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2615:, but Merlin concludes that there is little evidence to support this. Merlin acknowledges the speculation that Boulez was gay. He writes that in 1972 Boulez engaged a young German, Hans Messner, as his personal assistant to look after the practicalities of his life. Messner, who called Boulez 'Monsieur' and whom Boulez sometimes introduced as his valet, lived in the Baden-Baden house until the end of Boulez's life and usually accompanied him when he travelled abroad. Although Merlin observes that in later years it was sometimes difficult to tell whether Messner was looking after Boulez or the other way round, his view is that there is no evidence that they were ever life partners. Towards the end of Boulez's life, Messner blocked Boulez's sister Jeanne from visiting the house. He was with Boulez when he died.
2530:, was paralysed by a stroke in 1952 Boulez sent scripts to French Radio in DĂ©sormiĂšre's name so that the older man could collect the fee. The writer Jean Vermeil, who observed Boulez in the 1990s in the company of Jean Batigne (founder of the Percussions de Strasbourg), discovered "a Boulez asking about the health of a musician in the Strasbourg orchestra, about another player's children, a Boulez who knew everyone by name and who reacted to each person's news with sadness or with joy". In later life, he was known for his charm and personal warmth. Of his humour, Gerard McBurney wrote that it "depended on his twinkling eyes, his perfect timing, his infectious schoolboy giggle, and his reckless compulsion always to say what the other person would not expect".
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1763:(1974â75) marks the beginning of this development. Boulez wrote this twenty-five minute work as an epitaph for his friend and colleague, the Italian composer and conductor, who died in 1973 aged 53. The piece is divided into fifteen sections, the orchestra into eight groups. The odd-numbered sections are conducted; in the even-numbered sections the conductor merely sets each group in motion and its progress is regulated by a percussionist beating time. In his dedication Boulez described the work as "a ritual of disappearance and survival"; Griffiths refers to the work's "awesome grandeur".
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1096:'s completion of the work, left unfinished at Berg's death. It was directed by ChĂ©reau. Otherwise he scaled back his conducting commitments to concentrate on IRCAM. Most of his appearances during this period were with his own Ensemble intercontemporainâincluding tours to the United States (1986), Australia (1988), the Soviet Union (1990) and Canada (1991)âalthough he also renewed his links in the 1980s with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.
1075:, which had been a meeting place for artists and scientists of all disciplines. IRCAM's aims included research into acoustics, instrumental design and the use of computers in music. The original building was constructed underground, partly to isolate it acoustically (an above-ground extension was added later). The institution was criticised for absorbing too much state subsidy, Boulez for wielding too much power. At the same time he founded the
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653:)âalthough the last category fell away in subsequent seasons, in part because of the difficulty of finding musicians with experience of playing early music. Boulez proved an energetic and accomplished administrator and the concerts were an immediate success. They attracted musicians, painters and writers, as well as fashionable society, but they were so expensive that Boulez had to turn to wealthy patrons for support.
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2082:, Boulez produced a lean, athletic sound which, underpinned by his rhythmic exactitude, could generate an electric sense of excitement. The ability to reveal the structure of a score and to clarify dense orchestral textures were hallmarks of his conducting. He conducted without a baton and, as Heyworth observed: "there is no trace of theatreânot even the rather theatrical sort of economy that was practised by
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1741:(1957â1968) is a fixed work with no chance element. Piencikowski describes it as "a great cycle of variations whose components interpenetrate each other instead of remaining isolated in the traditional manner". It is notable for the unusual layout of the orchestra, in which the various families of instruments (woodwind, brass etc.) are scattered across the stage rather than being grouped together.
1516:(1947â48) is a half-hour work which requires formidable technical prowess from the performer. Its four movements follow the standard pattern of a classical sonata but in each of them Boulez subverts the traditional model. For Griffiths the violent character of much of the music "is not just superficial: it is expressive of ⊠a need to obliterate what had gone before". Boulez played the work for
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1786:(1984), dedicated to William Glock on his retirement from the Bath Festival, is a short quintet in which the piano takes the lead. The material is derived from six chords and, according to Ivan Hewett, the piece "shuffles and decorates these chords, bursting outwards in spirals and eddies, before returning to its starting point". At the end the music "shivers into silence".
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1689:'s. In Cage's music the performers are often free to create unforeseen sounds, with the aim of removing the composer's intention from the music; in Boulez's music they choose between possibilities that have been written out by the composer. When applied to the order of sections, this is sometimes described as "mobile form", a technique devised by
602:; he later broke off contact with him. In 1952 Stockhausen arrived in Paris to study with Messiaen. Although Boulez knew no German and Stockhausen no French, the rapport between them was instant: "A friend translated we gesticulated wildly ... We talked about music all the timeâin a way I've never talked about it with anyone else."
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literate but non-specialist audience of the lectures he gave as
Professor of the CollĂšge de France. Much of Boulez's writing was linked to specific occasions, whether a first performance of a new piece, notes for a recording or a eulogy for a lost colleague. Generally he avoided publishing detailed analyses, other than one of
935:. Glock was dismayed and tried to persuade him that accepting the New York position would detract both from his work in London and his ability to compose but Boulez could not resist the opportunity (as Glock put it) "to reform the music-making of both these world cities" and in June the New York appointment was confirmed.
961:. Performances of new music were comparatively rare in the subscription series. The players admired his musicianship but regarded him as dry and unemotional compared to Bernstein, although it was widely accepted that he improved the standard of playing. He returned on only three occasions to the orchestra in later years.
1884:(1996â1998) the choice of like but distinct instruments, spread across the platform, enabled Boulez to create effects of harmonic, timbral and spatial echo for which he previously used electronic means. The piece is scored for three pianos, three harps and three percussionists (including steel drums) and grew out of
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which performances of Boulez's music are set in the context of works which influenced him. The second
Biennial was disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic, but a modified version went ahead (online in 2020, in person in 2021), with a particular focus on the piano music. The third iteration took place in April/May 2023.
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with hostility from the largely conservative audience, and around thirty orchestral musicians refused to work with Boulez in subsequent seasons. Both production and musical realisation grew in stature over the following four years and after the final performance in 1980 there was a 90-minute ovation.
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Boulez gave several reasons for conducting as much as he did. He gave his first concerts for the
Domaine musical because its financial resources were limited: "I told myself that, being much less expensive, I would have a go myself." He also said that the best possible training for a composer was "to
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as a "keystone of twentieth-century music". Three short poems by Char are the starting-point for three interlocking cycles. Four movements are vocal settings of the poems (one is set twice), the other five are instrumental commentaries. According to
Hopkins and Griffiths the music is characterised by
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over two evenings at the Park Avenue Armory, New York, in a presentation conceived by Pierre Audi. In
September 2018 the first edition of the Pierre Boulez Biennial took place in Paris and Berlin, a joint initiative by the Philharmonie de Paris and the Staatskapelle Berlin under Daniel Barenboim, in
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Boulez's music continues to be taken up by interpreters of the next generation. In
September 2016 Simon Rattle and the Berlin Philharmonic paired Boulez's Ăclat with Mahler's 7th Symphony for an international tour. In October 2017, the Ensemble intercontemporain, conducted by Matthias Pinscher, gave
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points out that, over the decades, Boulez's writings addressed very different readerships: in the 1950s the cultured
Parisian attendees of the Domaine musical; in the 1960s the specialised avant-garde composers and performers of the Darmstadt and Basel courses; and, between 1976 and 1995, the highly
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and was a gift for
Luciano Berio on his 60th birthday. Lasting around eighteen minutes, it is a dialogue between a solo clarinet (played live, though sometimes reverberated through an offstage piano) and its double (in passages pre-recorded by the same musician and projected around the hall). Boulez
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described the moment when they enter, some ten minutes into the piece: "it is as though a great window were thrown open, through which a new sound world enters, and with it a new world of the imagination. Even more impressive is the fact that there is no longer a schism between the worlds of natural
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in 2011 Boulez described it as a piece in which "the responsibility of the composer is practically absent. Had computers existed at that time I would have put the data through them and made the piece that way. But I did it by hand...It was a demonstration through the absurd." Asked whether it should
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His tenure in New York lasted between 1971 and 1977 and was not an unqualified success. The dependence on a subscription audience limited his programming. He introduced more key works from the first half of the twentieth century and, with earlier repertoire, sought out less well-known pieces. In his
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with the
Cleveland Orchestra and supervised a Webern edition, consisting of all the works with opus numbers. He also produced a wide-ranging survey of the music of Schoenberg with the BBC Symphony Orchestra, and recorded the orchestral works of Ravel with the New York Philharmonic and the Cleveland
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in 1898, and using imagery from the
Industrial Age; he achieved an exceptional degree of naturalism in the singers' performances. Boulez's conducting was no less controversial, emphasising continuity, flexibility and transparency over mythic grandeur and weight. In its first year the production met
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The virtuoso writing for the instrument is captured by the electronic system, transformed in real time and propelled around the space to create what Jonathan Goldman calls a "hyper-violin". Although this produces effects of speed and complexity which no violinist could achieve, Boulez restricts the
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in December 1945. It is in these twelve aphoristic pieces for piano, each twelve bars long, that Bennett first detects the influence of Webern. Shortly after the composition of the piano original, Boulez attempted an (unperformed and unpublished) orchestration of eleven of the pieces. Over a decade
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was revived after Wieland's death, Boulez was deeply disillusioned by the working conditions: "there was no rehearsal, no care taken over anything. The cynicism of the way an opera house like that was run disgusted me. It still disgusts me." He later said that it was this experience which prompted
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and two accompanying flutes with ensemble and live electronics. By this time the computer could follow the score and respond to triggers from the players. According to Griffiths, "the principal flute is caught as if in a hall of mirrors, its line imitated in what the other flutes play, and then in
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Boulez compared the experience of listening to pre-recorded electronic music in the concert hall to a crematorium ceremony. His real interest lay in the instantaneous transformation of instrumental sounds but the technology was not available until the founding of IRCAM in the 1970s. Before then he
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Boulez conducted only specific projectsâin productions by leading stage directorsâwhen he could be satisfied that conditions were right. Thanks to his years with the Renaud-Barrault company, the theatrical dimension was as important to him as the musical and he always attended staging rehearsals.
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for eight solo instruments, electronically transformed by a machine called a halophone, but the technology was primitive and he eventually withdrew it. He re-used some of its material in other works, including a later piece with the same name. This definitive version was composed at IRCAM between
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As a young man Boulez was an explosive, often confrontational figure. Jean-Louis Barrault, who knew him in his twenties, caught the contradictions in his personality: "his powerful aggressiveness was a sign of creative passion, a particular blend of intransigence and humour, the way his moods of
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observes that "Char's five poems speak in hard-edged surrealist imagery of an ecstatic sexual passion", which Boulez reflected in music "on the borders of fevered hysteria". In its original version (1946â47) the piece was scored for small forces (soprano, contralto, two ondes Martenot, piano and
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was only the most extreme example of Boulez's tendency to revisit earlier works: "as long as my ideas have not exhausted every possibility of proliferation they stay in my mind". Robert Piencikowski characterises this in part as "an obsessional concern for perfection" and observes that with some
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From the mid-1960s, Boulez also spoke of composing an opera. His attempts to find a librettist were unsuccessful: "both times the writer has died on me, so I'm a bit superstitious about looking for a third candidate". From the late 1960s he exchanged ideas with the radical French playwright and
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His appearances became more infrequent after an eye operation in 2010 left him with severely impaired sight. Other health problems included a shoulder injury resulting from a fall. In late 2011, when he was already quite frail, he led the combined Ensemble intercontemporain and Lucerne Festival
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The previous year he began a series of annual residencies with the Cleveland Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. In 1995 he was named principal guest conductor in Chicago, a post he held until 2005, when he became conductor emeritus. His 70th birthday in 1995 was marked by a six-month
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described Boulez as a bully. Boulez did not disagree: "Certainly I was a bully. I'm not ashamed of it at all. The hostility of the establishment to what you were able to do in the Forties and Fifties was very strong. Sometimes you have to fight against your society." One of the most notorious
1820:(1980â1984). In this forty-minute work an instrumental group is placed in the middle of the hall, while six soloists surround the audience: two pianos, harp, cimbalom, vibraphone and glockenspiel/xylophone. It is their music which is transformed electronically and projected through the space.
1219:, which opened in La Villette on the outskirts of Paris in 1995. Consisting of a modular concert hall, museum and mediathequeâwith the Conservatoire de Paris on an adjacent siteâit became the home to the Ensemble intercontemporain and attracted a diverse audience. In 2004, he co-founded the
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From 1991 onwards, Boulez recorded under an exclusive contract with Deutsche Grammophon. It centred on the orchestras of Chicago and Cleveland in the United States and Vienna and Berlin in Europe. He re-recorded much of his core repertoire and oversaw a second Webern edition, including the
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1920), who died in infancy. LĂ©on (1891â1969), an engineer and technical director of a steel factory, is described by biographers as an authoritarian figure with a strong sense of fairness, and Marcelle (1897â1985) as an outgoing, good-humoured woman, who deferred to her husband's strict
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that there was a passionate affair in 1946, described as "intense and tormented" and which Peyser suggested was the trigger for the "wild, courageous works" of that period. After Boulez's death, his sister Jeanne told the biographer Christian Merlin that the affair was with the actress
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Boulez was one of the leading conductors of the second half of the twentieth century. In a career lasting more than sixty years he directed most of the world's major orchestras. He was entirely self-taught, although he said that he learnt a great deal from attending DĂ©sormiĂšre's and
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Boulez's unfinished works include several that he was actively progressing, and others which he put to one side despite their potential for further development. In the latter category, the archives contain three unpublished movements of the Third Piano Sonata and further sections of
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pieces "one could speak of successive distinct versions, each one presenting a particular state of the musical material, without the successor invalidating the previous one or vice versa"âalthough he notes that Boulez almost invariably vetoed the performance of previous versions.
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in the 1960s and the electronic transformation of instrumental music in real time from the 1970s onwards. His tendency to revise earlier compositions meant that his body of work was relatively small, but it included pieces considered landmarks of twentieth-century music, such as
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the resulting surfeit of ever-changing musical data has the effect of erasing at any given point previous impressions the listener may have formed: "the present moment is all there is", Ross observed. Boulez linked this development to a desire by his generation to create a
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announced that his estate had made a substantial donation of private papers and possessions not covered by the Sacher contract, including 220 metres of books, 50 metres of archives and correspondence, as well as scores, photographs, recordings and about 100 other objects.
695:". When Boulez conducted the work in Los Angeles in early 1957, Stravinsky attended the performance; he later described the piece as "one of the few significant works of the post-war period of exploration". Boulez dined several times with the Stravinskys and (according to
2434:. As Nattiez points out: "as a writer Boulez is a communicator of ideas rather than of technical information. This may sometimes prove disappointing to composition students, but it is no doubt a peculiarity of his writing that explains its popularity with non-musicians."
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were absent from his programmes. His relations with the musicians were generally excellent. He was chief conductor between 1971 and 1975, continuing as chief guest conductor until 1977. Thereafter he returned to the orchestra frequently until his last appearance in an
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Many hundreds of concerts conducted by Boulez are held in the archives of radio stations and orchestras. In 2005 the Chicago Symphony Orchestra released a 2-CD set of broadcasts by Boulez, focusing on works which he had not recorded commercially, including JanĂĄÄek's
2751:, 2012; Karol Szymanowski Prize, Foundation Karol Szymanowski, 2012; Frontiers of Knowledge Award, BBVA Foundation, 2013, and nine honorary doctorates from universities and conservatoires in Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, the Czech Republic and the United States.
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shortly after the older composer's death, that Boulez first attracted international attention as a writer. This highly polemical piece, in which he attacked Schoenberg for his conservatism, contrasting it with Webern's radicalism, caused widespread controversy.
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Boulez's time with the BBC Symphony Orchestra was happier. With the resources of the BBC behind him, he could be bolder in his choice of repertoire. There were occasional forays into the classical and romantic repertoire, particularly at the Proms (Beethoven's
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That revolution entered its most extreme phase in 1950â1952, when Boulez developed a technique in which not only pitch but other musical parametersâduration, dynamics, timbre and attackâwere organised according to serial principles, an approach known as total
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were asked to devise a scheme for the reform of the Paris Opéra, with a view to Boulez becoming its music director. Their plan was derailed by the political fallout from the 1968 student protests. In the mid-1980s, Boulez became vice president of the planned
2055:: "Boulez cannot phrase â it is as simple as that...the reason being that he ignores the harmonic implications of any structure he is dealing with, to the extent of utterly disregarding harmonic rhythm and hence all characteristic rhythm in tonal music..."
1223:, an orchestral institute for young musicians, dedicated to music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. For the next ten years he spent the last three weeks of summer working with young composers and conducting concerts with the Academy's orchestra.
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was a turning point for Boulez; from here on he loosened the strictness of total serialism into a more supple, gestural music: "I am trying to rid myself of my thumbprints and taboos", he wrote to Cage. The most significant result of this new freedom was
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Jonathan Goldman identifies a major aesthetic shift in Boulez's work from the mid-1970s onwards, characterised variously by the presence of thematic writing, a return to vertical harmony and to clarity and legibility of form. Boulez himself said: "the
2390:. The most significant addition to his recorded repertoire was the multi-orchestra cycle of the Mahler symphonies and vocal works with orchestra. An 88-disc set of all Boulez's recordings for Deutsche Grammophon, Philips and Decca was issued in 2022.
2134:, Boulez said: "I would willingly have hitched, if not my entire fate, then at least a part of it, to someone like him, for discussions about music and productions were thrilling." They planned other productions together, including Richard Strauss's
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In the 1980s, Boulez also recorded for the Erato label, mostly with the Ensemble intercontemporain, with a greater emphasis on the music of his contemporaries such as Berio, Ligeti and Carter, as well as a survey of some of his own music, including
796:, directed by Barrault. The conditions were exceptional, with thirty orchestral rehearsals instead of the usual three or four; the critical response was favourable and after the first performance the musicians rose to applaud him. He conducted
331:. He was rejected but was determined to pursue a career in music. The following year, with his sister's support in the face of opposition from his father, he studied piano and harmony privately with Lionel de Pachmann (son of the pianist
1336:, a 13-CD survey of all his authorised compositions. He made his last public appearance on 30 May 2013 at the ThĂ©Ăątre des Champs-ĂlysĂ©es in Paris, discussing Stravinsky with Robert Piencikowski, to mark the centenary of the premiere of
419:'s counterpoint and fugue class, infuriated by what he described as her "lack of imagination", and organised a petition that Messiaen be given a full professorship in composition. Over the winter of 1945â46 Boulez immersed himself in
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From the 1950s Boulez experimented with what he called "controlled chance". In his article "Sonate, que me veux-tu?", he wrote of "the investigation of a relative world, a permanent 'discovering' rather like the state of 'permanent
2418:, Boulez was one of two twentieth-century composers who wrote most prolifically about music, the other being Schoenberg. It was with a 1952 article with the inflammatory title "Schoenberg is Dead", published in the British journal
699:) "soon captivated the older composer with new musical ideas, and an extraordinary intelligence, quickness and humour". Relations between the two composers soured the following year over the first Paris performance of Stravinsky's
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the music at a deeper, structural level. The piece is scored for soprano and large orchestra, often deployed in chamber groups. Boulez described its sound-world, rich in percussion, as "not so much frozen as extraordinarily
598:. When Cage returned to New York they began an intense, six-year correspondence about the future of music. Their friendship later cooled as Boulez could not accept Cage's increasing commitment to compositional procedures
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From 2014 he scarcely left his home in Baden-Baden. His health prevented him from taking part in the many celebrations held across the world for his 90th birthday in 2015, which included a multi-media exhibition at the
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927:(1965) and tours to Moscow and Leningrad, Berlin and Prague (1967). In January 1969 William Glock, controller of music at the BBC, announced his appointment as chief conductor. Two months later, Boulez conducted the
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1497:(1948) originated in incidental music for a radio drama by Char. It went through three further versions before reaching its final form in 1965 as a piece for soprano, mixed chorus and orchestra. The first movement (
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considered that: "in general Boulez conducts what he loves magnificently, conducts what he likes very well and, with rare exceptions, gives stiff performances of the classic and romantic repertoire". The conductor
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wrote that "Boulez has produced a catalogue of wondrously luminous and scintillating works. Within them a rigorous compositional skill is coupled to an imagination of extraordinary aural refinement". By contrast,
2457:(1958), CĂ©lestin DeliĂšge (1975) and Jean Vermeil (1989). Two volumes of correspondence have been published: with the composer John Cage (from the period 1949â62); and with the anthropologist and ethnomusicologist
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beliefs, while not necessarily sharing them. The family prospered, moving in 1929 from the apartment above a pharmacy, where Boulez was born, to a comfortable detached house, where he spent most of his childhood.
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The title is a reference to plainchant, in which the solo singer alternates with a choir. It reflects the interplay between the soloists and the ensemble (or, as Samuel puts it: the individual and the community).
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have to play or conduct his own works and to face their difficulties of execution"âyet on a practical level he sometimes struggled to find time to compose given his conducting commitments. The writer and pianist
1403:. Gerald Bennett describes the pieces as "modest, delicate and rather anonymous a certain number of standard elements of French salon music of the timeâwhole-tone scales, pentatonic scales and polytonality".
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wrote that the single idea of each original piece "has, as it were, been passed through a many-faceted bright prism and broken into a thousand linked, lapped, sparkling fragments", the finale "a terse modern
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highlights the sheer number of different kinds of attack in its two short movementsâand the frequent accelerations of tempo in the second movementâwhich together create a feeling of "instrumental delirium".
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and asked to study harmony with him. Messiaen invited him to attend the private seminars he gave to selected students; in January 1945, Boulez joined Messiaen's advanced harmony class at the Conservatoire.
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507:. Boulez was soon appointed music director of the Compagnie Renaud-Barrault, a post he held for nine years. He arranged and conducted incidental music, mostly by composers whose music he disliked (such as
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affection and insolence succeeded one another, all these had drawn us near to him". Messiaen said later: "He was in revolt against everything." At one point Boulez turned against Messiaen, describing his
1898:. According to Griffiths: "what was abrupt in 1945 is now languorous; what was crude is now done with a lifetime's experience and expertise; what was simple is fantastically embellished, even submerged."
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Boulez died at home on 5 January 2016. He was buried on 13 January in Baden-Baden's main cemetery following a private funeral service at the town's Stiftskirche. At a memorial service the next day at the
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Boulez also conducted in the opera house. His chosen repertoire was small and included no Italian opera. Apart from Wagner, he conducted only twentieth-century works. Of his work with Wieland Wagner on
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with the Bayreuth company at the Osaka Festival in Japan in 1967, but the lack of adequate rehearsal made it an experience he later said he would rather forget. His conducting of the new production (by
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In the early 1950s Boulez began to apply the technique rigorously, ordering each parameter into sets of twelve and prescribing no repetition until all twelve had sounded. According to the music critic
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Boulez composed significantly more during this period, producing a series of pieces which used the potential, developed at IRCAM, electronically to transform sound in real time. The first of these was
1039:. Highly controversial in its first year, according to Barry Millington by the end of the run in 1980 "enthusiasm for the production vastly outweighed disapproval". It was televised around the world.
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Boulez's first recordings date from his time with the Domaine musical in the late 1950s and early 1960s and were made for the French Vega label. They include the first of his five recordings of
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Boulez's ear for sound was legendary: "there are countless stories of him detecting, for example, faulty intonation from the third oboe in a complex orchestral texture", Paul Griffiths wrote in
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thought this was deliberate and related to a sense of being overshadowed as a composer by Stockhausen, who from the late 1950s was increasingly prolific. The French litterateur and musicologist
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piano concerto. Boulez recalled: "It was terrible, I felt like a waiter who keeps dropping the plates." His appearances with the orchestra over the next five years included his debuts at the
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for piano (1945) and a Quartet for four ondes Martenot (1945â46)). The encounter with Schoenbergâthrough his studies with Leibowitzâwas the catalyst for his first piece of serial music, the
52:; 26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor and writer, and the founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of post-war
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emphasised what he called the decadent qualities of Boulez's later music: "You can feel the butter swirling in that pan. And when he conducts it, he teases out these luxurious textures."
1549:(1948â49, revised 2011â12), a collection of movements for string quartet from which the players may choose at any one performance, foreshadowing Boulez's later interest in variable form.
1271:, which they repeated two years later at Carnegie Hall. In late 2007 the Orchestre de Paris and the Ensemble intercontemporain presented a retrospective of Boulez's music and in 2008 the
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in 1973), but for the most part he worked intensively with the orchestra on the music of the twentieth century. He conducted works by the younger generation of British composersâsuch as
536:; and between 1950 and 1957 there were three tours to South America and two to North America. Much of the music he wrote for the company was lost after the occupation by students of the
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wrote: "even at a first hearing, though difficult to take in, it was so utterly new in sound, texture and feeling that it seemed to possess a mythical quality like that of Schoenberg's
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1625:, vibraphone, percussion, guitar and viola. Boulez said that the choice of these instruments showed the influence of non-European cultures, to which he had always been attracted.
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687:, at the ISCM Festival in Baden-Baden. A nine-movement cycle for alto voice and instrumental ensemble based on poems by René Char, it was an immediate, international success.
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2690:. It is home to a new Boulez Ensemble, made up of members of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, the Berlin Staatskapelle and guest musicians from Berlin and around the world.
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while on tour with Barrault. His breakthrough came in 1959 when he replaced the ailing Hans Rosbaud at short notice in demanding programmes of twentieth-century music at the
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where the thirteen-hour school day was filled with study and prayer. By the age of eighteen he had repudiated Catholicism; later in life he described himself as an agnostic.
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in the Quintet was a revelation to Boulez, who organised a group of fellow students to take private lessons with Leibowitz. It was here that he also discovered the music of
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In October 1943, Boulez auditioned unsuccessfully for the advanced piano class at the Conservatoire, but he was admitted in January 1944 to the preparatory harmony class of
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observed: "at all times he seemed absolutely sure of what he was doing. Amid the confusion of postwar life, with so many truths discredited, his certitude was reassuring."
335:). "Our parents were strong, but finally we were stronger than they", Boulez later said. In the event, when he moved to Paris in the autumn of 1943, hoping to enrol at the
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retrospective tour with the London Symphony Orchestra, taking in Paris, Vienna, New York and Tokyo. In 2001 he conducted a major BartĂłk cycle with the Orchestre de Paris.
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for flute and piano (1946â1949) was the first work Boulez allowed to be published. A serial work of great energy, its single-movement form was influenced by Schoenberg's
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staged the first large-scale retrospective of Boulez as composer and conductor. In 1966, he proposed a reorganisation of French musical life to the minister of culture,
6704:
1621:
abrupt tempo transitions, passages of broadly improvisatory melodic style and exotic instrumental colouring. The piece is scored for contralto soloist with alto flute,
13589:
6383:
4270:
415:. He was described in the examiner's report as "the most giftedâa composer". Although registered at the Conservatoire for the academic year 1945â46, he soon boycotted
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1018:
had also used for radical theatre productions. His aim was "to create a feeling that we are all, audience, players and myself, taking part in an act of exploration".
938:
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10318:
6112:
5983:
5772:
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2097:, himself a well-known composer-conductor, observed that "his rehearsals are models of clear-headedness and professional courtesyâhe effortlessly commands respect".
1968:
and a subjectâtreasonâwas agreed on. Parts of a draft libretto were found among Genet's papers after his death in 1986. Boulez later turned to the German playwright
4850:
1754:
is simpler. The contents are not ... I think in my recent work it is true that the first approach is more direct, and the gesture is more obvious, let's say."
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9386:
4999:
609:
for the first time. As well as Stockhausen, Boulez was in contact there with other composers who would become significant figures in contemporary music, including
13714:
13644:
9832:
7094:, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Sophie Galaise, with the collaboration of Robert Piecikowski (in French). Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Christian Bourgois.
2682:, for which Boulez campaigned for many years, was renamed the Grande salle Pierre Boulez. In March 2017, a new concert hall, the Pierre Boulez Saal, designed by
3749:
2519:
instance of this is Boulez's declaration in 1952 that "any musician who has not experiencedâââI do not say understood, but truly experiencedâââthe necessity of
1988:), which was planned for the 1989 opening of the Opéra Bastille in Paris, but this too came to nothing. In a 1996 interview Boulez said that he was thinking of
1002:
In both cities, Boulez sought out venues where new music could be presented more informally: in New York he began a series of "Rug Concerts"âwhen the seats in
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4633:
4393:
1888:(1993â2001), a short piece written for a piano competition. In an interview in 2013 he described it as his most important workâ"because it is the freest".
1652:
on individual sonnets are framed by two orchestral movements, into which fragments of other poems are embedded. Boulez's word-setting, which in the first
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13287:
4034:
1592:
still be listened to as music, Boulez replied: "I am not terribly eager to listen to it. But for me it was an experiment that was absolutely necessary."
872:
in July 1970, assumed the role of music advisor for two years. In the 1968â69 season, he also made guest appearances in Boston, Chicago and Los Angeles.
300:
in Paris. His father hoped this would lead to a career in engineering. Wartime conditions in Lyon were already harsh; they became harsher still when the
13544:
1473:. Bennett finds in the piece a tone new to Boulez's writing: "a sharp, brittle violence juxtaposed against an extreme sensitivity and delicacy". In the
637:
In 1954, with the financial backing of Barrault and Renaud, Boulez started a series of concerts at the Petit Marigny theatre, which became known as the
406:. He eventually found Leibowitz's approach too doctrinaire and broke angrily with him in 1946 when Leibowitz tried to criticise one of his early works.
13629:
6034:
4236:
1912:, Boulez wanted to explore rhythmic shifts, tempo changes and superimpositions of different speeds, inspired in part by his contact with the music of
1769:(1980) are the first four transformations of piano miniatures from 1945 into pieces for very large orchestra. In his review of the New York premiere,
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745:
to work as composer-in-residence and to conduct some smaller concerts. He also had access to an electronic studio where he could work on a new piece (
11909:
2712:
6591:
9587:
3284:
79:. He began his professional career in the late 1940s as music director of the Renaud-Barrault theatre company in Paris. He was a leading figure in
10571:
5806:
2495:
1853:
the contributions of the larger ensemble". Hopkins and Griffiths describe it as "music characteristically caught between thrill and desperation".
752:
During this period, he turned increasingly to conducting. His first engagement as an orchestral conductor had been in 1956, when he conducted the
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13659:
13524:
9475:
8786:
8469:
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2027:
1718:(1961â1968) it is the soloist who dictates the order in which the sections are played by his movement around the stage. In later works, such as
117:
Boulez was also one of the most prominent conductors of his generation. In a career lasting more than sixty years, he was music director of the
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3023:
1978:
when he died in 1995, again without leaving anything usable. In the 1980s he discussed with Patrice Chéreau an adaptation of Genet's 1961 play
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10311:
931:
for the first time. His performances so impressed both orchestra and management that he was offered the chief conductorship in succession to
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9379:
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8755:
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4354:
2708:
2229:, who was primarily a theatre director, accepted and went on to create one of the defining opera productions of modern times. According to
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11079:
9825:
8384:
2743:, Japan, 2009; De Gaulle-Adenauer Prize, 2011; Giga-Hertz Prize, 2011; Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement, Venice Biennale, 2012; Gold
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6682:
6285:
4124:
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1865:(1991), which Boulez wrote for the Yehudi Menuhin Violin Competition in Paris and which in turn derived from material in the original
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percussion). Forty years later Boulez arrived at the definitive version for soprano, mezzo-soprano, chorus and orchestra (1985â1989).
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13534:
13514:
10179:
2453:. Throughout his career he also expressed himself through long-form interviews, of which perhaps the most substantial are those with
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1247:
742:
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485:(an early electronic instrument), improvising accompaniments to radio dramas and occasionally deputising in the pit orchestra of the
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for the Domaine musical. Poorly planned by Boulez and nervously conducted by Stravinsky, the performance broke down more than once.
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2526:
Those who knew Boulez well often referred to his loyalty, both to individuals and to organisations. When his mentor, the conductor
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entry: Grand Prix de la Musique, Paris, 1982; Charles Heidsieck Award for Outstanding Contribution to Franco-British Music, 1989;
1136:
In 1992, Boulez gave up the directorship of IRCAM and was succeeded by Laurent Bayle. He was composer in residence at that year's
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were premiered, forming the kernel of a piece which grew over the next four years into a large-scale, five-movement "portrait of
7064:, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez with Françoise Davoine, Hans Oesch and Robert Piencikowski (in French). Basel: Amadeus Verlag.
2591:
He was a keen walker and, when he was at home in Baden-Baden, spent the late afternoons and much of the weekends walking in the
821:
later in the season, and Boulez returned to conduct revivals in 1967, 1968 and 1970. He also conducted performances of Wagner's
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1908:
on his 80th birthday; by 2006 it was a 45-minute work for eleven instruments and Boulez's last major composition. According to
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He remained active as a conductor over the next six years. In 2007 he was re-united with ChĂ©reau for a production of JanĂĄÄek's
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to return to France and set up an institute specialising in musical research and creation at the arts complexânow known as the
4314:
2071:
He worked with many leading soloists and had particularly long-term collaborations with Daniel Barenboim and with the soprano
1728:âthe conductor chooses the order of certain events but there is no freedom for the individual player. In its original version
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7174:
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1235:(2006), a 45-minute piece for eleven instruments. He left several compositional projects unfinished, including the remaining
1206:(1993), which had its origins in 1972 as a tribute to Stravinsky and which again used the electronic resources of IRCAM, and
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4262:
13584:
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1105:(1981â1984), a 40-minute work for soloists, ensemble and electronics. He also radically reworked earlier pieces, including
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His involvement with the company also broadened his horizons: in 1947 they toured to Belgium and Switzerland ("absolutely
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8779:
8462:
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2239:). Chéreau treated the story in part as an allegory of capitalism, drawing on ideas that George Bernard Shaw explored in
1470:
1048:, a large-scale orchestral work, prompted by the death at a relatively young age of Boulez's friend and fellow composer.
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2663:
1109:, a transcription and expansion for large orchestra of tiny piano pieces (1945â1980), and his cantata on poems by Char,
13624:
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Between 1966 and 1989 he recorded for Columbia Records (later Sony Classical). Among the first projects were the Paris
2000:, "but only thinking". When news emerged in 2010 that, at the age of 85, he was working on an opera based on Beckett's
3757:
2464:
Boulez taught at the Darmstadt Summer School most years between 1954 and 1965. He was professor of composition at the
2258:(with contralto Marie-ThérÚse Cahn), as well as pieces to which he did not return in the studio (such as Stravinsky's
481:) at the Concerts du Triptyque. Boulez earned money by giving maths lessons to his landlord's son. He also played the
8362:
7079:, collected and presented by Paule ThĂ©venin, translated by Stephen Walsh, 209â14. New York: Oxford University Press.
879:, Boulez's only substantial new work to emerge in the first half of the 1960s was the final version of Book 2 of his
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765:
386:
district of Paris, where he lived for the next thirteen years. In February 1945 he attended a private performance of
12610:
4087:
1944:) were announced by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for May 2006, but postponed. He was in the process of developing
1006:
were taken out and the audience sat on the floorâand a contemporary music series called "Prospective Encounters" in
319:
252:
Calabre) Boulez. He was the third of four children: an older sister, Jeanne (1922â2018) and younger brother, Roger (
11895:
11489:
8284:
7139:, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Sophie Galaise (in French). Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Christian Bourgois.
6480:
5173:
3328:
1759:
1044:
889:(1965), a short and brilliant piece for small ensemble, which by 1970 had grown into a substantial half-hour work,
846:
749:). He moved into, and eventually bought, a large hillside villa, which was his main home for the rest of his life.
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opera" and that "the most elegant" solution to opera's moribund condition would be "to blow the opera houses up".
1701:
13619:
13549:
11072:
9573:
8235:
2921:
Explaining the title in a letter to Glock, Boulez referred to the fact that the music "derived" from material in
2647:
described Boulez as "a mannerist, a niche composer, a master who worked with a very small hammer". In a piece in
1807:'s Groupe Recherche de la Radiodiffusion Française, as well as a large-scale piece for live orchestra with tape,
1737:
588:. His friendship with Cage began in 1949 when Cage was visiting Paris. Cage introduced Boulez to two publishers (
515:), but it gave him the chance to work with professional musicians, while leaving time to compose during the day.
327:, who asked him to play for her. Impressed by his ability, she persuaded his father to allow him to apply to the
2556:
as particular influences. He had a lifelong interest in the visual arts. He wrote extensively about the painter
1732:
also contained elements of choice for the instrumentalists, but much of this was eliminated in later revisions.
1648:, attracted by its extreme density and radical syntax. At seventy minutes, it is his longest composition. Three
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9098:
8772:
8607:
8455:
1361:
1152:
617:. Boulez quickly became one of the leaders of the post-war modernist movement in the arts. As the music critic
4026:
2576:, all of whom he knew personally. He also had close links with three of the leading philosophers of the time:
547:
The period between 1947 and 1950 was one of intense compositional activity for Boulez. New works included the
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9841:
9177:
8577:
8326:
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with additional texts by Sylvie de Nussac and François Regnault (in French). Paris: Ăditions Robert Laffont.
1829:
761:
656:
Key events in the Domaine's history included a Webern festival (1955), the European premiere of Stravinsky's
284:
a year early, he spent the academic year of 1940â41 at the Pensionnat St. Louis, a boarding school in nearby
10594:
1259:(Theater an der Wien, Amsterdam and Aix). In April that year, as part of the Festtage in Berlin, Boulez and
1025:, who had succeeded his brother Wieland as director of the Bayreuth Festival, invited Boulez to conduct the
592:
and Amphion) who agreed to take his recent pieces; Boulez helped to arrange a private performance of Cage's
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13559:
12240:
8679:
8548:
7885:
7046:
6026:
4232:
2573:
2289:
1932:
Regarding works Boulez was known to be working on in his later years, the premieres of two more orchestral
1770:
753:
53:
1426:
for piano, left hand (1945). Peter O'Hagan describes it as "his boldest and most ambitious work to date".
1322:. Later that year, he worked with the Diotima Quartet, making final revisions to his only string quartet,
1311:
225:, an international orchestra of young musicians, with which he gave first performances of many new works.
13463:
12059:
11482:
9632:
9520:
8141:
6583:
4385:
2465:
2233:
the production "helped open the floodgates of directorial reinterpretation of opera" (sometimes known as
2202:
was appointed president of the Bastille opera. He dismissed Barenboim and Boulez withdrew in solidarity.
1372:, whose large concert hall had been inaugurated the previous year, thanks in part to Boulez's influence.
1306:
410:
374:. Between April 1944 and May 1946 he studied counterpoint privately with her. In June 1944 he approached
340:
293:
10521:
8521:
7152:
Points de repĂšre, III: Leçons de musique: Deux dĂ©cennies d'enseignement au CollĂšge de France (1976â1995)
5798:
3922:
1391:
Boulez's earliest surviving compositions date from his school days in 1942â43, mostly songs on texts by
1172:
13371:
13111:
12099:
11438:
11065:
10146:
9491:
9328:
9292:
8861:
8394:
7600:
7359:
7186:
2687:
2639:
1351:
1255:
1076:
966:
210:
126:
12273:
9119:
2968:: "convulsive beauty will be erotic-veiled, exploding-fixed, magic-circumstantial, or it will not be."
1704:(1955â1957, revised 1963) the pianist chooses different routes through the score and in one movement (
1406:
As a student at the Conservatoire Boulez composed a series of pieces influenced first by Honegger and
793:
606:
141:. He was known for his performances of the music of the first half of the twentieth centuryâincluding
12946:
11520:
9346:
9246:
9091:
8704:
7936:
2301:
2225:
then Peter Brook to direct, both of whom refused. Peter Stein initially agreed but withdrew in 1974.
1843:
974:
641:. The concerts focused initially on three areas: pre-war classics still unfamiliar in Paris (such as
391:
9442:
8221:
7000:, translated by Susan Bradshaw and Richard Rodney Bennett. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6621:
1660:, to the point where the words cannot be distinguished. Boulez's stated aim was to make the sonnets
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683:
94:
12357:
12188:
11991:
11248:
10696:
10296:
9888:
9758:
9620:
9334:
9192:
9058:
8961:
8871:
8270:
6476:
6273:
2515:
2472:
in 1963. He also taught privately in the early part of his career. Students included the composers
2032:
1720:
1553:
1450:
into extended works for very large orchestra, a project which occupied him to the end of his life.
757:
725:
Around this time, Boulez's relations with Stockhausen deteriorated as (according to the biographer
618:
589:
222:
2501:
1520:, who asked: "But must we start a revolution all over again?"â"Yes, mercilessly", Boulez replied.
861:, announcing that he was "going on strike with regard to any aspect of official music in France".
645:
and Webern), works by the new generation (Stockhausen, Nono) and neglected masters from the past (
355:. He made rapid progress, and by May 1944 Dandelot was describing him as "the best of the class".
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12207:
11918:
11849:
11790:
8956:
7653:
7562:
7434:
7411:
7403:
7336:
2596:
1617:
1489:
1194:
1061:
1031:
574:
8891:
7154:, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez (in French). Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Christian Bourgois.
6734:
2658:
In 1986 Boulez entered into an agreement to place his musical and literary manuscripts with the
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8134:
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2064:
described him as "without doubt the only man of his generation who is an outstanding conductor
1645:
1632:
1513:
1501:) is a love song addressed by a lizard to a goldfinch in the heat of a summer day; the second (
1474:
1319:
1160:
1128:, each of which focused on a specific aspect of contemporary music (rhythm, timbre, form etc.)
904:
713:
548:
336:
158:
122:
64:
17:
12034:
9162:
8916:
7570:
6277:
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2662:
Foundation in Basel, Switzerland. When he died in January 2016, he left no will. In 2017, the
1724:(1970, revised 1986)âa chamber cantata for 16 solo voices and small orchestra using a poem by
1345:
436:
416:
297:
13279:
13225:
12985:
12925:
12497:
12229:
11875:
11679:
11212:
11137:
11033:
10743:
10395:
10110:
9924:
9864:
9596:
9460:
9222:
9083:
9053:
9011:
8795:
8478:
8263:
7537:
6548:"Le fonds Pierre Boulez de la BnF s'enrichit grĂące Ă un don et une acquisition exceptionnels"
2679:
2644:
2527:
2520:
2241:
2174:, in which he claimed that "no opera worth mentioning had been composed since 1935", that "a
1700:
Boulez employed variants of the technique in several works over the next two decades: in the
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1202:
928:
585:
399:
313:
262:
118:
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11117:
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10341:
10249:
9906:
8971:
6547:
4599:
1216:
857:
as head of music at the Ministry of Culture. Boulez expressed his fury in an article in the
829:
214:
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reported that "about his private life he remained tightly guarded". Boulez acknowledged to
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916:
504:
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332:
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996:
367:
269:
From the age of seven Boulez went to school at the Institut Victor de Laprade, a Catholic
72:
8:
12999:
12964:
12702:
12420:
12088:
12074:
12048:
12041:
10909:
10684:
10551:
10353:
9978:
9870:
9716:
9674:
9395:
8709:
8569:
8214:
6979:
6808:
2260:
1583:
1329:
1292:
1189:). In 2004 and 2005 he returned to Bayreuth to conduct a controversial new production of
979:
865:
769:
701:
490:
455:
280:
with local amateurs and sang in the school choir. After completing the first part of his
218:
138:
134:
130:
9565:
6674:
2599:
department of France and built another, modern home on the same land in the late 1970s.
2569:
2477:
2458:
1572:
1348:
in Paris, focusing on the inspiration he had drawn from literature and the visual arts.
114:
tone in which he expressed his views on music led some to criticise him as a dogmatist.
12918:
12890:
12709:
12571:
12006:
11739:
11572:
11530:
11506:
11407:
11403:
10897:
10885:
10773:
10737:
10714:
10666:
10563:
10455:
10056:
10014:
9996:
9608:
9544:
8936:
8831:
8729:
8661:
8582:
8501:
8200:
8193:
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7238:
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5882:
4416:
2925:
but also that one meaning of "dérive" is the drifting of a boat in the wind or current.
2469:
2045:
1949:
1870:
palette of electronic sounds so that their source, the violin, is always recognisable.
1838:
approved transcriptions of the piece for bassoon (in 1995) and for recorder (in 2011).
1545:
1543:
for piano (1949). Boulez's first sketches towards total serialism appeared in parts of
1400:
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1324:
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956:
912:
823:
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243:
84:
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4711:
4517:"A day for Boulez: moving tributes and newly composed homages at the Lucerne festival"
2332:
Three operatic projects from this period were picked up by other labels: the Bayreuth
2314:
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1318:
In mid-2012 Boulez was diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease, probably a form of
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891:
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11153:
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8587:
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8249:
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8004:
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7854:
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7702:
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7497:
7478:
7457:
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7389:
7363:
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7170:
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7001:
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were recorded for Deutsche Grammophon. For EMI in 1984 he recorded several pieces on
2179:
2118:
2105:
2002:
1955:
1714:
1712:(1965), the conductor triggers the order in which each player joins the ensemble; in
1446:. Then in the mid-1970s he embarked on a further, more radical transformation of the
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7223:
Edwards, Allen (June 1989). "Unpublished Bouleziana at the Paul Sacher Foundation".
2195:
2190:
1878:
In later works Boulez relinquished electronics, although Griffiths suggests that in
1159:
This period also marked a return to the opera house, including two productions with
883:
for two pianos. Midway through the decade, he produced several new works, including
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11999:
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10708:
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in Paris, working with Daniel Barenboim, who was to be its music director. In 1988
2006:, few believed such an ambitious undertaking could be realised so late in the day.
1804:
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A few new works emerged during this period, of which perhaps the most important is
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288:. The following year he took classes in advanced mathematics at the Cours Sogno in
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63:, in the Loire department of France, the son of an engineer, Boulez studied at the
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10347:
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9137:
8856:
7377:
4784:"Boulez: Livre pour Quatuor 'RĂ©visĂ©' CD reviewârapturous beauty from the Diotimas"
2612:
2454:
1969:
1913:
1407:
1291:. His final appearance as a conductor was in Salzburg on 28 January 2012 with the
1212:(1998), for which he was awarded the 2001 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.
864:
In March 1965, Boulez had made his orchestral debut in the United States with the
850:
629:
443:
because I was so fascinated by that music. It gives a different feeling of time."
285:
213:, a chamber orchestra specialising in contemporary music. Later he co-founded the
162:
13333:
13213:
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88:
48:
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1082:
In 1979, Boulez conducted the world premiere of the three-act version of Berg's
868:. In February 1969 he became its principal guest conductor and, on the death of
580:
Around this time, Boulez met two composers who were to be important influences:
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Musical Heroes, A Personal View of Music and the Musical World Over Sixty Years
6492:
4629:
2951:(The Satin Slipper). Boulez acknowledged that the work had a theatrical aspect.
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6645:"Berlin PO/Rattle/BBC Singers/EIC review â a powerful Proms tribute to Boulez"
642:
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10903:
10879:
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10261:
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9876:
9781:
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9552:
9528:
9197:
9167:
9142:
8976:
8926:
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8881:
8739:
8228:
8070:
Selection of programs conducted by Boulez and a discography by Paul Griffiths
8027:
7954:
7858:
7461:
7328:
7277:
2545:
2309:
Orchestra. As for Boulez's own music, in 1969 he made the first recording of
2270:). In 2015 Universal Music brought these recordings together in a 10-CD set.
2072:
1909:
1800:
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1517:
1264:
924:
718:
688:
674:(1963). Boulez remained director until 1967, when Gilbert Amy succeeded him.
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311:
In Lyon, Boulez first heard an orchestra, saw his first operas (Mussorgsky's
277:
166:
146:
100:
11540:
8434:
7501:
7026:
Boulez, Pierre and Patrice Chéreau, Richard Peduzzi, Jacques Schmidt. 1980.
4455:
4088:"Patrice Chéreau and the bringing of dramatic conviction to the opera house"
2977:
The title refers to the fact that the piece elaborates "on" the piano piece
13433:
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12848:
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12222:
12196:
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12121:
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11831:
11766:
11756:
11703:
11594:
11544:
11458:
11428:
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11167:
11157:
11123:
10968:
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10791:
10267:
9900:
9797:
9752:
9728:
9704:
9436:
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9352:
9316:
9280:
9036:
9001:
8966:
8931:
8876:
8826:
8647:
8207:
6842:
Le Domaine Musical, Pierre Boulez and Twenty Years of Contemporary Creation
5978:
4682:"Exquisite Labyrinth: the music of Pierre Boulez, Southbank Centre, review"
4120:
2944:
2592:
2235:
2230:
2152:
2048:
disagreed: "Boulez became a conductor because he had a great gift for it."
2021:
1566:
1084:
869:
779:
729:) he saw the younger man supplanting him as the leader of the avant-garde.
696:
678:
569:
403:
324:
301:
194:
13685:
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
11973:
11887:
11452:
10927:
8866:
2561:
2051:
Not everyone agreed about the greatness of that gift. According to writer
1215:
Boulez continued to work on institutional organisation. He co-founded the
552:
12592:
12585:
12525:
12448:
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12203:
12142:
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11659:
11639:
11566:
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11349:
11323:
11268:
11208:
11198:
11163:
10820:
10761:
10749:
10720:
10359:
10116:
10062:
9740:
9644:
9304:
9152:
8816:
8719:
8526:
8506:
4512:
2740:
2683:
2659:
2607:
2553:
2549:
2523:
is USELESS. For his whole work is irrelevant to the needs of his epoch."
2345:
2175:
2170:
2056:
2052:
1989:
1980:
1894:(1999), marked "hieratic" in the score, is the longest of the orchestral
1690:
1669:". The work had a complex genesis, reaching its definitive form in 1989.
1534:
1365:
1208:
1015:
842:
in 1969 was praised for its combination of "delicacy and sumptuousness".
738:
726:
512:
133:. He made frequent appearances with many other orchestras, including the
13141:
8312:
8305:
6838:
Le Domaine Musical, Pierre Boulez et vingt ans de creation contemporaine
3513:
Heyworth (1986), 21; Jameux, 62â64; Campbell and O'Hagan, 9; Aguila, 55.
2266:
1857:
1782:
13261:
12392:
11369:
11329:
11292:
11274:
11133:
11027:
10473:
10443:
10383:
10365:
10152:
9746:
9212:
9026:
8986:
8734:
8637:
2728:
2652:
2186:
2086:". According to Boulez: "outward excitement uses up inner excitement".
1965:
1505:) is a violent, incantatory protest against the pollution of the river
614:
189:
32:
7851:
Boulez: Le Visage nuptial/Le Soleil des eaux/Figures, Doubles, Prismes
7792:] (in French). Paris: Hermann, Ă©diteurs des sciences et des arts.
7242:
6966:
2670:
2378:
unpublished works. His own late music featured prominently, including
2209:
1861:
for violin and electronics (1997) grew out of a piece for solo violin
577:, some audience members whistling and hissing during the performance.
532:; in 1951 they gave a season of plays in London, at the invitation of
12674:
12660:
11633:
11550:
11389:
11234:
11194:
10533:
9650:
9157:
8851:
8799:
8689:
8511:
8482:
8409:
7766:
2557:
2451:
Pierre Boulez, Music Lessons: The Complete CollĂšge de France Lectures
1841:
In the early 1970s he had worked on an extended chamber piece called
1686:
1622:
1530:
920:
581:
567:. In October 1951, a substantial work for eighteen solo instruments,
520:
383:
201:
He also founded several musical institutions. In Paris he set up the
10326:
8298:
2843:
The French word has many meanings, including "splinter" and "burst".
2024:'s rehearsals. He also cited George Szell as an influential mentor.
1816:
1628:
1124:. In 1988 he made a series of six programmes for French television,
1101:
409:
In June 1945, Boulez was one of four Conservatoire students awarded
106:
12855:
11434:
11333:
10915:
10231:
8906:
8724:
8538:
8078:. Translated by John Brownjohn. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
7167:
Entretiens de Pierre Boulez, 1983â2013, recueillis par Bruno Serrou
7109:, edited by RosĂąngela Pereira de Tugny (in French). Paris: Fayard.
6958:
4886:
4882:"La Philharmonie de Paris a inauguré la grande salle Pierre Boulez"
4661:
WQXR Staff, "Pierre Boulez Breaks His Shoulder, Cancels in Lucerne"
4638:
2626:, Alex Ross described Boulez as "affable, implacable, unknowable".
2160:
began Wieland was already gravely ill and he died in October 1966.
1974:
1833:(1982â1985) for clarinet and electronics grew out of a fragment of
1537:. Messiaen had already made an experiment in this direction in his
908:
813:
270:
205:
in the 1950s to promote new music; in the 1970s he established the
11309:
8242:
2505:
made him vomit. It was five years before relations were restored.
1577:
1147:
885:
13249:
10413:
8319:
1880:
1657:
1485:
There followed two cantatas based on the poetry of René Char. Of
1309:), Mozart (Piano Concerto No.19 in F major K459) and Stravinsky (
1072:
788:
646:
111:
13710:
Recipients of the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture â Gloria Artis
8126:
6376:"Pierre Boulez: 'He was one of the naughtiest of great artists'"
1811:(1958). He was dissatisfied with both pieces and withdrew them.
339:, his father accompanied him, helped him to find a room (in the
304:
fell, the Germans took over and the city became a centre of the
110:. His uncompromising commitment to modernism and the trenchant,
8560:
4355:"Boulez and Stein Stage 'Pelleas' With Modern Nuances in Wales"
2771:
Messiaen was not appointed professor of composition until 1949.
1506:
1442:
later he re-used two of them in instrumental interludes in his
1272:
541:
495:
217:, a concert hall, museum and library dedicated to music in the
174:
13309:
9490:
9113:
7830:
To Boulez and Beyond: Music in Europe Since the Rite of Spring
7045:, collected and edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, translated by
5797:
Clements, Andrew and Tom Service (compilers) (24 March 2005).
4851:"Pierre Boulez, inhumé à Baden-Baden, célébré à Saint-Sulpice"
4483:"Unruly Paris Music Scene Relishes the Eclat Of a Boulez Coup"
3468:
Peyser (1976) 82â85; Di Pietro, 27â34; Boulez and Cage, 29â33.
2943:
Dialogue of the Double Shadow. The title refers to a scene in
1685:
Peyser observes that Boulez's use of chance is different from
811:
Wieland Wagner had already invited Boulez to conduct Wagner's
722:. It received its premiere in Donaueschingen in October 1962.
248:
13439:
8399:
7675:
The BBC Symphony Orchestra â The First Fifty Years, 1930â1980
6928:. Translated by Jonathan Griffin. London: Thames and Hudson.
4125:"Patrice Chéreau, Opera, Stage and Film Director, Dies at 68"
1708:) has the option of omitting certain passages altogether; in
1242:
1065:
732:
681:
conducted the first performance of Boulez's best-known work,
398:, the composer and follower of Schoenberg. The strict use of
209:(IRCAM), to foster research and innovation in music, and the
206:
13428:
7496:. BBC Promenade Concerts 1982 Season Brochure. London: BBC.
2715:. Among his many awards, Boulez listed the following in his
2168:
his notorious remarks in an interview the following year in
1064:âwhich was planned for the Beaubourg district of Paris. The
9268:
8096:
Stravinsky: The Second Exile: France and America, 1934-1971
7763:
Pierre Boulez and the Piano: A study in style and technique
7597:
New Music at Darmstadt. Nono, Stockhausen, Cage, and Boulez
7260:
Composer to ComposerâConversations about Contemporary Music
7124:, translated by Richard Stokes. London: Faber & Faber.
1849:
1595:
1429:
1200:
His two most substantial compositions from this period are
524:, my first discovery of the big world"); in 1948 they took
289:
7718:
Entretien avec Pierre Boulezâla naissance d'un compositeur
6244:"George Benjamin on Pierre Boulez: 'He was simply a poet'"
3225:
Samuel (2002), 24; Peyser (1976), 39; Barbedette, 212â213.
1929:
which, if performed, would practically double its length.
1825:
and electronic sounds, but rather a continuous spectrum."
1066:
Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique / Musique
760:
and Donaueschingen Festivals. This led to debuts with the
207:
Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique / Musique
13705:
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
13675:
Members of the German Academy for Language and Literature
9595:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
3024:"Mort de Jeanne Boulez-Chevalier, soeur de Pierre Boulez"
2622:, published shortly after Boulez's death under the title
1904:
started out in 1988 as a five-minute piece, dedicated to
1697:, whom Boulez met when he was visiting New York in 1952.
173:. His work in the opera house included the production of
10593:
7308:
Bradshaw, Susan. "The Instrumental and Vocal Music". In
6613:
5385:"Ivan Hewett's Classic 50 No 39: Pierre BoulezâDĂ©rive 1"
11504:
9394:
8477:
8058:. Translated by Camille Nash. Portland: Amadeus Press.
1916:. Boulez described it as "a sort of narrative mosaic".
1315:). Thereafter he cancelled all conducting engagements.
1079:, a virtuoso ensemble dedicated to contemporary music.
233:
13640:
Honorary commanders of the Order of the British Empire
13635:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
11087:
7699:
The Maestro Myth: Great Conductors in Pursuit of Power
7169:(in French). ChĂąteau-Gontier: Ăditions Aedam Musicae.
5131:
3654:
Peyser (1976), 145; Jameux, 114; Boulez and Cage, 224.
3375:
Barbedette, 213â215; Peyser (1976), 52â53; Merlin, 37.
3171:
Heyworth (1986), 4; Hill and Simeone, 139; O'Hagan, 9.
3153:
Peyser (1976), 24â25; Jameux, 6â7; Heyworth (1986), 4.
2634:
In an article published for Boulez's 80th birthday in
2336:
was released on video and LP by Philips; the Bayreuth
1644:(1957â1989), Boulez turned to the symbolist poetry of
633:
The Salle Popesco in Paris, formerly the Petit Marigny
607:
International Summer Course for New Music in Darmstadt
473:
gave the first public performances of Boulez's music (
13369:
7932:
The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century
7122:
Boulez on Conducting. Conversations with CĂ©cile Gilly
4935:
Bennett, 46â49; Jameux, 13; Campbell and O'Hagan, 29.
3975:
3973:
2990:
An article published shortly after Boulez's death in
2156:. However, by the time rehearsals for their Bayreuth
1948:
into a large-scale work for violin and orchestra for
1246:
Boulez at the Donaueschinger Musiktage 2008 with the
188:, and the world premiere of the three-act version of
13670:
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
13143:
Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
8794:
7722:
Interview with Pierre BoulezâThe Birth of a Composer
7181:
Campbell, Edward; O'Hagan, Peter (13 October 2016).
6844:] (in French). Paris: Librairie ArthĂšme Fayard.
3323:
3321:
3319:
2994:
quotes many of Boulez's more provocative statements.
2468:
in Switzerland (1960â63) and a visiting lecturer at
2327:
Pierre BoulezâThe Complete Columbia Album Collection
256:
1936) were preceded by another child called Pierre (
7724:] (in French). ChĂąteau-Gontier: Aedem Musicae.
5104:
4290:
4288:
4188:
4186:
1328:, begun in 1948. In 2013 he oversaw the release on
446:
343:) and subsidised him until he could earn a living.
13650:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society
7827:
7672:
7622:
7471:The Substance of Things HeardâWritings about Music
7456:. Hamburg: Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft GmBH.
6508:"Musicians Discuss the Influence of Pierre Boulez"
5534:
3970:
2707:State honours awarded to Boulez included Honorary
2178:record is certainly cleverer (and shorter) than a
1131:
493:engaged him to play the ondes for a production of
83:, playing an important role in the development of
13590:Edison Classical Music Awards Oeuvreprijs winners
9840:
8056:Conversations with Boulez: Thoughts on Conducting
7984:(in French). Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou.
5758:
5756:
5628:
5626:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5167:
5165:
5163:
4315:"CSO conductor emeritus Pierre Boulez dies at 90"
3531:Steinegger, 64â66; Hill and Simeone, 211 and 253.
3316:
3285:"Pierre Boulez: 'I was a bully, I'm not ashamed'"
2713:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2686:, was opened in Berlin under the auspices of the
2674:Philharmonie de Paris: Grande salle Pierre Boulez
1656:is straightforwardly syllabic, becomes ever more
1570:(1950â51; withdrawn) for 18 instruments, the two
898:
853:, but Malraux instead appointed the conservative
786:In 1963 Boulez conducted his first opera, Berg's
551:and initial versions of two cantatas on poems by
13555:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
13491:
6888:Pierre Boulez. Interviews with Michel Archimbaud
6884:Pierre Boulez. Entretiens avec Michel Archimbaud
6111:. Chicago Symphony Orchestra. 11 November 2014.
4634:"L'oeil vif et le geste précis de Pierre Boulez"
4285:
4183:
2754:
1972:, who was working on a reduction of Aeschylus's
1418:for solo piano (1944â45)) and then by Messiaen (
624:
161:âas well as that of his contemporaries, such as
10194:
7912:The Cleveland Orchestra Story, "Second to None"
7870:. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers Limited.
6340:
5792:
5790:
3471:
2678:In October 2016, the large concert hall of the
1693:, who was inspired by the mobile sculptures of
1355:Boulez's grave in Baden-Baden, 28 November 2016
346:
13720:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
13645:Honorary members of the Royal Academy of Music
6890:] (in French). Paris: Ăditions Gallimard.
5799:"A master who worked with a very small hammer"
5753:
5623:
5331:
5160:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
2487:
2437:Boulez's writings have appeared in English as
1386:
1287:, in a tour of six European cities of his own
276:As a child, Boulez took piano lessons, played
246:of east-central France, to LĂ©on and Marcelle (
13295:
13127:
11903:
11490:
11073:
10579:
10312:
10180:
9826:
9581:
9476:
9380:
9254:
9099:
8780:
8463:
8439:
8142:
7431:Modern Music and After: Directions Since 1945
7388:] (in French). Paris: Editions Slatkine.
7317:Heyworth, Peter. "The First Fifty Years". In
6867:] (in French). French: Ăditions Minerve.
6865:Interviews of Pierre Boulez with GĂ©rard Akoka
6861:Entretiens de Pierre Boulez avec GĂ©rard Akoka
6796:Boulez, Pierre, (26 March 1925â5 Jan. 2016),
6109:"Pierre Boulez at 90, part 2: for the record"
6085:. 2013. Deutsche Grammophon, 0289 477 9528 5.
5598:"Anne-Sophie Mutter, interview by Nick Shave"
5174:"theartsdesk Q&A: Composer Pierre Boulez"
5171:
4081:
4079:
3907:
3905:
3459:Peyser (1976), 60â61; Boulez and Cage, 41â48.
2496:Trois petites liturgies de la présence divine
382:Boulez moved to two small attic rooms in the
13715:Recipients of the LĂ©onie Sonning Music Prize
13680:Music directors of the New York Philharmonic
9802:
8756:List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions
7679:. London: British Broadcasting Corporation.
7561:. Revised by Paul Griffiths (8th ed.).
5955:Pierre Boulez, Le Domaine Musical, 1956â1967
5926:Boulez, ChĂ©reau, Peduzzi and Schmidt, 22â23.
5917:Boulez, ChĂ©reau, Peduzzi and Schmidt, 15â16.
5787:
5765:"Pierre Boulez, French Composer, Dies at 90"
5426:", in Boulez (1981), 201â02; Jameux, 114â16.
2709:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1952:, but the project did not come to fruition.
946:for a BBC Symphony Orchestra concert in 1972
662:(1957) and first performances of Messiaen's
362:Boulez's home in Paris between 1945 and 1958
238:Pierre Boulez was born on 26 March 1925, in
11917:
8385:Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger
7914:. Cleveland: Gray and Company, Publishers.
7105:Boulez, Pierre and André Schaeffner. 1998.
6098:. 2022. Deutsche Grammophon, 0289 486 0915.
5967:
5965:
5963:
3534:
2711:(CBE); and Knight Commander's Cross of the
2372:Pierre BoulezâThe Complete Erato Recordings
1368:, and Laurent Bayle, then president of the
439:in Paris: "I almost chose the career of an
13730:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists
13311:Robert Schumann Prize for Poetry and Music
13302:
13288:
13134:
13120:
11910:
11896:
11497:
11483:
11080:
11066:
10586:
10572:
10319:
10305:
10187:
10173:
9833:
9819:
9588:
9574:
9483:
9469:
9387:
9373:
9261:
9247:
9106:
9092:
8787:
8773:
8751:
8470:
8456:
8149:
8135:
8076:Acts. The Autobiography of Wolfgang Wagner
6800:. Oxford University Press, 1 December 2016
6470:
6413:Barbedette, 149â151, 34â35, 117, 153, 222.
5528:
5453:Vermeil, 207, 209 and 210; Jameux, 176â77.
4670:, 6 August 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
4563:
4218:
4216:
4085:
4076:
3902:
3827:Rosenberg, 378; Boulez (2017), 58 and 194.
3052:Peyser (1976), 21â22; Heyworth (1986), 3;
2960:The title of the work is a quotation from
2803:
2801:
2749:Robert Schumann Prize for Poetry and Music
2100:
1118:Invention, technique et langage en musique
733:1959â1971: International conducting career
573:, caused a scandal at its premiere at the
489:. In October 1946, the actor and director
366:Around the same time he was introduced to
296:) with a view to gaining admission to the
13630:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
7746:(in French). Paris: Les Ă©ditions Fayard.
5762:
4594:
4312:
4115:
4113:
3920:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3109:
3107:
2827:
2825:
2791:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2304:). He made a highly praised recording of
2014:
1789:
1778: ... which sets the pulses racing".
1302:Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene
743:Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra
595:Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano
27:French composer and conductor (1925â2016)
7790:Pierre Boulez: The Master and his Hammer
7629:. Translated by Susan Bradshaw. London:
7555:Hopkins, G.W. (2001). "Boulez, Pierre".
7316:
7307:
7137:Points de repĂšre, II: Regards sur autrui
6943:Barulich, Frances (September 1988). "".
6642:
6373:
6241:
6024:
5971:
5960:
5878:"Suddenly, Opera Is Everywhere in Paris"
5875:
5796:
5632:
5568:"CSO erases Boulez's latest 'Notations'"
5565:
4781:
4352:
4024:
3278:
3276:
2839:
2837:
2669:
2532:
2272:
2208:
2104:
2026:
1954:
1627:
1616:(1953â1955), described by Griffiths and
1460:
1364:in Paris, eulogists included Barenboim,
1350:
1241:
1226:
1146:
1116:From 1976 to 1995, he held the Chair in
1014:, a former railway turntable shed which
937:
774:
628:
450:
357:
31:
13545:Academic staff of the CollĂšge de France
11394:Afghanistan National Institute of Music
9270:BBC Symphony Orchestra Chief Conductors
8022:(CD Set). France: Deutsche Grammophon.
7786:Pierre Boulez: Le MaĂźtre et son marteau
7571:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03708
7410:. Oxford Studies of Composers. Oxford:
7299:Bennett, Gerald. "The Early Works". In
7298:
5957:. 2015. Universal Music Group, 4811510.
5283:Barbedette, 143; Borchardt-Hume, 70â71.
4747:. Salzburger Festspiele. Archived from
4628:
4511:
4480:
4458:. The Grawemeyer Awards. 20 July 2001.
4213:
3778:
3690:Steinegger, 260â68; Peyser (1976), 170.
3600:Walsh, 359; Heyworth (1986), 15 and 22.
3551:
3282:
3113:
2798:
2745:Gloria Artis Medal for Merit to Culture
2499:as "brothel music" and saying that the
2409:
1814:The first piece completed at IRCAM was
741:, where he had an arrangement with the
14:
13665:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
13660:Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy
13525:20th-century French conductors (music)
13492:
10329:Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition
8039:(in French). Wavre: Ăditions Mardaga.
8003:(in French). Paris: MĂ©moire du Livre.
7853:(CD Set). Hamburg: Erato-Disques S.A.
6505:
5838:"Sprengt die OpernhÀuser in die Luft!"
5660:Boulez (2003), 137; Boulez (2017), 37.
5382:
4679:
4256:
4254:
4135:from the original on 28 September 2015
4119:
4110:
3921:Schonberg, Harold C. (14 March 1969).
3733:
3522:Jameux, 65â67; Peyser (1976), 111â112.
3104:
3021:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2786:
2774:
2733:Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition
2317:as soprano soloist) and recordings of
1744:
1587:for two pianos (1951â52). Speaking of
1056:In 1970 Boulez was asked by President
13595:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize winners
13283:
13115:
11891:
11478:
11061:
10567:
10300:
10168:
9814:
9801:
9569:
9464:
9368:
9242:
9087:
8768:
8451:
8438:
8130:
7494:Boulez, Wagner and the Road to RĂ©pons
7356:The Musical Language of Pierre Boulez
7276:
6976:Alexander CalderâPerforming Sculpture
6775:from the original on 14 November 2023
6643:Clements, Andrew (4 September 2016).
6545:
6518:from the original on 14 November 2023
6328:from the original on 20 December 2023
6315:
6235:
5986:from the original on 13 February 2016
5002:from the original on 10 December 2023
4742:"Salzburg Mozartwoche Programme 2012"
4654:
4610:from the original on 26 December 2017
4462:from the original on 19 February 2016
4383:
4365:from the original on 13 February 2016
4273:from the original on 26 December 2017
4260:
4239:from the original on 13 February 2016
3699:
3273:
2834:
2725:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal
2702:
2354:with the Ensemble intercontemporain.
2221:in Bayreuth, Boulez originally asked
1638:For the text of his next major work,
1382:List of compositions by Pierre Boulez
710:Improvisations sur Mallarmé (I et II)
499:for the new company he and his wife,
198:. His recorded legacy is extensive.
125:and principal guest conductor of the
47:
13725:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
13446:
10595:LĂ©onie Sonning Music Prize Laureates
7532:Hill, Peter; Simeone, Nigel (2005).
7208:. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
7060:Boulez, Pierre and John Cage. 1990.
6594:from the original on 27 October 2016
6374:McBurney, Gerard (12 January 2016).
6272:
6196:Boulez, Pierre and André Schaeffner.
6025:Rockwell, John (30 September 1984).
5827:Boulez (2003), 8; Boulez (2017), 41.
5535:Wolfgang Schaufler (December 2010).
5172:Toronyi-Lalic, Igor (20 July 2012).
4880:Roux, Marie-Aude (26 October 2016).
4879:
4849:Roux, Marie-Aude (15 January 2016).
4848:
4527:from the original on 8 February 2016
4414:
4396:from the original on 7 February 2016
4386:"Schoenberg Masterpiece by Ear Only"
4263:"Pierre Boulez: biographie complĂšte"
4098:from the original on 13 October 2013
4086:Millington, Barry (8 October 2013).
4055:Peyser (1976), 245â46; Vermeil, 150.
3750:"Boulez and the blight of the opera"
3702:"The First Boulez-Wagner Production"
3672:Vermeil, 180â82; Boulez (2003), 4â5.
3216:Peyser (1976), 32â33; Jameux, 15â16.
1672:
1010:. In London he gave concerts at the
234:1925â1943: Childhood and school days
9396:Cleveland Orchestra Music Directors
8113:from the original on 10 August 2023
7959:Conversations with Olivier Messiaen
7809:Boulez: Composer, Conductor, Enigma
7077:Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship
7049:. London: Faber & Faber, 1986.
7013:Conversations with CĂ©lestin DeliĂšge
6564:from the original on 7 January 2018
6007:, Philips 6527 115, released 1981;
5974:"Pierre Boulez: 60 Years on Record"
5775:from the original on 6 January 2016
5395:from the original on 2 January 2017
4600:"Wagner Masters Offer Mahler Cycle"
4576:from the original on 5 January 2008
4384:Glass, Herbert (10 November 1996).
4353:Rockwell, John (24 February 1992).
4251:
4025:Clements, Andrew (18 August 2008).
3700:Weber, Hildegard (September 1966).
3564:from the original on 6 January 2016
3357:Boulez (2017), 165; Archimbaud, 39.
3283:Culshaw, Peter (10 December 2008).
3270:Barbedette, 212; Boulez (2017), 96.
3189:Heyworth (1986), 5; Archimbaud, 24.
3126:from the original on 4 January 2017
3034:from the original on 10 August 2018
3022:Decalf, Guillaume (9 August 2018).
2810:
2595:. He owned an old farmhouse in the
2439:Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship
1919:
1051:
951:first season, he conducted Liszt's
942:Boulez rehearsing with the pianist
24:
13530:20th-century French male musicians
6809:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U8205
6624:from the original on 26 March 2017
6386:from the original on 25 April 2016
6288:from the original on 6 August 2017
6242:Benjamin, George (20 March 2015).
6115:from the original on 2 August 2016
6063:from the original on 12 April 2016
5972:Clements, Andrew (26 March 2015).
5763:Griffiths, Paul (6 January 2016).
5383:Hewett, Ivan (26 September 2013).
5184:from the original on 19 March 2017
4692:from the original on 10 April 2016
4427:from the original on 11 March 2016
4313:von Rhein, John (7 January 2016).
4037:from the original on 30 March 2017
3809:Campbell and O'Hagan, 327 and 332.
3791:from the original on 28 March 2016
3779:Higgins, John (12 December 1969).
3756:. 7 September 1996. Archived from
3712:from the original on 25 April 2016
3339:from the original on 20 April 2016
3295:from the original on 22 April 2016
3114:Coleman, Terry (13 January 1989).
2735:, University of Louisville, 2001;
2544:Boulez read widely and identified
2185:In 1967, Boulez, theatre director
1523:
605:In July 1952, Boulez attended the
221:in Paris and, in Switzerland, the
25:
13751:
8156:
7262:. London: Quartet Books Limited.
6685:from the original on 14 July 2022
6655:from the original on 15 July 2022
6506:Woolfe, Zachary (20 March 2015).
6254:from the original on 8 April 2016
6037:from the original on 17 July 2022
5848:from the original on 5 March 2016
5809:from the original on 6 March 2014
5578:from the original on 11 June 2016
5566:Delacoma, Wynne (29 March 2006).
4989:
4861:from the original on 26 June 2022
4722:from the original on 6 April 2016
3899:Glock, 107 and 109; Vermeil, 191.
3552:Nichols, Roger (6 January 2016).
3504:Jameux 61â62, 71â72; Aguila, 156.
2903:What do you want from me, sonata?
1153:Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels
469:On 12 February 1946, the pianist
13735:Twelve-tone and serial composers
13535:21st-century classical composers
13515:20th-century classical composers
13472:
13455:
13427:
13415:
13403:
13391:
13379:
12609:
12239:
12206:
12187:
12098:
12058:
11990:
11957:
9780:
8750:
8559:
8421:
8420:
8285:Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna
7043:Orientations: Collected Writings
6787:
6757:
6745:from the original on 5 July 2022
6727:
6697:
6667:
6636:
6606:
6576:
6555:BibliothĂšque nationale de France
6539:
6530:
6499:
6461:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6398:
6367:
6358:
6349:
6309:
6300:
6266:
6226:
6217:
6208:
6199:
6190:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6136:
6127:
6101:
6088:
6075:
6049:
6018:
5998:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5902:
5890:from the original on 1 June 2016
5869:
5860:
5830:
5821:
5744:
5735:
5726:
5717:
5708:
5699:
5690:
5681:
5672:
5663:
5654:
5651:Barulich, 52; Boulez (1981), 26.
5645:
5633:Clements, Andrew (March 2016). "
5614:
5590:
5559:
5547:from the original on 4 June 2016
5537:"Pierre Boulez, About the Music"
5519:
5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5438:
5429:
5416:
5407:
5376:
5367:
5358:
5349:
5322:
5313:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5151:
5122:
5113:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5029:Campbell and O'Hagan, 93 and 96.
5023:
5014:
4983:
4974:
4965:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4929:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4873:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4794:from the original on 12 May 2016
4782:Clements, Andrew (11 May 2016).
4775:
4766:
4734:
4704:
4673:
4622:
4588:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4505:
4493:from the original on 4 June 2016
4474:
4448:
4439:
4408:
4377:
4346:
4337:
4325:from the original on 3 June 2016
4306:
4297:
4225:
4204:
4195:
4174:
4165:
4156:
3392:. 7 January 2016. Archived from
3390:Edinburgh International Festival
2984:
2971:
2954:
2937:
2928:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2739:, Glenn Gould Foundation, 2002;
2664:BibliothĂšque nationale de France
2651:to mark Boulez's 90th birthday,
2447:Orientations: Collected Writings
2325:. In 2014 Sony Classical issued
1760:Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna
1045:Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna
847:Edinburgh International Festival
530:Edinburgh International Festival
447:1946â1953: Early career in Paris
13610:French male classical composers
7015:. London: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd.
6905:Barbedette, Sarah, ed. (2015).
6316:Kohda, Claire (26 March 2015).
5876:Rockwell, John (10 June 1992).
4680:Hewett, Ivan (4 October 2011).
4201:Vermeil, 228, 231, 234 and 236.
4147:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4018:
4009:
4006:Vermeil, 205, 209, 211 and 216.
4000:
3991:
3982:
3961:
3952:
3943:
3914:
3893:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3772:
3724:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3307:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3198:Heyworth (1986), 9; Merlin, 28.
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3138:
2846:
2765:
1540:Mode de valeurs et d'intensités
1375:
1132:1992â2006: Return to conducting
737:In 1959, Boulez left Paris for
257:
253:
13600:French male conductors (music)
8035:Steinegger, Catherine (2012).
6974:Borchardt-Hume, Achim (2015).
6178:Goléa; Boulez (1976); Vermeil.
6011:, DG 2720 034, released 1971;
5422:Rocco, 67; "An Interview with
4481:Whitney, Craig (13 May 1996).
3414:Campbell and O'Hagan, 303â305.
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3046:
3015:
3006:
2885:Mode of Duration and Dynamics.
2876:Lament of the Lovesick Lizard.
1299:in a programme of Schoenberg (
1277:Pierre Boulez, Ćuvre: fragment
1151:Boulez at a conference at the
899:1971â1977: London and New York
320:Die Meistersinger von NĂŒrnberg
13:
1:
13695:People from Montbrison, Loire
13575:Conservatoire de Paris alumni
13540:21st-century French composers
13520:20th-century French composers
12682:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli
9842:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize
7849:Piencikowski, Robert (1990).
7834:. New York: Billboard Books.
7509:Heyworth, Peter, ed. (1973).
7475:University of Rochester Press
7382:Rencontres avec Pierre Boulez
7092:Points de repĂšre, I: Imaginer
6924:Barrault, Jean-Louis (1974).
6449:Peyser (1976), 33â34 and 113.
6187:Boulez, Pierre and John Cage.
6027:"Meeting of Musical Extremes"
6015:, DG 2711 024, released 1979.
5596:Shave, Nick. (October 2005).
3000:
2755:Notes, references and sources
2009:
1873:
1499:Complainte du lézard amoureux
1334:Pierre Boulez: Complete Works
1231:Boulez's last major work was
953:The Legend of Saint Elizabeth
625:1954â1959: Le Domaine musical
292:(a school established by the
13740:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates
8680:All-interval twelve-tone row
7999:Samuel, Claude, ed. (2002).
7980:Samuel, Claude, ed. (1986).
7965:. London: Stainer and Bell.
7588:UK public library membership
7511:Conversations with Klemperer
6705:"1st Pierre Boulez Biennial"
4566:"From the House of the Dead"
4415:Ross, Alex (9 August 2004).
3207:Barbedette, 212; Peyser, 30.
2807:The Hammer without a Master.
2574:Maria Helena Vieira da Silva
2249:
1564:His works in this idiom are
1444:Improvisation I sur Mallarmé
1412:Prelude, Toccata and Scherzo
754:Venezuela Symphony Orchestra
347:1943â1946: Musical education
228:
54:contemporary classical music
7:
13585:French electronic musicians
13580:Deutsche Grammophon artists
10196:Glenn Gould Prize laureates
8037:Pierre Boulez et le théùtre
7701:. New York: Citadel Press.
7386:Meetings with Pierre Boulez
7284:. London: Eulenburg Books.
7062:Correspondence et documents
6882:Archimbaud, Michel (2016).
6798:Who's Who & Who Was Who
6467:Merlin, 320â321 and 545â553
4015:Glock, 135; Kenyon, 391â95.
3923:"Music: A First for Boulez"
3818:Vermeil, 144â145 (note 27).
2488:Character and personal life
1387:Juvenilia and student works
903:Boulez first conducted the
800:again in April 1966 at the
49:[pjÉÊlwiÊozΔfbulÉz]
10:
13756:
13655:Ivor Novello Award winners
13605:French classical composers
11439:Ensemble intercontemporain
9492:Ensemble intercontemporain
8395:Ensemble InterContemporain
8327:Dialogue de l'ombre double
7784:Olivier, Philippe (2005).
7716:Meïmoun, François (2010).
7601:Cambridge University Press
7360:Cambridge University Press
7354:Goldman, Jonathan (2011).
7282:Pierre Boulez: A Symposium
7187:Cambridge University Press
6828:
6546:Staff (26 December 2017).
6496:. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
6057:"Pierre Boulez: Biography"
5669:Rosenberg, 383â84 and 398.
5462:Campbell and O'Hagan, 297.
4564:Tim Ashley (4 June 2007).
3609:Walsh, 385â387; Glock, 74.
3423:Campbell and O'Hagan, 4â5.
3386:"Pierre Boulez: 1925â2016"
1830:Dialogue de l'ombre double
1581:(1951â52; withdrawn), and
1379:
1283:Academy, with the soprano
1256:From the House of the Dead
1173:Théùtre du Chùtelet, Paris
1077:Ensemble intercontemporain
999:programme at a 2008 Prom.
211:Ensemble intercontemporain
127:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
41:Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez
13625:Glenn Gould Prize winners
13317:
13149:
13009:
12956:
12754:
12542:
12258:
11925:
11812:
11749:
11618:
11513:
11417:
11302:
11187:
11096:
11014:
10943:
10872:
10801:
10730:
10659:
10618:
10601:
10337:
10202:
9848:
9808:
9778:
9604:
9499:
9402:
9347:JiřĂ BělohlĂĄvek
9276:
9128:
8807:
8748:
8672:
8606:
8568:
8557:
8489:
8445:
8440:Links to related articles
8418:
8372:
8354:
8336:
8173:
8164:
8099:. London: Jonathan Cape.
8074:Wagner, Wolfgang (1994).
7937:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
7892:. London: Grafton Books.
7866:Ponsonby, Robert (2009).
7671:Kenyon, Nicholas (1981).
7452:Griffiths, Paul (1995b).
7429:Griffiths, Paul (1995a).
7318:
7309:
7300:
7235:10.1017/S0040298200025109
7204:Di Pietro, Rocco (2001).
7107:Correspondence, 1954â1970
6318:"Boulez in his own words"
5611:. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
5541:Universal Edition website
5292:Gardner and O'Hagan, 179.
3890:Vermeil, 189; Glock, 106.
2629:
2111:1976 centenary production
1477:(1946â49) the biographer
1027:1976 centenary production
184:for the centenary of the
121:, chief conductor of the
13700:Pupils of René Leibowitz
12358:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
11249:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
10697:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
9889:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
9803:Awards for Pierre Boulez
9193:Gottfried Michael Koenig
8962:Gottfried Michael Koenig
8363:Ainsi parla Zarathoustra
8271:Cummings ist der Dichter
7536:. New Haven and London:
7492:Heyworth, Peter (1982).
7469:Griffiths, Paul (2005).
6735:"Pierre Boulez Biennial"
5635:Pierre Boulez, 1925â2016
5355:Griffiths (1978), 58â59.
5083:Griffiths (1978), 18â19.
4666:11 November 2005 at the
4261:Staff (8 January 2016).
3781:"Boulez in the Wardrobe"
3554:"Pierre Boulez obituary"
3329:"Pierre Boulezâobituary"
2783:The Nuptial Countenance.
2759:
2292:) and the Covent Garden
2033:Concertgebouw, Amsterdam
1721:Cummings ist der Dichter
1433:and the work in progress
1221:Lucerne Festival Academy
1068:(IRCAM) opened in 1977.
542:civil unrest in May 1968
223:Lucerne Festival Academy
13012:record label executives
12274:Victoria de los Ăngeles
11919:Gramophone Hall of Fame
11850:Michelangelo Pistoletto
11791:Michelangelo Pistoletto
10638:Witold Lutosławski
9120:DarmstÀdter Ferienkurse
8236:FiguresâDoublesâPrismes
8093:Walsh, Stephen (2006).
8018:Samuel, Claude (2013).
7765:. London and New York:
7761:O'Hagan, Peter (2017).
7654:Oxford University Press
7652:. Oxford and New York:
7648:Jampol, Joshua (2010).
7563:Oxford University Press
7454:Boulez: Exploding-Fixed
7435:Oxford University Press
7412:Oxford University Press
7337:Oxford University Press
7150:Boulez, Pierre. 2005b.
7135:Boulez, Pierre. 2005a.
6618:Barenboim-Said Akademie
6059:. Deutsche Grammophon.
5866:Heyworth (1986), 31â32.
5741:Heyworth (1986), 25â26.
5229:Peyser (1976), 141â143.
4992:"Musical Metamorphoses"
4222:Samuel (2002), 421â422.
4210:Vermeil, 226, 230, 233.
4027:"Prom 40, BBCSO/Boulez"
3627:Peyser (1976), 131â137.
2597:Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
2370:. In 2015 Erato issued
2368:FiguresâDoublesâPrismes
2115:Der Ring des Nibelungen
2101:Work in the opera house
1738:FiguresâDoublesâPrismes
1275:mounted the exhibition
1195:Christoph Schlingensief
1071:Boulez's model was the
1062:Centre Georges Pompidou
1032:Der Ring des Nibelungen
804:in a new production by
794:Opéra National de Paris
766:Bavarian Radio Symphony
762:Amsterdam Concertgebouw
575:Donaueschingen Festival
549:first two piano sonatas
370:, wife of the composer
89:controlled chance music
13620:French music theorists
13550:BBC Symphony Orchestra
11583:Eduardo Souto de Moura
9443:Christoph von DohnĂĄnyi
9323:Gennady Rozhdestvensky
9022:Second Viennese School
8685:All-trichord hexachord
8633:Second Viennese School
8222:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
8054:Vermeil, Jean (1996).
8020:Boulez: Complete Works
7595:Iddon, Martin (2013).
7165:Boulez, Pierre. 2017.
7120:Boulez, Pierre. 2003.
7090:Boulez, Pierre. 1995.
7075:Boulez, Pierre. 1991.
7041:Boulez, Pierre. 1986.
7011:Boulez, Pierre. 1976.
6996:Boulez, Pierre. 1971.
6859:Akoka, GĂ©rard (2015).
6836:Aguila, Jesus (1992).
6142:Boulez (1991), 209â14.
6083:Boulez Conducts Mahler
5516:Griffiths (2005), 102.
5498:Griffiths (2005), 105.
5274:Peyser (1976), 126â129
5256:Samuel (2002), 424â25.
5148:Hopkins and Griffiths.
4839:Merlin, 548â9 and 552.
3441:Samuel (2002), 421â22.
3116:"Pierre de RĂ©sistance"
2795:The Sun of the Waters,
2688:BarenboimâSaid Academy
2675:
2541:
2538:Senecio, Head of a Man
2474:Richard Rodney Bennett
2281:
2256:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
2214:
2122:
2036:
2015:Approach to conducting
1960:
1790:Works with electronics
1635:
1613:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
1597:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
1471:Chamber Symphony No. 1
1356:
1250:
1156:
947:
905:BBC Symphony Orchestra
783:
684:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
634:
466:
363:
337:Conservatoire de Paris
323:) and met the soprano
242:, a small town in the
159:Second Viennese School
123:BBC Symphony Orchestra
95:Le Marteau sans maĂźtre
65:Conservatoire de Paris
37:
13226:Karlheinz Stockhausen
12926:Mstislav Rostropovich
12498:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
12230:Michael Tilson Thomas
11680:Mstislav Rostropovich
11213:Karlheinz Stockhausen
11138:Mstislav Rostropovich
11034:Pierre-Laurent Aimard
10744:Mstislav Rostropovich
10111:Pierre-Laurent Aimard
9925:Karlheinz Stockhausen
9865:Mstislav Rostropovich
9597:New York Philharmonic
9223:Karlheinz Stockhausen
9054:Karlheinz Stockhausen
9012:Einojuhani Rautavaara
8479:Twelve-tone technique
8264:...explosante-fixe...
7826:Peyser, Joan (1999).
7807:Peyser, Joan (1976).
7538:Yale University Press
7258:Ford, Andrew (1993).
7206:Dialogues with Boulez
7183:Pierre Boulez Studies
6998:Boulez on Music Today
6926:Memories for Tomorrow
6769:Philharmonie de Paris
6739:Philharmonie de Paris
6709:Philharmonie de Paris
6588:Philharmonie de Paris
6486:23 March 2016 at the
6133:Boulez (1981), 12â13.
5844:. 25 September 1967.
5723:Heyworth (1973), 120.
5110:Griffiths (1978), 16.
5101:Boulez (1975), 41â42.
5020:Griffiths (1978), 49.
4235:. College de France.
3997:Vermeil, 205 and 209.
3988:Vermeil, 228 and 239.
3872:Samuel (2002), 426â27
3863:Griffiths (1978), 52.
3252:Peyser (1976), 31â32.
3101:Peyser (1976), 23â24.
3083:Boulez (1976), 10â11.
3065:Peyser (1976), 23â25.
2912:Cummings is the Poet.
2694:four performances of
2680:Philharmonie de Paris
2673:
2536:
2508:In a 2000 article in
2502:TurangalĂźla-Symphonie
2461:(from 1954 to 1970).
2443:Boulez on Music Today
2384:...explosante-fixe...
2276:
2242:The Perfect Wagnerite
2212:
2121:, conducted by Boulez
2108:
2031:Boulez conducting at
2030:
1958:
1631:
1461:First published works
1370:Philharmonie de Paris
1354:
1248:SWR Sinfonieorchester
1245:
1227:2006â2016: Last years
1203:...explosante-fixe...
1150:
941:
929:New York Philharmonic
907:in February 1964, at
778:
708:In January 1958, the
632:
586:Karlheinz Stockhausen
454:
400:twelve-tone technique
361:
329:Conservatoire de Lyon
119:New York Philharmonic
71:, and privately with
35:
13570:Composers for violin
13178:Johann Nepomuk David
13010:Producers/engineers/
12477:Anne Sofie von Otter
12068:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
11644:Krzysztof Penderecki
11128:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
10922:Lars Ulrik Mortensen
10827:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
10378:Krzysztof Penderecki
10099:Christoph Eschenbach
10021:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
9961:H. C. Robbins Landon
8997:Krzysztof Penderecki
8952:Josef Matthias Hauer
8892:André Boucourechliev
8847:Osvaldas Balakauskas
8628:Josef Matthias Hauer
8593:Retrograde inversion
8345:A Garland for Dr. K.
8167:List of compositions
6909:. Paris: Actes Sud.
6614:"Pierre Boulez Saal"
6404:Archimbaud, 152â153.
6151:Glock (1991), 89â90.
6096:Boulez the Conductor
5620:Heyworth (1986), 29.
5603:2 April 2018 at the
5074:Jameux, 23, 40, 257.
4996:Klaver-Festival Ruhr
4718:. Barbara Hannigan.
4632:(29 November 2011).
4456:"2001âPierre Boulez"
4303:Samuel 2002, 419â20.
3979:Heyworth (1986), 36.
3618:Barbedette, 216â218.
2618:In his portrait for
2416:Jean-Jacques Nattiez
2410:Writing and teaching
2351:The Perfect Stranger
2302:Elisabeth Söderström
2294:Pelléas et Mélisande
1269:Staatskapelle Berlin
1267:symphonies with the
1263:gave a cycle of the
1183:Dutch National Opera
1175:); and Schoenberg's
1169:Welsh National Opera
1165:Pelléas et Mélisande
984:Peter Maxwell Davies
835:Pelléas et Mélisande
503:, had formed at the
333:Vladimir de Pachmann
13615:French male writers
13565:Composers for piano
13560:Composers for cello
13000:The Tallis Scholars
12965:Alban Berg Quartett
12703:Sergei Rachmaninoff
12421:Dmitri Hvorostovsky
12089:Herbert von Karajan
12075:Christopher Hogwood
12049:Carlo Maria Giulini
12042:John Eliot Gardiner
12035:Wilhelm FurtwÀngler
11609:Yoshiharu Tsukamoto
10910:John Eliot Gardiner
10685:Dmitri Shostakovich
10552:Aleksandra Vrebalov
10354:Harrison Birtwistle
9979:Harrison Birtwistle
9871:Herbert von Karajan
9717:Dimitri Mitropoulos
9163:NiccolĂČ Castiglioni
8917:NiccolĂČ Castiglioni
8710:Formula composition
7929:Ross, Alex (2007).
7811:. London: Cassell.
7312:, pp. 127â229.
6479:(25 January 2016).
6431:Peyser (1976), 171.
6355:Peyser (1976), 116.
6306:Boulez (1991), 113.
6232:Samuel (1976), 111.
6214:Peyser (1976), 134.
5714:Peyser (1976), 210.
5696:Peyser (1976), 147.
5507:Boulez (2017), 249.
5310:Boulez (2003), 101.
5265:Boulez (1986), 143.
5065:Samuel (2002), 422.
4980:Samuel (2002), 428.
4908:MeĂŻmoun, 15 (note).
4445:Samuel (2002), 429.
4319:The Chicago Tribune
4180:Barbedette, 219â21.
3854:Samuel (2002), 425.
2949:Le Soulier de satin
2723:, Stockholm, 1996;
2560:and owned works by
2540:(1922) by Paul Klee
2466:Basel Music Academy
2163:When the Frankfurt
1809:Poésie pour pouvoir
1745:Middle-period works
1514:Second Piano Sonata
1424:ThĂšme et variations
1346:Musée de la Musique
1330:Deutsche Grammophon
1293:Vienna Philharmonic
1035:. The director was
980:Harrison Birtwistle
866:Cleveland Orchestra
770:Berlin Philharmonic
747:Poésie pour pouvoir
491:Jean-Louis Barrault
456:Jean-Louis Barrault
417:Simone Plé-Caussade
298:Ăcole Polytechnique
219:Parc de la Villette
139:Berlin Philharmonic
135:Vienna Philharmonic
131:Cleveland Orchestra
12986:The King's Singers
12919:Jean-Pierre Rampal
12891:Anne-Sophie Mutter
12710:Sviatoslav Richter
12607:Marc-André Hamelin
12572:Vladimir Ashkenazy
12302:Montserrat Caballé
12007:Sergiu Celibidache
11573:David Chipperfield
11561:Ălvaro Siza Vieira
11531:Giancarlo De Carlo
11507:Wolf Prize in Arts
11408:Playing for Change
11404:Anne-Sophie Mutter
11289:José Antonio Abreu
11118:Witold LutosĆawski
10886:Anne-Sophie Mutter
10774:Sviatoslav Richter
10738:Marie-Claire Alain
10715:Jean-Pierre Rampal
10667:Sergiu Celibidache
10342:Witold LutosĆawski
10250:José Antonio Abreu
10057:Anne-Sophie Mutter
10015:Reinhold Brinkmann
9907:Witold LutosĆawski
9609:Ureli Corelli Hill
9545:Matthias Pintscher
9178:Franco Evangelisti
8972:Witold LutosĆawski
8937:Luigi Dallapiccola
8832:Hans Erich Apostel
8201:Livre pour quatuor
8194:Le Soleil des eaux
8187:Le Visage nuptialâ
7558:Grove Music Online
7028:Histoire d'un Ring
6679:Park Avenue Armory
6512:The New York Times
6422:Barbedette, 54â55.
6169:Boulez (1981), 14.
6031:The New York Times
5883:The New York Times
5769:The New York Times
5413:Peyser (1976), 67.
5247:Boulez (1976), 94.
5220:Boulez (1976), 93.
5211:Boulez (1976), 67.
5128:Peyser (1976), 32.
4830:Barbedette, 12â13.
4604:The New York Times
4515:(26 August 2015).
4487:The New York Times
4359:The New York Times
4153:Simon (2002), 427.
4129:The New York Times
4123:(7 October 2013).
3930:The New York Times
3645:Barbedette, 46â48.
3486:Peyser (1976), 76.
3450:Peyser (1976), 66.
3432:Boulez (2017), 68.
3335:. 6 January 2016.
3261:Peyser (1976), 32.
3162:Peyser (1976), 24.
3144:Boulez (2003), 17.
3074:Boulez (2017), 21.
2703:Honours and awards
2676:
2649:The New York Times
2604:The New York Times
2542:
2521:dodecaphonic music
2470:Harvard University
2432:The Rite of Spring
2364:Le Soleil des eaux
2306:The Rite of Spring
2282:
2264:and Stockhausen's
2217:For the centenary
2215:
2189:and choreographer
2123:
2091:The New York Times
2046:Pierre Souvchinsky
2037:
1961:
1950:Anne-Sophie Mutter
1848:1991 and 1993 for
1702:Third Piano Sonata
1636:
1607:Structures, Book I
1589:Structures, Book I
1584:Structures, Book I
1546:Livre pour quatuor
1495:Le Soleil des eaux
1475:Piano Sonata No. 1
1357:
1338:The Rite of Spring
1325:Livre pour quatuor
1251:
1217:Cité de la musique
1157:
948:
913:Vladimir Ashkenazy
859:Nouvel Observateur
824:Tristan und Isolde
784:
635:
564:Le Soleil des eaux
538:Théùtre de l'Odéon
467:
364:
341:7th arrondissement
215:Cité de la musique
85:integral serialism
38:
13367:
13366:
13361:
13360:
13277:
13276:
13244:Sofia Gubaidulina
13208:Hans Werner Henze
13190:Helmut Lachenmann
13109:
13108:
13100:Kenneth Wilkinson
13081:Goddard Lieberson
12800:Jacqueline du Pré
12717:Arthur Rubinstein
12626:Vladimir Horowitz
12484:Luciano Pavarotti
12216:Leopold Stokowski
12150:Yevgeny Mravinsky
12129:Charles Mackerras
11967:Leonard Bernstein
11885:
11884:
11797:Rosemarie Trockel
11626:Vladimir Horowitz
11505:Laureates of the
11472:
11471:
11463:Esa-Pekka Salonen
11400:Grandmaster Flash
11223:Sofia Gubaidulina
11154:Bruce Springsteen
11090:Polar Music Prize
11088:Laureates of the
11055:
11054:
10987:Herbert Blomstedt
10863:Sofia Gubaidulina
10857:Hildegard Behrens
10833:Krystian Zimerman
10673:Arthur Rubinstein
10626:Leonard Bernstein
10561:
10560:
10498:Michel van der Aa
10492:Esa-Pekka Salonen
10462:Sebastian Currier
10294:
10293:
10208:R. Murray Schafer
10162:
10161:
10051:Brian Ferneyhough
9991:Helmut Lachenmann
9949:Hans Werner Henze
9931:Leonard Bernstein
9795:
9794:
9789:
9788:
9723:Leonard Bernstein
9711:Leopold Stokowski
9681:Willem Mengelberg
9563:
9562:
9458:
9457:
9449:Franz Welser-Möst
9362:
9361:
9236:
9235:
9081:
9080:
9032:Arnold Schoenberg
8762:
8761:
8715:Modernism (music)
8643:Arnold Schoenberg
8432:
8431:
8257:Livre pour cordes
8106:978-0-224-06078-3
8085:978-0-297-81349-1
8065:978-1-57467-007-3
8046:978-2-8047-0090-4
8010:978-2-913867-14-7
7991:978-2-85850-342-1
7972:978-0-85249-308-3
7946:978-0-374-24939-7
7921:978-1-886228-24-5
7908:Rosenberg, Donald
7899:978-0-246-13311-3
7877:978-1-900357-29-6
7841:978-0-8108-5877-0
7818:978-0-304-29901-0
7799:978-2-7056-6531-9
7776:978-0-7546-5319-6
7753:978-2-213-70492-0
7740:Merlin, Christian
7731:978-2-919046-00-3
7708:978-0-8065-2088-9
7686:978-0-563-17617-6
7663:978-0-19-538138-2
7640:978-0-571-13744-2
7631:Faber & Faber
7619:Jameux, Dominique
7610:978-1-107-03329-0
7586:(subscription or
7580:978-1-56159-263-0
7547:978-0-300-10907-8
7524:978-0-571-13561-5
7515:Faber & Faber
7484:978-1-58046-206-8
7444:978-0-19-816511-8
7421:978-0-19-315442-1
7395:978-2-05-000205-0
7369:978-1-107-67320-5
7346:978-0-19-816192-9
7303:, pp. 41â84.
7291:978-0-903873-12-3
7269:978-0-7043-7061-6
7215:978-0-8108-3932-8
7196:978-1-107-06265-8
7175:978-2-919046-34-8
7160:978-2-267-01757-1
7145:978-2-267-01750-2
7130:978-0-571-21967-4
7115:978-2-213-60093-2
7100:978-2-267-01286-6
7085:978-0-19-311210-0
7070:978-3-905049-37-4
7055:978-0-571-13835-7
7036:978-2-253-02853-6
7021:978-0-903873-22-2
7006:978-0-674-08006-5
6989:978-1-84976-344-8
6935:978-0-500-01086-0
6916:978-2-330-04796-2
6897:978-2-07-041828-2
6874:978-2-86931-138-1
6851:978-2-213-02952-8
6818:978-0-19-954089-1
6771:. 12 April 2023.
6765:"Boulez Biennial"
6440:Boulez 2017, 117.
6276:(10 April 2000).
5732:Vermeil, 179â244.
5678:Boulez (2003), 4.
5572:Chicago Sun-Times
5489:Goldman, 169â172.
5480:Griffiths (1995b)
4754:on 22 August 2012
4390:Los Angeles Times
3967:Vermeil, 202â203.
2894:Book for Quartet.
2831:Poetry for Power.
2737:Glenn Gould Prize
2721:Polar Music Prize
2602:In its obituary,
2360:Le Visage nuptial
2280:(1927) by Man Ray
2278:Arnold Schoenberg
2119:Bayreuth Festival
2003:Waiting for Godot
1867:âŠexplosante-fixeâŠ
1844:âŠexplosante-fixeâŠ
1673:Controlled chance
1646:Stéphane Mallarmé
1633:Stéphane Mallarmé
1487:Le Visage nuptial
1437:Boulez completed
1187:Salzburg Festival
1138:Salzburg Festival
1126:Boulez XXe siĂšcle
1122:CollĂšge de France
1111:Le Visage nuptial
1008:Greenwich Village
1004:Avery Fisher Hall
933:Leonard Bernstein
819:Bayreuth Festival
677:On 18 June 1955,
665:Oiseaux exotiques
558:Le Visage nuptial
441:ethnomusicologist
368:Andrée Vaurabourg
186:Bayreuth Festival
81:avant-garde music
73:Andrée Vaurabourg
16:(Redirected from
13747:
13485:
13477:
13476:
13475:
13468:
13460:
13459:
13458:
13448:
13432:
13431:
13420:
13419:
13418:
13408:
13407:
13406:
13396:
13395:
13394:
13384:
13383:
13382:
13375:
13304:
13297:
13290:
13281:
13280:
13220:Alfred Schnittke
13202:Olivier Messiaen
13172:Wolfgang Fortner
13136:
13129:
13122:
13113:
13112:
13102:
13095:
13090:
13083:
13076:
13069:
13062:
13057:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13029:
13022:
13002:
12995:
12988:
12981:
12974:
12967:
12949:
12942:
12935:
12928:
12921:
12914:
12907:
12900:
12893:
12886:
12879:
12872:
12865:
12858:
12851:
12844:
12837:
12830:
12823:
12816:
12809:
12802:
12795:
12788:
12781:
12774:
12767:
12757:woodwind players
12747:
12740:
12733:
12726:
12719:
12712:
12705:
12698:
12696:Maurizio Pollini
12691:
12684:
12677:
12670:
12663:
12656:
12654:Gustav Leonhardt
12649:
12642:
12635:
12628:
12621:
12614:
12613:
12602:
12595:
12588:
12581:
12574:
12567:
12560:
12553:
12551:Leif Ove Andsnes
12535:
12533:Fritz Wunderlich
12528:
12521:
12514:
12507:
12500:
12493:
12486:
12479:
12472:
12465:
12458:
12451:
12444:
12442:Simon Keenlyside
12437:
12430:
12428:Gundula Janowitz
12423:
12416:
12409:
12402:
12395:
12388:
12386:Nicolai Ghiaurov
12381:
12379:Angela Gheorghiu
12374:
12367:
12365:Kirsten Flagstad
12360:
12353:
12351:Kathleen Ferrier
12346:
12339:
12332:
12330:Feodor Chaliapin
12325:
12318:
12311:
12304:
12297:
12290:
12283:
12276:
12269:
12251:
12244:
12243:
12237:Arturo Toscanini
12232:
12225:
12218:
12211:
12210:
12199:
12192:
12191:
12180:
12173:
12166:
12159:
12152:
12145:
12138:
12136:Neville Marriner
12131:
12124:
12117:
12110:
12103:
12102:
12091:
12084:
12077:
12070:
12063:
12062:
12051:
12044:
12037:
12030:
12023:
12016:
12014:Riccardo Chailly
12009:
12002:
12000:Benjamin Britten
11995:
11994:
11983:
11976:
11969:
11962:
11961:
11950:
11948:Daniel Barenboim
11943:
11936:
11912:
11905:
11898:
11889:
11888:
11844:Louise Bourgeois
11820:Eduardo Chillida
11785:Louise Bourgeois
11684:Daniel Barenboim
11630:Olivier Messiaen
11601:Elizabeth Diller
11499:
11492:
11485:
11476:
11475:
11082:
11075:
11068:
11059:
11058:
11022:Barbara Hannigan
10993:Leonidas Kavakos
10934:Daniel Barenboim
10709:Olivier Messiaen
10644:Benjamin Britten
10588:
10581:
10574:
10565:
10564:
10486:Louis Andriessen
10450:George Tsontakis
10432:Aaron Jay Kernis
10408:Simon Bainbridge
10321:
10314:
10307:
10298:
10297:
10280:Alanis Obomsawin
10189:
10182:
10175:
10166:
10165:
10135:Georges Aperghis
10129:Tabea Zimmermann
10123:Rebecca Saunders
10045:Daniel Barenboim
9985:Maurizio Pollini
9859:Olivier Messiaen
9853:Benjamin Britten
9835:
9828:
9821:
9812:
9811:
9799:
9798:
9784:
9687:Arturo Toscanini
9639:Adolf Neuendorff
9627:Leopold Damrosch
9615:Theodore Eisfeld
9590:
9583:
9576:
9567:
9566:
9556:
9548:
9540:
9532:
9524:
9516:
9508:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9462:
9461:
9407:Nikolai Sokoloff
9389:
9382:
9375:
9366:
9365:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9240:
9239:
9208:Olivier Messiaen
9183:Karel Goeyvaerts
9115:Darmstadt School
9108:
9101:
9094:
9085:
9084:
9064:Charles Wuorinen
9049:Nikos Skalkottas
8942:Karel Goeyvaerts
8822:Louis Andriessen
8789:
8782:
8775:
8766:
8765:
8754:
8753:
8673:Related articles
8655:Charles Wuorinen
8563:
8497:Combinatoriality
8472:
8465:
8458:
8449:
8448:
8436:
8435:
8424:
8423:
8373:Related articles
8355:Incidental music
8151:
8144:
8137:
8128:
8127:
8122:
8120:
8118:
8089:
8069:
8050:
8031:
8014:
7995:
7976:
7963:Felix Aprahamian
7961:. Translated by
7950:
7925:
7903:
7881:
7862:
7845:
7833:
7822:
7803:
7780:
7757:
7735:
7712:
7695:Lebrecht, Norman
7690:
7678:
7667:
7644:
7628:
7614:
7591:
7584:
7551:
7528:
7505:
7488:
7465:
7448:
7425:
7399:
7373:
7350:
7333:Notes in Advance
7322:
7321:, pp. 3â40.
7313:
7304:
7295:
7273:
7254:
7219:
7200:
6993:
6970:
6939:
6920:
6901:
6878:
6855:
6823:
6822:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6715:on 6 August 2020
6711:. Archived from
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6563:
6552:
6543:
6537:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6503:
6497:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6432:
6429:
6423:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6405:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6356:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6224:
6221:
6215:
6212:
6206:
6203:
6197:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6143:
6140:
6134:
6131:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6105:
6099:
6092:
6086:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6022:
6016:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5969:
5958:
5951:
5945:
5944:Barbedette, 183.
5942:
5936:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5918:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5834:
5828:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5760:
5751:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5697:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5630:
5621:
5618:
5612:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5532:
5526:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5444:Heyworth (1982).
5442:
5436:
5433:
5427:
5424:Dominique Jameux
5420:
5414:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5319:Goldman, xvâxvi.
5317:
5311:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5169:
5158:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5129:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4990:Bleek, Thobias.
4987:
4981:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4712:"Pierre Boulez:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4677:
4671:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4596:Oestreich, James
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4545:Barbedette, 224.
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4350:
4344:
4343:Vermeil, 242â43.
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4294:Barbedette, 223.
4292:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4269:. Radio France.
4258:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4192:Barbedette, 221.
4190:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4083:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3968:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3900:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3760:on 10 April 2016
3746:
3731:
3730:Vermeil, 192â98.
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3549:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3477:Barbedette, 214.
3475:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3325:
3314:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3280:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3111:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3019:
3013:
3010:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2832:
2829:
2820:
2817:
2808:
2805:
2796:
2793:
2784:
2781:
2772:
2769:
2731:, Israel, 2000;
2570:Nicolas de Staël
2528:Roger DĂ©sormiĂšre
2478:Jean-Claude Ăloy
2459:André Schaeffner
2427:Jonathan Goldman
1920:Unfinished works
1805:Pierre Schaeffer
1695:Alexander Calder
1681:
1668:
1573:musique concrĂšte
1479:Dominique Jameux
1420:Trois psalmodies
1312:Pulcinella Suite
1285:Barbara Hannigan
1261:Daniel Barenboim
1052:1977â1992: IRCAM
855:Marcel Landowski
534:Laurence Olivier
501:Madeleine Renaud
479:Trois Psalmodies
464:Carl Van Vechten
460:Madeleine Renaud
437:Musée de l'Homme
429:African drumming
376:Olivier Messiaen
353:Georges Dandelot
302:Vichy government
259:
255:
244:Loire department
69:Olivier Messiaen
51:
46:
21:
13755:
13754:
13750:
13749:
13748:
13746:
13745:
13744:
13490:
13489:
13488:
13478:
13473:
13471:
13461:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13447:sister projects
13444:at Knowledge's
13438:
13426:
13416:
13414:
13404:
13402:
13398:Classical music
13392:
13390:
13380:
13378:
13370:
13368:
13363:
13362:
13357:
13334:Aribert Reimann
13313:
13308:
13278:
13273:
13238:Adriana Hölszky
13214:Aribert Reimann
13160:Philipp Jarnach
13145:
13140:
13110:
13105:
13098:
13093:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13065:
13060:
13053:
13046:
13039:
13032:
13025:
13018:
13011:
13005:
12998:
12991:
12984:
12979:Beaux Arts Trio
12977:
12972:Amadeus Quartet
12970:
12963:
12952:
12945:
12938:
12931:
12924:
12917:
12910:
12903:
12896:
12889:
12884:Nathan Milstein
12882:
12875:
12868:
12863:Wynton Marsalis
12861:
12854:
12847:
12840:
12835:Steven Isserlis
12833:
12826:
12819:
12814:Arthur Grumiaux
12812:
12805:
12798:
12793:Kyung Wha Chung
12791:
12784:
12777:
12770:
12763:
12756:
12750:
12743:
12738:Grigory Sokolov
12736:
12729:
12722:
12715:
12708:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12680:
12673:
12666:
12659:
12652:
12645:
12638:
12631:
12624:
12617:
12605:
12600:Friedrich Gulda
12598:
12591:
12584:
12577:
12570:
12563:
12558:Martha Argerich
12556:
12549:
12538:
12531:
12524:
12517:
12510:
12505:Joan Sutherland
12503:
12496:
12489:
12482:
12475:
12468:
12461:
12454:
12447:
12440:
12433:
12426:
12419:
12412:
12405:
12398:
12391:
12384:
12377:
12370:
12363:
12356:
12349:
12344:PlĂĄcido Domingo
12342:
12335:
12328:
12321:
12314:
12307:
12300:
12293:
12288:Cecilia Bartoli
12286:
12279:
12272:
12265:
12254:
12247:
12235:
12228:
12221:
12214:
12202:
12195:
12183:
12176:
12171:Antonio Pappano
12169:
12162:
12155:
12148:
12141:
12134:
12127:
12120:
12113:
12106:
12094:
12087:
12080:
12073:
12066:
12056:Bernard Haitink
12054:
12047:
12040:
12033:
12028:Gustavo Dudamel
12026:
12019:
12012:
12005:
11998:
11986:
11979:
11972:
11965:
11953:
11946:
11941:John Barbirolli
11939:
11932:
11921:
11916:
11886:
11881:
11866:Lawrence Weiner
11862:Laurie Anderson
11856:Olafur Eliasson
11826:Claes Oldenburg
11808:
11779:Gerhard Richter
11745:
11700:PlĂĄcido Domingo
11614:
11589:Phyllis Lambert
11509:
11503:
11473:
11468:
11449:Angélique Kidjo
11445:Chris Blackwell
11413:
11374:Cecilia Bartoli
11314:Ennio Morricone
11298:
11183:
11114:Dizzy Gillespie
11092:
11086:
11056:
11051:
11010:
11005:Hans Abrahamsen
10951:Cecilia Bartoli
10939:
10868:
10797:
10726:
10655:
10650:Boris Christoff
10614:
10609:Igor Stravinsky
10597:
10592:
10562:
10557:
10546:Julian Anderson
10510:Hans Abrahamsen
10468:Peter Lieberson
10402:Ivan Tcherepnin
10390:TĆru Takemitsu
10372:John Corigliano
10333:
10332:
10325:
10295:
10290:
10286:Gustavo Dudamel
10198:
10193:
10163:
10158:
10147:George Benjamin
10081:Friedrich Cerha
10075:Aribert Reimann
10039:Henri Dutilleux
10003:Arditti Quartet
9844:
9839:
9804:
9796:
9791:
9790:
9785:
9776:
9771:Gustavo Dudamel
9765:Jaap van Zweden
9699:Artur RodziĆski
9693:John Barbirolli
9657:Walter Damrosch
9633:Theodore Thomas
9600:
9599:Music Directors
9594:
9564:
9559:
9551:
9543:
9535:
9527:
9521:David Robertson
9519:
9511:
9503:
9495:
9494:music directors
9489:
9459:
9454:
9419:Erich Leinsdorf
9413:Artur RodziĆski
9398:
9393:
9363:
9358:
9341:Leonard Slatkin
9287:Malcolm Sargent
9272:
9267:
9237:
9232:
9203:Giacomo Manzoni
9173:Franco Donatoni
9133:Hans Abrahamsen
9124:
9112:
9082:
9077:
9017:Humphrey Searle
8992:Juan Carlos Paz
8912:Jacques Calonne
8862:Richard Barrett
8837:Kees van Baaren
8812:Hans Abrahamsen
8803:
8793:
8763:
8758:
8744:
8700:Duration series
8695:Chromatic scale
8668:
8609:
8602:
8564:
8555:
8532:Cross partition
8502:Complementation
8485:
8476:
8441:
8433:
8428:
8414:
8405:Jahrhundertring
8390:Domaine musical
8380:Aleatoric music
8368:
8350:
8332:
8278:Ăclat/Multiples
8169:
8160:
8155:
8125:
8116:
8114:
8107:
8092:
8086:
8073:
8066:
8053:
8047:
8034:
8017:
8011:
7998:
7992:
7982:Eclats / Boulez
7979:
7973:
7953:
7947:
7928:
7922:
7906:
7900:
7884:
7878:
7865:
7848:
7842:
7825:
7819:
7806:
7800:
7783:
7777:
7760:
7754:
7738:
7732:
7715:
7709:
7693:
7687:
7670:
7664:
7647:
7641:
7617:
7611:
7594:
7585:
7581:
7554:
7548:
7531:
7525:
7508:
7491:
7485:
7468:
7451:
7445:
7428:
7422:
7404:Griffiths, Paul
7402:
7396:
7376:
7370:
7353:
7347:
7327:
7292:
7270:
7257:
7222:
7216:
7203:
7197:
7180:
6990:
6980:Tate Publishing
6973:
6942:
6936:
6923:
6917:
6904:
6898:
6881:
6875:
6858:
6852:
6835:
6831:
6826:
6819:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6778:
6776:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6746:
6733:
6732:
6728:
6718:
6716:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6688:
6686:
6673:
6672:
6668:
6658:
6656:
6641:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6597:
6595:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6550:
6544:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6521:
6519:
6504:
6500:
6488:Wayback Machine
6475:
6471:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6448:
6444:
6439:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6421:
6417:
6412:
6408:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6346:Barbedette, 15.
6345:
6341:
6331:
6329:
6314:
6310:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6289:
6278:"The Godfather"
6271:
6267:
6257:
6255:
6240:
6236:
6231:
6227:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6195:
6191:
6186:
6182:
6177:
6173:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6155:
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6146:
6141:
6137:
6132:
6128:
6118:
6116:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6093:
6089:
6080:
6076:
6066:
6064:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6023:
6019:
6003:
5999:
5989:
5987:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5948:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5916:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5893:
5891:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5851:
5849:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5795:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5761:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5695:
5691:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5650:
5646:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5605:Wayback Machine
5595:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5398:
5396:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5170:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:O'Hagan, 38â47.
4961:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4878:
4874:
4864:
4862:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4678:
4674:
4668:Wayback Machine
4659:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4630:Machart, Renaud
4627:
4623:
4613:
4611:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4397:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4259:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4233:"Pierre Boulez"
4231:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4118:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4084:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:Vermeil, 188â95
3844:
3840:
3836:Rosenberg, 402.
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3748:
3747:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:Vermeil, 182â86
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3550:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3396:on 29 July 2016
3384:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2855:Jahrhundertring
2851:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2819:Fold upon Fold.
2818:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2705:
2640:George Benjamin
2638:, the composer
2632:
2582:Michel Foucault
2490:
2412:
2400:and Messiaen's
2397:Glagolitic Mass
2323:Ăclat/Multiples
2315:Halina Ćukomska
2252:
2227:Patrice Chéreau
2213:Patrice Chéreau
2146:, Mussorgsky's
2103:
2084:Richard Strauss
2017:
2012:
1959:Jean Genet 1983
1927:Ăclat/Multiples
1922:
1876:
1792:
1747:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1604:
1561:after the war.
1526:
1524:Total serialism
1463:
1439:Douze notations
1435:
1431:Douze notations
1389:
1384:
1378:
1239:for orchestra.
1229:
1134:
1094:Friedrich Cerha
1054:
1037:Patrice Chéreau
1023:Wolfgang Wagner
911:, accompanying
901:
892:Ăclat/Multiples
832:) of Debussy's
758:Aix-en-Provence
735:
693:Pierrot lunaire
639:Domaine musical
627:
600:based on chance
521:pays de cocagne
505:Théùtre Marigny
475:Douze Notations
449:
394:, conducted by
372:Arthur Honegger
349:
236:
231:
203:Domaine musical
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13753:
13743:
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13652:
13647:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13487:
13486:
13484:from Wikiquote
13469:
13440:
13437:
13436:
13424:
13412:
13400:
13388:
13365:
13364:
13359:
13358:
13356:
13355:
13352:Heinz Holliger
13349:
13343:
13337:
13331:
13325:
13318:
13315:
13314:
13307:
13306:
13299:
13292:
13284:
13275:
13274:
13272:
13271:
13265:
13259:
13253:
13247:
13241:
13235:
13229:
13223:
13217:
13211:
13205:
13199:
13193:
13187:
13181:
13175:
13169:
13163:
13157:
13154:Paul Hindemith
13150:
13147:
13146:
13139:
13138:
13131:
13124:
13116:
13107:
13106:
13104:
13103:
13096:
13091:
13084:
13077:
13070:
13063:
13061:Alain Lanceron
13058:
13051:
13044:
13041:C. Robert Fine
13037:
13030:
13027:Bernard Coutaz
13023:
13020:Emile Berliner
13015:
13013:
13007:
13006:
13004:
13003:
12996:
12993:TakĂĄcs Quartet
12989:
12982:
12975:
12968:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12953:
12951:
12950:
12943:
12940:Andrés Segovia
12936:
12929:
12922:
12915:
12912:Itzhak Perlman
12908:
12905:Emmanuel Pahud
12901:
12898:David Oistrakh
12894:
12887:
12880:
12877:Yehudi Menuhin
12873:
12870:Albrecht Mayer
12866:
12859:
12852:
12845:
12842:Fritz Kreisler
12838:
12831:
12828:Heinz Holliger
12824:
12821:Jascha Heifetz
12817:
12810:
12803:
12796:
12789:
12782:
12775:
12768:
12760:
12758:
12752:
12751:
12749:
12748:
12745:Mitsuko Uchida
12741:
12734:
12731:Artur Schnabel
12727:
12720:
12713:
12706:
12699:
12692:
12689:Murray Perahia
12685:
12678:
12671:
12664:
12657:
12650:
12643:
12640:Wilhelm Kempff
12636:
12629:
12622:
12615:
12603:
12596:
12589:
12582:
12579:Alfred Brendel
12575:
12568:
12561:
12554:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12536:
12529:
12522:
12519:Kiri Te Kanawa
12515:
12512:Renata Tebaldi
12508:
12501:
12494:
12491:Leontyne Price
12487:
12480:
12473:
12466:
12463:Birgit Nilsson
12459:
12452:
12445:
12438:
12435:Jonas Kaufmann
12431:
12424:
12417:
12410:
12403:
12400:Thomas Hampson
12396:
12389:
12382:
12375:
12368:
12361:
12354:
12347:
12340:
12337:Joyce DiDonato
12333:
12326:
12319:
12312:
12305:
12298:
12295:Jussi Björling
12291:
12284:
12277:
12270:
12262:
12260:
12256:
12255:
12253:
12252:
12245:
12233:
12226:
12219:
12212:
12200:
12193:
12181:
12178:Trevor Pinnock
12174:
12167:
12164:Eugene Ormandy
12160:
12153:
12146:
12139:
12132:
12125:
12118:
12115:Rafael KubelĂk
12111:
12108:Otto Klemperer
12104:
12096:Carlos Kleiber
12092:
12085:
12082:Mariss Jansons
12078:
12071:
12064:
12052:
12045:
12038:
12031:
12024:
12017:
12010:
12003:
11996:
11984:
11977:
11970:
11963:
11955:Thomas Beecham
11951:
11944:
11937:
11934:Claudio Abbado
11929:
11927:
11923:
11922:
11915:
11914:
11907:
11900:
11892:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11879:
11869:
11859:
11853:
11847:
11841:
11835:
11829:
11823:
11816:
11814:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11806:
11800:
11794:
11788:
11782:
11776:
11770:
11764:
11753:
11751:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11743:
11737:
11727:
11720:Paul McCartney
11717:
11714:Murray Perahia
11707:
11697:
11694:Claudio Abbado
11687:
11677:
11667:
11657:
11650:Yehudi Menuhin
11647:
11637:
11622:
11620:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11612:
11605:Momoyo Kaijima
11598:
11592:
11586:
11580:
11577:Peter Eisenman
11570:
11564:
11558:
11548:
11534:
11524:
11517:
11515:
11511:
11510:
11502:
11501:
11494:
11487:
11479:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11466:
11456:
11442:
11432:
11421:
11419:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11397:
11387:
11377:
11367:
11364:Evelyn Glennie
11360:Emmylou Harris
11357:
11347:
11344:Kaija Saariaho
11340:Youssou N'Dour
11337:
11327:
11320:Kronos Quartet
11317:
11306:
11304:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11296:
11282:
11272:
11262:
11259:Valery Gergiev
11252:
11242:
11232:
11226:
11216:
11205:Burt Bacharach
11202:
11191:
11189:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11181:
11178:Iannis Xenakis
11171:
11161:
11151:
11141:
11131:
11121:
11111:
11104:Paul McCartney
11100:
11098:
11094:
11093:
11085:
11084:
11077:
11070:
11062:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11046:Emmanuel Pahud
11043:
11040:Evelyn Glennie
11037:
11031:
11025:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11011:
11009:
11008:
11002:
10999:Mariss Jansons
10996:
10990:
10984:
10978:
10972:
10966:
10960:
10957:Kaija Saariaho
10954:
10947:
10945:
10941:
10940:
10938:
10937:
10931:
10925:
10919:
10913:
10907:
10901:
10895:
10892:Alfred Brendel
10889:
10883:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10869:
10867:
10866:
10860:
10854:
10848:
10842:
10836:
10830:
10824:
10818:
10812:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10795:
10789:
10786:Peter Schreier
10783:
10780:Heinz Holliger
10777:
10771:
10765:
10759:
10756:Rafael KubelĂk
10753:
10747:
10741:
10734:
10732:
10728:
10727:
10725:
10724:
10718:
10712:
10706:
10703:Mogens Wöldike
10700:
10694:
10691:Andrés Segovia
10688:
10682:
10679:Yehudi Menuhin
10676:
10670:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10656:
10654:
10653:
10647:
10641:
10635:
10632:Birgit Nilsson
10629:
10622:
10620:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10612:
10605:
10603:
10599:
10598:
10591:
10590:
10583:
10576:
10568:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10537:
10531:
10525:
10519:
10513:
10507:
10501:
10495:
10489:
10483:
10477:
10471:
10465:
10459:
10453:
10447:
10441:
10438:Kaija Saariaho
10435:
10429:
10423:
10417:
10411:
10405:
10399:
10393:
10387:
10381:
10375:
10369:
10363:
10357:
10351:
10345:
10338:
10335:
10334:
10327:
10324:
10323:
10316:
10309:
10301:
10292:
10291:
10289:
10288:
10282:
10276:
10270:
10264:
10258:
10252:
10246:
10240:
10234:
10228:
10226:TĆru Takemitsu
10222:
10220:Oscar Peterson
10216:
10214:Yehudi Menuhin
10210:
10203:
10200:
10199:
10192:
10191:
10184:
10177:
10169:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10150:
10144:
10138:
10132:
10126:
10120:
10114:
10108:
10102:
10096:
10090:
10087:Mariss Jansons
10084:
10078:
10072:
10069:Michael Gielen
10066:
10060:
10054:
10048:
10042:
10036:
10033:Alfred Brendel
10030:
10024:
10018:
10012:
10009:Mauricio Kagel
10006:
10000:
9994:
9988:
9982:
9976:
9973:Claudio Abbado
9970:
9964:
9958:
9955:Heinz Holliger
9952:
9946:
9940:
9937:Peter Schreier
9934:
9928:
9922:
9919:Andrés Segovia
9916:
9913:Yehudi Menuhin
9910:
9904:
9898:
9895:Elliott Carter
9892:
9886:
9880:
9874:
9868:
9862:
9856:
9849:
9846:
9845:
9838:
9837:
9830:
9823:
9815:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9786:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9774:
9768:
9762:
9756:
9750:
9744:
9738:
9732:
9726:
9720:
9714:
9708:
9702:
9696:
9690:
9684:
9678:
9675:Josef StrĂĄnskĂœ
9672:
9666:
9663:Vasily Safonov
9660:
9654:
9648:
9642:
9636:
9630:
9624:
9618:
9612:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9593:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9570:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9549:
9541:
9537:Susanna MĂ€lkki
9533:
9525:
9517:
9509:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9488:
9487:
9480:
9473:
9465:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9446:
9440:
9434:
9428:
9422:
9416:
9410:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9392:
9391:
9384:
9377:
9369:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9356:
9350:
9344:
9338:
9332:
9329:John Pritchard
9326:
9320:
9314:
9308:
9302:
9296:
9293:Rudolf Schwarz
9290:
9284:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9266:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9243:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9228:Iannis Xenakis
9225:
9220:
9218:Henri Pousseur
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9188:Mauricio Kagel
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9111:
9110:
9103:
9096:
9088:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9044:Roger Sessions
9041:
9040:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9007:Henri Pousseur
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8982:Donald Martino
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8947:Henryk GĂłrecki
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8887:Konrad Boehmer
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8842:Milton Babbitt
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8792:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8769:
8760:
8759:
8749:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8676:
8674:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8666:
8657:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8618:Milton Babbitt
8614:
8612:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8598:Multiplication
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8574:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8551:
8546:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8524:
8519:
8517:Interval class
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8486:
8475:
8474:
8467:
8460:
8452:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8430:
8429:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8340:
8338:
8337:Collaborations
8334:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8323:
8316:
8309:
8302:
8295:
8292:Messagesquisse
8288:
8281:
8274:
8267:
8260:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8183:
8177:
8175:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8154:
8153:
8146:
8139:
8131:
8124:
8123:
8105:
8090:
8084:
8071:
8064:
8051:
8045:
8032:
8015:
8009:
7996:
7990:
7977:
7971:
7955:Samuel, Claude
7951:
7945:
7926:
7920:
7904:
7898:
7890:Musical Events
7886:Porter, Andrew
7882:
7876:
7863:
7846:
7840:
7823:
7817:
7804:
7798:
7781:
7775:
7758:
7752:
7736:
7730:
7713:
7707:
7691:
7685:
7668:
7662:
7645:
7639:
7615:
7609:
7592:
7579:
7552:
7546:
7529:
7523:
7506:
7489:
7483:
7466:
7449:
7443:
7426:
7420:
7400:
7394:
7378:Goléa, Antoine
7374:
7368:
7351:
7345:
7329:Glock, William
7325:
7324:
7323:
7314:
7305:
7290:
7280:, ed. (1986).
7278:Glock, William
7274:
7268:
7255:
7220:
7214:
7201:
7195:
7178:
7163:
7148:
7133:
7118:
7103:
7088:
7073:
7058:
7039:
7024:
7009:
6994:
6988:
6971:
6959:10.2307/941392
6940:
6934:
6921:
6915:
6902:
6896:
6879:
6873:
6856:
6850:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6817:
6786:
6756:
6726:
6696:
6666:
6635:
6605:
6575:
6538:
6529:
6498:
6493:The New Yorker
6469:
6460:
6458:Merlin, 42â44.
6451:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6406:
6397:
6366:
6357:
6348:
6339:
6308:
6299:
6282:The New Yorker
6265:
6234:
6225:
6223:Barrault, 205.
6216:
6207:
6205:Boulez (1971).
6198:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6100:
6087:
6074:
6048:
6017:
5997:
5959:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5919:
5910:
5901:
5868:
5859:
5829:
5820:
5786:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5707:
5698:
5689:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5653:
5644:
5639:Opera Magazine
5622:
5613:
5589:
5558:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5428:
5415:
5406:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5346:Samuel (2013).
5330:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5238:Bradshaw, 186.
5231:
5222:
5213:
5204:
5195:
5159:
5157:Ross, 363â364.
5150:
5130:
5121:
5112:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5022:
5013:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4910:
4901:
4872:
4841:
4832:
4823:
4821:Merlin, 548â9.
4814:
4805:
4774:
4765:
4733:
4703:
4672:
4653:
4621:
4598:(7 May 2009).
4587:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4504:
4473:
4447:
4438:
4421:The New Yorker
4407:
4376:
4345:
4336:
4305:
4296:
4284:
4267:France Musique
4250:
4224:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4109:
4075:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4017:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3969:
3960:
3951:
3949:Glock, 139â40.
3942:
3913:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3771:
3732:
3723:
3706:Opera Magazine
3692:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3582:Jameux, 79â80.
3575:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3377:
3368:
3366:Barrault, 161.
3359:
3350:
3315:
3306:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3045:
3028:France Musique
3014:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2953:
2936:
2927:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2704:
2701:
2631:
2628:
2620:The New Yorker
2586:Roland Barthes
2578:Gilles Deleuze
2511:The New Yorker
2489:
2486:
2482:Heinz Holliger
2411:
2408:
2298:George Shirley
2251:
2248:
2223:Ingmar Bergman
2196:Opéra Bastille
2191:Maurice BĂ©jart
2102:
2099:
2095:Oliver Knussen
2080:Peter Heyworth
2062:Otto Klemperer
2042:Susan Bradshaw
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
1921:
1918:
1906:Elliott Carter
1875:
1872:
1822:Peter Heyworth
1791:
1788:
1767:Notations IâIV
1746:
1743:
1726:E. E. Cummings
1674:
1671:
1650:Improvisations
1603:
1594:
1525:
1522:
1490:Paul Griffiths
1462:
1459:
1434:
1428:
1388:
1385:
1377:
1374:
1307:Piano Concerto
1297:Mitsuko Uchida
1295:Orchestra and
1228:
1225:
1178:Moses und Aron
1133:
1130:
1107:Notations I-IV
1053:
1050:
975:German Requiem
967:Missa solemnis
944:Roger Woodward
900:
897:
806:Wieland Wagner
802:Oper Frankfurt
734:
731:
626:
623:
528:to the second
487:Folies BergĂšre
483:ondes Martenot
471:Yvette Grimaud
448:
445:
425:Japanese music
396:René Leibowitz
348:
345:
235:
232:
230:
227:
87:in the 1950s,
77:René Leibowitz
36:Boulez in 1968
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13752:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13623:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13500:Pierre Boulez
13498:
13497:
13495:
13483:
13482:
13470:
13466:
13465:
13453:
13452:
13449:
13443:
13442:Pierre Boulez
13435:
13430:
13425:
13423:
13413:
13411:
13401:
13399:
13389:
13387:
13377:
13376:
13373:
13353:
13350:
13347:
13346:Olga Neuwirth
13344:
13341:
13338:
13335:
13332:
13329:
13328:Wolfgang Rihm
13326:
13323:
13322:Pierre Boulez
13320:
13319:
13316:
13312:
13305:
13300:
13298:
13293:
13291:
13286:
13285:
13282:
13269:
13266:
13263:
13260:
13257:
13256:Pierre Boulez
13254:
13251:
13248:
13245:
13242:
13239:
13236:
13233:
13232:Wolfgang Rihm
13230:
13227:
13224:
13221:
13218:
13215:
13212:
13209:
13206:
13203:
13200:
13197:
13196:György Ligeti
13194:
13191:
13188:
13185:
13182:
13179:
13176:
13173:
13170:
13167:
13166:Boris Blacher
13164:
13161:
13158:
13155:
13152:
13151:
13148:
13144:
13137:
13132:
13130:
13125:
13123:
13118:
13117:
13114:
13101:
13097:
13092:
13089:
13085:
13082:
13078:
13075:
13071:
13068:
13064:
13059:
13056:
13055:Klaus Heymann
13052:
13049:
13048:Fred Gaisberg
13045:
13042:
13038:
13035:
13031:
13028:
13024:
13021:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13008:
13001:
12997:
12994:
12990:
12987:
12983:
12980:
12976:
12973:
12969:
12966:
12962:
12961:
12959:
12955:
12948:
12947:John Williams
12944:
12941:
12937:
12934:
12930:
12927:
12923:
12920:
12916:
12913:
12909:
12906:
12902:
12899:
12895:
12892:
12888:
12885:
12881:
12878:
12874:
12871:
12867:
12864:
12860:
12857:
12853:
12850:
12846:
12843:
12839:
12836:
12832:
12829:
12825:
12822:
12818:
12815:
12811:
12808:
12804:
12801:
12797:
12794:
12790:
12787:
12783:
12780:
12776:
12773:
12769:
12766:
12765:Maurice André
12762:
12761:
12759:
12755:String/brass/
12753:
12746:
12742:
12739:
12735:
12732:
12728:
12725:
12724:AndrĂĄs Schiff
12721:
12718:
12714:
12711:
12707:
12704:
12700:
12697:
12693:
12690:
12686:
12683:
12679:
12676:
12672:
12669:
12665:
12662:
12658:
12655:
12651:
12648:
12647:Evgeny Kissin
12644:
12641:
12637:
12634:
12633:Stephen Hough
12630:
12627:
12623:
12620:
12619:Angela Hewitt
12616:
12612:
12608:
12604:
12601:
12597:
12594:
12590:
12587:
12583:
12580:
12576:
12573:
12569:
12566:
12565:Claudio Arrau
12562:
12559:
12555:
12552:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12541:
12534:
12530:
12527:
12523:
12520:
12516:
12513:
12509:
12506:
12502:
12499:
12495:
12492:
12488:
12485:
12481:
12478:
12474:
12471:
12470:Jessye Norman
12467:
12464:
12460:
12457:
12456:Anna Netrebko
12453:
12450:
12446:
12443:
12439:
12436:
12432:
12429:
12425:
12422:
12418:
12415:
12411:
12408:
12407:Marilyn Horne
12404:
12401:
12397:
12394:
12390:
12387:
12383:
12380:
12376:
12373:
12372:Renée Fleming
12369:
12366:
12362:
12359:
12355:
12352:
12348:
12345:
12341:
12338:
12334:
12331:
12327:
12324:
12323:Enrico Caruso
12320:
12317:
12316:José Carreras
12313:
12310:
12306:
12303:
12299:
12296:
12292:
12289:
12285:
12282:
12278:
12275:
12271:
12268:
12264:
12263:
12261:
12257:
12250:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12231:
12227:
12224:
12220:
12217:
12213:
12209:
12205:
12201:
12198:
12194:
12190:
12186:
12182:
12179:
12175:
12172:
12168:
12165:
12161:
12158:
12157:Riccardo Muti
12154:
12151:
12147:
12144:
12140:
12137:
12133:
12130:
12126:
12123:
12119:
12116:
12112:
12109:
12105:
12101:
12097:
12093:
12090:
12086:
12083:
12079:
12076:
12072:
12069:
12065:
12061:
12057:
12053:
12050:
12046:
12043:
12039:
12036:
12032:
12029:
12025:
12022:
12018:
12015:
12011:
12008:
12004:
12001:
11997:
11993:
11989:
11985:
11982:
11981:Pierre Boulez
11978:
11975:
11971:
11968:
11964:
11960:
11956:
11952:
11949:
11945:
11942:
11938:
11935:
11931:
11930:
11928:
11924:
11920:
11913:
11908:
11906:
11901:
11899:
11894:
11893:
11890:
11877:
11873:
11872:Fujiko Nakaya
11870:
11867:
11863:
11860:
11857:
11854:
11851:
11848:
11845:
11842:
11839:
11838:James Turrell
11836:
11833:
11830:
11827:
11824:
11821:
11818:
11817:
11815:
11811:
11804:
11803:Cindy Sherman
11801:
11798:
11795:
11792:
11789:
11786:
11783:
11780:
11777:
11774:
11773:Anselm Kiefer
11771:
11768:
11765:
11762:
11761:Antoni TĂ pies
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11748:
11741:
11740:György Kurtåg
11738:
11735:
11734:Olga Neuwirth
11731:
11730:Stevie Wonder
11728:
11725:
11721:
11718:
11715:
11711:
11710:Jessye Norman
11708:
11705:
11701:
11698:
11695:
11691:
11690:Giya Kancheli
11688:
11685:
11681:
11678:
11675:
11674:Riccardo Muti
11671:
11670:Pierre Boulez
11668:
11665:
11664:György Ligeti
11661:
11658:
11655:
11654:Luciano Berio
11651:
11648:
11645:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11631:
11627:
11624:
11623:
11621:
11617:
11610:
11606:
11602:
11599:
11596:
11593:
11590:
11587:
11584:
11581:
11578:
11574:
11571:
11568:
11565:
11562:
11559:
11556:
11555:Aldo van Eyck
11552:
11549:
11546:
11542:
11538:
11535:
11532:
11528:
11527:Fumihiko Maki
11525:
11522:
11521:Ralph Erskine
11519:
11518:
11516:
11512:
11508:
11500:
11495:
11493:
11488:
11486:
11481:
11480:
11477:
11464:
11460:
11457:
11454:
11450:
11446:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11430:
11426:
11425:Anna Netrebko
11423:
11422:
11420:
11416:
11409:
11405:
11401:
11398:
11395:
11391:
11388:
11385:
11384:Wayne Shorter
11381:
11378:
11375:
11371:
11368:
11365:
11361:
11358:
11355:
11354:Peter Sellars
11351:
11348:
11345:
11341:
11338:
11335:
11331:
11328:
11325:
11321:
11318:
11315:
11311:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11301:
11294:
11290:
11286:
11285:Peter Gabriel
11283:
11280:
11279:Renée Fleming
11276:
11273:
11270:
11266:
11265:Sonny Rollins
11263:
11260:
11256:
11253:
11250:
11246:
11243:
11240:
11239:György Ligeti
11236:
11233:
11230:
11229:Keith Jarrett
11227:
11224:
11220:
11219:Miriam Makeba
11217:
11214:
11210:
11206:
11203:
11200:
11196:
11193:
11192:
11190:
11186:
11179:
11175:
11174:Stevie Wonder
11172:
11169:
11165:
11162:
11159:
11155:
11152:
11149:
11148:Pierre Boulez
11145:
11144:Joni Mitchell
11142:
11139:
11135:
11132:
11129:
11125:
11122:
11119:
11115:
11112:
11109:
11108:Baltic states
11105:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11095:
11091:
11083:
11078:
11076:
11071:
11069:
11064:
11063:
11060:
11047:
11044:
11041:
11038:
11035:
11032:
11029:
11026:
11023:
11020:
11019:
11017:
11013:
11006:
11003:
11000:
10997:
10994:
10991:
10988:
10985:
10982:
10979:
10976:
10973:
10970:
10967:
10964:
10961:
10958:
10955:
10952:
10949:
10948:
10946:
10942:
10935:
10932:
10929:
10926:
10923:
10920:
10917:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10904:Keith Jarrett
10902:
10899:
10898:György Kurtåg
10896:
10893:
10890:
10887:
10884:
10881:
10880:Michala Petri
10878:
10877:
10875:
10871:
10864:
10861:
10858:
10855:
10852:
10851:AndrĂĄs Schiff
10849:
10846:
10843:
10840:
10837:
10834:
10831:
10828:
10825:
10822:
10819:
10816:
10813:
10810:
10809:György Ligeti
10807:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10793:
10790:
10787:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10775:
10772:
10769:
10768:Pierre Boulez
10766:
10763:
10760:
10757:
10754:
10751:
10748:
10745:
10742:
10739:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10729:
10722:
10719:
10716:
10713:
10710:
10707:
10704:
10701:
10698:
10695:
10692:
10689:
10686:
10683:
10680:
10677:
10674:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10664:
10662:
10658:
10651:
10648:
10645:
10642:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10589:
10584:
10582:
10577:
10575:
10570:
10569:
10566:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10544:
10541:
10540:Olga Neuwirth
10538:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10522:Bent SĂžrensen
10520:
10517:
10516:Andrew Norman
10514:
10511:
10508:
10505:
10504:Äuro ĆœivkoviÄ
10502:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10487:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10475:
10472:
10469:
10466:
10463:
10460:
10457:
10456:György Kurtåg
10454:
10451:
10448:
10445:
10442:
10439:
10436:
10433:
10430:
10427:
10426:Pierre Boulez
10424:
10421:
10418:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10406:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10385:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10373:
10370:
10367:
10364:
10361:
10358:
10355:
10352:
10349:
10348:György Ligeti
10346:
10343:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10330:
10322:
10317:
10315:
10310:
10308:
10303:
10302:
10299:
10287:
10283:
10281:
10277:
10275:
10274:Jessye Norman
10271:
10269:
10265:
10263:
10262:Robert Lepage
10259:
10257:
10256:Leonard Cohen
10253:
10251:
10247:
10245:
10241:
10239:
10238:Pierre Boulez
10235:
10233:
10229:
10227:
10223:
10221:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10209:
10205:
10204:
10201:
10197:
10190:
10185:
10183:
10178:
10176:
10171:
10170:
10167:
10154:
10151:
10148:
10145:
10142:
10141:Olga Neuwirth
10139:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10106:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10082:
10079:
10076:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10061:
10058:
10055:
10052:
10049:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10028:
10027:Wolfgang Rihm
10025:
10022:
10019:
10016:
10013:
10010:
10007:
10004:
10001:
9998:
9997:György Kurtåg
9995:
9992:
9989:
9986:
9983:
9980:
9977:
9974:
9971:
9968:
9967:György Ligeti
9965:
9962:
9959:
9956:
9953:
9950:
9947:
9944:
9943:Luciano Berio
9941:
9938:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9923:
9920:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9905:
9902:
9899:
9896:
9893:
9890:
9887:
9884:
9883:Pierre Boulez
9881:
9878:
9877:Rudolf Serkin
9875:
9872:
9869:
9866:
9863:
9860:
9857:
9854:
9851:
9850:
9847:
9843:
9836:
9831:
9829:
9824:
9822:
9817:
9816:
9813:
9807:
9800:
9783:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9735:Pierre Boulez
9733:
9730:
9727:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9709:
9706:
9703:
9700:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9669:Gustav Mahler
9667:
9664:
9661:
9658:
9655:
9652:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9640:
9637:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9625:
9622:
9621:Carl Bergmann
9619:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9603:
9598:
9591:
9586:
9584:
9579:
9577:
9572:
9571:
9568:
9554:
9553:Pierre Bleuse
9550:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9529:Jonathan Nott
9526:
9522:
9518:
9514:
9510:
9506:
9505:Pierre Boulez
9502:
9501:
9498:
9493:
9486:
9481:
9479:
9474:
9472:
9467:
9466:
9463:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9431:Pierre Boulez
9429:
9426:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9397:
9390:
9385:
9383:
9378:
9376:
9371:
9370:
9367:
9354:
9351:
9348:
9345:
9342:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9315:
9312:
9311:Pierre Boulez
9309:
9306:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9285:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9264:
9259:
9257:
9252:
9250:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9198:Bruno Maderna
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9168:Aldo Clementi
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9148:Pierre Boulez
9146:
9144:
9143:Luciano Berio
9141:
9139:
9138:Jean Barraqué
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9127:
9122:
9121:
9116:
9109:
9104:
9102:
9097:
9095:
9090:
9089:
9086:
9073:
9072:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9059:Richard Swift
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8977:Bruno Maderna
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8927:Aaron Copland
8925:
8923:
8922:Aldo Clementi
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8902:Martin Boykan
8900:
8898:
8897:Pierre Boulez
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8882:Luciano Berio
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8872:Arthur Berger
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8857:Jean Barraqué
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8801:
8797:
8790:
8785:
8783:
8778:
8776:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8757:
8747:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8671:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8623:Pierre Boulez
8621:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8605:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8567:
8562:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8484:
8480:
8473:
8468:
8466:
8461:
8459:
8454:
8453:
8450:
8444:
8437:
8427:
8417:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8322:
8321:
8317:
8315:
8314:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8296:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8254:
8252:
8251:
8247:
8245:
8244:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8229:Pli selon pli
8226:
8224:
8223:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8191:
8189:
8188:
8184:
8182:
8181:Piano sonatas
8179:
8178:
8176:
8174:Concert music
8172:
8168:
8163:
8159:
8158:Pierre Boulez
8152:
8147:
8145:
8140:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8112:
8108:
8102:
8098:
8097:
8091:
8087:
8081:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8061:
8057:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8038:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8016:
8012:
8006:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7933:
7927:
7923:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7860:
7856:
7852:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7824:
7820:
7814:
7810:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7759:
7755:
7749:
7745:
7744:Pierre Boulez
7741:
7737:
7733:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7682:
7677:
7676:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7632:
7627:
7626:
7625:Pierre Boulez
7620:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7602:
7599:. Cambridge:
7598:
7593:
7589:
7582:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7476:
7473:. Rochester:
7472:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7427:
7423:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7361:
7358:. Cambridge:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7265:
7261:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7229:(169): 4â15.
7228:
7227:
7221:
7217:
7211:
7207:
7202:
7198:
7192:
7188:
7185:. Cambridge:
7184:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7047:Martin Cooper
7044:
7040:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6937:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6912:
6908:
6907:Pierre Boulez
6903:
6899:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6834:
6833:
6820:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6797:
6790:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6760:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6730:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6639:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6533:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6446:
6437:
6428:
6419:
6410:
6401:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6370:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6303:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6211:
6202:
6193:
6184:
6175:
6166:
6157:
6148:
6139:
6130:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6097:
6091:
6084:
6078:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6001:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5956:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5914:
5905:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5872:
5863:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5833:
5824:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5793:
5791:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5757:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5702:
5693:
5684:
5675:
5666:
5657:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5627:
5617:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5435:Samuel (2013)
5432:
5425:
5419:
5410:
5394:
5390:
5389:The Telegraph
5386:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5301:Piencikowski.
5298:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5202:Campbell, 13.
5199:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4977:
4968:
4959:
4950:
4941:
4932:
4923:
4914:
4905:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4876:
4860:
4857:(in French).
4856:
4852:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4778:
4769:
4750:
4743:
4737:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:Pli selon pli
4707:
4691:
4687:
4686:The Telegraph
4683:
4676:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4554:O'Hagan, 316.
4551:
4542:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4442:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4340:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4289:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4257:
4255:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4219:
4217:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4187:
4177:
4168:
4159:
4150:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4121:Kozinn, Allan
4116:
4114:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3955:
3946:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3908:
3906:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3790:
3786:
3785:The Spectator
3782:
3775:
3759:
3755:
3754:The Telegraph
3751:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3579:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3333:The Telegraph
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3289:The Telegraph
3286:
3279:
3277:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3009:
3005:
2993:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2867:Nos. 5 and 9.
2864:
2857:
2856:
2852:Known as the
2849:
2840:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2768:
2764:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2613:MarĂa Casares
2609:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:Francis Bacon
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:Antoine Goléa
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:According to
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:Pli selon pli
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2150:and Mozart's
2149:
2148:Boris Godunov
2145:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2078:According to
2076:
2074:
2073:Jessye Norman
2069:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:The War Plays
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:Les Paravents
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:Heiner MĂŒller
1967:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1917:
1915:
1914:György Ligeti
1911:
1910:Claude Samuel
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:magnetic tape
1798:
1795:had produced
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:Andrew Porter
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:For Goldman,
1755:
1753:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1730:Pli selon pli
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:Improvisation
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:Pli selon pli
1634:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1601:Pli selon pli
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1521:
1519:
1518:Aaron Copland
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:Saint-Sulpice
1353:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Pli selon pli
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1113:(1946â1989).
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
972:
969:in 1972; the
968:
962:
960:
959:
954:
945:
940:
936:
934:
930:
926:
925:Carnegie Hall
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
896:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
877:Pli selon pli
873:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:André Malraux
848:
845:In 1965, the
843:
841:
840:Covent Garden
837:
836:
831:
830:VĂĄclav KaĆĄlĂk
826:
825:
820:
816:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
781:
777:
773:
772:orchestras.
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
730:
728:
723:
721:
720:
719:Pli selon pli
715:
711:
706:
704:
703:
698:
694:
690:
689:William Glock
686:
685:
680:
675:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
660:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
631:
622:
620:
616:
612:
611:Luciano Berio
608:
603:
601:
597:
596:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
571:
566:
565:
560:
559:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
461:
457:
453:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
377:
373:
369:
360:
356:
354:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
317:and Wagner's
316:
315:
314:Boris Godunov
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:Saint-Ătienne
283:
282:baccalaureate
279:
278:chamber music
274:
272:
267:
264:
251:
250:
245:
241:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
196:
191:
187:
183:
181:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
108:
103:
102:
101:Pli selon pli
97:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
55:
50:
42:
34:
30:
19:
13479:
13467:from Commons
13462:
13441:
13340:Jörg Widmann
13321:
13268:Jörg Widmann
13255:
13184:Ernst Krenek
13088:Richard Mohr
13074:Edward Lewis
13067:Walter Legge
13034:John Culshaw
12933:Jordi Savall
12849:Gidon Kremer
12807:James Galway
12786:Pablo Casals
12779:Julian Bream
12772:Dennis Brain
12668:Dinu Lipatti
12543:Keyboardists
12309:Maria Callas
12267:Thomas Allen
12249:Bruno Walter
12223:George Szell
12197:Fritz Reiner
12185:Simon Rattle
12122:James Levine
11988:Adrian Boult
11980:
11876:Richard Long
11832:Bruce Nauman
11767:Jasper Johns
11757:Marc Chagall
11724:ĂdĂĄm Fischer
11704:Simon Rattle
11669:
11595:Moshe Safdie
11545:Denys Lasdun
11514:Architecture
11459:Nile Rodgers
11429:Diane Warren
11255:Led Zeppelin
11245:Gilberto Gil
11168:Ravi Shankar
11158:Eric Ericson
11147:
11124:Quincy Jones
10975:Martin Fröst
10969:Simon Rattle
10963:Jordi Savall
10839:Yuri Bashmet
10815:Eric Ericson
10792:Gidon Kremer
10767:
10425:
10268:Philip Glass
10244:André Previn
10237:
9901:Gidon Kremer
9882:
9759:Alan Gilbert
9753:Lorin Maazel
9734:
9729:George Szell
9705:Bruno Walter
9513:Péter Eötvös
9504:
9437:Lorin Maazel
9430:
9425:George Szell
9353:Sakari Oramo
9335:Andrew Davis
9317:Rudolf Kempe
9310:
9299:Antal DorĂĄti
9281:Adrian Boult
9147:
9118:
9069:
9037:Anton Webern
9002:George Perle
8967:Ernst Krenek
8957:Ben Johnston
8932:Henry Cowell
8896:
8877:Erik Bergman
8827:Denis ApIvor
8660:
8648:Anton Webern
8622:
8570:Permutations
8490:Fundamentals
8361:
8343:
8325:
8318:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8290:
8283:
8276:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8208:Polyphonie X
8206:
8199:
8192:
8185:
8157:
8115:. Retrieved
8095:
8075:
8055:
8036:
8019:
8000:
7981:
7958:
7935:. New York:
7930:
7911:
7889:
7867:
7850:
7829:
7808:
7789:
7785:
7762:
7743:
7721:
7717:
7698:
7674:
7650:Living Opera
7649:
7624:
7596:
7556:
7533:
7510:
7493:
7470:
7453:
7430:
7407:
7385:
7381:
7355:
7332:
7319:Glock (1986)
7310:Glock (1986)
7301:Glock (1986)
7281:
7259:
7224:
7205:
7182:
7166:
7151:
7136:
7121:
7106:
7091:
7076:
7061:
7042:
7027:
7012:
6997:
6975:
6953:(1): 48â52.
6950:
6944:
6925:
6906:
6887:
6883:
6864:
6860:
6841:
6837:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6777:. Retrieved
6768:
6759:
6747:. Retrieved
6738:
6729:
6717:. Retrieved
6713:the original
6708:
6699:
6687:. Retrieved
6678:
6669:
6657:. Retrieved
6649:The Guardian
6648:
6638:
6626:. Retrieved
6617:
6608:
6596:. Retrieved
6587:
6584:"The Spaces"
6578:
6566:. Retrieved
6554:
6541:
6532:
6520:. Retrieved
6511:
6501:
6491:
6472:
6463:
6454:
6445:
6436:
6427:
6418:
6409:
6400:
6388:. Retrieved
6380:The Guardian
6379:
6369:
6364:Vermeil, 18.
6360:
6351:
6342:
6330:. Retrieved
6322:The Guardian
6321:
6311:
6302:
6290:. Retrieved
6281:
6268:
6256:. Retrieved
6248:The Guardian
6247:
6237:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6201:
6192:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6138:
6129:
6117:. Retrieved
6103:
6095:
6090:
6082:
6077:
6065:. Retrieved
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6030:
6020:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5988:. Retrieved
5979:The Guardian
5977:
5954:
5949:
5940:
5935:Wagner, 167.
5931:
5922:
5913:
5904:
5892:. Retrieved
5881:
5871:
5862:
5850:. Retrieved
5841:
5832:
5823:
5811:. Retrieved
5803:The Guardian
5802:
5777:. Retrieved
5768:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5719:
5710:
5705:Kenyon, 394.
5701:
5692:
5683:
5674:
5665:
5656:
5647:
5638:
5634:
5616:
5608:
5592:
5580:. Retrieved
5571:
5561:
5549:. Retrieved
5540:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5418:
5409:
5397:. Retrieved
5388:
5378:
5369:
5360:
5351:
5324:
5315:
5306:
5297:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5252:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5216:
5207:
5198:
5186:. Retrieved
5177:
5153:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5056:Jameux, 239.
5052:
5047:Bennett, 57.
5043:
5038:Jameux, 228.
5034:
5025:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4995:
4985:
4976:
4971:O'Hagan, 44.
4967:
4958:
4953:Bennett, 54.
4949:
4944:O'Hagan, 31.
4940:
4931:
4926:MeĂŻmoun, 22.
4922:
4917:Bennett, 41.
4913:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4885:
4875:
4863:. Retrieved
4854:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4812:Merlin, 549.
4808:
4796:. Retrieved
4788:The Guardian
4787:
4777:
4772:Merlin, 548.
4768:
4756:. Retrieved
4749:the original
4736:
4724:. Retrieved
4713:
4706:
4694:. Retrieved
4685:
4675:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4637:
4624:
4612:. Retrieved
4603:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4570:The Guardian
4569:
4559:
4550:
4541:
4529:. Retrieved
4521:The Guardian
4520:
4513:Service, Tom
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4486:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4450:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4420:
4410:
4398:. Retrieved
4389:
4379:
4367:. Retrieved
4358:
4348:
4339:
4327:. Retrieved
4318:
4308:
4299:
4275:. Retrieved
4266:
4241:. Retrieved
4227:
4206:
4197:
4176:
4171:Jameux, 175.
4167:
4162:Jameux, 187.
4158:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4128:
4100:. Retrieved
4092:The Guardian
4091:
4073:Wagner, 165.
4069:
4060:
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4031:The Guardian
4030:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3963:
3958:Vermeil, 54.
3954:
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:
3916:
3895:
3886:
3881:Kenyon, 317.
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3784:
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3758:the original
3753:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3705:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3663:Vermeil, 142
3659:
3650:
3641:
3636:Kenyon, 359.
3632:
3623:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3558:The Guardian
3557:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:the original
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3332:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3288:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3243:O'Hagan, 37.
3239:
3234:O'Hagan, 14.
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3180:O'Hagan, 13.
3176:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3128:. Retrieved
3120:The Guardian
3119:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3027:
3017:
3008:
2992:The Guardian
2991:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2962:André Breton
2956:
2948:
2945:Paul Claudel
2939:
2930:
2922:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2767:
2716:
2706:
2695:
2692:
2677:
2657:
2648:
2636:The Guardian
2635:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2603:
2601:
2593:Black Forest
2590:
2543:
2537:
2525:
2509:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2463:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:on 14 CDs.
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2293:
2290:Walter Berry
2285:
2283:
2277:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2236:Regietheater
2234:
2231:Allan Kozinn
2218:
2216:
2204:
2200:Pierre Bergé
2184:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2153:Don Giovanni
2151:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2114:
2090:
2088:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2050:
2038:
2022:Hans Rosbaud
2018:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1892:Notation VII
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1796:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1736:
1735:By contrast
1734:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1684:
1676:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1618:Bill Hopkins
1611:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1567:Polyphonie X
1565:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1527:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1390:
1376:Compositions
1358:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1300:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1254:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1193:directed by
1190:
1176:
1164:
1163:: Debussy's
1158:
1142:
1135:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1055:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1029:of Wagner's
1020:
1001:
973:
963:
957:
952:
949:
902:
890:
884:
880:
876:
874:
870:George Szell
863:
858:
844:
833:
822:
812:
810:
797:
787:
785:
780:George Szell
751:
746:
736:
724:
717:
709:
707:
700:
697:Robert Craft
692:
682:
679:Hans Rosbaud
676:
669:
663:
657:
655:
636:
604:
593:
579:
570:Polyphonie X
568:
562:
556:
546:
525:
519:
517:
494:
478:
474:
468:
462:in 1952, by
433:Musée Guimet
412:premier prix
411:
408:
392:Wind Quintet
381:
365:
350:
325:Ninon Vallin
318:
312:
310:
275:
268:
247:
237:
200:
193:
179:
116:
105:
99:
93:
58:
40:
39:
29:
13510:2016 deaths
13505:1925 births
12593:Glenn Gould
12586:Emil Gilels
12526:Bryn Terfel
12449:Emma Kirkby
12414:Hans Hotter
12281:Janet Baker
12204:Georg Solti
12143:Zubin Mehta
12021:Colin Davis
11660:Zubin Mehta
11640:Isaac Stern
11567:Jean Nouvel
11537:Frank Gehry
11350:Chuck Berry
11324:Patti Smith
11269:Steve Reich
11209:Robert Moog
11199:Isaac Stern
11164:Ray Charles
10981:Thomas AdĂšs
10845:Per NÞrgÄrd
10821:Georg Solti
10762:Miles Davis
10750:Isaac Stern
10721:Janet Baker
10480:York Höller
10420:Thomas AdĂšs
10360:Chinary Ung
10117:Beat Furrer
10105:Per NÞrgÄrd
10093:Peter GĂŒlke
10063:Klaus Huber
9741:Zubin Mehta
9645:Anton Seidl
9305:Colin Davis
9153:Earle Brown
8817:Gilbert Amy
8796:Twelve-tone
8720:Punctualism
8705:Equivalence
8001:Eclats 2002
6779:14 November
6536:Merlin, 13.
6522:14 November
6481:"The Magus"
6332:20 December
6160:Goldman, 4.
5908:Jampol, 10.
5842:Der Spiegel
5750:Glock, 137.
5687:Glock, 133.
5525:Edwards, 4.
5373:Glock, 174.
5364:Porter, 88.
5178:theartsdesk
5092:Goldman, 7.
5006:10 December
4890:(in French)
4580:7 September
4277:26 December
4064:Glock, 141.
3911:Glock, 139.
3591:Glock, 132.
3313:Merlin, 36.
3092:Merlin, 23.
2966:L'Amour fou
2741:Kyoto Prize
2684:Frank Gehry
2660:Paul Sacher
2608:Joan Peyser
2403:L'Ascension
2388:sur Incises
2346:Frank Zappa
2329:on 67 CDs.
2171:Der Spiegel
2068:musician".
2057:Joan Peyser
2053:Hans Keller
1990:Edward Bond
1986:The Screens
1881:sur Incises
1858:AnthĂšmes II
1799:(1951) for
1797:Deux Etudes
1691:Earle Brown
1559:tabula rasa
1535:punctualism
1366:Renzo Piano
1320:Parkinson's
1209:sur Incises
1161:Peter Stein
1090:Paris Opera
1016:Peter Brook
875:Apart from
739:Baden-Baden
727:Joan Peyser
671:Sept haĂŻkaĂŻ
668:(1955) and
540:during the
513:Tchaikovsky
13494:Categories
13481:Quotations
13262:Unsuk Chin
12393:Tito Gobbi
11926:Conductors
11541:JĂžrn Utzon
11370:Max Martin
11330:Paul Simon
11293:El Sistema
11275:Pink Floyd
11134:Elton John
11028:Unsuk Chin
10474:Brett Dean
10444:Unsuk Chin
10396:John Adams
10384:Karel Husa
10366:Joan Tower
10284:2022
10278:2020
10272:2018
10266:2015
10260:2013
10254:2011
10248:2008
10242:2005
10236:2002
10230:1999
10224:1996
10218:1993
10212:1990
10206:1987
10153:Unsuk Chin
9747:Kurt Masur
9213:Luigi Nono
9027:Alban Berg
8987:Luigi Nono
8735:Time point
8730:Set theory
8638:Alban Berg
8583:Retrograde
8522:Invariance
8507:Derivation
8215:Structures
7513:. London:
7433:. London:
7335:. Oxford:
6978:. London:
6749:10 October
6598:27 October
6477:Ross, Alex
6274:Ross, Alex
5990:7 February
5805:. London.
5609:Gramophone
5471:Rocco, 68.
5119:Ross, 378.
4865:15 January
4531:7 February
4466:7 February
4431:7 February
4400:7 February
4369:7 February
4243:7 February
3935:8 February
3495:Ross, 360.
3400:1 February
3001:References
2729:Wolf Prize
2653:Nico Muhly
2645:John Adams
2340:and Paris
2187:Jean Vilar
2010:Conducting
1966:Jean Genet
1946:AnthĂšmes 2
1874:Last works
1863:AnthĂšmes I
1850:MIDI-flute
1678:revolution
1665:'vitrified
1658:melismatic
1393:Baudelaire
1380:See also:
1012:Roundhouse
958:Via Crucis
881:Structures
615:Luigi Nono
388:Schoenberg
306:resistance
294:Lazaristes
240:Montbrison
157:, and the
151:Stravinsky
61:Montbrison
13386:Biography
13094:Ted Perry
12957:Ensembles
12675:Radu Lupu
12661:Lang Lang
11974:Karl Böhm
11813:Sculpture
11634:Josef Tal
11551:Frei Otto
11453:Arvo PĂ€rt
11390:Metallica
11235:B.B. King
11195:Bob Dylan
10928:Arvo PĂ€rt
10534:Lei Liang
10528:Joël Bons
10331:laureates
9651:Emil Paur
9158:John Cage
8867:JĂŒrg Baur
8852:Don Banks
8802:composers
8690:Atonality
8610:composers
8588:Inversion
8578:Prime row
8544:Aggregate
8527:Partition
8512:Hexachord
8483:serialism
8410:Serialism
8117:20 August
8028:985147586
7859:705143755
7767:Routledge
7590:required)
7462:496241633
7251:145773969
6568:7 January
5779:6 January
5641:. London.
5399:1 January
5328:Ford, 23.
3568:6 January
3130:3 January
3054:Jameux, 3
3038:10 August
3012:Jameux, 3
2717:Who's Who
2624:The Magus
2562:Joan MirĂł
2558:Paul Klee
2516:Alex Ross
2420:The Score
2348:'s album
2250:Recording
2035:, in 1963
1964:novelist
1934:Notations
1896:Notations
1687:John Cage
1623:xylorimba
1554:Alex Ross
1531:serialism
1503:La Sorgue
1454:Notations
1448:Notations
1237:Notations
1021:In 1972,
619:Alex Ross
582:John Cage
553:René Char
229:Biography
192:'s opera
112:polemical
12856:Yo-Yo Ma
11852:(2006/7)
11846:(2002/3)
11822:(1984/5)
11793:(2006/7)
11787:(2002/3)
11781:(1994/5)
11750:Painting
11666:(1995/6)
11557:(1996/7)
11523:(1983/4)
11435:Iggy Pop
11334:Yo-Yo Ma
10916:Yo-Yo Ma
10232:Yo-Yo Ma
8907:Ole Buck
8725:Semitone
8539:Tone row
8426:Category
8313:AnthĂšmes
8306:DĂ©rive 1
8250:Domaines
8111:Archived
7957:(1976).
7910:(2000).
7888:(1988).
7742:(2019).
7697:(2001).
7621:(1991).
7534:Messiaen
7502:43739920
7406:(1978).
7380:(1982).
7331:(1991).
6773:Archived
6743:Archived
6683:Archived
6675:"RĂ©pons"
6653:Archived
6628:25 March
6622:Archived
6592:Archived
6559:Archived
6516:Archived
6484:Archived
6384:Archived
6326:Archived
6292:5 August
6286:Archived
6252:Archived
6113:Archived
6094:CD set:
6081:CD set:
6067:29 March
6061:Archived
6035:Archived
6009:Parsifal
6005:The Ring
5984:Archived
5953:CD set:
5894:30 April
5888:Archived
5852:29 March
5846:Archived
5807:Archived
5773:Archived
5601:Archived
5576:Archived
5545:Archived
5393:Archived
5188:14 March
5182:Archived
5000:Archived
4887:Le Monde
4859:Archived
4855:Le Monde
4792:Archived
4758:25 March
4726:26 March
4720:Archived
4696:27 March
4690:Archived
4664:Archived
4646:1 August
4639:Le Monde
4608:Archived
4574:Archived
4525:Archived
4491:Archived
4460:Archived
4425:Archived
4417:"Nausea"
4394:Archived
4363:Archived
4323:Archived
4271:Archived
4237:Archived
4139:27 March
4133:Archived
4096:Archived
4041:29 March
4035:Archived
3795:27 March
3789:Archived
3764:27 March
3716:25 April
3710:Archived
3562:Archived
3343:13 April
3337:Archived
3293:Archived
3124:Archived
3032:Archived
2947:'s play
2747:, 2012;
2727:, 1999;
2338:Parsifal
2267:ZeitmaĂe
2158:Parsifal
2132:Parsifal
1975:Oresteia
1902:DĂ©rive 2
1835:Domaines
1783:DĂ©rive 1
1752:envelope
1715:Domaines
1467:Sonatine
1416:Nocturne
1305:and the
1233:DĂ©rive 2
1191:Parsifal
1058:Pompidou
909:Worthing
814:Parsifal
714:Mallarmé
651:Gesualdo
435:and the
421:Balinese
271:seminary
263:Catholic
137:and the
129:and the
59:Born in
13690:Ondists
13372:Portals
13250:Tan Dun
12259:Singers
10414:Tan Dun
8608:Notable
8320:Incises
6829:Sources
6258:9 April
6041:9 April
4642:. Paris
3299:9 April
2979:Incises
2286:Wozzeck
2176:Beatles
2165:Wozzeck
2143:Elektra
2128:Wozzeck
2117:at the
1886:Incises
1408:Jolivet
1397:Gautier
1181:(1995,
1167:(1992,
1155:in 2004
1120:at the
1088:at the
1073:Bauhaus
997:JanĂĄÄek
992:Tippett
988:Britten
923:and at
817:at the
798:Wozzeck
792:at the
789:Wozzeck
782:in 1957
647:Machaut
509:Milhaud
431:at the
143:Debussy
45:French:
13410:France
13354:(2022)
13348:(2020)
13342:(2018)
13336:(2016)
13330:(2014)
13324:(2012)
13270:(2023)
13264:(2019)
13258:(2015)
13252:(2011)
13246:(2007)
13240:(2003)
13234:(1999)
13228:(1995)
13222:(1992)
13216:(1987)
13210:(1983)
13204:(1979)
13198:(1975)
13192:(1972)
13186:(1966)
13180:(1963)
13174:(1960)
13168:(1957)
13162:(1954)
13156:(1951)
11878:(2023)
11868:(2017)
11858:(2014)
11840:(1998)
11834:(1993)
11828:(1989)
11805:(2020)
11799:(2011)
11775:(1990)
11769:(1986)
11763:(1981)
11742:(2024)
11736:(2021)
11726:(2018)
11716:(2015)
11706:(2012)
11696:(2008)
11686:(2004)
11676:(2000)
11656:(1991)
11646:(1987)
11636:(1982)
11611:(2022)
11597:(2019)
11591:(2016)
11585:(2013)
11579:(2010)
11569:(2005)
11563:(2001)
11547:(1992)
11533:(1988)
11465:(2024)
11455:(2023)
11441:(2022)
11431:(2020)
11410:(2019)
11396:(2018)
11386:(2017)
11376:(2016)
11366:(2015)
11356:(2014)
11346:(2013)
11336:(2012)
11326:(2011)
11316:(2010)
11295:(2009)
11281:(2008)
11271:(2007)
11261:(2006)
11251:(2005)
11241:(2004)
11231:(2003)
11225:(2002)
11215:(2001)
11201:(2000)
11180:(1999)
11170:(1998)
11160:(1997)
11150:(1996)
11140:(1995)
11130:(1994)
11120:(1993)
11110:(1992)
11106:/ the
11048:(2024)
11042:(2023)
11036:(2022)
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10530:(2019)
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8299:RĂ©pons
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4894:10 May
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2923:RĂ©pons
2696:RĂ©pons
2630:Legacy
2546:Proust
2380:RĂ©pons
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2288:(with
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1817:RĂ©pons
1662:become
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