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483:. An annual 'festival of the cranes' is held in early December as large numbers of cranes begin arriving in the refuge. Winter visitors generally plan to be in the refuge at sunrise or sunset, when the flocks of cranes and geese that roost in the refuge "commute" to or from local fields where they feed. Although winter sunsets and especially sunrises are chilly, the daily low temperature is seldom far below freezing. Visitors typically stay in the nearby
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523:(also known as salt cedar) on the refuge has posed a threat to habitats utilized by native wildlife species. To combat this issue, Bosque NWR has utilized various control methods over time, such as mechanical removal, herbicide application, and prescribed burning. The Tamarisk removal efforts undertaken on the refuge have served as a case study for similar removal initiatives in other protected areas.
292:, which spend the fall and winter in the area. The reserve is open year-round and provides safe harbor for its varied wildlife. Visitors to the refuge also enjoy partaking in activities such as hiking, cycling, driving tours on the 12-mile scenic auto route, and participating in educational programs offered on site.
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demonstrate considerable promise for sustaining breeding bird populations over the course of the century. Similar suitable breeding terrain is found only on private land surrounding the refuge. Changes in surface flooding and vegetation structure are not affecting shrub-nesting birds who can use
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About 30,000 acres (120 km) of this is designated as wilderness. A twelve-mile-long (19 km) loop road divided by a cutoff into a "Farm Loop" and "Marsh Loop" allows automobile drivers excellent views of wetland wildlife and raptors, and there are several short (1.5 to 10 miles) walking
395:. These marshlands begin dry, and are burned or turned over before they are flooded in order to produce fresh soil for the new plants. They are then flooded to become the breeding grounds for these marsh plants. The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge and the wetlands near the
730:
Koning, Daniel J., Heizler, Matthew T. (January 2022). "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Santa Fe Group adjoining the Little San
Pascual Mountains – implications for footwall exhumation and evolution of the Little San Pascual Mountain fault zone".
507:
along the Rio Grande river. This mouse is a distinctive, genetically unique subspecies found in certain regions of New Mexico, Arizona, and southern
Colorado. Due to its rarity, the New Mexico meadow jumping mouse has been listed as an
462:
The diversity of birds is also high in spring, particularly the last week of April and first week of May, and in fall. In summer the area is hot but many water birds can be found, including such New Mexico rarities as the
336:
trails. The road affords good views of the fields where crops are grown for the benefit of the birds under cooperative agreements with farmers. Adjacent to the
Visitor's Center, a desert plant garden is maintained.
331:
and foothills of the
Chupadera and San Pascual Mountains. The refuge sits within the Little San Pascual Mountain fault zone, rendering it an ideal site for conducting research on stratigraphy and sedimentology.
2028:
944:
Hamilton, S.G., King, S.L., Dello Russo, G. Kaller, M.D. (25 May 2019). "Effect of
Hydrologic, Geomorphic, and Vegetative Conditions on Avian Communities in The Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico".
372:
have caused damage to corn crops at the refuge. This damage disrupts the refuge's capacity to supply supplemental food to the sandhill cranes and other waterfowl species that overwinter there.
838:
DeVore, R. M., Butler, M. J., Wallace, M. C., Liley, S. L., Mertz, A. A., Sesnie, S. E., & Gipson, P. S. (April 2016). "Elk resource selection patterns in a semiarid riparian corridor".
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1994:
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had lived in the lands around what is now the refuge until the 1600s, when they were forced to abandon their pueblos due to
European diseases and attacks from the Apache tribes.
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The Bosque del Apache is also made up of several acres of dry land. One unit contains 5,440 acres (23 km) of scrubland and desert terrain that is connected to the
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411:. This area is called the Chupadera Peak Wilderness Unit. In addition to desert terrain, the Chupadera Peak Wilderness Unit is characterized by tall, reddish cliffs.
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terrain outside of the Rio Grande riparian zone, the refuge also hosts three federally designated
Wilderness areas (Chupadera, Little San Pascual, and Indian Well).
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In addition to hosting rare bird species, Bosque del Apache
National Wildlife Refuge is also home to the southernmost known population of the New Mexico
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Wright, G. D., & Frey, J. K. (1 February 2015). "Habitat
Selection by the Endangered New Mexico Meadow Jumping Mouse on an Irrigated Floodplain".
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other woody debris for nesting; however, canopy nesting birds rely on native trees and are thus more sensitive to environmental changes.
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There have been 393 different bird species observed in the Bosque del Apache
National Wildlife Refuge since 1964 according to
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watered by irrigation systems connected to the Rio Grande. These flood-plains provide an essential habitat for
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891:"Implications of Climate Change for Bird Conservation in the Southwestern US under Three Alternative Futures"
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368:. The plains are flooded periodically to give these plants the best growing conditions. In recent years,
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471:. Late November to late February is the best time for large numbers of birds, typically over 10,000
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The flood plains also grow foods for the wildlife that need marshlands to grow. These plants include
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The heart of the refuge comprises approximately 3,800 acres (15 km) of Rio Grande
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that are the refuge's most interesting feature. Many other species—notably
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327:. In addition to this, the refuge contains 44,300 acres (179 km) of arid
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About 7,000 acres (28 km) in the center of the refuge are made up of
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Renewing Our Rivers : Stream Corridor Restoration in Dryland Regions
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Wetlands: Official Scholarly Journal of the Society of Wetland Scientists
1157:
308:, named for the Apache tribes that once camped in the forests along the
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974:"Wilderness Units - Bosque del Apache - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
608:"About the Refuge - Bosque del Apache - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
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761:"Hiking Trails - Bosque del Apache - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
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423:, making it one of the most diverse areas for bird species in the
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1995:
New Mexico Department of Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources
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447:—also winter in the refuge. Striking vagrants such as a
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1178:
Bosque del Apache: Ancient Flyway of the Rio Grande (2000)
1158:
Friends of the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
1114:
Socorro County Historical Society. Retrieved 18 Feb 2024.
369:
241:
1064:
Briggs, Mark K., Osterkamp, Waite R. (5 January 2021).
889:
Friggens, M. M., & Finch, D. M (23 December 2015).
284:. It was founded in 1939 and is administered by the
256:
213:
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1112:"Time Line & Cultural Phases of the Piro Nation"
427:. The wetlands attract the huge flocks of wintering
323:
and 9,100 acres (37 km) of irrigated farms and
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1207:is available for free viewing and download at the
1194:is available for free viewing and download at the
1181:is available for free viewing and download at the
1168:is available for free viewing and download at the
663:"Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refugeaccess"
1244:
1165:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (2005)
1068:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 244–245.
948:: 1029–1042 – via Gale Academic One Source.
558:"Annual Report of Lands as of September 30, 2009"
2333:
1601:List of National Natural Landmarks in New Mexico
2038:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
519:An overabundance of the invasive tree species
300:The name of the refuge means "woodland of the
2352:Protected areas of Socorro County, New Mexico
2022:
1230:
1049:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
999:"Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge"
958:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
929:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
874:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
745:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1092:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
697:
2029:
2015:
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814:America's Natural Places: Pacific and West
778:
193:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
176:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
24:Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
906:
859:
571:
2377:Protected areas of the Chihuahuan Desert
182:
2372:Landforms of Socorro County, New Mexico
2347:National Wildlife Refuges in New Mexico
1025:Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
735:: 203–204 – via OpenAIRE Explore.
565:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
2334:
2010:
1218:
271:
811:Sapp, Methea K. (25 November 2009).
810:
657:
655:
653:
187:Sandhill cranes at Bosque del Apache
33:IV (habitat/species management area)
2357:Protected areas established in 1939
550:
288:. It is a favorite spot to observe
13:
1153:Bosque del Apache official website
1104:
840:The Journal of Wildlife Management
276:; "Woodland of the Apache") is a
16:Wildlife refuge in New Mexico, USA
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2362:1939 establishments in New Mexico
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166:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
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455:have been found there. In the
286:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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1901:Living Desert Zoo and Gardens
1550:Fort Stanton–Snowy River Cave
1398:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1119:New Mexico Bird Finding Guide
1088:: CS1 maint: date and year (
733:New Mexico Geological Society
538:
141:57,331 acres (232.01 km)
1573:Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks
1127:"In Celebration of Wildlife"
908:10.1371/journal.pone.0144089
684:US Fish and Wildlife Service
637:US Fish and Wildlife Service
7:
2316:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
1537:National Conservation Areas
711:. Fish and Wildlife Service
588:. Fish and Wildlife Service
526:
295:
10:
2393:
1593:National Natural Landmarks
1204:Birds of the Bosque (1991)
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339:
273:[ˈboskeðelaˈpatʃe]
157:160,000 (in 2006)
84:Socorro County, New Mexico
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1367:National Recreation Areas
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1281:National Historical Parks
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1191:Back to the Bosque (2000)
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1946:Rio Grande Nature Center
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278:National Wildlife Refuge
1568:Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks
1357:Salinas Pueblo Missions
1037:10.3996/062014-JFWM-044
792:. Friends of the Bosque
579:"Bosque del Apache NWR"
453:rufous-necked wood rail
122:33.86917°N 106.842944°W
2367:Wetlands of New Mexico
1772:Wild and Scenic Rivers
1560:BLM National Monuments
790:friendsofthebosque.org
514:Endangered Species Act
188:
1911:Mesilla Valley Bosque
1780:East Fork Jemez River
1578:Prehistoric Trackways
1039:– via OpenAire.
467:and occasionally the
186:
127:33.86917; -106.842944
1583:Rio Grande del Norte
1347:Gila Cliff Dwellings
505:meadow jumping mouse
366:four-wing saltbushes
280:located in southern
48:at Bosque del Apache
2321:U.S. Virgin Islands
1931:Oliver Lee Memorial
1876:Elephant Butte Lake
1466:National Grasslands
162:Governing body
118: /
1682:Chama River Canyon
1611:National Preserves
1309:National monuments
1117:John E. Parmeter,
864:– via JSTOR.
705:"About the Refuge"
510:endangered species
401:Caballo reservoirs
312:. Previously, the
189:
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2328:
2004:
2003:
1906:Manzano Mountains
1667:Capitan Mountains
1662:Bosque del Apache
1497:Bosque del Apache
1426:Apache–Sitgreaves
1403:Old Spanish Trail
1294:Manhattan Project
852:10.1002/jwmg.1040
469:little blue heron
457:Chihuahuan desert
449:groove-billed ani
409:Chihuahuan desert
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91:Nearest city
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2342:IUCN Category IV
2031:
2024:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1821:Bottomless Lakes
1712:Manzano Mountain
1672:Carlsbad Caverns
1418:National Forests
1266:Carlsbad Caverns
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1209:Internet Archive
1196:Internet Archive
1183:Internet Archive
1170:Internet Archive
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533:Rio Grande Trail
475:and over 20,000
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1966:Sugarite Canyon
1956:Santa Rosa Lake
1866:Eagle Nest Lake
1841:Cimarron Canyon
1836:Cerrillos Hills
1804:
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1742:Sandia Mountain
1737:San Pedro Parks
1687:Columbine–Hondo
1652:Bisti/De-Na-Zin
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1390:National Trails
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1327:Capulin Volcano
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1246:Protected areas
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1201:The short film
1188:The short film
1175:The short film
1162:The short film
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786:"Tour loop map"
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31:IUCN category
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2249:South Dakota
2239:Rhode Island
2234:Pennsylvania
2214:North Dakota
1993:
1961:Storrie Lake
1936:Pancho Villa
1896:Leasburg Dam
1871:El Vado Lake
1861:Coyote Creek
1856:Conchas Lake
1851:Clayton Lake
1831:Caballo Lake
1752:Wheeler Peak
1747:West Malpais
1692:Cruces Basin
1637:Aldo Leopold
1527:Valle de Oro
1496:
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1135:. Retrieved
1133:. Desert USA
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817:. ABC-CLIO.
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260:-skay del ə-
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2311:Puerto Rico
2164:Mississippi
2079:Connecticut
1971:Sumner Lake
1921:Navajo Lake
1916:Morphy Lake
1881:Fenton Lake
1809:State Parks
1785:Pecos River
1492:Bitter Lake
1317:Aztec Ruins
1271:White Sands
1031:: 112–129.
978:www.fws.gov
765:www.fws.gov
612:www.fws.gov
493:San Antonio
487:park or in
314:Piro people
146:Established
125: /
101:Coordinates
2336:Categories
2279:Washington
2199:New Mexico
2194:New Jersey
2069:California
1981:Villanueva
1941:Percha Dam
1886:Heron Lake
1800:Rio Grande
1762:Withington
1732:Salt Creek
1707:Latir Peak
1657:Blue Range
1642:Apache Kid
1629:Wilderness
1545:El Malpais
1517:San Andres
1352:Petroglyph
1342:Fort Union
1332:El Malpais
1250:New Mexico
901:(12): 11.
861:2346/93729
680:"About Us"
633:"Visit Us"
539:References
481:snow geese
441:shorebirds
358:Goodding's
350:cottonwood
329:grasslands
321:floodplain
310:Rio Grande
282:New Mexico
46:Snow geese
2289:Wisconsin
2254:Tennessee
2159:Minnesota
2134:Louisiana
1951:Rockhound
1795:Rio Chama
1790:Red River
1647:Bandelier
1522:Sevilleta
1507:Las Vegas
1322:Bandelier
1084:cite book
1003:ebird.org
544:Citations
437:waterfowl
377:smartweed
110:33°52′9″N
2274:Virginia
2224:Oklahoma
2204:New York
2179:Nebraska
2169:Missouri
2154:Michigan
2144:Maryland
2129:Kentucky
2109:Illinois
2084:Delaware
2074:Colorado
2064:Arkansas
1976:Ute Lake
1727:Sabinoso
1456:Santa Fe
1441:Coronado
1337:El Morro
917:26700871
527:See also
521:Tamarisk
325:wetlands
296:Location
269:Spanish:
154:Visitors
80:Location
2294:Wyoming
2269:Vermont
2174:Montana
2114:Indiana
2094:Georgia
2089:Florida
2059:Arizona
2049:Alabama
1677:Cebolla
1512:Maxwell
1451:Lincoln
770:9 March
709:fws.gov
689:9 March
642:9 March
586:fws.gov
499:Biology
489:Socorro
385:bulrush
356:trees,
340:Terrain
306:Spanish
172:Website
2229:Oregon
2184:Nevada
2124:Kansas
2099:Hawaii
2054:Alaska
1502:Grulla
1436:Cibola
1431:Carson
1137:1 June
1072:
1008:30 May
915:
821:
796:1 June
715:1 June
592:1 June
477:Ross's
443:, and
429:cranes
393:sedges
381:millet
364:, and
304:" in
302:Apache
2259:Texas
2139:Maine
2104:Idaho
1926:Oasis
1722:Pecos
1717:Ojito
1474:Kiowa
1375:Jemez
1299:Pecos
983:6 May
666:(PDF)
617:4 May
582:(PDF)
561:(PDF)
433:geese
421:eBird
415:Birds
389:chufa
262:PATCH
2306:Guam
2264:Utah
2219:Ohio
2119:Iowa
1702:Gila
1697:Dome
1446:Gila
1379:USFS
1139:2010
1094:link
1090:link
1070:ISBN
1051:link
1010:2024
985:2017
960:link
931:link
913:PMID
895:PLOS
876:link
819:ISBN
798:2010
772:2024
747:link
717:2010
691:2024
644:2024
619:2017
594:2010
479:and
451:and
431:and
399:and
360:and
352:and
191:The
149:1939
138:Area
1248:of
1033:doi
903:doi
856:hdl
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491:or
370:elk
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