293:
frontier populations was characterized by isolation from other regions, derived from a position adjacent to the enemy and therefore by fundamental characteristics based on military activity, which explained the concerns of councils counting on those with the economic capacity to maintain horses and weapons, in addition the infantry formed the majority of the army, and also opportunists who arrived to smuggle goods across the other side of the border, and even those convicted of violent crimes who sought to redeem themselves and avoid punishment by serving the mighty. The settlements were established through a number of fortified cores, close together, with limited extension and a scarce density of population, and with only military functions that were above all else defensive.
25:
355:, etc.) which constitute the prelude to the Capture of Granada. At the same time, the frontier ballads tell of other armed events that produced the frontier, like the flight and sorrows of the knights. Its origin seems to be found in the medieval chanson de geste, popularized since the 14th century by minstrels, who helped its spreading in the cities and villages of Spain. That way, the frontier was a key element in the formation of the vision of Islam in all of Spain.
17:
289:. It was, therefore, a place of strong exchange that allowed for legal and illegal economic activities, like trade with Oriental products or military raids aimed at the mere pursuit of plunder, and taking of hostages to support the slave trade, or simply to negotiate the release of the captives. In this respect, religious orders took sides.
296:
The primary economic activity was ranching, due to the lack of population and, therefore, a scarcity of farmhands, in addition to the insecurity of the entire terrain. Therefore, the basic economic wealth of the frontier populations was through the activity of ranching, as livestock, especially sheep
292:
The characteristics of this area caused kings to grant many rights and privileges to border towns in order to improve the attractiveness of life in those places, for even in times of peace there was a permanent risk of being caught or dying due to
Grenadines frequent raids. The society of the
369:
After its conquest, the
Kingdom of Granada kept its specificity, even in financial matters. For instance, the customs of the tax and partial tax on the old frontier with Andalucia and with Murcia were maintained, at least in that they took the Granadan silk.
184:. However, following the death of Alfonso XI in 1350, the border of Granada underwent a process of stabilization and delineation, which lasted until the War of Granada at the end of the 15th century. The line of the border ran from a point on the
84:
Several modern place names survive that relate to the frontier between
Granada and Christian Andalusia and the communities established on the Castilian side of the border. Thus, in the province of Cadiz there are the municipalities of
312:
alive in both territories, as well as the chivalrous ideal, already anachronistic in other
European territories, with a true irredentism growing from the 15th century which had as its final objective, the finalisation of the
280:
During its existence, the border had a great territorial, political, economical, religious and cultural importance. Beyond being a border like so many others, it was for more than two centuries the
European boundary between
172:"ibn al-Ahmar", first king of Granada, and King Fernando III 'El Santo', following extensive conquests by the latter in the valley of the Guadalquivir. The border then went through modifications during the reigns of
343:, may be one of the most brilliant aspects produced by this contact between civilizations. Those ballads poeticize some historical events, like the capture of significant cities of the kingdom (
469:
TORRES FONTES, J: “El campo de Lorca en la primera mitad del siglo XIV” en Miscelánea
Medieval Murciana, 11, Universidad de Murcia, 1984, pp, 155-176
532:
Martínez
Iniesta, Bautista (2003). «Los romances fronterizos: Crónica poética de la Reconquista Granadina y Antología del Romancero fronterizo».
204:. From the Guadalteba and Yeguas rivers, the border took a north-west direction, with some variations, running through the mountains south of
364:
64:
in the mid-13th century. The delineation of this border region underwent several changes subsequently, but on the death of
297:
and goats that could be transported and secured behind the walls of fortresses and cities in case of a
Moorish attack.
122:
508:
Castillo Cáceres, Fernando (1999). «La funcionalidad de un espacio: la frontera granadina en el siglo XV».
454:
La frontera y el bosque en el
Medievo: nuevos planteamientos para una problemática antigua. Vincent Clement
557:
552:
148:" in their names. However, these do not refer to the Border of Granada border, but to the border with
340:
68:
in 1350, the
Granadine border was fixed geographically, in general terms, until the beginning of the
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134:
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126:
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118:
106:
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213:
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8:
394:
330:
257:
237:
185:
130:
200:. At that point, it veered eastwards, running parallel to the northern foothills of the
379:
318:
233:
193:
57:
41:
49:
352:
269:
249:
225:
45:
522:
García Fernández, Manuel (1987). «La frontera de Granada a mediados del siglo XIV».
220:. It continued along the valley of the Guadalbullon River up to the heights of the
217:
562:
229:
61:
221:
336:
197:
141:
24:
28:
Zahara de la Sierra, town of the Sierra de Cádiz, conquered by Castille in 1407.
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304:(Major Governor of the Border) stands out, which kept the spirit of Christian
546:
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climbing northwards through the Sierra de Montecoche until it arrived at the
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261:
241:
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Among the main involvements, the creation of the military appointment of
245:
69:
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following the integration of those former Muslim territories within the
389:
301:
265:
404:
344:
16:
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and the recuperation of the territory which used to constitute the
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253:
168:
The first frontier was defined by the Pact of Jaén in 1246 between
149:
348:
72:
in the late 15th century. This territory was also referred to as
309:
286:
209:
40:
in Spanish) was a border region that existed between the
224:. Continuing northeast, it skirted the foothills of
510:
Espacio, tiempo y forma. Serie III, Historia medieval
358:
544:
335:In the artistic and cultural field, the border
256:, including the southern portion of the
23:
15:
424:
422:
420:
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539:. Universidad de Sevilla. pp. 671
140:There are other municipalities in the
365:Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile)
435:
417:
13:
324:
14:
574:
359:The border after the Reconquista
272:, formed a border area as well.
535:Mata de Carriazo, Juan (1971).
502:
302:Adelantado Mayor de la Frontera
275:
485:
472:
463:
457:
448:
163:
1:
524:Revista de Estudios Andaluces
410:
236:, where, in the districts of
319:Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo
244:, a thick forest acted as a
188:, between the mouths of the
7:
373:
79:
10:
579:
362:
328:
537:En la frontera de Granada
42:Nasrid kingdom of Granada
152:. This is the case with
91:Castellar de la Frontera
248:. All the territory of
95:Chiclana de la Frontera
127:Aguilar de la Frontera
29:
21:
119:Cortes de la Frontera
107:Jimena de la Frontera
76:(The Moorish Strip).
27:
19:
341:Ramón Menéndez Pidal
158:Palos de la Frontera
154:Rosal de la Frontera
135:Morón de la Frontera
111:Vejer de la Frontera
103:Jerez de la Frontera
99:Conil de la Frontera
87:Arcos de la Frontera
44:and the kingdoms of
515:: pp. 47–64.
395:Ballestero de monte
331:Romance of Abenamar
258:Kingdom of Valencia
186:Strait of Gibraltar
131:province of Sevilla
123:province of Cordoba
38:frontera de Granada
558:Kingdom of Castile
553:Emirate of Granada
529:: pp. 69–86.
491:Martínez Iniesta:
478:Castillo Cáceres:
441:García Fernández:
428:García Fernández:
380:Kingdom of Granada
115:province of Malaga
30:
22:
20:Kingdom of Granada
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234:Murcian territory
226:Sierra de Cazorla
214:Priego de Cordoba
202:Serranía de Ronda
34:border of Granada
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230:Sierra de Segura
194:Rio Guadarranque
144:, which include
74:La Banda Morisca
62:Crown of Castile
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339:, moniker from
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325:Border romances
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198:Guadalete River
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146:"de la Frontera
142:Huelva province
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495:: Introducción
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218:Alcala la Real
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222:Sierra Magina
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308:and Islamic
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283:Christianity
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276:Implications
190:Rio Palmones
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83:
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37:
33:
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400:Granada War
385:Reconquista
315:Reconquista
246:buffer zone
232:, entering
178:Fernando IV
164:Delineation
129:and in the
70:Granada War
547:Categories
411:References
390:Almogavars
363:See also:
329:See also:
266:Cocentaina
182:Alfonso XI
170:Muhammad I
66:Alfonso XI
405:Andalusia
345:Antequera
174:Sancho IV
121:; in the
113:; in the
374:See also
337:romances
306:crusades
254:Orihuela
250:Alicante
238:Caravaca
206:Benameji
192:and the
150:Portugal
80:Toponymy
563:Borders
493:op.ref.
480:op.ref.
443:op.ref.
430:op.ref.
268:to the
260:, from
58:Seville
54:Córdoba
482:, p.48
445:, p.71
432:, p.70
353:Alhama
46:Murcia
349:Álora
310:Jihad
287:Islam
262:Alcoy
242:Lorca
285:and
264:and
252:and
240:and
228:and
216:and
210:Rute
180:and
156:and
109:and
56:and
50:Jaén
32:The
270:sea
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