761:, helped to establish the image of a school in the period immediately after World War II in France and abroad. Several of those mentioned (e.g. Jalowetz, Rufer) were also influential as teachers, and others (e.g. Kolisch, Rankl, Stein, Steuermann, Zillig) as performers, in disseminating the ideals, ideas and approved repertoire of the group. Perhaps the culmination of the school took place at Darmstadt almost immediately after World War II, at the
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Though the school included highly distinct musical personalities (the styles of Berg and Webern are in fact very different from each other, and from
Schoenberg—for example, only the works of Webern conform to the rule stated by Schoenberg that only a single row be used throughout all movements of a
90:
said that the twelve-tone method, when it had evolved into maturity, was a "veritable message in a bottle", addressed to an unknown and uncertain future. Though this common development took place, it neither followed a common time-line nor a cooperative path. Likewise, it was not a direct result of
91:
Schoenberg's teaching—which, as his various published textbooks demonstrate, was highly traditional and conservative. Schoenberg's textbooks also reveal that the Second
Viennese School spawned not from the development of his serial method, but rather from the influence of his creative example.
180:
Though Berg and Webern both followed
Schoenberg into total chromaticism and both, each in his own way, adopted twelve-tone technique soon after he did, not all of these others did so, or waited for a considerable time before following suit. Several yet later disciples, such as Zillig, the
753:
composition—while
Gerhard and Skalkottas were closely involved with the folk music of their respective countries) the impression of cohesiveness was enhanced by the literary efforts of some of its members. Wellesz wrote the first book on Schoenberg, who was also the subject of several
28:
113:, who were among his first composition pupils. Both of them had already produced copious and talented music in a late Romantic idiom but felt they gained new direction and discipline from Schoenberg's teaching. Other members of this generation included
765:, wherein Schoenberg—who was invited but too ill to travel—was ultimately usurped in musical ideology by the music of his pupil, Webern, as composers and performers from the Second Viennese School (e.g. Leibowitz, Rufer,
905:. Though Mozart and Schubert did not study with Haydn, Beethoven did for a time receive lessons from the older master, Haydn, though he was not a pupil in the sense that Berg and Webern were pupils of Schoenberg.
757:
put together by his friends and pupils; Rufer and
Spinner both wrote books on the technique of twelve-tone composition; and Leibowitz's influential study of Schoenberg, Berg and Webern,
189:
Hannenheim and the Greek
Skalkottas, are sometimes covered by the term, though (apart from Gerhard) they never studied in Vienna but as part of Schoenberg's masterclass in Berlin.
704:
1053:, 26 volumes in two parts, (Kassel, Basel, London, : Bärenreiter-Verlag; Stuttgart and Weimar: J. B. Metzler, 1998): Part 1 (Sachteil), vol. 9 (Sy–Z): cols. 2034–45.
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is sometimes included as part of the Second
Viennese School, though he was never Schoenberg's pupil and never renounced a traditional conception of tonality.
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and Gerald Strang, nor to many other composers who, at a greater remove, wrote compositions evocative of the Second
Viennese style, such as the
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Contemporaneous performers, friends, admirers, and supporters of the circle at various times included figures as diverse as
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Membership in the school is not generally extended to
Schoenberg's many pupils in the United States from 1933, such as
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German musical literature refers to the grouping as the "Wiener Schule" or "Neue Wiener Schule". The existence of a "
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1130:, p.2n3. Fourth Edition. 1977. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
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Johnson, Julius. 2006. "Anton Webern, the Social
Democratic Kunstelle and Musical Modernism."
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Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern
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named her "Malinconia Militare" (2003) after the first line of Rosselli's "Webern Opus 4".
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885:" is debatable. The term is often assumed to connote the great Vienna-based masters of the
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208:. By extension, however, certain pupils of Schoenberg's pupils, such as Berg's pupil
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Berg, Schoenberg, or Webern featured (or were inferred) in the work of composers
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1164:, trans. Friedrich Saathen and Sabine Schulte. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe.
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1232:
Schoenberg and His School: The Contemporary Stage of the Language of Music
1117:, 3, 56–58, 80–82, 101, 167, 197, 206–210, 220, 257–260, 280–281, 314–316.
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2003:
1976:
1807:
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1607:
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1505:
1227:
1179:
Webern and the Lyric Impulse: Songs and Fragments on Poems of Georg Trakl
934:
754:
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556:
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363:
332:
320:
224:
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The broader circle of the Second Viennese School included, among others,
205:
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122:
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1047:
Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik
1029:
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305:
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106:
56:
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997:
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2023:
2008:
1949:
1922:
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301:
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182:
80:
76:
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style working in the late 18th and early 19th century, particularly
814:
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3534:
3182:
2335:
2210:
2185:
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1912:
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1617:
1343:
959:
48:
3121:
2515:
1998:
1772:
1674:
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1560:
523:
31:
Prime, retrograde, inverse, and retrograde-inverse permutations.
3556:
2215:
2161:
1802:
1797:
1684:
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16:
105:
The principal members of the school, besides Schoenberg, were
1244:
2151:
1822:
27:
1096:
1072:
1203:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. First edition.
220:
and Ludwig Zenk, are usually included in the roll-call.
3473:
1084:
1049:, second, revised edition, edited by musicologist
75:without a firm tonal centre, often referred to as
67:. Their music was initially characterized by late-
71:expanded tonality and later, a totally chromatic
3762:
1279:
1226:(Paris, Editeur J B Janin, 1947) translated by
3459:
2608:
2296:
1490:
1265:
1162:Im Atem der Zeit: Erinnerungen an die Moderne
995:
63:, and close associates in early 20th-century
3752:List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions
3303:
3299:International Society for Contemporary Music
996:Volbach, W. R.; Adorno, Theodor W. (1950).
843:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3747:
3466:
3452:
2622:
2615:
2601:
2303:
2289:
1497:
1483:
1272:
1258:
785:) converged with the new serialists (e.g.
2840:Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene
1504:
1176:
1102:
863:Learn how and when to remove this message
763:Internationale Ferienkurse fĂĽr Neue Musik
24:Group of composers in 20th century Vienna
3401:Society for Private Musical Performances
2894:, Op. 33a (1928-1929) and Op. 33b (1931)
804:
45:Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule
26:
15:
2310:
1234:(New York, Philosophical Library, 1949)
1193:
1150:
1114:
1078:
1069:(Metzler). citation from cols. 2035–36.
3763:
1159:
1090:
3447:
2596:
2284:
1478:
1253:
908:
101:List of students of Arnold Schoenberg
3192:(1935, rev. ed. Douglas Jarman 1996)
841:adding citations to reliable sources
808:
378:of the New Hungarian Music Society,
2721:, Op. 10 (1907-1908, 1919 and 1929
2719:String Quartet No. 2 (with soprano)
1181:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
304:, Rudolf Ploderer, Josef Polnauer,
13:
2849:, Op. 38 (1906–1940) and Op. 38b (
2701:, Op. 4 (1899, 1916-1917 and 1943
1245:Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna
1216:
608:Association for Contemporary Music
14:
3797:
3208:Arnold Schönberg Complete Edition
1238:
3786:20th-century classical composers
3746:
3555:
2581:
813:
79:; and later still, Schoenberg's
3117:, Op. 6 (1913-1915, rev. 1929)
3093:, Op. 1 (1907-1908, rev. 1920)
2817:, Op. 5 (1902-1903, rev. 1920)
1404:Emancipation of the dissonance
1120:
1036:
989:
173:. Schoenberg's brother-in-law
1:
3042:Concerto for Nine Instruments
2657:Das Buch der hängenden Gärten
1306:Mode of limited transposition
998:"Philosophie der neuen Musik"
977:
693:International Composers Guild
55:and his pupils, particularly
3676:All-interval twelve-tone row
3140:SchlieĂźe mir die Augen beide
3075:SchlieĂźe mir die Augen beide
982:
952:Webern's Op. 27 was used in
747:
7:
2434:Grupo de renovaciĂłn musical
1464:List of atonal compositions
1433:Quartal and quintal harmony
965:
10:
3802:
2874:Sechs kleine KlavierstĂĽcke
2829:, Op. 16 (1909, rev. 1922)
2243:Situationist International
1144:
874:
98:
94:
3744:
3668:
3602:
3564:
3553:
3485:
3199:
3099:, Op. 3 (1910, rev. 1924)
3063:
3013:
2990:
2971:
2948:
2901:
2860:
2805:
2757:
2738:Suite, Op. 29 (1925–1926)
2689:
2640:
2630:
2579:
2318:
2139:
2061:
1900:
1840:
1831:
1713:
1513:
1456:
1374:
1329:
1291:
1200:The Kindness of Strangers
1177:Shreffler, Anne C. 1994.
705:Waldbauer-Kerpely Quartet
3142:" (second setting, 1925)
3131:(1923-1935; ii "Adagio"
2833:Variations for orchestra
425:of the Galimir Quartet,
3115:Three Orchestral Pieces
3107:, Op. 4 (1911-1912, iv
3077:" (first setting, 1907)
1753:Experimental literature
1224:Schoenberg et son Ă©cole
895:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
759:Schoenberg et son Ă©cole
487:Erich Wolfgang Korngold
3771:Second Viennese School
3681:All-trichord hexachord
3629:Second Viennese School
3304:
2983:(1910-1911, rev. 1921)
2847:Chamber Symphony No. 2
2821:Chamber Symphony No. 1
2795:A Survivor from Warsaw
2781:(1914–1922, rev. 1944)
2624:Second Viennese School
2539:Viennese preclassicism
2019:Second Viennese School
1650:Neue Slowenische Kunst
1521:Abstract expressionism
1416:Polymodal chromaticism
1394:Dissonant counterpoint
1356:Second Viennese School
695:, Steuermann's sister
553:Johanna MĂĽller-Hermann
280:Rita Kurzmann-Leuchter
241:Norbert von Hannenheim
143:Norbert von Hannenheim
44:
37:Second Viennese School
32:
21:
20:Second Viennese School
3475:Twelve-tone technique
3418:Twelve-tone technique
3363:Musical fragmentation
3274:Fragmentation (music)
2814:Pelleas und Melisande
2126:Theatre of the Absurd
2049:Twelve-tone technique
1928:Electroacoustic music
1339:Twelve-tone technique
1160:Krenek, Ernst. 1998.
883:First Viennese School
877:First Viennese School
805:First Viennese School
459:Felicie HĂĽni-Mihacsek
443:Marie Gutheil-Schoder
129:, and somewhat later
84:twelve-tone technique
30:
19:
3624:Josef Matthias Hauer
3589:Retrograde inversion
3289:Josef Matthias Hauer
3264:Developing variation
3135:for cl, vl, pf 1935)
3050:, Op. 27 (1935-1936)
3048:Variations for piano
3044:, Op. 24 (1931-1934)
3038:, Op. 21 (1927-1928)
2958:, Op. 36 (1934-1936)
2929:, Op. 32 (1928-1929)
2926:Von heute auf morgen
2921:, Op. 18 (1910-1913)
2888:, Op. 25 (1921-1923)
2882:, Op. 23 (1920-1923)
2843:, Op. 34 (1929-1930)
2835:, Op. 31 (1926-1928)
2827:FĂĽnf OrchesterstĂĽcke
2748:String Quartet No. 4
2742:String Quartet No. 3
2735:, Op. 26 (1923-1924)
2713:String Quartet No. 1
2682:, Op. 22 (1913-1916)
2660:, Op. 15 (1907-1909)
2111:Postdramatic theatre
2096:Experimental theatre
1633:Multidimensional art
899:Ludwig van Beethoven
837:improve this section
670:Erika Stiedry-Wagner
374:, Imre Balabán and
212:and Webern's pupils
3706:Formula composition
3433:Alexander Zemlinsky
3358:Jacques-Louis Monod
3269:Expressionist music
3125:, Op. 7 (1914-1922)
2918:Die glĂĽckliche Hand
2853:for 2pf, 1941-1942)
2715:, Op. 7 (1904-1905)
2652:, Op. 2 (1899-1900)
2429:Grupo de los cuatro
2394:English Virginalist
2312:Composition schools
1613:Lyrical Abstraction
1045:, "Wiener Schule",
654:Eugenie Schwarzwald
545:Dimitri Mitropoulos
353:Alexander Zemlinsky
175:Alexander Zemlinsky
47:) was the group of
3776:Austrian musicians
3380:Musical set theory
3353:Riccardo Malipiero
3306:Klangfarbenmelodie
3056:, Op. 28 (1937–38)
2880:FĂĽnf KlavierstĂĽcke
2868:Drei KlavierstĂĽcke
2769:, Op. (1900-1903,
2444:Khrennikov's Seven
2226:Postmodernist film
2131:Theatre of Cruelty
2014:Rock in Opposition
1955:Free improvisation
1598:Post-Impressionism
1531:Art & Language
1410:Klangfarbenmelodie
909:In art and culture
343:, Rudolf Weirich,
327:, Julius Schloss,
300:, Olga Novakovic,
233:Hans Erich Apostel
210:Hans Erich Apostel
33:
22:
3781:Culture in Vienna
3758:
3757:
3711:Modernism (music)
3639:Arnold Schoenberg
3441:
3440:
3423:Viennese trichord
3413:Eduard Steuermann
3385:Hermann Scherchen
3224:Theodor W. Adorno
3081:Seven Early Songs
3009:
3008:
2999:Der biblische Weg
2937:(1930–32, compl.
2886:Suite fĂĽr Klavier
2632:Arnold Schoenberg
2590:
2589:
2424:Grupo de los ocho
2414:GeneraciĂłn del 51
2409:Ears Open Society
2278:
2277:
2268:Russian symbolism
2253:Socialist realism
2091:Experimental film
2057:
2056:
1763:Hungry generation
1738:Conceptual poetry
1593:Neo-Impressionism
1472:
1471:
1301:Equal temperament
1209:978-0-03-076470-7
1187:978-0-198-16224-7
1170:978-3-455-11170-5
1067:978-3-476-41025-2
1059:978-3-7618-1128-3
873:
872:
865:
742:Arthur Schnitzler
620:Alfredo Sangiorgi
612:Hermann Scherchen
604:Nikolai Roslavets
529:Elisabeth Lutyens
467:Wassily Kandinsky
455:Jascha Horenstein
337:Eduard Steuermann
245:Heinrich Jalowetz
229:Theodor W. Adorno
131:Eduard Steuermann
119:Heinrich Jalowetz
53:Arnold Schoenberg
3793:
3750:
3749:
3669:Related articles
3651:Charles Wuorinen
3559:
3493:Combinatoriality
3468:
3461:
3454:
3445:
3444:
3374:Schönberg Family
3309:
3294:Ruzena Herlinger
3259:David Josef Bach
3254:Darmstadt School
3249:Ferruccio Busoni
3200:Related articles
3104:Altenberg Lieder
2778:Die Jakobsleiter
2638:
2637:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2547:
2526:The Turkish Five
2521:Sonic Arts Union
2479:Neue Einfachheit
2439:Grupo renovaciĂłn
2389:English Pastoral
2384:English Madrigal
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2172:Russian Futurism
2116:Remodernist film
2034:Stochastic music
1989:Musique concrète
1967:Microtonal music
1945:Experimental pop
1938:Industrial music
1933:Electronic music
1838:
1837:
1660:Nouveau réalisme
1568:Grosvenor School
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1399:Dynamic tonality
1321:Whole tone scale
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1222:René Leibowitz,
1212:
1190:
1173:
1156:
1153:Austrian Studies
1138:
1126:Perle, George.
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1014:10.2307/40089560
993:
915:Michael Dellaira
868:
861:
857:
854:
848:
817:
809:
713:
678:
639:
628:
589:
549:Soma Morgenstern
416:
368:David Josef Bach
329:Nikos Skalkottas
318:
299:
288:
265:
163:Nikos Skalkottas
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3740:
3696:Duration series
3691:Chromatic scale
3664:
3605:
3598:
3560:
3551:
3528:Cross partition
3498:Complementation
3481:
3472:
3442:
3437:
3368:Max Oppenheimer
3318:Oskar Kokoschka
3234:Peter Altenberg
3195:
3190:Violin Concerto
3150:(1925-1926 for
3059:
3005:
2986:
2967:
2964:, Op. 42 (1942)
2956:Violin Concerto
2944:
2913:, Op. 17 (1909)
2897:
2876:, Op. 19 (1911)
2870:, Op. 11 (1909)
2856:
2801:
2798:, Op. 46 (1947)
2753:
2750:, Op. 37 (1936)
2744:, Op. 30 (1927)
2698:Verklärte Nacht
2685:
2676:, Op. 21 (1912)
2673:Pierrot lunaire
2668:, Op. 20 (1911)
2626:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2541:
2459:The Mighty Five
2404:Frankfurt Group
2314:
2309:
2279:
2274:
2135:
2121:Structural film
2063:
2053:
1908:Aleatoric music
1896:
1827:
1715:
1709:
1670:Performance art
1509:
1503:
1473:
1468:
1452:
1376:
1370:
1331:
1325:
1316:Octatonic scale
1293:
1287:
1278:
1241:
1219:
1217:Further reading
1147:
1142:
1141:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1061:(Bärenreiter);
1051:Ludwig Finscher
1041:
1037:
994:
990:
985:
980:
968:
943:Amelia Rosselli
927:William H. Gass
911:
879:
869:
858:
852:
849:
834:
818:
807:
750:
730:Peter Altenberg
707:
681:Igor Stravinsky
672:
650:Erwin Schulhoff
633:
622:
583:
565:Max Oppenheimer
519:Francis Poulenc
507:Erich Leinsdorf
499:Oskar Kokoschka
483:Wilhelm Klitsch
463:Erich Itor Kahn
431:George Gershwin
410:
408:Gottfried Feist
357:Winfried Zillig
312:
293:
282:
272:Kolisch Quartet
259:
218:Leopold Spinner
171:Winfried Zillig
103:
97:
51:that comprised
25:
12:
11:
5:
3799:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3756:
3755:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Milton Babbitt
3610:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3594:Multiplication
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3515:
3513:Interval class
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3395:Skandalkonzert
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3338:René Leibowitz
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Richard Gerstl
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3179:
3163:
3152:string quartet
3143:
3136:
3126:
3118:
3112:
3100:
3097:String Quartet
3094:
3088:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3054:String Quartet
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3032:, Op. 1 (1908)
3027:
3024:Langsamer Satz
3020:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2962:Piano Concerto
2959:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2934:Moses und Aron
2930:
2922:
2914:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2823:, Op. 9 (1906)
2818:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2782:
2774:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2716:
2710:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Vox Saeculorum
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Giovane scuola
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Franco-Flemish
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2248:Social realism
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Late modernism
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Neo-minimalism
2203:
2201:Postminimalism
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Constructivism
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Poetic realism
2103:
2101:Modernist film
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:Textural music
2036:
2031:
2029:Spectral music
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:New Complexity
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Neoavanguardia
1780:
1778:Language poets
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Asemic writing
1730:
1728:Angry Penguins
1725:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Constructivism
1538:
1536:Conceptual art
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:Distance model
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1366:Spectral music
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:External links
1237:
1236:
1235:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1195:Viertel, Salka
1191:
1174:
1157:
1155:14(1):197–213.
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1119:
1107:
1103:Shreffler 1994
1095:
1083:
1071:
1043:Rudolf Stephan
1035:
987:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
972:Skandalkonzert
967:
964:
939:Thomas Pynchon
910:
907:
903:Franz Schubert
875:Main article:
871:
870:
821:
819:
812:
806:
803:
779:Stuckenschmidt
749:
746:
703:et al. of the
701:Imre Waldbauer
691:et al. of the
662:Roger Sessions
646:Franz Schreker
606:et al. of the
594:et al. of the
569:Otakar OstrÄŤil
515:Darius Milhaud
503:René Leibowitz
439:Walter Gropius
435:Richard Gerstl
404:Herbert Eimert
392:Richard Buhlig
388:Mark Brunswick
384:Artur Bodanzky
380:Julius Bittner
372:Ernst Bachrich
341:Viktor Ullmann
291:Erwin Leuchter
268:Rudolf Kolisch
253:Sándor Jemnitz
237:Robert Gerhard
214:René Leibowitz
167:Viktor Ullmann
147:Rudolf Kolisch
139:Robert Gerhard
96:
93:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3798:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3753:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:Pierre Boulez
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:Gustav Mahler
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Louis Krasner
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Stefan George
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:, 1928 ii-iv
3153:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:Kammerkonzert
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2980:Harmonielehre
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2892:KlavierstĂĽcke
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:Genesis Suite
2784:"Prelude" to
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2584:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Saint Martial
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Oeldorf Group
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
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2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:Ars subtilior
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:American Five
2321:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
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2269:
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2259:
2256:
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2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:Postmodernism
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2177:Cubo-Futurism
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:Expressionism
2155:
2153:
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2145:
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Music theatre
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:Minimal music
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Ars subtilior
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Visual poetry
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Nouveau roman
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Temporary art
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Nonconformism
1653:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:Neoplasticism
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Mir iskusstva
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Impressionism
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:Functionalism
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:Unified field
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:post-tonality
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1136:0-520-03395-7
1133:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
988:
973:
970:
969:
963:
961:
957:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
878:
867:
864:
856:
846:
842:
838:
832:
831:
827:
822:This section
820:
816:
811:
810:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:Festschriften
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:
721:
717:
711:
706:
702:
698:
697:Salka Viertel
694:
690:
689:Edgard Varèse
686:
682:
676:
671:
667:
666:Peter Stadlen
663:
659:
658:Rudolf Serkin
655:
651:
647:
643:
637:
632:
631:Alfred Schlee
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
587:
582:
581:Luigi Rognoni
578:
574:
573:Maurice Ravel
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:JĂłzef Koffler
492:
491:Louis Krasner
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:Erich Kleiber
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Felix Galimir
420:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Peter Schacht
322:
316:
311:
307:
303:
297:
292:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
263:
258:
254:
250:
249:Hanns Jelinek
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Leon Kirchner
195:
190:
188:
187:Transylvanian
185:Gerhard, the
184:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
102:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
73:expressionism
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
18:
3656:
3644:Anton Webern
3628:
3566:Permutations
3486:Fundamentals
3428:Franz Werfel
3407:Sprechstimme
3405:
3390:Egon Schiele
3372:
3333:Ernst Krenek
3313:Gustav Klimt
3244:Athematicism
3206:
3181:
3170:(1928-1935,
3165:
3145:
3120:
3102:
3091:Piano Sonata
3083:(1905-1908,
3015:Anton Webern
2997:
2978:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2861:Instrumental
2838:
2812:
2793:
2785:
2776:
2766:Gurre-Lieder
2764:
2733:Wind Quintet
2696:
2671:
2665:Herzgewächse
2663:
2655:
2647:
2623:
2568:Wandelweiser
2555:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2086:Epic theatre
2018:
1923:Atonal music
1758:Flarf poetry
1748:Ego-Futurism
1546:Proto-Cubism
1457:Compositions
1443:Tone cluster
1421:Polytonality
1408:
1384:Chromaticism
1377:and concepts
1355:
1311:Mystic chord
1231:
1223:
1198:
1178:
1161:
1152:
1127:
1122:
1115:Viertel 1969
1110:
1098:
1086:
1079:Johnson 2006
1074:
1046:
1038:
1005:
1002:Books Abroad
1001:
991:
955:The Sopranos
953:
951:
925:and writers
919:Ernst Krenek
912:
891:Joseph Haydn
880:
859:
850:
835:Please help
823:
758:
751:
734:Hermann Bahr
723:
720:Arnold Zweig
716:Franz Werfel
642:Erich Schmid
616:Egon Schiele
600:Hans Rosbaud
596:Rosé Quartet
577:Rudolph Reti
541:Frank Martin
522:
479:Gustav Klimt
451:Emil Hertzka
427:Rudolph Ganz
419:Marya Freund
400:Henry Cowell
396:Edward Clark
361:
349:Egon Wellesz
345:Adolph Weiss
276:Ernst Krenek
222:
191:
179:
151:Paul A. Pisk
135:Hanns Eisler
127:Egon Wellesz
115:Ernst Krenek
111:Anton Webern
104:
61:Anton Webern
36:
34:
3716:Punctualism
3701:Equivalence
3343:Alma Mahler
3229:Guido Adler
3147:Lyric Suite
3067:(1885-1935)
3030:Passacaglia
3017:(1883-1945)
3002:(1922-1927)
2949:Concertante
2680:Vier Lieder
2649:Vier Lieder
2634:(1874-1951)
2542: [
2484:Ny Enkelhed
2329:Ars antiqua
2238:Primitivism
2064:and theatre
2004:Noise music
1977:Drone music
1808:Slam poetry
1695:Suprematism
1680:Process art
1608:Incoherents
1603:Color Field
1578:Divisionism
1526:Art Nouveau
1506:Avant-garde
1228:Dika Newlin
1091:Krenek 1998
935:Thomas Mann
801:, et al.).
791:Stockhausen
769:, Kolisch,
708: [
685:Georg Trakl
673: [
634: [
623: [
592:Arnold Rosé
584: [
557:Dika Newlin
537:Alma Mahler
471:Hans Keller
411: [
376:BĂ©la BartĂłk
364:Guido Adler
333:Erwin Stein
321:Josef Rufer
313: [
310:Willi Reich
294: [
283: [
260: [
225:Oskar Adler
206:Glenn Gould
159:Josef Rufer
123:Erwin Stein
3765:Categories
3731:Time point
3726:Set theory
3634:Alban Berg
3579:Retrograde
3518:Invariance
3503:Derivation
3323:Karl Kraus
3178:1962-1978)
3160:str. orch.
3065:Alban Berg
2806:Orchestral
2773:1910-1911)
2727:str. orch.
2707:str. orch.
2573:West Coast
2496:Notre Dame
2474:New Jewish
2469:New German
2464:Neapolitan
2449:Manchester
2364:Burgundian
2359:Boston Six
2258:Surrealism
2196:Minimalism
2071:Cinéma pur
1716:and poetry
1714:Literature
1623:Minimalism
1514:Visual art
1438:Tone Clock
1389:Cyclic set
1375:Techniques
1330:Genres and
1292:Scales and
1081:, 198–199.
1008:(4): 394.
978:References
931:Gert Jonke
923:René Staar
853:April 2019
738:Karl Kraus
561:Will Ogdon
511:Adolf Loos
447:Alois Hába
306:Erwin Ratz
155:Karl Rankl
107:Alban Berg
99:See also:
57:Alban Berg
3686:Atonality
3606:composers
3584:Inversion
3574:Prime row
3540:Aggregate
3523:Partition
3508:Hexachord
3479:serialism
3239:Atonality
2910:Erwartung
2535:Viennese
2379:Darmstadt
2263:Symbolism
2191:Modernism
2024:Serialism
2009:Post-rock
1950:Free jazz
1858:Free funk
1813:UltraĂsmo
1768:Imaginism
1743:Cyberpunk
1705:Vorticism
1508:movements
1361:Serialism
1281:Atonality
1022:0006-7431
983:Citations
958:episode "
947:Erika Fox
887:Classical
824:does not
783:Scherchen
748:Practices
725:Jung-Wien
302:Paul Pisk
257:Otto Jokl
194:John Cage
77:atonality
49:composers
3721:Semitone
3535:Tone row
3183:Der Wein
3036:Symphony
2531:Venetian
2491:New York
2454:Mannheim
2374:Colorist
2336:Ars nova
2211:Neo-Dada
2186:Lettrism
2167:Futurism
2081:Drop Art
2076:Dogme 95
2044:Totalism
1962:Futurism
1913:Ars nova
1841:By style
1788:Neoteric
1690:Rayonism
1643:De Stijl
1618:Mail art
1573:Devětsil
1197:. 1969.
1105:, 21–22.
1030:40089560
966:See also
960:Bust Out
728:writers
204:pianist
202:Canadian
69:Romantic
3604:Notable
3174:compl.
3122:Wozzeck
2690:Chamber
2516:Les Six
2369:Cologne
2349:Bologna
2140:General
1999:No wave
1773:Imagism
1723:Acmeism
1675:Pop art
1665:Orphism
1583:Fauvism
1561:Bauhaus
1332:schools
1145:Sources
845:removed
830:sources
795:Maderna
775:Stadlen
524:Les Six
270:of the
183:Catalan
95:Members
3397:(1913)
3186:(1929)
3109:rearr.
3026:(1905)
2939:Kocsis
2790:(1945)
2758:Choral
2556:Second
2354:Boston
2216:Neoism
2162:Fluxus
2062:Cinema
1901:Others
1803:Oulipo
1798:Oberiu
1685:Purism
1551:Cubism
1294:tuning
1211:(hbk).
1207:
1185:
1172:(hbk).
1168:
1134:
1093:, 788.
1065:
1057:
1028:
1020:
941:, and
921:, and
787:Boulez
767:Adorno
740:, and
722:, and
533:Gustav
355:, and
169:, and
88:Adorno
81:serial
65:Vienna
41:German
3736:Trope
3219:6-Z44
3176:Cerha
3172:orch.
3111:1917)
3087:1928)
3085:orch.
2991:Drama
2941:2010)
2902:Opera
2771:orch.
2641:Vocal
2551:First
2546:]
2506:Roman
1890:Metal
1833:Music
1026:JSTOR
771:Heiss
712:]
677:]
638:]
627:]
588:]
415:]
317:]
298:]
287:]
264:]
3658:more
3545:List
3477:and
3214:6-20
3167:Lulu
3158:for
3156:arr.
3133:arr.
2972:Text
2851:arr.
2725:for
2723:arr.
2705:for
2703:arr.
2152:Dada
1885:Punk
1880:Prog
1875:Rock
1863:Yass
1853:Jazz
1848:Funk
1823:Zaum
1349:List
1283:and
1205:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1018:ISSN
901:and
828:any
826:cite
799:Nono
535:and
517:and
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1870:Pop
1344:Row
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