31:
1014:
1346:. This would make it no later than, say, the early first century AD. Winston dates it precisely to the reign of Caligula (AD 37-41) when the Alexandrian Jewish community underwent a particularly severe crisis which he feels is reflected in the harsh anti-Gentile tone of the book. Larcher is not convinced of this later dating. It is safest to say that the Wisdom of Solomon was probably written about thirty years either side of the turn of the era.
1370:, but recent scholarship has favoured regarding it as a unified work. In either case its blend of Greek and Jewish features suggests a learned Hellenistic background, and despite the address to the "rulers of the world" the actual audience was probably members of the author's own community who were tempted to give up their Jewishness in the face of the temptations of Greek culture and the hostile conditions facing Jews in the Greek world.
1379:
those who are prepared through righteousness. The suffering of the righteous will be rewarded with immortality, while the wicked will end miserably. The unrighteous are doomed because they do not know God's purpose, but the righteous will judge the unrighteous in God's presence. Lady Wisdom, first referred to as "she" in Wisdom 6:12, dominates the middle section of the book (chapters 6-9), in which
Solomon speaks. She existed from the
1338:. He confirms this conclusion by an analysis of the thirty-five Greek words in the Wisdom of Solomon which are not attested in other Greek literature before the first century AD. Larcher 1983: 1:141-61 argues that the book was composed over a period of time between 31 and 10 BC. The latest possible date for the work is more difficult to fix than the earliest. Most scholars feel that Wisdom predates
1297:(c. 730) the Book of Wisdom is not in the ark: "There are also the Panaretus, that is the Wisdom of Solomon, and the Wisdom of Jesus, which was published in Hebrew by the father of Sirach, and afterwards translated into Greek by his grandson, Jesus, the Son of Sirach. These are virtuous and noble, but are not counted nor were they placed in the ark."
1309:(Egypt), around the turn of the era-late first century BC. to early first century AD. Alexandria is where the Greek Bible was translated and put together. What is known of the Jewish community there accords with what can be deduced from the text about the audience for which it was written. It shares an outlook similar to that of other texts such as
1378:
The book opens with the opposed pairs righteousness/unrighteousness and death/immortality: those who do not follow righteousness will fall into "senseless reasoning" and will not be open to wisdom; wisdom is not an inherent human quality nor one that can be taught, but comes from outside, and only to
1325:
to describe personified Wisdom as a divine female figure. Another is the very clear interest in Egypt revealed in the third section of the book (chs. 10-19). Ch. 10 begins a review of Israel's history but never gets beyond the exodus story, where the text indulges in a sharp polemic against idolatry
1183:
The book is addressed to the rulers of the earth (verse 1:1), urging them to love righteousness and seek wisdom; the wicked think that all is chance and that they should enjoy each day, but they are deluded. In the second section
Solomon (not explicitly named, but strongly implied) tells of his
1060:" itself, appearing under two principal aspects. The first aspect is, in its relation to mankind, wisdom is the perfection of knowledge of the righteous as a gift from God showing itself in action. The second aspect is, in direct relation to God, wisdom is with God from all
1415:, writing, "this admirable book seems partly Mosaic & partly Platonic in its tone. Who wrote it I know not. Someone to whom both Plato and Moses stood for godfather." The interplay of multiple philosophies is exemplified in many of Melville's works, specifically
1326:
in its particular
Egyptian manifestation, that is, the animal cult (see 12:24; 15:18-19). There are no clear allusions to contemporary historical events in the book, so one can suggest only an approximate date for it. Since the author quotes from most parts of the
1383:, and God is her source and guide. She is to be loved and desired, and kings seek her: Solomon himself preferred wisdom to wealth, health, and all other things. She in turn has always come to the aid of the righteous, from Adam to
1387:. The final section, chapters 10-19, takes up the theme of the rescue of the righteous, taking the Exodus as its focus: "You (God) have not neglected to help (your people the Jews) at all times and in all places." (Wisdom 19:22).
1333:
Winston 1979: 20-25 argues that the earliest date for the book can be more precisely fixed as sometime after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC on the grounds that 14:16-20 is an allusion to the emperor cult begun under
1365:
and with Greek philosophical literature. It is uncertain whether the book has a single author or comes from a school of writers, it is said to be "written by the friends of
Solomon in his honour" in the
2857:
1187:
The Wisdom of
Solomon can be linked to several forms of ancient literature, both Jewish and non-Jewish, but it clearly belongs with biblical Wisdom books such as
2127:
1229:
writes that the Book of Wisdom along with three other deuterocanonical books, while not being part of the Canon, "were appointed by the
Fathers to be read".
2150:
2080:
2101:
2542:
3474:
3356:
1321:, which all came from this community. One specific indication of Egyptian origin is the author's use of Egyptian imagery of the goddess
2259:
1195:
and with the Greek genre of the "exhortatory discourse", by which a teacher attempts to persuade others to a certain course of action.
1876:
1305:
There is a general consensus among scholars (with only a few dissenting voices) that the Wisdom of
Solomon was written in Greek, in
3609:
3433:
1632:
3341:
3336:
3351:
1642:
1488:
30:
3042:
3820:
3148:
2325:
1508:
1000:
1191:, one of only five such books among ancient Jewish literature. In terms of classical genre it has been identified as an
3469:
3143:
3004:
1760:
1936:
3555:
3111:
2162:
2139:
2113:
2090:
2033:
1443:
3229:
3106:
2957:
2535:
1125:
957:
3846:
3489:
2438:
3876:
2252:
1770:
1732:
3479:
3861:
3841:
3443:
3438:
1427:, wherein religious and philosophical interplay represent the struggle for certainty in the 19th century.
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1435:
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3131:
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1446:
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3789:
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2221:
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1330:
version of the OT, he cannot have been writing much before the middle of the second century BC.
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3203:
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1478:
1230:
730:
246:
1834:
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2572:
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8:
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2369:
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2061:
1367:
1279:
1241:
868:
608:
559:
489:
111:
1509:"The theological paraphrasing of history: The Exodus tradition in the Wisdom of Solomon"
1240:) mentions that the Wisdom of Solomon was of disputed canonicity. According to the monk
3810:
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3298:
3213:
3019:
3014:
2976:
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2499:
2448:
2433:
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1404:
1314:
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1113:
986:
894:
863:
201:
146:
20:
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3734:
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3076:
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2929:
2750:
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2504:
2408:
2158:
2135:
2109:
2086:
2029:
1900:
1766:
1728:
1638:
1484:
1412:
1354:
1275:
923:
789:
779:
549:
479:
306:
296:
91:
1013:
3856:
3815:
3800:
3689:
3645:
3541:
3484:
3379:
3361:
3293:
3281:
3239:
3178:
3163:
3054:
2942:
2735:
2680:
2660:
2640:
2413:
2305:
2300:
2268:
1458:
1290:
1283:
1207:
1093:
1077:
1065:
937:
774:
706:
657:
618:
574:
365:
291:
222:
1911:
1255:) the Book of Wisdom was categorized as "ecclesiastical" rather than "canonical".
3795:
3783:
3724:
3276:
3254:
3208:
2755:
2715:
2690:
2620:
2595:
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2196:
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554:
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311:
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232:
177:
101:
71:
1707:
530:
19:
This article is about the Greek Jewish scripture. For the Druze scriptures, see
3750:
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2808:
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2625:
2610:
2605:
2585:
2551:
2469:
2464:
1358:
1318:
1263:
859:
854:
829:
784:
721:
701:
623:
603:
588:
583:
544:
469:
446:
301:
212:
187:
167:
157:
81:
1659:
1342:
and was also used by some NT authors, particularly Paul and the author of the
3835:
3704:
3259:
3068:
2937:
2803:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2700:
2670:
2568:
2474:
2049:
1822:
1683:
1631:
Coogan, Michael; Brettler, Marc; Newsom, Carol; Perkins, Pheme (2018-03-01).
1362:
1129:
1109:
1085:
932:
824:
769:
764:
759:
739:
692:
667:
513:
406:
389:
286:
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256:
1864:
1799:
1776:
3684:
3585:
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3417:
3346:
3248:
2710:
2705:
2665:
2635:
2615:
2563:
2509:
1081:
1041:
976:
749:
744:
662:
638:
613:
593:
436:
416:
266:
261:
38:
1912:
Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III
1725:
A general survey of the history of the canon of the New
Testament Page 570
3400:
2996:
2914:
2909:
2823:
2818:
2650:
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2489:
2484:
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2184:
1310:
1137:
1089:
1049:
909:
904:
844:
839:
647:
375:
3234:
16:
Jewish work written in Greek generally dated to the mid-first century BC
3389:
2356:
1945:
1384:
1350:
1306:
1069:
1045:
1033:
129:
1206:
in the 2nd century AD refers to uncertainty about the Book of Wisdom.
3699:
3592:
2904:
2520:
2428:
1417:
1408:
899:
3694:
3619:
3411:
2981:
2968:
2947:
2894:
2889:
2423:
2418:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2237:
1335:
1192:
1174:
1061:
1053:
952:
942:
889:
884:
3564:
3423:
3288:
2395:
2320:
2315:
2310:
1853:
A General Survey of the
History of the Canon of the New Testament
1225:(405) considered Wisdom of Solomon as part of the Old Testament.
1028:
329:
1634:
The New Oxford
Annotated Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version
3394:
3271:
2655:
2212:
1839:
The Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who assembled at Carthage
1423:
1203:
1073:
1057:
652:
355:
3580:
2555:
2277:
1339:
1037:
54:
1156:
Solomon's speech concerning wisdom, wealth, power and prayer
1877:"Канон Библии. История канонизации книг Священного Писания"
1630:
1322:
1145:
speech of the impious, contrasts of the wicked and the just
3533:
1976:
1566:
1564:
1327:
1032:, is a book written in Greek and most likely composed in
1995:
1993:
1991:
1709:
Letter from Innocent I to Exsuperius, bishop of Toulouse
2104:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1442:, on December 2, 1859, the day of the execution of the
2187:, UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS (USCCB)
2005:
1612:
1561:
1988:
1964:
1916:
1576:
1952:
1527:
1361:, and he was familiar with late Jewish works as the
1017:
Image from "Book of Wisdom" of Francysk Skaryna 1518
1600:
1588:
1476:
1407:, he managed to note the interplay of Hellenistic
1258:The Book of Wisdom was listed as canonical by the
2153:. In Newsom, Carol Ann; Ringe, Sharon H. (eds.).
3833:
1748:Athanasius of Alexandria, Excerpt from Letter 39
1128:of the work can be grouped into three sections.
1797:
1765:(2. impression. ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1170:digression on false worship and further plagues
1119:
1727:(6th ed.). Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.
1681:
1557:Introduction to the Wisdom of Solomon, p. 1004
1056:(AD 37-41), the central theme of the work is "
3549:
2536:
2253:
1762:The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis 8:6:1-4
1495:usually assigned to the late first century BC
1164:introduction, followed by diptychs of plagues
994:
1349:The author's prime literary source was the
1100:, i.e. it is included in the canons of the
1048:. Generally dated to the mid-first century
3556:
3542:
2543:
2529:
2260:
2246:
2130:. In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
1855:(5th ed. Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 440, 541-2.
1001:
987:
1685:On Christian Doctrine Book II Chapter 8:2
2023:
1758:
1722:
1470:
1434:, starting with Chapter II, was read at
1012:
2122:
2048:
2011:
1982:
1582:
3834:
2550:
2148:
2099:
2078:
1999:
1970:
1958:
1922:
1759:Williams, translated by Frank (1987).
1618:
1606:
1594:
1570:
1540:
3537:
2524:
2241:
1865:Council of Carthage (in 419) Canon 24
1841:, Christian Classics Ethereal Library
1801:Commentary on the Apostles' Creed #38
2267:
1657:
3475:Other books referenced in the Bible
3434:New Testament manuscript categories
2326:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
2064:. pp. 437–454, at pp. 451–454.
1477:Jennifer Mary Dines (8 June 2004).
1167:digression on God's power and mercy
13:
3005:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2028:. New York: Garland. p. 315.
1506:
1210:(possibly) in the 2nd century AD,
14:
3893:
2173:
2106:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
1295:Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
29:
3490:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2439:Additions to the Book of Esther
2157:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2042:
2017:
1928:
1905:
1894:
1869:
1858:
1845:
1827:
1816:
1791:
1752:
1741:
1716:
1700:
1675:
1651:
1624:
2071:
1723:Westcott, Brooke Foss (2005).
1546:
1500:
1430:A considerable portion of the
1403:heavily. Without knowledge of
1300:
1173:recapitulation and concluding
1:
2510:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
1483:. A&C Black. p. 19.
1464:
1395:19th-century American author
1245:
1234:
1215:
1198:
1835:"Canon XXIV. (Greek xxvii.)"
1390:
1132:organises these as follows:
1120:Structure, genre and content
7:
3765:Magical Treatise of Solomon
3563:
2134:. Oxford University Press.
2132:The Oxford Bible Commentary
2128:"43. The Wisdom of Solomon"
1637:. Oxford University Press.
1452:
10:
3898:
3470:English Bible translations
2858:Song of the Three Children
2185:Wisdom, THE BOOK OF WISDOM
2079:Grabbe, Lester L. (2004).
1937:"Canon Muratorianus"
1901:Session 11—4 February 1442
18:
3776:
3758:The Lesser Key of Solomon
3674:
3628:
3571:
3508:
3452:
3370:
3324:
3222:
3067:
3030:
2995:
2966:
2928:
2873:
2780:
2764:
2562:
2457:
2393:
2354:
2275:
2219:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2149:Tanzer, Sarah J. (1998).
2100:Hayman, A. Peter (2003).
2024:Melville, Herman (1987).
1515:. Stellenbosch University
1373:
1272:Council of Carthage (419)
1268:Council of Carthage (397)
1064:. It is one of the seven
488:
478:
468:
445:
435:
425:
415:
405:
374:
364:
354:
231:
221:
211:
186:
176:
166:
156:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
2155:Women's Bible Commentary
2058:Echoes of Harper's Ferry
1661:Church History (Book IV)
1112:consider it part of the
1040:. It is not part of the
3332:Intertestamental period
2151:"The Wisdom of Solomon"
2102:"The Wisdom of Solomon"
1399:marked his copy of the
1276:Quinisext Council (692)
1106:Eastern Orthodox Church
1068:or wisdom books in the
1044:but is included in the
3847:Deuterocanonical books
3316:Apocalyptic literature
2953:Paralipomena of Baruch
1440:Concord, Massachusetts
1344:Epistle to the Hebrews
1142:exhortation to justice
1098:deuterocanonical books
1018:
948:Paralipomena of Baruch
3877:Culture in Alexandria
3480:Additional Scriptures
3444:New Testament uncials
2336:Apocalypse of Abraham
2054:"Services at Concord"
2026:Melville's Marginalia
1798:Rufinus of Aquileia.
1231:Epiphanius of Salamis
1148:exhortation to wisdom
1052:, or to the reign of
1016:
3862:Texts in Koine Greek
3842:1st-century BC books
3790:King Solomon's Mines
3740:Testament of Solomon
3636:Judgement of Solomon
3465:Bible version debate
3439:New Testament papyri
3385:Samaritan Pentateuch
3010:Testament of Abraham
2948:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2331:Testament of Abraham
2291:Life of Adam and Eve
1682:Augustine of Hippo.
1353:, in particular the
943:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3641:Solomon and Marcolf
3407:Muratorian fragment
3342:New Testament canon
3337:Old Testament canon
3230:Chapters and verses
2848:Additions to Daniel
2814:Additions to Esther
2444:Additions to Daniel
2370:Ascension of Isaiah
2341:Assumption of Moses
2062:Thayer and Eldridge
1985:, pp. 655–656.
1942:Ante-Nicene Fathers
1823:Decretum Galasianum
1779:on 6 September 2015
1368:Muratorian Fragment
1280:Council of Florence
1242:Rufinus of Aquileia
1184:search for wisdom.
1096:. It is one of the
1088:(Song of Solomon),
1072:, the others being
869:Additions to Daniel
835:Additions to Esther
3666:Valley of the ants
3610:Pharaoh's daughter
3020:Testament of Jacob
3015:Testament of Isaac
2900:Prayer of Manasseh
2863:Bel and the Dragon
2843:Letter of Jeremiah
2500:Letter of Aristeas
2449:Prayer of Manasseh
2365:Letter of Jeremiah
2346:Joseph and Aseneth
2296:Testament of Qahat
2286:Genesis Apocryphon
1436:a memorial service
1405:biblical criticism
1315:Letter of Aristeas
1282:(in 1442) and the
1019:
895:Prayer of Manasseh
864:Letter of Jeremiah
21:Epistles of Wisdom
3867:Wisdom literature
3829:
3828:
3735:Psalms of Solomon
3730:Prayer of Solomon
3711:Deuterocanonical
3661:Throne of Solomon
3598:Solomonic dynasty
3574:reputed relations
3531:
3530:
3500:Textual criticism
3063:
3062:
2987:Psalms of Solomon
2930:Orthodox Tewahedo
2518:
2517:
2505:Sibylline Oracles
2409:Psalms of Solomon
2276:Apocrypha in the
2236:
2235:
2231:
2210:Succeeded by
2085:. A&C Black.
2082:Wisdom of Solomon
1644:978-0-19-027613-3
1621:, pp. 25–26.
1573:, pp. 22–23.
1507:Bosman, Hendrik.
1490:978-0-567-08464-4
1432:Wisdom of Solomon
1413:Jewish philosophy
1401:Wisdom of Solomon
1355:Wisdom literature
1011:
1010:
971:
970:
965:
964:
924:Orthodox Tewahedo
850:Wisdom of Solomon
802:
801:
508:
507:
502:
501:
498:
497:
455:
454:
384:
383:
320:
319:
241:
240:
196:
195:
120:
119:
3889:
3872:Jewish apocrypha
3816:Sorcery (goetia)
3801:Solomonic column
3777:Related articles
3656:Solomon's Temple
3651:Solomon's shamir
3646:Solomon in Islam
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3380:Dead Sea Scrolls
3362:Dating the Bible
3240:Historical books
2877:Eastern Orthodox
2790:Eastern Orthodox
2778:
2777:
2771:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2414:Testament of Job
2306:Book of Jubilees
2301:Visions of Amram
2269:Jewish apocrypha
2262:
2255:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2226:
2222:Eastern Orthodox
2194:Preceded by
2191:
2190:
2168:
2145:
2124:Horbury, William
2119:
2096:
2066:
2065:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1851:B. F. Westcott,
1849:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1775:. Archived from
1756:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1474:
1459:Solomonic wisdom
1291:John of Damascus
1284:Council of Trent
1254:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1220:
1217:
1208:Melito of Sardis
1161:Book of History
1003:
996:
989:
819:
818:
815:
813:Deuterocanonical
689:
688:
685:
641:
577:
533:
524:
523:
518:
466:
465:
403:
402:
396:
352:
351:
343:
342:
338:
334:
209:
208:
154:
153:
143:
142:
138:
134:
68:
67:
63:
59:
49:
48:
43:
33:
26:
25:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3821:United Monarchy
3811:Solomon's Pools
3796:Seal of Solomon
3784:Boaz and Jachin
3772:
3725:Odes of Solomon
3681:Protocanonical
3670:
3624:
3573:
3567:
3562:
3532:
3527:
3504:
3448:
3366:
3357:Christian canon
3320:
3255:Prophetic books
3218:
3149:2 Thessalonians
3144:1 Thessalonians
3059:
3026:
2991:
2962:
2924:
2883:
2869:
2797:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2519:
2514:
2458:Other apocrypha
2453:
2389:
2350:
2271:
2266:
2225:
2215:
2199:
2197:Song of Solomon
2176:
2171:
2165:
2142:
2116:
2093:
2074:
2069:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1721:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1664:. Newadvent.org
1656:
1652:
1645:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1562:
1553:Jerusalem Bible
1551:
1547:
1539:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1455:
1397:Herman Melville
1393:
1376:
1303:
1260:Council of Rome
1250:
1248:
1237:
1223:Pope Innocent I
1218:
1201:
1189:the Book of Job
1153:Book of Wisdom
1122:
1102:Catholic Church
1007:
967:
966:
816:
811:
804:
803:
686:
681:
674:
673:
672:
642:
637:
630:
629:
628:
578:
573:
566:
565:
564:
534:
529:
516:
504:
503:
394:
340:
336:
330:
322:
321:
316:
140:
136:
130:
122:
121:
65:
61:
55:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Solomon's knot
3803:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3751:Key of Solomon
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3715:Book of Wisdom
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:Queen of Sheba
3612:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3495:Synod of Hippo
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Masoretic Text
3426:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3265:Minor prophets
3262:
3260:Major prophets
3252:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3038:Pseudepigrapha
3034:
3032:
3031:Classification
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2977:Psalms 152–155
2973:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:1–2 Chronicles
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2559:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Book of Judith
2467:
2465:Book of Sirach
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Psalms 152–155
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2404:Book of Wisdom
2400:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2206:Old Testament
2204:Roman Catholic
2200:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:External links
2172:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2146:
2140:
2120:
2114:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2050:Redpath, James
2041:
2034:
2016:
2014:, p. 658.
2004:
2002:, p. 293.
1987:
1975:
1973:, p. 764.
1963:
1951:
1927:
1925:, p. 763.
1915:
1904:
1893:
1881:apologetica.ru
1868:
1857:
1844:
1826:
1815:
1790:
1771:
1751:
1740:
1733:
1715:
1699:
1674:
1650:
1643:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1585:, p. 650.
1575:
1560:
1545:
1543:, p. 294.
1526:
1499:
1489:
1480:The Septuagint
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1392:
1389:
1375:
1372:
1359:Book of Isaiah
1319:works of Philo
1302:
1299:
1264:Synod of Hippo
1262:(AD 382), the
1200:
1197:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1121:
1118:
1023:Book of Wisdom
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
983:
980:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
963:
962:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
927:
926:
920:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
817:
810:
809:
806:
805:
800:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
734:
733:
731:Minor prophets
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
696:
695:
693:Major prophets
687:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
609:1–2 Chronicles
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
580:
579:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
535:
528:
527:
520:
519:
517:(Christianity)
510:
509:
506:
505:
500:
499:
496:
495:
494:Divre Hayyamim
492:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
462:
461:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
419:
413:
412:
409:
399:
398:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
348:
347:
341:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
317:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
250:
249:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:
205:
204:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
180:
174:
173:
170:
164:
163:
160:
150:
149:
141:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
74:
66:
53:
52:
45:
44:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3894:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:Song of Songs
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:Reputed works
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:2 Corinthians
3110:
3108:
3107:1 Corinthians
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3069:New Testament
3066:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:New Testament
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2958:Broader canon
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Song of Songs
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:Old Testament
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Book of Tobit
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2394:Apocrypha in
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2355:Apocrypha in
2353:
2347:
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2256:
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2240:
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2224:Old Testament
2223:
2218:
2214:
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2198:
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2186:
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2177:
2166:
2164:9780664257811
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2141:9780199277186
2137:
2133:
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2115:9780802837110
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
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2092:9780567084446
2088:
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2077:
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2063:
2059:
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2051:
2045:
2037:
2035:9780824000578
2031:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1961:, p. 24.
1960:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1882:
1878:
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1854:
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1687:
1686:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1609:, p. 25.
1608:
1603:
1597:, p. 13.
1596:
1591:
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1579:
1572:
1567:
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1558:
1554:
1549:
1542:
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1410:
1406:
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1398:
1388:
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1371:
1369:
1364:
1363:Book of Enoch
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1289:According to
1287:
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1130:Lester Grabbe
1127:
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1111:
1107:
1103:
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1086:Song of Songs
1083:
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975:
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958:Broader canon
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908:
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877:Orthodox only
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668:Song of Songs
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480:Ezra–Nehemiah
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411:Shir Hashirim
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62:(Instruction)
58:
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3852:Jewish texts
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3714:
3685:Ecclesiastes
3586:Davidic line
3418:Vetus Latina
3416:
3399:
3352:Jewish canon
3347:Antilegomena
3249:Poetic Books
3245:Wisdom books
3223:Subdivisions
3136:
2841: /
2828:
2766:Deuterocanon
2686:Lamentations
2666:Ecclesiastes
2573:(protocanon)
2564:Hebrew Bible
2403:
2229:Deuterocanon
2220:
2202:
2154:
2131:
2108:. Eerdmans.
2105:
2081:
2057:
2044:
2025:
2019:
2012:Horbury 2007
2007:
1983:Horbury 2007
1978:
1966:
1954:
1944:– via
1941:
1930:
1918:
1907:
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1883:(in Russian)
1880:
1871:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1800:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1761:
1754:
1743:
1724:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1684:
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1660:
1653:
1633:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1583:Horbury 2007
1578:
1556:
1548:
1517:. Retrieved
1512:
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1472:
1444:abolitionist
1431:
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1042:Hebrew Bible
1026:
1022:
1020:
977:Bible portal
862: /
849:
712:Lamentations
663:Ecclesiastes
437:Ecclesiastes
427:Lamentations
391:
331:
131:
56:
39:Hebrew Bible
3721:Apocryphal
3629:Occurrences
3523:WikiProject
3401:Diatessaron
3372:Manuscripts
3325:Development
3127:Philippians
2997:Beta Israel
2915:4 Maccabees
2910:3 Maccabees
2824:2 Maccabees
2819:1 Maccabees
2601:Deuteronomy
2495:4 Maccabees
2490:3 Maccabees
2485:2 Maccabees
2480:1 Maccabees
2072:Works cited
2000:Tanzer 1998
1971:Hayman 2003
1959:Grabbe 2004
1923:Hayman 2003
1804:. newadvent
1688:. newadvent
1619:Grabbe 2004
1607:Grabbe 2004
1595:Grabbe 2004
1571:Grabbe 2004
1541:Tanzer 1998
1311:4 Maccabees
1301:Composition
1286:(in 1546).
1266:(393), the
1138:Eschatology
1110:Protestants
1108:, but most
910:4 Maccabees
905:3 Maccabees
845:2 Maccabees
840:1 Maccabees
560:Deuteronomy
112:Deuteronomy
3836:Categories
3746:Grimoires
3572:Family and
3460:Authorship
3390:Septuagint
3235:Pentateuch
3214:Revelation
3138:Laodiceans
3132:Colossians
2621:1–2 Samuel
2060:. Boston:
1946:Wikisource
1887:2023-02-05
1808:12 October
1783:11 October
1772:9004079262
1734:1597522392
1692:12 October
1668:2010-07-10
1658:Eusebius.
1465:References
1447:John Brown
1385:the Exodus
1351:Septuagint
1317:, and the
1307:Alexandria
1249: 400
1238: 385
1227:Athanasius
1219: 397
1199:Canonicity
1070:Septuagint
1066:sapiential
1046:Septuagint
1034:Alexandria
1027:Wisdom of
599:1–2 Samuel
575:Historical
531:Pentateuch
490:Chronicles
460:Historical
337:(Writings)
137:(Prophets)
3700:Psalm 127
3593:Menelik I
3299:Johannine
3159:2 Timothy
3154:1 Timothy
3122:Ephesians
3117:Galatians
2905:Psalm 151
2773:apocrypha
2751:Zechariah
2741:Zephaniah
2626:1–2 Kings
2591:Leviticus
2429:Psalm 151
1418:Moby-Dick
1409:Platonism
1391:Influence
1212:Augustine
1114:Apocrypha
1025:, or the
900:Psalm 151
790:Zechariah
780:Zephaniah
683:Prophetic
604:1–2 Kings
550:Leviticus
395:(Scrolls)
307:Zechariah
297:Zephaniah
237:Yekhezqel
227:Yirmeyahu
217:Yeshayahu
92:Leviticus
42:(Judaism)
3695:Psalm 72
3690:Proverbs
3620:Rehoboam
3513:Category
3412:Peshitta
3309:Catholic
3304:Pastoral
3289:Epistles
3282:Synoptic
3169:Philemon
2982:2 Baruch
2969:Peshitta
2943:Jubilees
2895:2 Esdras
2890:1 Esdras
2785:Catholic
2736:Habakkuk
2681:Jeremiah
2661:Proverbs
2641:Nehemiah
2424:2 Esdras
2419:1 Esdras
2385:3 Baruch
2380:2 Baruch
2375:1 Baruch
2126:(2007).
2052:(1860).
1555:(1966),
1453:See also
1381:Creation
1357:and the
1336:Augustus
1270:and the
1193:encomium
1175:doxology
1136:Book of
1126:chapters
1104:and the
1078:Proverbs
1062:eternity
1054:Caligula
953:Josippon
938:Jubilees
890:2 Esdras
885:1 Esdras
775:Habakkuk
707:Jeremiah
658:Proverbs
619:Nehemiah
474:Daniyyel
392:Megillot
366:Proverbs
360:Tehillim
292:Habakkuk
223:Jeremiah
192:Melakhim
172:Shofetim
162:Yehoshua
106:Bemidbar
76:Bereshit
3857:Solomon
3565:Solomon
3485:Studies
3453:Related
3424:Vulgate
3294:Pauline
3272:Gospels
3189:2 Peter
3184:1 Peter
3174:Hebrews
3077:Matthew
2967:Syriac
2853:Susanna
2756:Malachi
2716:Obadiah
2691:Ezekiel
2596:Numbers
2581:Genesis
2554:of the
2396:Ketuvim
2357:Nevi'im
2321:3 Enoch
2316:2 Enoch
2311:1 Enoch
1519:3 March
1293:in his
1124:The 19
1029:Solomon
795:Malachi
755:Obadiah
717:Ezekiel
555:Numbers
540:Genesis
441:Qohelet
370:Mishlei
332:Ketuvim
312:Malachi
272:Obadiah
233:Ezekiel
182:Shemuel
132:Nevi'im
116:Devarim
102:Numbers
96:Wayiqra
72:Genesis
3605:Naamah
3518:Portal
3395:Targum
3204:3 John
3199:2 John
3194:1 John
3102:Romans
3055:Jewish
2880:Others
2839:Baruch
2834:Sirach
2829:Wisdom
2809:Judith
2794:Others
2746:Haggai
2696:Daniel
2676:Isaiah
2656:Psalms
2646:Esther
2611:Judges
2606:Joshua
2586:Exodus
2213:Sirach
2161:
2138:
2112:
2089:
2032:
1769:
1731:
1641:
1513:Scielo
1487:
1424:Clarel
1374:Themes
1278:, the
1274:, the
1251:
1221:) and
1204:Origen
1094:Sirach
1092:, and
1074:Psalms
1058:wisdom
860:Baruch
855:Sirach
830:Judith
785:Haggai
722:Daniel
702:Isaiah
653:Psalms
639:Wisdom
624:Esther
589:Judges
584:Joshua
545:Exodus
470:Daniel
447:Esther
431:Eikhah
356:Psalms
346:Poetic
335:
302:Haggai
247:Minor
213:Isaiah
202:Latter
178:Samuel
168:Judges
158:Joshua
147:Former
135:
86:Shemot
82:Exodus
60:
3581:David
3179:James
3164:Titus
2938:Enoch
2804:Tobit
2731:Nahum
2726:Micah
2721:Jonah
2701:Hosea
2556:Bible
2552:Books
2278:Torah
1340:Philo
1038:Egypt
933:Enoch
825:Tobit
770:Nahum
765:Micah
760:Jonah
740:Hosea
451:Ester
390:Five
287:Nahum
282:Micah
277:Jonah
257:Hosea
188:Kings
57:Torah
3277:List
3209:Jude
3097:Acts
3092:John
3087:Luke
3082:Mark
3043:list
2920:Odes
2711:Amos
2706:Joel
2636:Ezra
2616:Ruth
2227:see
2179:Text
2159:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1810:2016
1785:2016
1767:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1694:2016
1639:ISBN
1521:2024
1485:ISBN
1421:and
1411:and
1323:Isis
1021:The
915:Odes
750:Amos
745:Joel
614:Ezra
594:Ruth
484:Ezra
417:Ruth
380:Iyov
267:Amos
262:Joel
2770:and
2651:Job
1438:in
1328:LXX
1090:Job
648:Job
421:Rut
376:Job
3838::
2056:.
1990:^
1940:.
1879:.
1837:,
1563:^
1529:^
1511:.
1493:.
1449:.
1313:,
1253:AD
1246:c.
1235:c.
1216:c.
1116:.
1084:,
1080:,
1076:,
1050:BC
1036:,
3557:e
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3543:v
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3247:(
2566:/
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2167:.
2144:.
2118:.
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2038:.
1948:.
1890:.
1812:.
1787:.
1737:.
1712:.
1696:.
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1647:.
1523:.
1244:(
1233:(
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1177:.
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