1040:
45:
1133:
670:
back into use. "Unavailable" names in zoology comprise names that either were not published according to the provisions of the ICZN Code, e.g., incorrect original or subsequent spellings, names published only in a thesis, and generic names published after 1930 with no type species indicated. According to "Glossary" section of the zoological Code, suppressed
212:. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful:
760:
A particular genus name may have zero to many synonyms, the latter case generally if the genus has been known for a long time and redescribed as new by a range of subsequent workers, or if a range of genera previously considered separate taxa have subsequently been consolidated into one. For example,
669:
Consequently, there will be more available names than valid names at any point in time; which names are currently in use depending on the judgement of taxonomists in either combining taxa described under multiple names, or splitting taxa which may bring available names previously treated as synonyms
1169:
Which species are assigned to a genus is somewhat arbitrary. Although all species within a genus are supposed to be "similar", there are no objective criteria for grouping species into genera. There is much debate among zoologists whether enormous, species-rich genera should be maintained, as it is
1097:
The cited ranges of uncertainty arise because IRMNG lists "uncertain" names (not researched therein) in addition to known "accepted" names; the values quoted are the mean of "accepted" names alone (all "uncertain" names treated as unaccepted) and "accepted + uncertain" names (all "uncertain" names
994:
The numbers of either accepted, or all published genus names is not known precisely; Rees et al., 2020 estimate that approximately 310,000 accepted names (valid taxa) may exist, out of a total of c. 520,000 published names (including synonyms) as at end 2019, increasing at some 2,500 published
841:
is allowed to bear a scientific name that is in use as a generic name (or the name of a taxon in another rank) in a kingdom that is governed by a different nomenclature code. Names with the same form but applying to different taxa are called "homonyms". Although this is discouraged by both the
741:
codes of nomenclature also exist which serve as a reference for designating currently accepted genus names as opposed to others which may be either reduced to synonymy, or, in the case of prokaryotes, relegated to a status of "names without standing in prokaryotic nomenclature".
587:
As with scientific names at other ranks, in all groups other than viruses, names of genera may be cited with their authorities, typically in the form "author, year" in zoology, and "standard abbreviated author name" in botany. Thus in the examples above, the genus
757:; some authors also include unavailable names in lists of synonyms as well as available names, such as misspellings, names previously published without fulfilling all of the requirements of the relevant nomenclatural code, and rejected or suppressed names.
1148:, which have about 1180 genera, the most (>300) have only 1 species, ~360 have between 2 and 4 species, 260 have 5–10 species, ~200 have 11–50 species, and only 27 genera have more than 50 species. However, some insect genera such as the bee genera
995:
generic names per year. "Official" registers of taxon names at all ranks, including genera, exist for a few groups only such as viruses and prokaryotes, while for others there are compendia with no "official" standing such as
1479:
Terms Used in
Bionomenclature: The Naming of Organisms and Plant Communities : Including Terms Used in Botanical, Cultivated Plant, Phylogenetic, Phytosociological, Prokaryote (bacteriological), Virus, and Zoological
1124:(estimated >90% complete, for extant species in the main) contains currently 175,363 "accepted" genus names for 1,744,204 living and 59,284 extinct species, also including genus names only (no species) for some groups.
1271:
1170:
extremely difficult to come up with identification keys or even character sets that distinguish all species. Hence, many taxonomists argue in favor of breaking down large genera. For instance, the lizard genus
2000:: latest and historical lists of accepted virus names compiled by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), including all currently accepted virus genus names (updated via regular releases)
674:(per published "Opinions" of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) remain available but cannot be used as the valid name for a taxon; however, the names published in suppressed
1988:: a compilation of generic names (accepted and unaccepted) published for organisms covered by the ICN: International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (semi-continuously updated)
541:. Also, as visible in the above examples, the Latinised portions of the scientific names of genera and their included species (and infraspecies, where applicable) are, by convention, written in
439:
name comprises the generic name, indicating the genus to which the species belongs, followed by the specific epithet, which (within that genus) is unique to the species. For example, the
785:
Within the same kingdom, one generic name can apply to one genus only. However, many names have been assigned (usually unintentionally) to two or more different genera. For example, the
731:" or "current name" which can, again, differ or change with alternative taxonomic treatments or new information that results in previously accepted genera being combined or split.
847:
723:
1239:
658:
In zoological usage, taxonomic names, including those of genera, are classified as "available" or "unavailable". Available names are those published in accordance with the
1292:
Gill, F. B.; Slikas, B.; Sheldon, F. H. (2005). "Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene".
942:
A list of generic homonyms (with their authorities), including both available (validly published) and selected unavailable names, has been compiled by the
1036:(IRMNG) are broken down further in the publication by Rees et al., 2020 cited above. The accepted names estimates are as follows, broken down by kingdom:
1136:
Number of reptile genera with a given number of species. Most genera have only one or a few species but a few may have hundreds. Based on data from the
509:. Where species are further subdivided, the generic name (or its abbreviated form) still forms the leading portion of the scientific name, for example,
2439:
552:
species are descriptive, not binomial in form, and may or may not incorporate an indication of their containing genus; for example, the virus species "
734:
1593:"All genera of the world: an overview and estimates based on the March 2020 release of the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG)"
44:
753:(botanical) name that has been historically applied to a genus but is not regarded as the accepted (current/valid) name for the taxon is termed a
1032:
943:
1512:
1212:
1185:
738:
843:
659:
1614:
1176:
has been suggested to be broken down into 8 or so different genera which would bring its ~400 species to smaller, more manageable subsets.
1846:
1759:
1385:
2025:
1329:"Response paper: Morphometric article by Mejía et al. 2015 alluding genera Herichthys and Nosferatu displays serious inconsistencies"
1930:
1541:
1452:
17:
1488:
727:
and the work cited above by
Hawksworth, 2010. In place of the "valid taxon" in zoology, the nearest equivalent in botany is "
642:
of its type species. Should the specimen turn out to be assignable to another genus, the generic name linked to it becomes a
1423:
681:
In botany, similar concepts exist but with different labels. The botanical equivalent of zoology's "available name" is a
1953:: includes an estimated 95% of published genus names (accepted and unaccepted) in all groups (semi-continuously updated)
1039:
1113:(vascular plants) make up the largest component, with 23,236 ± 5,379 accepted genus names, of which 20,845 ± 4,494 are
1417:
1379:
1961:
1809:
2429:
762:
1216:
2434:
2419:
1014:
817:
1305:
1570:
167:
1701:
826:. Since beetles and platypuses are both members of the kingdom Animalia, the name could not be used for both.
2018:
501:
When the generic name is already known from context, it may be shortened to its initial letter, for example,
50:
1144:
The number of species in genera varies considerably among taxonomic groups. For instance, among (non-avian)
1672:
1327:
de la Maza-Benignos, Mauricio; Lozano-Vilano, Ma. de
Lourdes; García-Ramírez, María Elena (December 2015).
428:, which are non-standardized, can be non-unique, and typically also vary by country and language of usage.
54:
1968:: index of genus and subgenus names (accepted and unaccepted) in zoological nomenclature from 1758 to 2004
1132:
827:
315:
49:
1730:
53:
52:
1643:
174:, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.
1371:
367:
155:
38:
1533:
1504:
56:
2011:
1788:
371:
1974:: includes zoological taxon names at all ranks (including genera) as continuously indexed for the
2424:
1592:
1024:
794:
347:
51:
470:(Latin for 'wolf') being the specific name particular to the wolf. A botanical example would be
2265:
1838:
1019:
682:
561:
557:
553:
330:; in modern style guides and science, it is always capitalised. It plays a fundamental role in
31:
1098:
treated as accepted), with the associated range of uncertainty indicating these two extremes.
662:; the earliest such name for any taxon (for example, a genus) should then be selected as the "
634:, although in practice there is a backlog of older names without one. In zoology, this is the
55:
1975:
1477:
1361:
359:
331:
171:
663:
472:
432:
238:
8:
1994:: includes all currently accepted Bacteria and Archaea genus names (continuously updated)
920:
850:, there are some five thousand such names in use in more than one kingdom. For instance,
262:
1905:
48:
2194:
2138:
2123:
2105:
1886:
1367:
1309:
1162:
959:
754:
491:
385:
363:
227:
analysis should clearly demonstrate both monophyly and validity as a separate lineage).
209:
60:
2255:
2209:
2204:
2091:
2086:
2080:
1484:
1444:
1413:
1375:
1121:
838:
310:
151:
1313:
482:
native to Hawaii. The specific name is written in lower-case and may be followed by
2373:
2330:
2282:
2271:
2071:
2061:
2050:
1920:
1878:
1604:
1405:
1340:
1301:
1261:
1251:
1137:
928:
892:
864:
773:
575:
571:
116:
81:
68:
1445:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code"
2414:
2355:
2341:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2157:
1965:
1869:
1407:
975:
860:
813:
678:
are made unavailable via the relevant
Opinion dealing with the work in question.
377:
1256:
2034:
1345:
1328:
997:
643:
631:
343:
257:
of diverging evolutionary lineages except in cases where they directly inhibit
143:
64:
1925:
1326:
1030:
Totals for both "all names" and estimates for "accepted names" as held in the
326:
The scientific name (or the scientific epithet) of a genus is also called the
2408:
2384:
1982:
1751:
874:
639:
625:
601:
520:
305:
246:
224:
186:
1609:
1105:, with 151,697 ± 33,160 accepted genus names, of which 114,387 ± 27,654 are
286:
1150:
1110:
974:. However, this does not typically ascend more than one or two levels: the
878:
855:
728:
635:
621:
566:
464:
for 'dog') being the generic name shared by the wolf's close relatives and
270:
242:
180:
159:
1956:
1817:
1114:
542:
425:
318:(1656–1708) is considered "the founder of the modern concept of genera".
1017:
for plants in general, and ferns through angiosperms, respectively, and
2367:
1906:"It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)"
1890:
1266:
1043:
Estimated accepted genus totals by kingdom - based on Rees et al., 2020
955:
934:
617:
580:
483:
409:
71:
contains one or more genera. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.
1534:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pecten O. F. Müller, 1776"
298:
233:
distinctness – with respect to evolutionarily relevant criteria, i.e.
2277:
2148:
2143:
2134:
1867:
Frodin, David G. (2004). "History and concepts of big plant genera".
1102:
1066:
1006:
981:
906:
440:
258:
216:
1882:
1562:
1505:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Physeter Linnaeus, 1758"
2324:
2303:
1693:
1591:
Rees, Tony; Vandepitte, Leen; Vanhoorne, Bart; Decock, Wim (2020).
1078:
1072:
938:(which is in the SAR supergroup), which can also lead to confusion.
916:
902:
888:
786:
767:
478:
413:
381:
335:
230:
reasonable compactness – a genus should not be expanded needlessly.
192:
2003:
1904:
Nicholson, K. E.; Crother, B. I.; Guyer, C.; Savage, J.M. (2012).
932:(an extinct red alga) is also the plural of the name of the genus
2361:
1950:
1156:
1145:
1084:
965:
765:
presently lists 8 genus-level synonyms for the sperm whale genus
570:; however, the genus to which the species with the formal names "
487:
436:
417:
393:
339:
291:
234:
201:
147:
1971:
1664:
1636:"LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature"
1160:
have over 1000 species each. The largest flowering plant genus,
2116:
2100:
1997:
1412:. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
1208:
1172:
1106:
1060:
1048:
848:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
724:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
495:
405:
389:
163:
1992:
LPSN – List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
666:" (i.e., current or accepted) name for the taxon in question.
131:
90:
1722:
1590:
1363:
Plant
Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data
1090:
1054:
647:
549:
461:
456:
421:
401:
397:
282:
220:
1406:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999).
1991:
1903:
1635:
1306:
10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2
134:
125:
96:
638:, and the generic name is permanently associated with the
388:, which allow each species a single unique name that, for
122:
87:
1780:
1563:"IRMNG: Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera"
1320:
1951:
Interim
Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG)
37:"Genera" redirects here. For the operating system, see
1240:"How big is a genus? Towards a nomothetic systematics"
1238:
Sigward, J. D.; Sutton, M. D.; Bennett, K. D. (2018).
304:('to bear; to give birth to'). The Swedish taxonomist
1698:
Jepson Herbarium - University of California, Berkeley
820:
in 1793. A name that means two different things is a
338:, where it is combined with the scientific name of a
128:
99:
93:
1237:
273:
units of the same kind as other (analogous) genera.
709:; a later homonym of a validly published name is a
119:
84:
1291:
2406:
1475:
1471:
1469:
949:
1033:Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
944:Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
47:
1756:Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
1213:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1186:List of the largest genera of flowering plants
1120:By comparison, the 2018 annual edition of the
2019:
1723:"Algaebase :: Listing the World's Algae"
1466:
1409:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
989:
844:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
780:
771:Linnaeus, 1758, and 13 for the bivalve genus
660:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
653:
208:The composition of a genus is determined by
979:
963:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
650:in the former genus need to be reassessed.
534:
526:
512:
465:
446:
296:
2026:
2012:
596:Linnaeus, 1758" (zoological usage), while
424:and binomial in form; this contrasts with
190:(jaguar) are two species within the genus
2440:Taxa named by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
1924:
1752:"Index Nominum Genericorum (ING), Botany"
1608:
1344:
1265:
1255:
1244:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1051:: 239,093 accepted genus names (± 55,350)
1131:
1038:
43:
1694:"Index Nominum Algarum: names of algae"
1359:
1101:Within Animalia, the largest phylum is
523:subspecies, or as a botanical example,
269:Moreover, genera should be composed of
14:
2407:
1866:
1860:
1203:
1201:
353:
2007:
1555:
812:had already been given to a group of
27:Taxonomic rank directly above species
2043:
630:Each genus should have a designated
476:, a particular species of the genus
2033:
1219:from the original on March 20, 2020
1198:
978:to which dogs and wolves belong is
863:of frogs but also is the name of a
685:. An invalidly published name is a
611:
107:
24:
801:in 1799 (these two names are thus
219:– all descendants of an ancestral
25:
2451:
1944:
1781:"International Plant Names Index"
1109:(class Insecta). Within Plantae,
2063:
2052:
1936:from the original on 2022-10-09.
763:World Register of Marine Species
308:popularized its use in his 1753
115:
80:
2257:
2196:
1897:
1849:from the original on 2020-11-11
1831:
1802:
1791:from the original on 2020-05-02
1773:
1762:from the original on 2016-03-03
1744:
1733:from the original on 2020-08-29
1715:
1704:from the original on 2020-08-07
1686:
1675:from the original on 2015-02-05
1657:
1646:from the original on 2022-04-01
1628:
1617:from the original on 2021-03-22
1584:
1573:from the original on 2016-11-17
1544:from the original on 2018-08-10
1526:
1515:from the original on 2017-07-09
1455:from the original on 2020-10-10
1426:from the original on 2021-09-03
1388:from the original on 2023-04-06
1274:from the original on 2019-05-30
1166:, contains over 3,000 species.
1015:International Plant Names Index
962:ranks, such as the family name
830:published the replacement name
818:Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst
721:; for a full list refer to the
2386:
2375:
2343:
2332:
2125:
2107:
1497:
1437:
1399:
1353:
1285:
1231:
13:
1:
1191:
1127:
950:Use in higher classifications
200:is a genus within the family
901:is the generic name of both
887:is the generic name of both
873:is the generic name of both
600:, also first established by
435:, the standard format for a
281:The term "genus" comes from
276:
7:
1179:
1117:(superclass Angiospermae).
828:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
592:would be cited in full as "
564:" are all within the genus
316:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
223:are grouped together (i.e.
10:
2456:
1665:"Index Fungorum Home Page"
1346:10.1590/1982-0224-20150066
990:Numbers of accepted genera
958:forms the base for higher
781:Identical names (homonyms)
654:Categories of generic name
615:
426:common or vernacular names
357:
314:, but the French botanist
36:
29:
2041:
1984:Index Nominum Genericorum
1926:10.11646/zootaxa.3477.1.1
1476:D. L. Hawksworth (2010).
1372:Columbia University Press
1257:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx059
1011:Index Nominum Genericorum
368:Author citation (zoology)
156:biological classification
61:biological classification
39:Genera (operating system)
1810:"Nomenclator Zoologicus"
1483:. GBIF. pp. 1–215.
837:However, a genus in one
604:but in 1753, is simply "
548:The scientific names of
372:Author citation (botany)
2430:Zoological nomenclature
1972:Index to Organism Names
1839:"2018 Annual Checklist"
1610:10.11646/megataxa.1.2.3
1360:Stuessy, T. F. (2009).
1333:Neotropical Ichthyology
1025:Index to Organism Names
697:; a rejected name is a
608:L." (botanical usage).
348:Specific name (zoology)
334:, the system of naming
2435:Bacterial nomenclature
2420:Botanical nomenclature
1998:ICTV taxonomy releases
1958:Nomenclator Zoologicus
1141:
1044:
1027:for zoological names.
1020:Nomenclator Zoologicus
980:
964:
926:The name of the genus
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
683:validly published name
562:Salmonid herpesvirus 3
558:Salmonid herpesvirus 2
554:Salmonid herpesvirus 1
535:
527:
513:
466:
447:
443:'s scientific name is
321:
297:
285:
72:
32:Genus (disambiguation)
18:Generic name (biology)
1538:www.marinespecies.org
1509:www.marinespecies.org
1135:
1042:
1003:Index Nominum Algarum
789:belongs to the genus
384:are laid down in the
360:Binomial nomenclature
332:binomial nomenclature
172:binomial nomenclature
166:organisms as well as
58:
970:("Canids") based on
808:. However, the name
528:Hibiscus arnottianus
473:Hibiscus arnottianus
263:postzygotic barriers
30:For other uses, see
2092:Infrakingdom/Branch
859:is the name of the
777:O.F. Müller, 1776.
492:infraspecific names
354:Use in nomenclature
2364:
2321:
2300:
2274:
2232:
2166:
2131:
2119:
2083:
2074:
1964:2021-12-23 at the
1368:New York, New York
1142:
1069:: 11,114 (± 1,268)
1057:: 28,724 (± 7,721)
1045:
646:and the remaining
578:" are assigned is
386:nomenclature codes
376:The rules for the
364:Taxonomy (biology)
73:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2360:
2317:
2296:
2270:
2228:
2162:
2121:
2115:
2079:
2072:
1977:Zoological Record
1843:Catalogue of Life
1669:indexfungorum.org
1490:978-87-92020-09-3
1140:(as of May 2015).
1122:Catalogue of Life
1075:: 3,109 (± 1,206)
919:and the genus of
751:validly published
712:nomen illegitimum
700:nomen rejiciendum
514:Canis lupus lupus
311:Species Plantarum
59:The hierarchy of
16:(Redirected from
2447:
2388:
2377:
2345:
2334:
2259:
2198:
2127:
2109:
2065:
2054:
2044:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1928:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1816:. Archived from
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1366:(2nd ed.).
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1205:
1138:Reptile Database
1063:: 10,468 (± 182)
986:("Carnivores").
985:
969:
915:is the order of
867:genus of plants;
814:ambrosia beetles
749:(zoological) or
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
612:The type concept
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832:Ornithorhynchus
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1842:
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1818:the original
1813:
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1784:
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1755:
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1726:
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1697:
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1677:. Retrieved
1668:
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1640:bacterio.net
1639:
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1600:
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1586:
1575:. Retrieved
1566:
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1546:. Retrieved
1537:
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1517:. Retrieved
1508:
1499:
1480:Nomenclature
1478:
1457:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1408:
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1390:. Retrieved
1362:
1355:
1336:
1332:
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1247:
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1171:
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567:Salmonivirus
565:
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243:biogeography
225:phylogenetic
207:
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181:Panthera leo
179:
111:
75:
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2283:Infrafamily
2266:Superfamily
2180:Subterclass
2149:Microphylum
2144:Infraphylum
2139:Subdivision
2101:Superphylum
1267:10023/16213
1115:angiosperms
1093:: 851 (± 0)
1087:: 140 (± 0)
1009:for algae,
1001:for fungi,
913:Proboscidea
875:golden peas
865:non-current
795:George Shaw
718:nom. illeg.
694:nom. inval.
536:immaculatus
507:Canis lupus
448:Canis lupus
431:Except for
410:prokaryotes
392:(including
251:consequence
210:taxonomists
184:(lion) and
2409:Categories
2368:Subspecies
2309:Infratribe
2292:Supertribe
2241:Infraorder
2224:Superorder
2195:Division (
2175:Infraclass
2158:Superclass
2124:Division (
2087:Subkingdom
2062:Subrealm (
1853:2018-07-07
1824:2018-02-24
1795:2020-09-06
1766:2019-06-07
1737:2020-09-06
1708:2020-09-06
1679:2018-06-01
1650:2018-06-01
1621:2020-04-02
1577:2016-11-17
1548:2018-06-02
1519:2018-06-02
1459:2023-11-10
1430:2023-11-10
1392:2023-03-19
1278:2018-12-22
1192:References
1163:Astragalus
1128:Genus size
1103:Arthropoda
956:type genus
935:Paramecium
735:Prokaryote
618:Type genus
616:See also:
581:Alphavirus
484:subspecies
239:morphology
150:and below
2374:Variety (
2331:Section (
2278:Subfamily
2256:Section (
2246:Parvorder
2219:Magnorder
2185:Parvclass
2135:Subphylum
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1067:Chromista
1007:AlgaeBase
982:Carnivora
960:taxonomic
946:(IRMNG).
929:Paramecia
917:elephants
907:self-heal
903:accentors
889:wheatears
834:in 1800.
797:named it
793:although
747:available
706:nom. rej.
486:names in
441:gray wolf
382:organisms
336:organisms
277:Etymology
259:gene flow
255:condition
217:monophyly
2342:Series (
2325:Subgenus
2304:Subtribe
2236:Suborder
2170:Subclass
1962:Archived
1931:Archived
1847:Archived
1789:Archived
1785:ipni.org
1760:Archived
1731:Archived
1702:Archived
1673:Archived
1644:Archived
1615:Archived
1597:Megataxa
1571:Archived
1542:Archived
1513:Archived
1453:Archived
1451:. 2012.
1424:Archived
1386:Archived
1314:86067032
1272:Archived
1217:Archived
1215:. 2017.
1180:See also
1146:reptiles
1079:Bacteria
1073:Protozoa
1049:Animalia
1023:and the
1013:and the
899:Prunella
885:Oenanthe
846:and the
810:Platypus
804:synonyms
799:Platypus
787:platypus
768:Physeter
606:Hibiscus
602:Linnaeus
598:Hibiscus
519:for the
503:C. lupus
479:Hibiscus
414:bacteria
394:protists
198:Panthera
193:Panthera
2362:Species
2081:Kingdom
2051:Realm (
1913:Zootaxa
1891:4135449
1223:May 29,
1157:Andrena
1107:insects
1091:Viruses
1085:Archaea
1055:Plantae
966:Canidae
839:kingdom
823:homonym
755:synonym
574:" and "
560:" and "
543:italics
488:zoology
437:species
433:viruses
418:archaea
390:animals
340:species
299:gignere
292:cognate
235:ecology
202:Felidae
168:viruses
148:species
142:) is a
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624:, and
496:botany
420:), is
408:) and
398:plants
370:, and
342:: see
261:(e.g.
249:are a
164:fossil
160:living
152:family
146:above
112:genera
69:family
2319:Genus
2298:Tribe
2230:Order
2164:Class
1986:(ING)
1934:(PDF)
1909:(PDF)
1887:JSTOR
1870:Taxon
1310:S2CID
1061:Fungi
976:order
972:Canis
909:; and
871:Aotus
861:order
856:Anura
739:virus
676:works
672:names
664:valid
594:Canis
590:Canis
550:virus
532:ssp.
467:lupus
462:Latin
457:Canis
454:with
422:Latin
406:fungi
402:algae
294:with
287:genus
283:Latin
241:, or
221:taxon
178:E.g.
170:. In
76:Genus
2387:bot.
2376:bot.
2344:bot.
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2258:zoo.
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2108:bot.
2064:vir.
2053:vir.
1917:3477
1814:uBio
1485:ISBN
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1376:ISBN
1225:2018
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1005:and
954:The
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891:and
877:and
761:the
737:and
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632:type
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416:and
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346:and
162:and
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