
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