4386:
728:, species are one of the kinds of item to be classified. In principle, the names given to species could be completely independent of their classification. This is not the case for binomial names, since the first part of a binomial is the name of the genus into which the species is placed. Above the rank of genus, binomial nomenclature and classification are partly independent; for example, a species retains its binomial name if it is moved from one family to another or from one order to another, unless it better fits a different genus in the same or different family, or it is split from its old genus and placed in a newly created genus. The independence is only partial since the names of families and other higher taxa are usually based on genera.
640:
627:, generally the earliest published if two or more names are accidentally assigned to a species. This means the species a binomial name refers to can be clearly identified, as compared to the common names of species which are usually different in every language. However, establishing that two names actually refer to the same species and then determining which has priority can sometimes be difficult, particularly if the species was named by biologists from different countries. Therefore, a species may have more than one regularly used name; all but one of these names are "
57:
539:
4714:
44:
399:
4182:
1126:
1827:
4724:
410:
designate or label the species, and second, to be a diagnosis or description; however, these two goals were eventually found to be incompatible. In a simple genus, containing only two species, it was easy to tell them apart with a one-word genus and a one-word specific name; but as more species were discovered, the names necessarily became longer and unwieldy, for instance,
1943:
is the harlequin ladybird in its black or melanic forms having four large orange or red spots. In botany, there are many ranks below species and although the name itself is written in three parts, a "connecting term" (not part of the name) is needed to show the rank. Thus, the
American black elder is
757:
A complete binomial name is always treated grammatically as if it were a phrase in the Latin language (hence the common use of the term "Latin name" for a binomial name). However, the two parts of a binomial name can each be derived from a number of sources, of which Latin is only one. These include:
714:
Because genus names are unique only within a nomenclature code, it is possible for homonyms (two or more species sharing the same genus name) to happen, and even the same binomial if they occur in different kingdoms. At least 1,258 instances of genus name duplication occur (mainly between zoology and
1555:
The first part of the binomial, the genus name, is always written with an initial capital letter. Older sources, particularly botanical works published before the 1950s, used a different convention: if the second part of the name was derived from a proper noun, e.g., the name of a person or place, a
1485:
sets out precise rules by which a personal name is to be converted to a specific epithet. In particular, names ending in a consonant (but not "er") are treated as first being converted into Latin by adding "-ius" (for a man) or "-ia" (for a woman), and then being made genitive (i.e. meaning "of that
683:
element is constant. Similarly, if what were previously thought to be two distinct species are demoted to a lower rank, such as subspecies, the second part of the binomial name is retained as a trinomen (the third part of the new name). Thus, the
Tenerife robin may be treated as a different species
1901:
Binomial nomenclature, as described here, is a system for naming species. Implicitly, it includes a system for naming genera, since the first part of the name of the species is a genus name. In a classification system based on ranks, there are also ways of naming ranks above the level of genus and
1582:
The binomial name should generally be written in full. The exception to this is when several species from the same genus are being listed or discussed in the same paper or report, or the same species is mentioned repeatedly; in which case the genus is written in full when it is first used, but may
409:
Prior to the adoption of the modern binomial system of naming species, a scientific name consisted of a generic name combined with a specific name that was from one to several words long. Together they formed a system of polynomial nomenclature. These names had two separate functions. First, to
1677:
but not certainly identified as this species". In molecular systematics papers, "cf." may be used to indicate one or more undescribed species assumed to be related to a described species. For example, in a paper describing the phylogeny of small benthic freshwater fish called darters, five
657:, tend to favor stability. For example, when species are transferred between genera (as not uncommonly happens as a result of new knowledge), the second part of the binomial is kept the same (unless it becomes a homonym). Thus, there is disagreement among botanists as to whether the genera
1717:
In scholarly texts, at least the first or main use of the binomial name is usually followed by the "authority" – a way of designating the scientist(s) who first published the name. The authority is written in slightly different ways in zoology and botany. For names governed by the
710:
with the new genus if the specific epithet is an adjective modifying the genus name. Some biologists have argued for the combination of the genus name and specific epithet into a single unambiguous name, or for the use of uninomials (as used in nomenclature of ranks above species).
505:
Linnaeus's trivial names introduced the important new idea that the function of a name could simply be to give a species a unique label, meaning that the name no longer needed to be descriptive. Both parts could, for example, be derived from the names of people. Thus Gerard's
285:; the parentheses indicate that the species is now placed in a different genus. The ICZN does not require that the name of the person who changed the genus be given, nor the date on which the change was made, although nomenclatorial catalogs usually include such information.
1345:), it is a "specific epithet". Together, these two parts are referred to as a "species name" or "binomen" in the zoological code: or "species name", "binomial", or "binary combination" in the botanical code. "Species name" is the only term common to the two codes.
705:
Binomial nomenclature for species has the effect that when a species is moved from one genus to another, sometimes the specific name or epithet must be changed as well. This may happen because the specific name is already used in the new genus, or to
454:(1560–1624), took some important steps towards the binomial system by pruning the Latin descriptions, in many cases to two words. The adoption by biologists of a system of strictly binomial nomenclature is due to Swedish botanist and physician
186:) containing many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus. Binomial nomenclature was introduced in order to provide succinct, relatively stable and verifiable names that could be used and understood internationally, unlike
1622:
The abbreviation "sp." is used when the actual specific name cannot or need not be specified. The abbreviation "spp." (plural) indicates "several species". These abbreviations are not italicised (or underlined). For example:
4108:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F. R.; Buck, W. R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D. L.; Herendeen, P. S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W. F.; Smith, G. F.; Wiersema, J. H.; Turland, N. J. (2012).
3084:
Radio San
Gabriel, "Instituto Radiofonico de Promoción Aymara" (IRPA) 1993, Republicado por Instituto de las Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLLA-A) 2011, Transcripción del Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, P.
742:
organisms. Binomial nomenclature is thus an important part of taxonomy as it is the system by which species are named. Taxonomists are also concerned with classification, including its principles, procedures and rules.
1664:
in Latin) is used to compare individuals/taxa with known/described species. Conventions for use of the "cf." qualifier vary. In paleontology, it is typically used when the identification is not confirmed. For example,
2150:
1502:
does not require the intermediate creation of a Latin form of a personal name, allowing the genitive ending to be added directly to the personal name. This explains the difference between the names of the plant
723:
Nomenclature (including binomial nomenclature) is not the same as classification, although the two are related. Classification is the ordering of items into groups based on similarities or differences; in
430:
Such "polynomial names" may sometimes look like binomials, but are significantly different. For example, Gerard's herbal (as amended by
Johnson) describes various kinds of spiderwort: "The first is called
1455:", has been suggested, although implementation is not in sight. (There is also a published code for a different system of biotic nomenclature, which does not use ranks above species, but instead names
3380:
International code of zoological nomenclature, adopted by the XV International
Congress of Zoology / Code international de nomenclature zoologique, adopté par le XVe Congrès international de zoologie
265:
Linnaeus, 1758". The name "Linnaeus" tells the reader who published the name and description for this species; 1758 is the year the name and original description were published (in this case, in the
2707:
2235:
999:. Latin nouns can have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, and many Latin adjectives will have two or three different endings, depending upon the gender of the noun they refer to. The
1254:
Whereas the first part of a binomial name must be unique within the purview of each nomenclatural code, the second part is quite commonly used in two or more genera (as is shown by examples of
2457:
The
Herball, or, Generall Historie of Plantes /gathered by John Gerarde of London, Master in Chirurgerie; very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Apothecarye of London
1678:
undescribed putative species (Ozark, Sheltowee, Wildcat, Ihiyo, and
Mamequit darters), notable for brightly colored nuptial males with distinctive color patterns, were referred to as "
530:, whose armies introduced eastern parakeets to Greece. Linnaeus's trivial names were much easier to remember and use than the parallel polynomial names, and eventually replaced them.
217:). Although the general principles underlying binomial nomenclature are common to these two codes, there are some differences in the terminology they use and their particular rules.
590:
Widespread use. The binomial system of nomenclature is governed by international codes and is used by biologists worldwide. A few binomials have also entered common speech, such as
1991:
1282:
752:
205:
2141:
1902:
below the level of species. Ranks above genus (e.g., family, order, class) receive one-part names, which are conventionally not written in italics. Thus, the house sparrow,
4112:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
1733:
recommends that the "original author and date of a name should be cited at least once in each work dealing with the taxon denoted by that name." For names governed by the
1690:(orangethroat darter). This view was supported to varying degrees by DNA analysis. The somewhat informal use of taxa names with qualifying abbreviations is referred to as
2146:
1641:". (These abbreviations should not be confused with the abbreviations "ssp." (zoology) or "subsp." (botany), plurals "sspp." or "subspp.", referring to one or more
1266:
From the early 19th century onwards it became ever more apparent that a body of rules was necessary to govern scientific names. In the course of time these became
555:
The value of the binomial nomenclature system derives primarily from its economy, its widespread use, and the uniqueness and stability of names that the Codes of
991:
The second part of the name, which identifies the species within the genus, is also treated grammatically as a Latin word. It can have one of a number of forms:
575:
Economy. Compared to the polynomial system which it replaced, a binomial name is shorter and easier to remember. It corresponds to the noun-adjective form many
2847:
1921:. In zoology, the only formal rank below species is subspecies and the name is written simply as three parts (a trinomen). Thus, one of the subspecies of the
1722:
the surname is usually written in full together with the date (normally only the year) of publication. One example of author citation of scientific name is: "
220:
In modern usage, the first letter of the generic name is always capitalized in writing, while that of the specific epithet is not, even when derived from a
2715:
2247:
1913:
Ranks below species receive three-part names, conventionally written in italics like the names of species. There are significant differences between the
1575:
When used with a common name, the scientific name often follows in parentheses, although this varies with publication. For example, "The house sparrow (
4142:
3844:
3782:
193:
The application of binomial nomenclature is now governed by various internationally agreed codes of rules, of which the two most important are the
4385:
1744:
When the original name is changed, e.g., the species is moved to a different genus, both codes use parentheses around the original authority; the
669:
are sufficiently different for them to be kept separate. Those who keep them separate give the plant commonly grown in gardens in Europe the name
579:
take to indicate a species within a group (for example, 'brown bear' to refer to a particular type of bear), as well as the widespread system of
3409:
3283:
1318:
1296:
3392:
4421:
2465:
1272:
195:
110:
623:
Uniqueness. Provided that taxonomists agree as to the limits of a species, it can have only one name that is correct under the appropriate
3248:
1334:
al nomenclature" is the technically correct term in zoology. A binomial name is also called a binomen (plural binomina) or binominal name.
1204:
would have been used. The person commemorated in the binomial name is not usually (if ever) the person who created the name; for example,
631:". Furthermore, within zoology or botany, each species name applies to only one species. If a name is used more than once, it is called a
3905:
1996:
238:. Often, after a species name is introduced in a text, the generic name is abbreviated to the first letter in subsequent mentions (e.g.,
3956:
Near, T. J.; Bossu, C. M.; Bradburd, G. S.; Carlson, R. L.; Harrington, R. C.; Hollingsworth, P. R.; Keck, B. P.; Etnier, D. A. (2011).
3759:
3515:
2405:
2274:
3383:(in French and English). Vol. 1961 (1 ed.). London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. pp. 11, 148.
2001:
3813:
1986:
4224:
4110:
3647:
2756:
1697:
In some contexts, the dagger symbol ("†") may be used before or after the binomial name to indicate that the species is extinct.
816:, "tree". Greek words are often converted to a Latinized form. Thus coca (the plant from which cocaine is obtained) has the name
2864:
2301:
Stearn, William T. (1959). "The
Background of Linnaeus's Contributions to the Nomenclature and Methods of Systematic Biology".
1848:
3022:
4120:
4091:
4070:
4051:
4022:
3940:
3729:
3687:
3619:
3361:
2965:
2936:
2690:
2632:
2596:
2567:
2530:
2499:
2438:
2399:
61:
1766:
L. – "L." is the standard abbreviation for "Linnaeus"; the absence of parentheses shows that this is his original name.
1619:, these two both often appearing in this form in popular writing even where the full genus name has not already been given.
653:
Stability. Although stability is far from absolute, the procedures associated with establishing binomial names, such as the
4431:
3426:
3201:
3038:
2778:
Michener, Charles D. (1964). "The possible use of uninominal nomenclature to increase the stability of names in biology".
1105:
The second part of a binomial may be a noun in the nominative case. An example is the binomial name of the lion, which is
3549:
1258:
above), but cannot be used more than once within a single genus. The full binomial name must be unique within each code.
249:
for a binomial name is usually given, at least when it is first mentioned, and the year of publication may be specified.
4727:
3287:
3030:
2336:
1337:
Both codes consider the first part of the two-part name for a species to be the "generic name". In the zoological code (
4684:
995:
The second part of a binomial may be an adjective. If so, the form of the adjective must agree with the genus name in
2814:
1874:
1856:
1741:
maintains an approved list of botanical author abbreviations. Historically, abbreviations were used in zoology too.
474:) after a generic name (genus name) in a system of binomial nomenclature. Trivial names had already appeared in his
4750:
4186:
3713:
2813:
Cantino, P. D.; Bryant, H. D.; de
Queiroz, K.; Donoghue, M. J.; Eriksson, T.; Hillis, D. M.; Lee, M. S. Y. (1999).
1330:"Binomial nomenclature" is the correct term for botany, although it is also used by zoologists. Since 1961, "binomi
502:). The Bauhins' genus names were retained in many of these, but the descriptive part was reduced to a single word.
4550:
3990:
1738:
1367:
The starting points, the time from which these codes are in effect (retroactively), vary from group to group. In
443:, Soon-Fading Spiderwort of Virginia". The Latin phrases are short descriptions, rather than identifying labels.
266:
228:
in normal text (or underlined in handwriting). Thus the binomial name of the annual phlox (named after botanist
4755:
4596:
3790:
3166:
2366:
2243:
1910:. Family names are normally based on genus names, although the endings used differ between zoology and botany.
1852:
915:
2461:
2188:
2110:. It is written in italic form. Followed by the last name of the scientist who discovered it (Heinrich Benno
1971:
1473:
As noted above, there are some differences between the codes in how binomials can be formed; for example the
1515:
requires names not published in the form required by the code to be corrected to conform to it, whereas the
4556:
1052:
is neuter. Some common endings for Latin adjectives in the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) are
17:
4017:. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Staffordshire, England: T. & A. D. Poyser. pp. 114–115.
3548:. Successful Learning, Center for Development of Teaching and Learning, National University of Singapore.
1481:
does not. Another difference is in how personal names are used in forming specific names or epithets. The
1352:, the plant code, does not allow the two parts of a binomial name to be the same (such a name is called a
4217:
4155:
3859:
3141:
3055:
3008:
1896:
517:
1583:
then be abbreviated to an initial (and a period/full stop). For example, a list of members of the genus
707:
639:
378:
may validly refer to either of the epithets in the binomial name, which can equally be referred to as a
4689:
4247:
3050:
1780:
1326:), a taxonomic code, which determines taxa as well as names. These codes differ in certain ways, e.g.:
952:
The first part of the name, which identifies the genus, must be a word which can be treated as a Latin
944:
229:
4674:
4544:
4365:
2147:"Article 5. Principle of Binominal Nomenclature | International Code of Zoological Nomenclature"
2036:
1708:
487:
3406:
4679:
3378:
1837:
1809:
1712:
1599:". In rare cases, this abbreviated form has spread to more general use; for example, the bacterium
1381:
the starting point is 1758 (1 January 1758 is considered the date of the publication of Linnaeus's
1209:
1142:(possessive) case. The genitive case is constructed in a number of ways in Latin, depending on the
895:
31:
3100:
2455:
3703:
1888:
1841:
556:
512:
495:
4717:
4654:
4416:
4210:
3679:
3672:
3232:
2006:
1892:
1762:
1200:
endings show that in each case Hodgson was a man (not the same one); had Hodgson been a woman,
564:
560:
298:
126:
3885:
3611:
2620:
2520:
2428:
1099:
372:
was used to signify one term in a binomial expression in mathematics. In fact, the Latin word
3707:
3667:
3504:
2680:
2584:
2389:
1954:
1771:
1388:
522:
307:
142:– distinguishes the species within the genus. For example, modern humans belong to the genus
35:
3353:
2270:
4461:
4373:
4341:
4309:
4277:
4269:
3102:
Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua
1981:
907:
482:
3789:. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. Archived from
3154:
2708:"Hyacinthaceae – little blue bulbs (RHS Plant Trials and Awards, Bulletin Number 11)"
1212:, in honour of Hodgson. Rather than a person, the noun may be related to a place, as with
8:
4649:
4586:
4524:
4357:
4261:
2980:
2011:
1527:
By tradition, the binomial names of species are usually typeset in italics; for example,
1214:
1038:
886:
527:
4604:
56:
4644:
4441:
4405:
4400:
4011:
3821:
3751:
3346:
2795:
2318:
1922:
1650:
1267:
1181:
1176:
1130:
996:
980:
961:
953:
862:
731:
725:
654:
628:
568:
70:
4126:
3653:
2738:
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4446:
4410:
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4317:
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4087:
4066:
4047:
4018:
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3936:
3929:
3743:
3735:
3725:
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3615:
3588:
3357:
3158:
3086:
2961:
2932:
2872:
2839:
2686:
2628:
2592:
2563:
2526:
2495:
2434:
2395:
2016:
1935:
1792:
1691:
1373:
1166:
in the plural. The noun may be part of a person's name, often the surname, as in the
939:
858:
845:
818:
671:
632:
624:
610:
460:
277:
170:
156:
4659:
4484:
3755:
2236:"What's in a name? A history of taxonomy: Linnaeus and the birth of modern taxonomy"
1564:. A capital was also used when the name is formed by two nouns in apposition, e.g.,
405:(1707–1778), a Swedish botanist, invented the modern system of binomial nomenclature
89:, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a
4576:
4479:
4301:
4285:
4079:
3996:
3969:
3717:
3491:
3467:
3384:
3376:
3320:
3150:
2907:
2829:
2787:
2310:
2175:
2137:
1737:
the name is generally reduced to a standard abbreviation and the date omitted. The
1601:
1224:
1167:
1143:
734:
includes both nomenclature and classification. Its first stages (sometimes called "
544:
476:
234:
4509:
1113:
to the genus name and the two nouns do not have to agree in gender; in this case,
4614:
4581:
4519:
4514:
4504:
4436:
4293:
4253:
3413:
3060:
2649:
1383:
1371:
the starting point will often be in 1753 (the year Carl Linnaeus first published
1233:
957:
854:
604:
261:
4540:
4494:
3434:
3209:
3003:
85:
of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use
4694:
4561:
4474:
4081:
3958:"Phylogeny and temporal diversification of darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)"
2984:
2953:
1976:
1930:
1238:
1222:". Another use of genitive nouns is in, for example, the name of the bacterium
1219:
767:
735:
696:
element of the name is constant, as are its authorship and year of publication.
644:
451:
423:
418:
412:
Plantago foliis ovato-lanceolatus pubescentibus, spica cylindrica, scapo tereti
175:
3721:
3541:
2344:
1572:. In current usage, the second part is never written with an initial capital.
4744:
4669:
4639:
4566:
4469:
4333:
4325:
4233:
3747:
3592:
3046:
2912:
2895:
2747:
1611:
1291:
1139:
1000:
899:
891:
799:
789:
538:
455:
402:
165:
86:
4192:
4144:
Plant Names: A Guide for Horticulturists, Nurserymen, Gardeners and Students
3974:
3957:
3388:
2834:
2077:
The modern notation was resisted by some, partly because writing names like
1341:), the second part of the name is a "specific name". In the botanical code (
861:. Since many dinosaur fossils were found in Mongolia, their names often use
4571:
3983:
3162:
2843:
2619:
Russell, Peter J.; Wolfe, Stephen L.; Hertz, Paul E.; Starr, Cecie (2007).
2231:
1529:
1395:
966:
794:
592:
414:("plantain with pubescent ovate-lanceolate leaves, a cylindric spike and a
187:
150:
48:
2896:"The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)"
738:") are concerned with finding, describing and naming species of living or
520:, an English botanist and gardener. A bird in the parrot family was named
4634:
4499:
3709:
Scientific Writing and Communication in Agriculture and Natural Resources
3271:
580:
576:
221:
30:"Latin name" redirects here. For personal names in the Roman Empire, see
4197:
3931:
Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico
1545:." When handwritten, a binomial name should be underlined; for example,
351:
340:
4115:. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Königstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
2799:
2343:. Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. Archived from
2322:
2035:
Some sources say that both John Tradescant the Younger and his father,
1907:
1674:
1642:
1403:
Summary of terminology for the names of species in the ICZN and ICNafp
1110:
659:
584:
43:
3608:
Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentations and Reports
398:
4629:
4624:
4489:
4086:(4th ed.). The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
3348:
Guide to reference and information sources in the zoological sciences
3237: – A New Plant from Lower Devonian of Southeastern Yunnan China"
2391:
University botany: Angiosperms, plant embryology and plant physiology
1461:
877:
771:
616:
357:
225:
4664:
4063:
Plant Names Simplified: Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning
3132:
2791:
2492:
Plant Names Simplified: Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning
2314:
1826:
1125:
918:
or other re-orderings of existing names. Thus the name of the genus
4181:
2958:
Dry Store Room No. 1: The Secret Life of the Natural History Museum
1753:
1646:
1353:
1305:
323:
does not require that the dates of either publication be specified.
3739:
3433:. International Union of Microbiological Societies. Archived from
2184:
2179:
4609:
1748:
also requires the person who made the change to be given. In the
1723:
1686:" because they had been viewed as related to, but distinct from,
1378:
1360:, the animal code, does. Thus the American bison has the binomen
1309:
1012:
867:
598:
302:
L." – "L." is the standard abbreviation used for "Linnaeus".
254:
224:
such as the name of a person or place. Similarly, both parts are
82:
4202:
1796:(Linnaeus, 1758) – the original name given by Linnaeus was
4151:
3894:
from a late Quaternary cave deposit in northern Matanzas, Cuba"
3137:
as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States"
2812:
2185:"Glossary | International Code of Zoological Nomenclature"
1992:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
1808:
does not require the name of the person who changed the genus (
1368:
1283:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1146:
of the noun. Common endings for masculine and neuter nouns are
975:
971:
926:
920:
753:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
739:
665:
447:
415:
311:(L.) Rothm." – Linnaeus first named this bluebell species
291:
206:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
914:
Other sources. Some binomial names have been constructed from
718:
3039:
3031:
3023:
2107:
2059:
2049:
1775:(L.) Rothm. – Linnaeus first named the Italian bluebell
1629:
1456:
1313:
931:
835:
803:
763:
345:
164:
introduction of this system of naming species is credited to
131:
4080:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999).
3377:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1961).
1519:
is more protective of the form used by the original author.
884:
Names of people (often naturalists or biologists). The name
439:, Unbranched Spiderwort. The other ... is aptly termed
134:
to which the species belongs, whereas the second part – the
34:. For the practice of rendering names in a Latin style, see
1537:
different from that used in the normal text; for example, "
1534:
1011:("domestic") simply means "associated with the house". The
985:
281:(Linnaeus, 1758)". The original name given by Linnaeus was
144:
3668:"Linnaean Nomenclature of Plants, Animals, & Bacteria"
3564:
2048:
The ending "-on" may derive from the neuter Greek ending -
1486:
person or persons"). This produces specific epithets like
938:. For example, Ratcliffe described a number of species of
3696:
3587:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. xix.
2589:
Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications
2485:
2483:
2460:. Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers and the
2142:
Chapter 2, Article 5. Principle of Binominal Nomenclature
1657:
1468:
935:
366:, Latin for 'name'). In Medieval Latin, the related word
3997:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
3955:
3542:"Understanding and Learning Scientific Names of Species"
3492:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
3468:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
3321:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2176:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2138:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2133:
2131:
1952:; the white-flowered form of the ivy-leaved cyclamen is
840:(-on) is often converted to the Latin neuter ending -um.
2490:
Johnson, A. T.; Smith, H. A.; Stockdale, A. P. (2019).
1364:; a name of this kind would not be allowed for a plant.
121:
a typographic error, meaning "two-name naming system".
117:, with an "n" before the "al" in "binominal", which is
3370:
2618:
2480:
1451:
Unifying the different codes into a single code, the "
1398:
started anew, with a starting point on 1 January 1980.
3098:
2489:
2358:
2128:
1673:" was used to indicate "a fossil bird similar to the
688:, or as only a subspecies, in which case its name is
4083:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature online
486:(1751). This trivial name is what is now known as a
3652:. Sydney, NSW: Macquarie University. Archived from
2171:
2169:
1138:The second part of a binomial may be a noun in the
1098:, meaning "smaller"). For further information, see
684:from the European robin, in which case its name is
105:; more informally it is also historically called a
4010:
3928:
3671:
3345:
3131:Childs, James E.; Paddock, Christopher D. (2003).
2097:is derived from the Greek name for the cornflower.
4065:. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop.
3610:. Oxford; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. p.
2736:
1533:. Generally, the binomial should be printed in a
1439:species name, binary combination, binomial (name)
4742:
4154:, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Archived from
3352:. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. p.
3089:1612 (Spanish-Aymara-Aymara-Spanish dictionary)
2166:
1627:sp." means "an unspecified species of the genus
1236:". This formation is common in parasites, as in
3269:
2682:Dictionary of concepts in physical anthropology
2514:
2512:
2180:Glossary – "binomen", "nomenclature, binominal"
2114:), a comma, and the year when it was published.
1556:capital letter was used. Thus, the modern form
960:. It must be unique within the purview of each
746:
190:which are usually different in every language.
93:(which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a
3660:
3582:
3284:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3202:"Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature: Puns"
2705:
2627:. Vol. 2. Cengage Learning. p. 493.
1637:spp." means "two or more species of the genus
1319:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1297:International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
160:is likely the most widely known binomial. The
4218:
4041:
4008:
3605:
3427:"A short history of the Bacteriological Code"
3308:
3187:
3130:
3118:
3072:
2714:. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from
2545:
2453:
1694:and it is not subject to strict usage codes.
1273:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
843:Other languages. The second part of the name
196:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
111:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
4060:
4044:Plants and their names: A concise dictionary
3570:
3505:"How to Write Scientific Names of Organisms"
2979:
2815:"Species names in phylogenetic nomenclature"
2585:"Contemporary Issues of the Species Concept"
2509:
2341:Le Trésor de la langue française informatisé
1477:allows both parts to be the same, while the
1188:). The meaning is "of the person named", so
464:that he began consistently using a one-word
3108:. La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
1997:List of organisms named after famous people
1855:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
719:Relationship to classification and taxonomy
469:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
349:
4225:
4211:
2991:. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. p. 8.
2685:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 53.
1109:. Grammatically the noun is said to be in
3973:
3649:Writing Guide: Language, Words and Format
2911:
2833:
2706:Dashwood, Melanie; Mathew, Brian (2005).
2678:
2672:
2420:
2002:List of zoologists by author abbreviation
1875:Learn how and when to remove this message
1522:
970:is an extinct species of plant, found as
964:, but can be repeated between them. Thus
587:(s) used to name people in many cultures.
3926:
3883:
3842:
3702:
2893:
2777:
2582:
2576:
2560:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2518:
2381:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2085:is an adjective which should agree with
1987:List of botanists by author abbreviation
1498:for the Braun sisters. By contrast, the
1124:
774:. Thus, both parts of the binomial name
638:
537:
458:(1707–1778). It was in Linnaeus's 1753
397:
315:; Rothmaler transferred it to the genus
77:("two-term naming system"), also called
55:
42:
3935:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. plate 52.
3674:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
3640:
3343:
2926:
2737:Bergmann, H. H.; Schottler, B. (2001).
2557:
2494:. Sheffield, Yorkshire: 5M Publishing.
2226:
2224:
2222:
2211:Busby, Arthur III; et al. (1997).
1929:. Informally, in some circumstances, a
1752:, the original name is then called the
1615:is perhaps even better known simply as
14:
4743:
4723:
4193:Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature
4140:
3805:
3424:
3272:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
2952:
2946:
2647:
2612:
2454:Gerard, John; Johnson, Thomas (1636).
2300:
1469:Differences in handling personal names
1158:in the plural, and for feminine nouns
526:, meaning "Alexander's parrot", after
168:, effectively beginning with his work
4206:
3774:
3497:
3155:10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112728
2522:Systema naturae 250: The Linnaean ark
2426:
2394:. New Age International. p. 34.
2387:
2289:
2210:
1425:species name, binomen, binominal name
1280:) governs the naming of animals, the
911:, is widespread in the United States.
905:Names of places. The lone star tick,
148:and within this genus to the species
62:Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi
4061:Johnson, A.T.; Smith, H. A. (1972).
3908:from the original on 27 January 2018
3314:
3290:from the original on 26 October 2012
3230:
2894:Shipunov, Alexey (16 January 2013).
2887:
2857:
2853:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2468:from the original on 11 October 2017
2433:. Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 266.
2408:from the original on 2 February 2023
2277:from the original on 17 October 2016
2219:
2191:from the original on 6 February 2023
1853:adding citations to reliable sources
1820:
675:; those who do not give it the name
4046:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4042:Hyam, R.; Pankhurst, R. J. (1995).
3533:
2931:. London: Elsevier Academic Press.
2641:
435:, Branched Spiderwort; the second,
24:
4685:Linnean Society of New South Wales
4134:
3811:
3762:from the original on 28 March 2023
3539:
3395:from the original on 29 March 2023
3270:Iskandar, D.; Mumpuni, D. (2004).
3169:from the original on 7 August 2020
3001:
2369:from the original on 11 April 2023
2268:
2153:from the original on 29 March 2023
1783:later transferred it to the genus
113:(ICZN), the system is also called
25:
4767:
4232:
4174:
3927:Page, L. M.; Burr, B. M. (1991).
3780:
3714:Springer International Publishing
3678:. Merriam-Webster. 2003. p.
3552:from the original on 21 July 2011
3199:
2989:Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy
2621:"Species Concepts and Speciation"
2430:Linnaeus: The compleat naturalist
2230:
2058:, or the masculine Greek ending -
1037:is masculine. The tropical fruit
930:. Names may also be derived from
924:is derived by reversing the name
834:, wood. The Greek neuter ending -
778:are Latin words, meaning "wise" (
648:, the Tenerife robin or petirrojo
124:The first part of the name – the
4722:
4713:
4712:
4384:
4180:
4009:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988).
3898:Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
3521:from the original on 4 July 2011
3251:from the original on 7 July 2011
2650:"General Principles of Taxonomy"
2106:Here Amabela is the name of the
1825:
1192:means "Hodgson's magnolia". The
826:is derived from the Greek words
762:Latin, from any period, whether
516:, where the genus name honoured
508:Phalangium ephemerum virginianum
441:Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum
184:Illustrated exposition of plants
4141:Crinan, Alexander, ed. (2007).
4035:
4002:
3949:
3920:
3877:
3836:
3628:
3606:Silyn-Roberts, Heather (2000).
3599:
3576:
3485:
3473:
3461:
3449:
3418:
3337:
3325:
3302:
3263:
3224:
3193:
3181:
3124:
3112:
3092:
3078:
3066:
3016:
2995:
2973:
2920:
2806:
2771:
2759:from the original on 7 May 2019
2730:
2699:
2625:The Linnaean System of Taxonomy
2551:
2539:
2447:
2100:
2089:, i.e. that the name should be
2071:
2042:
2029:
1739:International Plant Names Index
1064:(as in the previous example of
174:in 1753. But as early as 1622,
81:, is a formal system of naming
52:, the orca or the killer whale
3540:Tan, Hugh T.W.; Tan, Kai-xin.
3099:Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007).
2743: – a species of its own?"
2351:
2329:
2262:
2244:Natural History Museum, London
2204:
1816:
984:is a species of frog found in
246:
13:
1:
4619:including the Linnaeus Museum
4551:Elisabeth Christina von Linné
3585:Glossary of the British Flora
2741:Erithacus (rubecula) superbus
2462:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2121:
1972:Glossary of scientific naming
1933:may be appended. For example
1605:is often referred to as just
338:is composed of two elements:
4152:Horticultural Taxonomy Group
4107:
3858:(1): 223–227. Archived from
3634:
3479:
3455:
3331:
2960:, London: Harper Perennial,
2927:Simpson, Michael G. (2006).
2648:Darpan, Pratiyogita (2007).
2562:. London: Christopher Helm.
2273:. Kyoto University Library.
2213:A Guide to Rocks and Fossils
2039:, were intended by Linnaeus.
1702:
1579:) is decreasing in Europe."
1290:) that of plants (including
1246:means "of the wasps", since
1100:Latin declension: Adjectives
747:Derivation of binomial names
329:
7:
3583:Gilbert-Carter, H. (1955).
3142:Annual Review of Entomology
3009:Online Etymology Dictionary
2679:Stevenson, Joan C. (1991).
1965:
1927:Anthus hodgsoni berezowskii
1897:Infraspecific name (botany)
853:, the name of the plant in
700:
690:Erithacus rubecula superbus
645:Erithacus rubecula superbus
518:John Tradescant the Younger
421:"), which we know today as
10:
4772:
4690:Linnean Tercentenary Medal
3814:"Taxonomy – A Primer"
3706:; Nair, Vimala D. (2014).
3512:Competition Science Vision
3243:(in Chinese and English).
3040:
3032:
3024:
2654:Competition Science Vision
2558:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2525:. CRC Press. p. 189.
2066:Rhodochiton atrosanguineus
2060:
2050:
1886:
1706:
1316:names are governed by the
1041:is a product of the plant
945:Cyclocephala nodanotherwon
836:
804:
750:
393:
348:prefix meaning 'two') and
29:
4708:
4675:Linnean Society of London
4595:
4545:Carl Linnaeus the Younger
4533:
4460:
4413:(Linnaean classification)
4393:
4382:
4366:Mantissa Plantarum Altera
4240:
3722:10.1007/978-3-319-03101-9
3425:Sneath, P. H. A. (2003).
3309:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3188:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3119:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3073:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
2546:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
2519:Polaszek, Andrew (2009).
2037:John Tradescant the Elder
1709:Author citation (zoology)
1494:for Wilson (female), and
1387:, 10th Edition, and also
894:, a French botanist, and
890:commemorates two people:
726:biological classification
267:10th edition of the book
245:In scientific works, the
4680:Swedish Linnaeus Society
3704:Nair, P. K. Ramachandran
3571:Johnson & Smith 1972
3470:, Chap. 7, Article 3.1.2
2913:10.11646/bionomina.4.1.3
2591:. Springer. p. 86.
2271:"Pinax theatri botanici"
2022:
1906:, belongs to the family
1810:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
1779:; that is the basionym.
1713:Author citation (botany)
1428:generic name, genus name
1261:
1210:Charles Wallace Richmond
881:meaning "beautiful one".
548:, commonly shortened to
533:
32:Roman naming conventions
4751:Biological nomenclature
4422:Zoological nomenclature
3494:, Chap. 7, Article 32.3
3389:10.5962/bhl.title.50303
3344:Schmidt, Diane (2003).
3056:A Greek–English Lexicon
2835:10.1080/106351599260012
2583:Van Dyke, Fred (2008).
2427:Blunt, Wilfrid (2004).
1889:Biological nomenclature
1543:fossils were discovered
1250:is a parasite of wasps.
513:Tradescantia virginiana
178:introduced in his book
87:Latin grammatical forms
4432:Taxa named by Linnaeus
4417:Botanical nomenclature
4198:NCBI Taxonomy Database
4187:List of valid homonyms
3231:Geng, Bao-Yin (1985).
2865:"HemiHomonym Database"
2007:Scientific terminology
1893:Trinomial nomenclature
1763:Amaranthus retroflexus
1523:Writing binomial names
1134:
1084:, meaning "sad"); and
1003:has the binomial name
875:, meaning "brain", or
808:, itself derived from
649:
571:Nomenclature provide:
552:
470:
437:Phalangium non ramosum
406:
386:
380:
374:
368:
362:
350:
339:
299:Amaranthus retroflexus
203:) for animals and the
180:Pinax theatri botanici
115:binominal nomenclature
66:
65:, the San Pedro cactus
53:
4756:Neo-Latin terminology
4427:Binomial nomenclature
4248:Linnaeus bibliography
3999:, Recommendation 51a.
3975:10.1093/sysbio/syr052
3884:Orihuela, J. (2013).
3843:Bengtson, P. (1988).
3412:29 March 2023 at the
3047:Liddell, Henry George
2388:Reddy, S. M. (2007).
1955:Cyclamen hederifolium
1772:Hyacinthoides italica
1688:Etheostoma spectabile
1587:might be written as "
1128:
655:principle of priority
642:
541:
401:
308:Hyacinthoides italica
75:binomial nomenclature
59:
46:
36:Latinisation of names
27:Species naming system
4557:Students of Linnaeus
4462:Apostles of Linnaeus
4374:Systema Vegetabilium
4342:Philosophia Botanica
4310:Hortus Cliffortianus
4270:Bibliotheca Botanica
4161:on 27 September 2013
3783:"Plant Nomenclature"
3637:, Recommendation 60F
3458:, Recommendation 60C
3241:Acta Botanica Sinica
3135:Amblyomma americanum
1982:Hybrid name (botany)
1849:improve this section
1172:Pantholops hodgsonii
1162:in the singular and
1154:in the singular and
1033:is feminine whereas
908:Amblyomma americanum
802:from the Greek word
483:Philosophia Botanica
232:) is now written as
4655:Linnaeus's Hammarby
4650:Linnaeus University
4587:George Clifford III
4525:Carl Peter Thunberg
4358:Centuria Insectorum
4262:Fundamenta Botanica
3886:"Fossil Cuban crow
3845:"Open nomenclature"
3793:on 11 December 2012
3635:McNeill et al. 2012
3480:McNeill et al. 2012
3456:McNeill et al. 2012
3332:McNeill et al. 2012
3206:CuriousTaxonomy.net
3133:"The ascendancy of
2056:Rhodoxylon floridum
2012:Species description
1798:Fringilla domestica
1511:. Furthermore, the
1490:for Lecard (male),
1404:
1215:Latimeria chalumnae
887:Magnolia campbellii
528:Alexander the Great
523:Psittacus alexandri
283:Fringilla domestica
79:binary nomenclature
4645:Linnaeus Arboretum
4442:History of biology
4406:Linnaean Herbarium
4401:Taxonomy (biology)
3962:Systematic Biology
3781:Jenks, Matthew A.
2985:Heywood, Vernon H.
2822:Systematic Biology
2780:Systematic Zoology
2767:– via Issuu.
2365:. 27 August 2022.
2303:Systematic Zoology
2250:on 18 October 2014
1923:olive-backed pipit
1656:The abbreviation "
1651:infraspecific name
1505:Magnolia hodgsonii
1402:
1268:nomenclature codes
1218:, meaning "of the
1190:Magnolia hodgsonii
1182:olive-backed pipit
1177:Magnolia hodgsonii
1135:
1131:Magnolia hodgsonii
962:nomenclatural code
916:taxonomic anagrams
896:Archibald Campbell
686:Erithacus superbus
650:
553:
433:Phalangium ramosum
407:
67:
54:
4738:
4737:
4700:Linneus, Missouri
4452:Scientific racism
4447:History of botany
4411:Linnaean taxonomy
4350:Species Plantarum
4318:Classes Plantarum
4278:Musa Cliffortiana
4122:978-3-87429-425-6
4093:978-0-85301-006-7
4072:978-0-900513-04-6
4053:978-0-19-866189-4
4024:978-0-85661-048-6
3942:978-0-547-24206-4
3865:on 6 October 2014
3731:978-3-319-03101-9
3689:978-0-87779-809-5
3621:978-0-7506-4636-9
3363:978-1-56308-977-0
3087:Ludovico Bertonio
3002:Harper, Douglas.
2967:978-0-00-720989-7
2938:978-0-12-644460-5
2929:Plant Systematics
2692:978-0-313-24756-9
2634:978-0-495-01033-3
2598:978-1-4020-6890-4
2569:978-1-4081-2501-4
2532:978-1-4200-9501-2
2501:978-1-910455-06-7
2440:978-0-7112-2362-2
2401:978-81-224-1547-6
2269:Bauhin, Gaspard.
2081:can suggest that
2017:Undescribed taxon
1936:Harmonia axyridis
1904:Passer domesticus
1885:
1884:
1877:
1793:Passer domesticus
1756:. Some examples:
1692:open nomenclature
1612:Tyrannosaurus rex
1577:Passer domesticus
1562:Berberis Darwinii
1558:Berberis darwinii
1459:. This is called
1449:
1448:
1445:specific epithet
1374:Species Plantarum
1043:Lansium parasitic
1005:Passer domesticus
978:, China, whereas
940:rhinoceros beetle
846:Erythroxylum coca
819:Erythroxylum coca
672:Chionodoxa siehei
625:nomenclature code
611:Tyrannosaurus rex
461:Species Plantarum
278:Passer domesticus
171:Species Plantarum
157:Tyrannosaurus rex
130:– identifies the
16:(Redirected from
4763:
4726:
4725:
4716:
4715:
4605:Expedition Linné
4577:Herman Boerhaave
4480:Johan Peter Falk
4388:
4302:Genera Plantarum
4286:Critica Botanica
4227:
4220:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4185:Data related to
4184:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4149:
4130:
4125:. Archived from
4104:
4102:
4100:
4076:
4057:
4029:
4028:
4016:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3849:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3824:on 7 August 2011
3820:. Archived from
3818:Peripatus.Gen.nz
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3677:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3656:on 29 June 2011.
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3509:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3422:
3416:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3351:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3208:. Archived from
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2871:. Archived from
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2739:"Tenerife robin
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2718:on 6 August 2011
2703:
2697:
2696:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2246:. Archived from
2228:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2135:
2115:
2104:
2098:
2079:Centaurea cyanus
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2033:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1829:
1821:
1602:Escherichia coli
1570:Centaurea Cyanus
1405:
1401:
1225:Escherichia coli
1168:Tibetan antelope
1117:is feminine and
1024:Nandina domestic
1017:Nandina domestic
849:is derived from
839:
838:
807:
806:
577:vernacular names
545:Escherichia coli
488:specific epithet
477:Critica Botanica
473:
450:, in particular
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
355:
235:Phlox drummondii
140:specific epithet
21:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4704:
4615:Linnaean Garden
4591:
4582:Johannes Burman
4529:
4520:Anders Sparrman
4515:Daniel Solander
4505:Daniel Rolander
4456:
4437:Natural history
4389:
4380:
4294:Flora Lapponica
4254:Systema Naturae
4241:Published works
4236:
4231:
4177:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4147:
4137:
4135:Further reading
4123:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4073:
4054:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4007:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3812:Clowes, Chris.
3810:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3787:Hort.Purdue.edu
3779:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3732:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3604:
3600:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3546:CDTL.NUS.edu.sg
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3482:, Article 60.12
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3419:
3414:Wayback Machine
3398:
3396:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3280:IUCNRedList.org
3268:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3061:Perseus Project
3021:
3017:
3000:
2996:
2981:Davis, Peter H.
2978:
2974:
2968:
2954:Fortey, Richard
2951:
2947:
2939:
2925:
2921:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2792:10.2307/2411777
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2488:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2347:on 6 June 2017.
2335:
2334:
2330:
2315:10.2307/2411603
2299:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2229:
2220:
2209:
2205:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2091:Centaurea cyana
2076:
2072:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2025:
1968:
1899:
1887:Main articles:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1846:
1830:
1819:
1715:
1707:Main articles:
1705:
1560:was written as
1525:
1509:Anthus hodgsoni
1471:
1384:Systema Naturae
1356:), whereas the
1264:
1206:Anthus hodgsoni
1186:Anthus hodgsoni
958:nominative case
790:Classical Greek
782:) "human/man" (
755:
749:
721:
708:agree in gender
703:
605:Boa constrictor
536:
396:
332:
269:Systema Naturae
262:Patella vulgata
230:Thomas Drummond
103:scientific name
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4720:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4695:Linneus, Maine
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Linné (crater)
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:Gaspard Bauhin
4559:
4554:
4548:
4537:
4535:
4534:Related people
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Peter Forsskål
4482:
4477:
4475:Andreas Berlin
4472:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4189:at Wikispecies
4176:
4175:External links
4173:
4172:
4171:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4129:on 7 May 2017.
4121:
4105:
4092:
4077:
4071:
4058:
4052:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4001:
3989:
3968:(5): 565–595.
3948:
3941:
3919:
3876:
3835:
3804:
3773:
3730:
3716:. p. 39.
3695:
3688:
3680:22a – 23a
3659:
3639:
3627:
3620:
3598:
3575:
3563:
3532:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3437:on 24 May 2012
3417:
3369:
3362:
3336:
3324:
3313:
3301:
3262:
3247:(4): 419–426.
3235:Huia recurvata
3223:
3212:on 19 May 2011
3192:
3180:
3149:(1): 307–337.
3123:
3111:
3091:
3077:
3065:
3015:
3004:"rhododendron"
2994:
2972:
2966:
2945:
2937:
2919:
2886:
2875:on 12 May 2015
2856:
2828:(4): 790–807.
2805:
2786:(4): 182–190.
2770:
2729:
2698:
2691:
2671:
2660:(114): 764–767
2640:
2633:
2611:
2597:
2575:
2568:
2550:
2538:
2531:
2508:
2500:
2479:
2446:
2439:
2419:
2400:
2380:
2350:
2328:
2288:
2261:
2218:
2215:. p. 103.
2203:
2165:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2099:
2070:
2041:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Botanical name
1974:
1967:
1964:
1946:Sambucus nigra
1883:
1882:
1833:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:) to be given.
1788:
1777:Scilla italica
1767:
1727:Möschler, 1880
1704:
1701:
1649:(zoology) and
1524:
1521:
1470:
1467:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1431:specific name
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1392:Aranei Svecici
1365:
1346:
1335:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1248:Xenos vesparum
1239:Xenos vesparum
1232:means "of the
1220:Chalumna River
1123:
1122:
1103:
967:Huia recurvata
950:
949:
912:
903:
898:, a doctor in
882:
841:
812:, "rose", and
787:
748:
745:
736:alpha taxonomy
720:
717:
702:
699:
698:
697:
637:
636:
621:
588:
542:The bacterium
535:
532:
471:nomen triviale
424:Plantago media
395:
392:
331:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
313:Scilla italica
303:
288:
287:
286:
273:
176:Gaspard Bauhin
120:
99:binominal name
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4768:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4670:Linnean Medal
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:7412 Linnaeus
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Johann Bauhin
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Göran Rothman
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Adam Afzelius
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:Fauna Svecica
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:Flora Svecica
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4234:Carl Linnaeus
4228:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4026:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3923:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3880:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3852:Palaeontology
3846:
3839:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3573:, p. 23.
3572:
3567:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:p148 Glossary
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3317:
3311:, p. 334
3310:
3305:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3200:Isaak, Mark.
3196:
3190:, p. 329
3189:
3184:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3121:, p. 303
3120:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3075:, p. 182
3074:
3069:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3051:Scott, Robert
3048:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3019:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2748:Dutch Birding
2744:
2742:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2548:, p. 502
2547:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2484:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:Knapp, Sandra
2227:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2207:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2057:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1834:This section
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:; unlike the
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1785:Hyacinthoides
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:Several more
1536:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:and the bird
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1292:cyanobacteria
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:was named by
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:), the shrub
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1121:is masculine.
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1013:sacred bamboo
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:house sparrow
998:
994:
993:
992:
989:
988:, Indonesia.
987:
983:
982:
977:
973:
969:
968:
963:
959:
955:
947:
946:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
923:
922:
917:
913:
910:
909:
904:
901:
900:British India
897:
893:
892:Pierre Magnol
889:
888:
883:
880:
879:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
842:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
801:
798:was named by
797:
796:
791:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
759:
754:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
727:
716:
712:
709:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
677:Scilla siehei
674:
673:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:
647:
646:
641:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
594:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
547:
546:
540:
531:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
514:
509:
503:
501:
497:
496:specific name
493:
489:
485:
484:
479:
478:
472:
467:
463:
462:
457:
456:Carl Linnaeus
453:
452:Caspar Bauhin
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
428:
426:
425:
420:
417:
413:
404:
403:Carl Linnaeus
400:
391:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
359:
354:
353:
347:
343:
342:
337:
322:
318:
317:Hyacinthoides
314:
310:
309:
304:
301:
300:
295:
294:
293:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:
252:
251:
250:
248:
243:
241:
240:P. drummondii
237:
236:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
167:
166:Carl Linnaeus
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:specific name
133:
129:
128:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:binomial name
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
64:
63:
58:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4728:
4618:
4597:Recognitions
4572:Peter Artedi
4495:Pehr Löfling
4426:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4163:. Retrieved
4156:the original
4143:
4127:the original
4111:
4097:. Retrieved
4082:
4062:
4043:
4036:Bibliography
4013:The Sparrows
4012:
4004:
3992:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3930:
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3901:
3897:
3891:
3887:
3879:
3867:. Retrieved
3860:the original
3855:
3851:
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:the original
3817:
3807:
3795:. Retrieved
3791:the original
3786:
3776:
3764:. Retrieved
3708:
3698:
3673:
3662:
3654:the original
3648:
3642:
3630:
3607:
3601:
3584:
3578:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3545:
3535:
3523:. Retrieved
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:the original
3431:The-ICSP.org
3430:
3420:
3397:. Retrieved
3379:
3372:
3347:
3339:
3334:, Article 23
3327:
3316:
3304:
3292:. Retrieved
3279:
3274:Huia masonii
3273:
3265:
3253:. Retrieved
3244:
3240:
3234:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:the original
3205:
3195:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3146:
3140:
3134:
3126:
3114:
3101:
3094:
3080:
3068:
3054:
3018:
3007:
2997:
2988:
2975:
2957:
2948:
2928:
2922:
2906:(1): 65–72.
2903:
2899:
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2869:herba.msu.ru
2868:
2859:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2752:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:the original
2711:
2701:
2681:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2657:
2653:
2643:
2624:
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2559:
2553:
2541:
2521:
2491:
2470:. Retrieved
2456:
2449:
2429:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2390:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2345:the original
2340:
2331:
2306:
2302:
2279:. Retrieved
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2248:the original
2239:
2212:
2206:
2193:. Retrieved
2155:. Retrieved
2111:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2065:
2055:
2044:
2031:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1871:
1862:
1847:Please help
1835:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1566:Panthera Leo
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:Homo sapiens
1538:
1530:Homo sapiens
1528:
1526:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1442:generic name
1417:Second part
1396:Bacteriology
1391:
1382:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1129:
1118:
1114:
1107:Panthera leo
1106:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:rather than
1018:
1016:
1008:
1004:
990:
981:Huia masonii
979:
965:
956:noun in the
951:
943:
942:, including
925:
919:
906:
885:
876:
872:
866:
865:words, e.g.
850:
844:
831:
827:
824:Erythroxylum
823:
817:
813:
809:
795:Rhododendron
793:
792:. The genus
783:
779:
776:Homo sapiens
775:
756:
730:
722:
713:
704:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
670:
664:
658:
643:
615:
609:
603:
597:
593:Homo sapiens
591:
554:
549:
543:
521:
511:
507:
504:
499:
491:
481:
475:
466:trivial name
465:
459:
445:
440:
436:
432:
429:
422:
411:
408:
335:
333:
320:
316:
312:
306:
297:
282:
276:
268:
260:
244:
239:
233:
219:
214:
210:
204:
200:
194:
192:
188:common names
183:
179:
169:
161:
155:
151:Homo sapiens
149:
143:
139:
135:
127:generic name
125:
123:
114:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
78:
74:
68:
60:
49:Orcinus orca
47:
40:
18:Botanic name
4635:Linnaemyini
4553:(daughter))
4500:Pehr Osbeck
3173:13 December
3025:ῥοδόδενδρον
2879:17 November
2755:: 140–146.
2722:19 February
2412:13 November
2363:Wikitionary
1941:spectabilis
1817:Other ranks
1597:C. simensis
1589:Canis lupus
1362:Bison bison
1308:(including
1294:), and the
830:, red, and
805:ῥοδόδενδρον
581:family name
480:(1737) and
222:proper noun
4745:Categories
3740:2013953625
3255:7 February
2763:26 January
2712:RHS.org.uk
2472:14 January
2122:References
2093:, whereas
1960:albiflorum
1950:canadensis
1908:Passeridae
1684:spectabile
1680:Etheostoma
1675:Cuban crow
1643:subspecies
1633:", while "
1535:font style
1496:brauniarum
1414:First part
1304:) that of
1144:declension
1111:apposition
1066:domesticus
1009:domesticus
751:See also:
660:Chionodoxa
585:given name
557:Zoological
226:italicized
182:(English,
107:Latin name
4729:Wikiquote
4630:Linnaemya
4625:Linnaeite
4490:Pehr Kalm
3912:22 August
3904:: 12–16.
3869:22 August
3748:881314963
3593:559413416
2900:Bionomina
2359:"Binomen"
2240:NHM.ac.uk
2087:Centaurea
1865:June 2011
1836:does not
1790:(Animal)
1781:Rothmaler
1703:Authority
1660:" (i.e.,
1593:C. aureus
1492:wilsoniae
1462:PhyloCode
1411:Full name
1256:hodgsonii
1202:hodgsonae
1180:, or the
878:Saichania
863:Mongolian
764:classical
715:botany).
617:Aloe vera
565:Bacterial
561:Botanical
358:adjective
334:The word
330:Etymology
247:authority
109:. In the
4718:Category
3984:21775340
3906:Archived
3766:20 March
3760:Archived
3756:11811479
3550:Archived
3516:Archived
3410:Archived
3399:29 March
3393:Archived
3288:Archived
3249:Archived
3167:Archived
3163:12414740
2987:(1965).
2956:(2008),
2943:, p. 552
2848:Archived
2844:12066299
2757:Archived
2466:Archived
2406:Archived
2373:11 April
2367:Archived
2337:"binôme"
2309:: 4–22.
2275:Archived
2195:29 March
2189:Archived
2157:29 March
2151:Archived
2112:Möschler
2064:, as in
2054:, as in
1966:See also
1917:and the
1769:(Plant)
1760:(Plant)
1754:basionym
1647:trinomen
1488:lecardii
1389:Clerck's
1354:tautonym
1306:bacteria
1244:vesparum
1242:, where
1228:, where
1140:genitive
1115:Panthera
1048:, since
1029:, since
954:singular
828:erythros
800:Linnaeus
768:medieval
732:Taxonomy
701:Problems
694:superbus
629:synonyms
387:binomina
375:binomium
369:binomium
360:form of
336:binomial
71:taxonomy
4610:Linnaea
4394:General
4099:20 June
3892:nasicus
3828:20 June
3797:20 June
3556:20 June
3525:20 June
3441:20 June
3294:19 June
3216:17 June
3059:at the
3041:δένδρον
2800:2411777
2664:20 June
2604:20 June
2323:2411603
2281:19 June
2254:17 June
1948:subsp.
1857:removed
1842:sources
1729:." The
1725:Amabela
1671:nasicus
1607:E. coli
1550:sapiens
1453:BioCode
1379:zoology
1310:Archaea
1094:(e.g.,
1082:tristis
1080:(e.g.,
1050:Lansium
1039:langsat
1031:Nandina
1007:. Here
972:fossils
868:Tarchia
859:Quechua
814:dendron
780:sapiens
633:homonym
599:E. coli
550:E. coli
510:became
448:Bauhins
394:History
381:binomen
255:zoology
101:, or a
95:binomen
83:species
4665:Linnéa
4541:Family
4377:(1774)
4369:(1771)
4361:(1763)
4353:(1753)
4345:(1751)
4337:(1746)
4329:(1745)
4321:(1738)
4313:(1737)
4305:(1737)
4297:(1737)
4289:(1737)
4281:(1736)
4273:(1736)
4265:(1736)
4257:(1735)
4165:4 June
4119:
4090:
4069:
4050:
4021:
3982:
3939:
3888:Corvus
3754:
3746:
3738:
3728:
3686:
3618:
3591:
3360:
3161:
2964:
2935:
2842:
2798:
2689:
2631:
2595:
2566:
2529:
2506:, p. v
2498:
2437:
2398:
2321:
2095:Cyanus
2083:cyanus
1919:ICNafp
1895:, and
1804:, the
1802:ICNafp
1750:ICNafp
1746:ICNafp
1735:ICNafp
1667:Corvus
1662:confer
1645:. See
1617:T. rex
1609:, and
1513:ICNafp
1483:ICNafp
1479:ICNafp
1457:clades
1436:ICNafp
1377:). In
1369:botany
1350:ICNafp
1343:ICNafp
1288:ICNafp
1270:. The
1035:Passer
997:gender
976:Yunnan
927:Allium
921:Muilla
873:tarkhi
855:Aymara
810:rhodon
772:modern
740:fossil
692:. The
681:siehei
679:. The
666:Scilla
614:, and
492:ICNafp
416:terete
352:nomial
321:ICNafp
319:; the
292:botany
211:ICNafp
162:formal
4547:(son)
4159:(PDF)
4148:(PDF)
3863:(PDF)
3848:(PDF)
3752:S2CID
3519:(PDF)
3508:(PDF)
3106:(PDF)
3033:ῥόδον
2851:(PDF)
2818:(PDF)
2796:JSTOR
2319:JSTOR
2108:genus
2023:Notes
1639:Canis
1635:Canis
1630:Canis
1625:Canis
1585:Canis
1314:Virus
1262:Codes
1234:colon
1164:-arum
1156:-orum
1096:minor
932:jokes
871:from
832:xylon
583:plus
569:Viral
534:Value
494:) or
419:scape
384:(pl.
363:nomen
356:(the
346:Latin
132:genus
4167:2013
4117:ISBN
4101:2011
4088:ISBN
4067:ISBN
4048:ISBN
4019:ISBN
3980:PMID
3937:ISBN
3914:2014
3890:cf.
3871:2014
3830:2011
3799:2011
3768:2023
3744:OCLC
3736:LCCN
3726:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3589:OCLC
3558:2011
3527:2011
3443:2013
3401:2023
3358:ISBN
3296:2011
3257:2011
3218:2011
3175:2019
3159:PMID
2962:ISBN
2933:ISBN
2881:2022
2840:PMID
2765:2018
2724:2011
2687:ISBN
2666:2011
2629:ISBN
2606:2011
2593:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2474:2018
2435:ISBN
2414:2019
2396:ISBN
2375:2023
2283:2016
2256:2011
2197:2023
2159:2023
1931:form
1915:ICZN
1840:any
1838:cite
1806:ICZN
1731:ICZN
1720:ICZN
1711:and
1682:cf.
1669:cf.
1547:Homo
1517:ICZN
1500:ICZN
1475:ICZN
1422:ICZN
1408:Code
1358:ICZN
1348:The
1339:ICZN
1324:ICTV
1302:ICNB
1278:ICZN
1230:coli
986:Java
936:puns
857:and
851:kuka
784:Homo
663:and
567:and
559:and
500:ICZN
446:The
201:ICZN
145:Homo
3970:doi
3718:doi
3612:198
3385:doi
3151:doi
2908:doi
2830:doi
2788:doi
2311:doi
1958:f.
1939:f.
1925:is
1851:by
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