1605:
1636:
1747:
3281:
1164:
1770:
1701:
1619:
1787:
1315:
1678:
1661:
1007:
1721:
24:
3086:
1522:, indicating an authoritative status among some sects. Proposed explanations have included its age, literary quality, a supposed Samaritan origin, or an infringement of ritual law, in that it depicts the marriage contract between Tobias and his bride as written by her father rather than her groom. Alternatively, allusions to fallen angels and its thematic connections with works such as
1604:
1257:
Tobias and Sarah are married, Tobias grows wealthy, and they return to
Nineveh (Assyria) where Tobit and Anna await them. Tobit's blindness is cured, and Raphael departs after admonishing Tobit and Tobias to bless God and declare his deeds to the people (the Israelites), to pray and fast, and to give
1270:
Tobit is a work with some historical references, combining prayers, ethical exhortation, humour and adventure with elements drawn from folklore, wisdom tale, travel story, romance and comedy. It offered the diaspora (the Jews in exile) guidance on how to retain Jewish identity, and its message was
1746:
1542:
Tobit's place in the
Christian canon allowed it to influence theology, art and culture in Europe. It was often dealt with by the early Church fathers, and the motif of Tobias and the fish (the fish being a symbol of Christ) was extremely popular in both art and theology; this is normally called
1238:
Tobit, a pious man, buries dead
Israelites, but one evening while he sleeps he is partially blinded by a bird which defecates in his eyes; he later becomes fully blind after physicians place ointment in his eyes. He becomes dependent on his wife, but accuses her of stealing and prays for death.
1138:
The vast majority of modern commentators recognize it as a work of fiction with some references to historical events. The story is set in the 8th century BCE, but the book itself is thought to date from between 225 and 175 BCE. No scholarly consensus exists on the place of composition, but a
1261:
In the epilogue Tobit tells Tobias that
Nineveh will be destroyed as an example of wickedness; likewise Israel will be rendered desolate and the Temple will be destroyed, but Israel and the Temple will be restored; therefore Tobias should leave Nineveh, and he and his children should live in
1635:
1376:, meaning "second canon". Catholic and Orthodox Christianity include it in the Biblical canon. As Protestants came to follow the Masoretic canon, they therefore did not include Tobit in their canon, but do recognise it in the category of deuterocanonical books called the
3089:
1332:
Tobit exists in two Greek versions, one (Sinaiticus) longer than the other (Vaticanus and
Alexandrinus). Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of Tobit (four Aramaic, one Hebrew – it is not clear which was the original language) found among the Dead Sea Scrolls at
1473:'s personal view was that even if it were "all made up, then it is indeed a very beautiful, wholesome and useful fiction or drama by a gifted poet" and that "this book is useful and good for us Christians to read." Article VI of the
1155:". However, the story contains significant errors in geographical detail (such as the distance from Ecbatana to Rhages and their topography), and arguments against and in favor of Judean or Egyptian composition also exist.
1254:, and Raphael tells Tobias that the burnt heart and liver can drive out demons and the gall can cure blindness. They arrive in Ecbatana and meet Sarah, and as Raphael has predicted the demon is driven out.
1769:
1700:
2659:
The author also promotes an ideology of marriage, revealed mainly in the prayer of 8:5–7 (which is an optional Old
Testament reading in Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist marriage services).
1089:
kills anyone she intends to marry, but with the aid of
Raphael the demon is exorcised and Tobias and Sarah marry. Tobias and Sarah then return to Nineveh, where Tobit is cured of his blindness.
1507:, though alternate Old Testament readings are provided. Liturgically, the Catholic and Anglican churches may use a scripture reading from the Book of Tobit in services of Holy Matrimony.
2027:
1786:
1278:
of the
Catholic Church. Because of the book's praise for the purity of marriage, it is often read during weddings in many rites. Doctrinally, the book is cited for its teachings on the
2764:
Huet, G. "LE CONTE DU « MORT RECONNAISSANT » ET LE LIVRE DE TOBIE." Revue De L'histoire Des
Religions 71 (1915): 1-29. Accessed June 18, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/23662846.
1618:
4229:
1250:
is sent to help them. Tobias is sent to recover money from a relative, and
Raphael, in human disguise, offers to accompany him. On the way they catch a fish in the
2631:
In all places where a reading from the deuterocanonical books (The Apocrypha) is listed, an alternate reading from the canonical Scriptures has also been provided.
1057:
work from the 3rd or early 2nd century BCE which describes how God tests the faithful, responds to prayers, and protects the covenant community (i.e., the
1436:(AD 367) mentioned that certain other books, including the book of Tobit, while not being part of the Canon, "were appointed by the Fathers to be read".
2830:
1510:
Tobit contains some interesting evidence of the early evolution of the canon, referring to two rather than three divisions, the Law of Moses (i.e. the
1677:
2241:
1553:, who, despite belonging to the Dutch Reformed Church, was responsible for a series of paintings and drawings illustrating episodes from the book.
1720:
1611:
Departure of Tobias guided by the archangel Raphael; cutting from an initial I from a gradual by the Master of Noah's Ark: Cleveland Museum of Art
3500:
1469:
holds Tobit as part of the "Apocrypha, that is, books which are not held equal to the sacred Scriptures, and nevertheless are useful to read".
1660:
3914:
1337:
tend to align more closely with the longer or Sinaiticus version, which has formed the basis of most English translations in recent times.
3051:
4846:
4728:
3055:
2569:
2222:
3631:
3508:
3280:
2337:
1163:
3578:
3439:
2608:
1258:
alms. Tobit praises God, who has punished his people with exile but will show them mercy and rebuild the Temple if they turn to him.
1235:
before the catastrophe of the Assyrian conquest. The narrative highlights his marriage to Anna, and they have a son named Tobias.
4805:
3477:
3214:
1012:
3593:
2008:
Lutherans and Anglicans used it only for ethical / devotional matters but did not consider it authoritative in matters of faith.
4713:
4708:
3394:
2401:
2195:
4723:
2692:
2652:
2427:
2083:
2055:
2001:
23:
4414:
1491:
2518:
4520:
3697:
993:
3598:
2464:
2308:
4841:
4515:
4376:
2547:
2374:
1303:
4483:
3379:
3364:
3025:
2993:
2972:
2951:
2930:
2907:
2884:
2863:
2842:
2796:
1817:
4601:
4478:
4329:
3907:
1299:
1179:
950:
3588:
1295:
4861:
3810:
3624:
3454:
3109:
2495:
4851:
3583:
1568:, Heda Jason and Gédeon Huet) recognizes the Book of Tobit as containing an early incarnation of the story of
1271:
that God tests his people's faith, hears their prayers, and redeems the covenant community (i.e., the Jews).
4940:
4935:
4925:
4920:
4815:
3409:
4810:
3573:
3345:
2237:
4894:
4324:
3900:
3424:
3207:
1450:) the book of Tobit and other deuterocanonical books were not called Canonical but Ecclesiastical books.
940:
4945:
4498:
1737:
1167:
1097:
4616:
4955:
4950:
4930:
4530:
4509:
4503:
3617:
3485:
1822:
1504:
1408:
1392:
1314:
3103:
4525:
4493:
4488:
4224:
4185:
1570:
1433:
827:
2216:
4831:
4703:
4560:
4421:
4161:
3179:
1243:
has killed her suitors on their wedding nights and she is accused of having caused their deaths.
986:
2773:
Jason, Heda. "Study of Israelite and Jewish Oral and Folk Literature: Problems and Issues". In:
4960:
4915:
4687:
4570:
4555:
4545:
4137:
3557:
3200:
3121:
1642:
1412:
1275:
1239:
Meanwhile, his relative Sarah, living in far-off Ecbatana, also prays for death, for the demon
805:
3013:
2962:
2895:
2573:
4636:
4575:
4565:
4473:
3707:
3523:
2941:
2918:
2874:
2853:
723:
239:
2983:
2329:
4836:
4756:
4468:
4381:
4291:
4057:
3944:
3702:
3662:
3328:
1811:
1545:
1474:
1070:
907:
704:
419:
2615:
1530:
may have disqualified it from canonicity. It is, however, found in the Greek text of the
8:
4778:
4743:
4540:
4219:
4002:
3972:
3815:
3741:
3712:
3260:
1646:
1582:
1440:
1396:
1247:
1232:
1082:
861:
601:
552:
482:
104:
1514:) and the prophets. For unknown reasons it is not included in the Masoretic text of the
1503:
of the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Churches, among other denominations using the
4670:
4585:
4391:
4386:
4348:
4271:
4234:
4214:
4144:
3871:
3820:
3805:
3736:
3717:
3667:
3657:
3552:
3469:
3184:
3147:
3125:
2076:
Shakespeare and the Idea of Apocrypha: Negotiating the Boundaries of the Dramatic Canon
1482:
1418:
979:
887:
856:
194:
139:
4970:
4871:
4680:
4675:
4448:
4358:
4301:
4122:
4112:
3962:
3876:
3780:
3270:
3165:
3021:
2989:
2968:
2947:
2926:
2903:
2880:
2859:
2838:
2792:
2688:
2648:
2491:
2395:
2079:
2051:
1997:
1626:
1478:
1208:
1148:
916:
782:
772:
542:
472:
299:
289:
84:
1534:, from which it was adopted into the Christian canon by the end of the 4th century.
1453:
Protestant traditions place the book of Tobit in an intertestamental section called
4965:
4856:
4751:
4733:
4665:
4653:
4611:
4550:
4535:
4426:
4314:
4107:
4052:
4032:
4012:
3785:
3677:
3672:
3640:
3134:
2187:
1527:
1519:
1400:
1388:
1353:
1101:
1054:
1027:
1006:
930:
767:
699:
650:
611:
567:
358:
284:
215:
2423:
1574:, albeit with an angel as the hero's helper, instead of the spirit of a dead man.
4648:
4626:
4580:
4127:
4087:
4062:
3992:
3967:
3952:
3142:
3058:
2276:
2199:
1877:
1429:
1404:
1384:
1224:
787:
747:
709:
675:
591:
547:
532:
304:
264:
225:
170:
94:
64:
523:
4884:
4866:
4800:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4409:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4180:
4156:
4117:
4067:
4047:
4017:
3997:
3982:
3977:
3957:
3923:
3841:
3836:
3775:
3155:
3065:
2512:
2397:
Eccumenical Council of Florence and Council of Basel Session 11—4 February 1442
2226:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1041–1042.
1843:
1561:
1369:
1356:). Some manuscripts of the Greek version place them after the wisdom writings.
1349:
1345:
1132:
1108:
1093:
1078:
852:
847:
842:
822:
777:
714:
694:
616:
596:
581:
576:
537:
462:
439:
294:
205:
180:
160:
150:
74:
1294:, and reverence for the dead. Tobit is also made reference to in chapter 5 of
4909:
4631:
4440:
4309:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4072:
4042:
3940:
2458:
2304:
2211:
1557:
1523:
1470:
925:
762:
757:
752:
732:
685:
660:
506:
399:
382:
279:
274:
269:
249:
3069:
2541:
2424:"Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III"
2370:
1465:
weddings, with "the book of Tobit as the basis for the wedding sermon." The
1182:, forming three major narrative sections framed by a prologue and epilogue:
1061:). It tells the story of two Israelite families, that of the blind Tobit in
4889:
4789:
4718:
4620:
4082:
4077:
4037:
4007:
3987:
3935:
3881:
3102:
1587:
1515:
1466:
1373:
1283:
1279:
1251:
969:
742:
737:
655:
631:
606:
586:
429:
409:
259:
254:
31:
2488:
A general survey of the history of the canon of the New Testament Page 570
4772:
4368:
4286:
4281:
4195:
4190:
4022:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3077:
2215:
2023:
1140:
1131:
recognising it as useful for purposes of edification and liturgy, albeit
902:
897:
837:
832:
640:
368:
4606:
3042:
4761:
3728:
1531:
1500:
1458:
1365:
1228:
1116:
1058:
122:
2964:
From Ancient Writings to Sacred Texts: The Old Testament and Apocrypha
4276:
3892:
3800:
1707:
The wedding of Tobias and Sarah: Raphael binds the demon. Jan Steen,
1550:
1518:, although four Aramaic and one Hebrew fragment were found among the
1486:
1454:
1377:
1207:
The prologue tells the reader that this is the story of Tobit of the
1128:
1112:
1074:
892:
2029:
The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services
1549:
in art. Particularly noteworthy in this connection are the works of
4783:
4353:
4340:
4319:
4266:
4261:
3795:
3790:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3609:
3300:
3265:
3170:
3095:
1578:
1240:
1152:
1124:
1120:
1086:
1066:
945:
935:
882:
877:
4795:
4660:
3767:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3295:
3046:
2777:
49, no. 1 (1990): 88. Accessed May 18, 2021. doi:10.2307/1177950.
2358:
A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament
1892:
1650:
1565:
1496:
1341:
1220:
1216:
1144:
1105:
1062:
322:
3192:
4766:
4643:
4027:
3305:
3252:
2664:
2334:
The Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who assembled at Carthage
1334:
1319:
1212:
645:
348:
3927:
3649:
2645:
Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance
2305:"Tertullian : Decretum Gelasianum (English translation)"
1896:
1865:
1847:
1511:
1462:
1287:
47:
2831:"Torah, Torah, Torah: The Emergence of the Tripartite Canon"
1994:
Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: Agreements and Differences
1432:(AD 405) affirmed Tobit as part of the Old Testament Canon.
1151:
and it mentions the Persian demon "aeshma daeva", rendered "
1085:
he arrives in Ecbatana, where he meets Sarah. A demon named
1291:
1036:
2287:
2285:
2279:(1966), "Introduction to Tobit, Judith and Esther", p. 601
2735:
2733:
2731:
2706:
2704:
1914:
1143:
origin seems logical given that the story takes place in
1042:
16:
Deuterocanonical (apocryphal) book of Christian scripture
2260:
2258:
2099:
2097:
2095:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1495:, employs verses from Tobit in the Eucharistic liturgy.
2282:
2171:
2169:
2121:
1383:
The Book of Tobit is listed as a canonical book by the
3064:
2728:
2716:
2701:
2133:
2109:
1987:
1985:
1955:
1953:
1951:
2255:
2092:
1965:
1203:(Summarised from Benedikt Otzen, "Tobit and Judith").
2614:. Consultation on Common Texts. 1992. Archived from
2166:
2145:
2050:. Mennonite Brethren Publishing House. p. 136.
1069:. Tobit's son Tobias is sent to retrieve ten silver
1045:
1039:
1033:
1982:
1948:
1625:Tobias heals the blindness of his father Tobit, by
1030:
2490:(6th ed.). Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock.
1461:, the book of Tobit is quoted liturgically during
2597:. Forward Movement Publications. 1981. p. 5.
2572:. Anglicansonline.org. 2007-04-15. Archived from
1796:, William James Smith, After Rembrandt, ca. 1825.
4907:
2041:
2039:
1992:Geisler, Norman L.; MacKenzie, Ralph E. (1995).
1991:
1195:Tobit's song of praise and his death (13:1–14:2)
1756:, stained glass roundel, southern Netherlands,
2791:. University of California Press. p. 52.
2046:Dyck, Cornelius J.; Martin, Dennis D. (1955).
1825:("Tobit and Anna in an Interior" by Rembrandt)
1309:
3908:
3625:
3208:
3061:website in English (also available in Arabic)
2687:. Oxford University Press. pp. 149–151.
2036:
1779:, F. Bartolozzi after G.B. Castiglione, 1651.
1403:(1546), and is part of the canon of both the
987:
3501:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
2815:. University of Chicago Press. 1963. p. 126.
2238:"Torah of Yeshuah: Book of Meqabyan I – III"
2069:
2067:
2018:
2016:
1905:
1189:Situation in Nineveh and Ecbatana (1:3–3:17)
2833:. In Evans, Craig A.; Tov, Emanuel (eds.).
2636:
2078:. Cambridge University Press. p. 207.
2022:
1871:
1856:
3915:
3901:
3632:
3618:
3215:
3201:
2441:
2360:(5th ed. Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 440, 541–2.
2045:
1246:God hears their prayers and the archangel
994:
980:
2510:
2460:On Christian Doctrine Book II Chapter 8:2
2371:"Council of Carthage (A.D. 419) Canon 24"
2064:
2013:
1876:spellings are also attested) itself from
3014:"The Angel Raphael in the Book of Tobit"
2960:
2872:
2851:
2828:
2786:
2710:
2670:
2485:
2291:
2210:
2139:
2115:
2103:
1976:
1313:
1162:
1158:
1111:. Protestant tradition places it in the
1005:
3478:Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid
2722:
2682:
2676:
2642:
2539:
2336:, Christian Classics Ethereal Library,
1996:. Baker Publishing Group. p. 171.
1499:from the Apocrypha are included in the
1274:Readings from the book are used in the
1013:Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid
4908:
3922:
2939:
2916:
2893:
2514:CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 39 (Athanasius)
2264:
2204:
2175:
2127:
2073:
1959:
1645:with Tobit, Tobias, and the archangel
3896:
3613:
3196:
2981:
2739:
2543:Commentary on the Apostles' Creed #38
2521:from the original on 21 November 2016
2151:
1577:The story of Tobit inspired also the
3639:
2755:p. 74. New York Burt Franklin, 1963.
2550:from the original on 11 January 2017
2456:
1814:(painting with Tobias and the Angel)
1492:The Sunday Service of the Methodists
1172:Tobias Saying Good-Bye to his Father
4847:Other books referenced in the Bible
4806:New Testament manuscript categories
3698:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
3527:(Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner,
3509:Landscape with Tobias and the Angel
3368:(Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo,
2181:
1906:
1881:
1359:
13:
4377:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
3004:
2967:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2923:The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha
2921:. In Coogan, Michael David (ed.).
2835:Exploring the Origins of the Bible
2194:, NAB, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
1352:after the historical books (after
1304:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
14:
4982:
3222:
3080:for the University of Nottingham.
3036:
2467:from the original on 16 July 2016
1818:Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)
3440:The Archangel Raphael and Tobias
3279:
3084:
3074:Bibledex: Deuterocanonical Books
2900:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
1794:The Blindness of Tobit: A Sketch
1785:
1768:
1745:
1719:
1699:
1676:
1659:
1634:
1617:
1603:
1593:
1081:. Guided and aided by the angel
1026:
22:
4862:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3811:Additions to the Book of Esther
2940:Miller, Geoffrey David (2011).
2805:
2780:
2767:
2758:
2745:
2609:"The Revised Common Lectionary"
2601:
2587:
2570:"Anglican Articles of Religion"
2562:
2533:
2504:
2479:
2450:
2430:from the original on 2015-03-23
2416:
2404:from the original on 7 May 2019
2388:
2377:from the original on 2016-12-16
2363:
2350:
2340:from the original on 2016-08-26
2322:
2311:from the original on 2017-11-19
2297:
2270:
2244:from the original on 2019-09-23
2230:
2157:
2074:Kirwan, Peter (16 April 2015).
2048:The Mennonite Encyclopedia: A-C
1265:
1231:, and brought offerings to the
3110:New International Encyclopedia
2898:. In Dunn, James D. G. (ed.).
2821:
2685:The Jewish Annotated Apocrypha
2647:. Baker Academic. p. 76.
2643:DeSilva, David Arthur (2002).
2486:Westcott, Brooke Foss (2005).
1920:
1836:
1065:and of the abandoned Sarah in
1:
3882:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
3528:
3513:
3490:
3459:
3444:
3429:
3414:
3410:Three Angels and Young Tobias
3399:
3384:
3369:
2943:Marriage in the Book of Tobit
2829:Dempster, Stephen G. (2008).
1937:
1757:
1731:
1708:
1688:
1444:
1422:
1323:
3458:(Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo,
3045:in Hebrew and English, from
3018:Studies in the Book of Tobit
2873:Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2003).
2852:Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2013).
2330:"Canon XXIV. (Greek xxvii.)"
1942:
1537:
1192:Tobias's journey (4:1–12:22)
1092:The book is included in the
7:
3425:Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece
3094:public domain audiobook at
2925:. Oxford University Press.
2753:Medieval Romance in England
2595:Readings from the Apocrypha
2511:of Alexandria, Athanasius.
1805:
1481:lists it as a book of the "
1411:. Catholics refer to it as
1310:Composition and manuscripts
10:
4987:
4842:English Bible translations
4230:Song of the Three Children
3068:; Talbert, Andrew (2010).
2683:Klawans, Jonathan (2020).
2217:"Tobit, The Book of"
2198:February 27, 2015, at the
2032:. J. Kershaw. p. 136.
1897:
1866:
1848:
1738:National Gallery of London
1670:, Rembrandt and Dou (1630)
4880:
4824:
4742:
4696:
4594:
4439:
4402:
4367:
4338:
4300:
4245:
4152:
4136:
3934:
3829:
3765:
3726:
3647:
3594:American Standard Version
3566:
3545:
3486:Philosopher in Meditation
3356:
3337:
3321:
3314:
3288:
3277:
3239:
3230:
3176:
3162:
3152:
3139:
3131:
3120:
3016:. In Bredin, Mark (ed.).
3012:Barker, Margaret (2006).
2917:Levine, Amy-Jill (2007).
2447:Fitzmyer, at p. 50, 55–57
1904:, itself from the Hebrew
1872:
1857:
1823:Philosopher in Meditation
1505:Revised Common Lectionary
1409:Eastern Orthodox Churches
1393:Council of Carthage (397)
1364:Those books found in the
1227:. He has always kept the
481:
471:
461:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
367:
357:
347:
224:
214:
204:
179:
169:
159:
149:
103:
93:
83:
73:
63:
2982:Otzen, Benedikt (2002).
2961:Nigosian, S. A. (2004).
2787:Thompson, Stith (1977).
1829:
1668:Anna and the Blind Tobit
1073:that Tobit once left in
4704:Intertestamental period
2894:Grabbe, Lester (2003).
2223:Encyclopædia Britannica
1399:(1442) and finally the
4688:Apocalyptic literature
4325:Paralipomena of Baruch
3558:Deuterocanonical books
3104:"Tobit, Book of"
2775:Asian Folklore Studies
2673:, p. unpaginated.
2540:of Aquileia, Rufinus.
1329:
1276:Latin liturgical rites
1175:
1017:
941:Paralipomena of Baruch
4852:Additional Scriptures
4816:New Testament uncials
3708:Apocalypse of Abraham
3599:World English Version
3524:Mary, Untier of Knots
3349:(Jonathan Dove, 1999)
2946:. Walter de Gruyter.
2879:. Walter de Gruyter.
2858:. Walter de Gruyter.
2457:of Hippo, Augustine.
1777:Tobit buries the dead
1322:manuscript of Tobit,
1317:
1166:
1159:Structure and summary
1009:
4941:Ancient Hebrew texts
4936:Mesopotamian Hebrews
4926:2nd-century BC books
4921:3rd-century BC books
4837:Bible version debate
4811:New Testament papyri
4757:Samaritan Pentateuch
4382:Testament of Abraham
4320:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3703:Testament of Abraham
3663:Life of Adam and Eve
3455:Tobias and the Angel
3395:Tobias and the Angel
3380:Tobias and the Angel
3365:Tobias and the Angel
3346:Tobias and the Angel
3329:Tobias and the Angel
3056:St. Takla Haymanot's
1812:Mary Untier of Knots
1685:Tobias and the Angel
1653:O. (14th century AD)
1546:Tobias and the Angel
1475:Thirty-Nine Articles
1298:, a book considered
936:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
4779:Muratorian fragment
4714:New Testament canon
4709:Old Testament canon
4602:Chapters and verses
4220:Additions to Daniel
4186:Additions to Esther
3816:Additions to Daniel
3742:Ascension of Isaiah
3713:Assumption of Moses
3315:Portrayals in media
2813:Folktales of Israel
1754:Tobit comforts Anna
1730:, Abraham De Pape,
1687:, Filippino Lippi,
1583:Il ritorno di Tobia
1441:Rufinus of Aquileia
1397:Council of Florence
1233:Temple in Jerusalem
862:Additions to Daniel
828:Additions to Esther
4392:Testament of Jacob
4387:Testament of Isaac
4272:Prayer of Manasseh
4235:Bel and the Dragon
4215:Letter of Jeremiah
3872:Letter of Aristeas
3821:Prayer of Manasseh
3737:Letter of Jeremiah
3718:Joseph and Aseneth
3668:Testament of Qahat
3658:Genesis Apocryphon
3589:King James Version
3579:Vulgata Clementina
3553:Biblical apocrypha
3428:(Pietro Perugino,
3413:(Filippino Lippi,
3398:(Filippino Lippi,
3185:Books of the Bible
3148:Books of the Bible
2837:. Baker Academic.
2751:Laura A. Hibbard,
1926:Also known as the
1497:Scripture readings
1395:and (AD 419), the
1330:
1198:Epilogue (14:3–15)
1176:
1018:
888:Prayer of Manasseh
857:Letter of Jeremiah
4946:Wisdom literature
4903:
4902:
4872:Textual criticism
4435:
4434:
4359:Psalms of Solomon
4302:Orthodox Tewahedo
3890:
3889:
3877:Sibylline Oracles
3781:Psalms of Solomon
3648:Apocrypha in the
3607:
3606:
3541:
3540:
3504:(Rembrandt, 1637)
3481:(Rembrandt, 1626)
3271:Tribe of Naphtali
3191:
3190:
3182:
3153:Succeeded by
3145:
3020:. A&C Black.
2988:. A&C Black.
2694:978-0-19-026248-8
2654:978-0-8010-2319-4
2085:978-1-316-30053-4
2057:978-0-8361-1119-4
2003:978-0-8010-3875-4
1627:Domingos Sequeira
1571:The Grateful Dead
1489:liturgical book,
1479:Church of England
1368:, but not in the
1209:tribe of Naphtali
1104:, but not in the
1055:apocryphal Jewish
1004:
1003:
964:
963:
958:
957:
917:Orthodox Tewahedo
843:Wisdom of Solomon
795:
794:
501:
500:
495:
494:
491:
490:
448:
447:
377:
376:
313:
312:
234:
233:
189:
188:
113:
112:
4978:
4956:Historical books
4951:Jewish apocrypha
4931:Texts in Aramaic
4752:Dead Sea Scrolls
4734:Dating the Bible
4612:Historical books
4249:Eastern Orthodox
4162:Eastern Orthodox
4150:
4149:
4143:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3786:Testament of Job
3678:Book of Jubilees
3673:Visions of Amram
3641:Jewish apocrypha
3634:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3584:Wycliffe Version
3533:
3530:
3518:
3515:
3512:(Salvator Rosa,
3495:
3492:
3473:(Joos de Momper)
3464:
3461:
3449:
3448: 1512–1514
3446:
3434:
3433: 1496–1500
3431:
3419:
3416:
3404:
3403: 1475–1480
3401:
3389:
3388: 1470–1475
3386:
3374:
3373: 1465–1470
3371:
3319:
3318:
3283:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3180:Eastern Orthodox
3178:
3163:Preceded by
3141:
3132:Preceded by
3118:
3117:
3114:
3106:
3098:Various versions
3088:
3087:
3081:
3031:
2999:
2985:Tobit and Judith
2978:
2957:
2936:
2913:
2890:
2869:
2848:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2742:, p. 65-66.
2737:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2356:B. F. Westcott,
2354:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2208:
2202:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2130:, p. 12-15.
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1789:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1749:
1736:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1693:
1692: 1472–1482
1690:
1680:
1663:
1638:
1621:
1607:
1520:Dead Sea Scrolls
1449:
1446:
1427:
1424:
1413:deuterocanonical
1401:Council of Trent
1389:Council of Hippo
1360:Canonical status
1328:
1325:
1211:, deported from
1186:Prologue (1:1–2)
1178:The book has 14
1102:Dead Sea Scrolls
1098:Eastern Orthodox
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
996:
989:
982:
812:
811:
808:
806:Deuterocanonical
682:
681:
678:
634:
570:
526:
517:
516:
511:
459:
458:
396:
395:
389:
345:
344:
336:
335:
331:
327:
202:
201:
147:
146:
136:
135:
131:
127:
61:
60:
56:
52:
42:
41:
36:
26:
19:
18:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4876:
4820:
4738:
4729:Christian canon
4692:
4627:Prophetic books
4590:
4521:2 Thessalonians
4516:1 Thessalonians
4431:
4398:
4363:
4334:
4296:
4255:
4241:
4169:
4141:
4140:
4132:
3943:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3891:
3886:
3830:Other apocrypha
3825:
3761:
3722:
3643:
3638:
3608:
3603:
3562:
3537:
3531:
3516:
3493:
3470:Tobias' Journey
3462:
3447:
3432:
3417:
3402:
3387:
3372:
3352:
3333:
3310:
3284:
3275:
3235:
3226:
3221:
3183:
3174:
3168:
3158:
3146:
3137:
3101:
3085:
3066:Milbank, Alison
3059:Coptic Orthodox
3039:
3034:
3028:
3011:
3007:
3005:Further reading
3002:
2996:
2975:
2954:
2933:
2910:
2887:
2866:
2845:
2824:
2819:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2641:
2637:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2277:Jerusalem Bible
2275:
2271:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2209:
2205:
2200:Wayback Machine
2186:
2182:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2044:
2037:
2021:
2014:
2004:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1966:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1895:from the Greek
1841:
1837:
1832:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1596:
1560:(for instance,
1556:Scholarship on
1540:
1447:
1430:Pope Innocent I
1425:
1405:Catholic Church
1385:Council of Rome
1372:are called the
1362:
1326:
1312:
1268:
1262:righteousness.
1161:
1100:canons and the
1029:
1025:
1000:
960:
959:
809:
804:
797:
796:
679:
674:
667:
666:
665:
635:
630:
623:
622:
621:
571:
566:
559:
558:
557:
527:
522:
509:
497:
496:
387:
333:
329:
323:
315:
314:
309:
133:
129:
123:
115:
114:
58:
54:
48:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4867:Synod of Hippo
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Masoretic Text
4798:
4793:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4637:Minor prophets
4634:
4632:Major prophets
4624:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4410:Pseudepigrapha
4406:
4404:
4403:Classification
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Psalms 152–155
4345:
4343:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:1–2 Chronicles
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3932:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3842:Book of Judith
3839:
3837:Book of Sirach
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Psalms 152–155
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Book of Wisdom
3772:
3770:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3520:
3505:
3497:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3451:
3436:
3421:
3406:
3391:
3376:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3175:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3099:
3082:
3062:
3049:
3038:
3037:External links
3035:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2979:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2914:
2908:
2891:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2804:
2797:
2779:
2766:
2757:
2744:
2727:
2725:, p. 150.
2715:
2700:
2693:
2675:
2663:
2653:
2635:
2621:on 1 July 2015
2600:
2586:
2561:
2532:
2503:
2496:
2478:
2449:
2440:
2415:
2387:
2362:
2349:
2321:
2296:
2294:, p. 197.
2281:
2269:
2267:, p. 736.
2254:
2229:
2214:, ed. (1911).
2212:Chisholm, Hugh
2203:
2188:"Introduction"
2180:
2165:
2156:
2154:, p. 4-7.
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2091:
2084:
2063:
2056:
2035:
2012:
2002:
1981:
1964:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:Book of Tobias
1919:
1889:Book of Tobias
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1728:Tobit and Anna
1726:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1562:Stith Thompson
1539:
1536:
1391:(AD 393), the
1387:(AD 382), the
1370:Masoretic text
1361:
1358:
1344:places Tobit,
1311:
1308:
1267:
1264:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1160:
1157:
1109:Masoretic text
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
991:
984:
976:
973:
972:
966:
965:
962:
961:
956:
955:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
920:
919:
913:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
864:
859:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
810:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
727:
726:
724:Minor prophets
720:
719:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
689:
688:
686:Major prophets
680:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
636:
629:
628:
625:
624:
620:
619:
614:
609:
604:
602:1–2 Chronicles
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
573:
572:
565:
564:
561:
560:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
529:
528:
521:
520:
513:
512:
510:(Christianity)
503:
502:
499:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
487:Divre Hayyamim
485:
479:
478:
475:
469:
468:
465:
455:
454:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
432:
426:
425:
422:
416:
415:
412:
406:
405:
402:
392:
391:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
351:
341:
340:
334:
321:
320:
317:
316:
311:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
243:
242:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
218:
212:
211:
208:
198:
197:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
163:
157:
156:
153:
143:
142:
134:
121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
87:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
59:
46:
45:
38:
37:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4983:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4961:Assyrian Jews
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Book of Tobit
4914:
4913:
4911:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4484:2 Corinthians
4482:
4480:
4479:1 Corinthians
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4441:New Testament
4438:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:New Testament
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4330:Broader canon
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Song of Songs
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3941:Old Testament
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Book of Tobit
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3766:Apocrypha in
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3727:Apocrypha in
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3383:(Verrocchio,
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3233:Book of Tobit
3229:
3225:
3224:Book of Tobit
3218:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3172:
3167:
3166:Ezra–Nehemiah
3161:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3052:Book of Tobit
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:Book of Tobit
3041:
3040:
3029:
3027:9780567082299
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2995:9780826460530
2991:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2974:9780801879883
2970:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2953:9783110247862
2949:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2932:9780195288803
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2909:9780802837110
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2886:9783110175745
2882:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2865:9783110907032
2861:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2844:9781585588145
2840:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2808:
2800:
2798:0-520-03537-2
2794:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2761:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2713:, p. 55.
2712:
2711:Fitzmyer 2003
2707:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2671:Dempster 2008
2667:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2617:
2610:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2576:on 2007-07-01
2575:
2571:
2565:
2549:
2546:. newadvent.
2545:
2544:
2536:
2520:
2517:. newadvent.
2516:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2466:
2463:. newadvent.
2462:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2292:Nigosian 2004
2288:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2178:, p. 12.
2177:
2172:
2170:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2142:, p. 58.
2141:
2140:Fitzmyer 2013
2136:
2129:
2124:
2118:, p. 51.
2117:
2116:Fitzmyer 2003
2112:
2106:, p. 31.
2105:
2104:Fitzmyer 2003
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1979:, p. 31.
1978:
1977:Fitzmyer 2013
1973:
1971:
1969:
1962:, p. 11.
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1702:
1697:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1594:Image gallery
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:folkloristics
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1485:". The first
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448: AD 400
1442:
1439:According to
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426: AD 397
1420:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:laws of Moses
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1133:non-canonical
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1023:
1022:Book of Tobit
1015:
1014:
1008:
997:
992:
990:
985:
983:
978:
977:
975:
974:
971:
968:
967:
952:
951:Broader canon
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
921:
918:
915:
914:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
873:
870:Orthodox only
869:
868:
863:
860:
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
813:
807:
801:
800:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
728:
725:
722:
721:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
690:
687:
684:
683:
677:
671:
670:
662:
661:Song of Songs
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
633:
627:
626:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
569:
563:
562:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
525:
519:
518:
515:
514:
508:
507:Old Testament
505:
504:
486:
484:
480:
476:
474:
473:Ezra–Nehemiah
470:
466:
464:
460:
457:
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4719:Antilegomena
4621:Poetic Books
4617:Wisdom books
4595:Subdivisions
4508:
4213: /
4175:
4138:Deuterocanon
4058:Lamentations
4038:Ecclesiastes
3945:(protocanon)
3936:Hebrew Bible
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3489:(Rembrandt,
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3122:Deuterocanon
3108:
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2902:. Eerdmans.
2899:
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2789:The Folktale
2788:
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2723:Klawans 2020
2718:
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2616:the original
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2574:the original
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2232:
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2163:Tobit 2:7-10
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1643:Illumination
1588:Joseph Haydn
1581:
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1516:Hebrew Bible
1509:
1501:lectionaries
1490:
1467:Luther Bible
1452:
1438:
1417:
1382:
1374:deuterocanon
1363:
1339:
1331:
1318:Leaf from a
1284:filial piety
1280:intercession
1273:
1269:
1266:Significance
1260:
1256:
1245:
1237:
1206:
1202:
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1177:
1171:
1141:Mesopotamian
1137:
1135:in status.
1091:
1077:, a town in
1021:
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970:Bible portal
855: /
817:
705:Lamentations
656:Ecclesiastes
430:Ecclesiastes
420:Lamentations
384:
324:
124:
49:
32:Hebrew Bible
4895:WikiProject
4773:Diatessaron
4744:Manuscripts
4697:Development
4499:Philippians
4369:Beta Israel
4287:4 Maccabees
4282:3 Maccabees
4196:2 Maccabees
4191:1 Maccabees
3973:Deuteronomy
3867:4 Maccabees
3862:3 Maccabees
3857:2 Maccabees
3852:1 Maccabees
3532: 1700
3517: 1662
3494: 1632
3463: 1527
3418: 1485
3143:R. Catholic
3078:Brady Haran
2822:Works cited
2265:Grabbe 2003
2176:Levine 2007
2128:Miller 2011
2024:John Wesley
1960:Levine 2007
1887:"my good";
1761: 1500
1735: 1658
1712: 1660
1327: 1240
1282:of angels,
1117:Anabaptists
1010:Rembrandt:
903:4 Maccabees
898:3 Maccabees
838:2 Maccabees
833:1 Maccabees
553:Deuteronomy
105:Deuteronomy
4910:Categories
4832:Authorship
4762:Septuagint
4607:Pentateuch
4586:Revelation
4510:Laodiceans
4504:Colossians
3993:1–2 Samuel
3574:Septuagint
2811:Noy, Dov.
2740:Otzen 2002
2580:2014-03-11
2554:12 October
2525:14 October
2497:1597522392
2471:12 October
2434:2016-10-20
2408:20 October
2381:2016-10-19
2344:2016-10-19
2315:2016-10-19
2248:2019-11-10
2152:Otzen 2002
1938:References
1586:(1775) by
1532:Septuagint
1459:Anabaptism
1434:Athanasius
1366:Septuagint
1296:1 Meqabyan
1292:almsgiving
1168:Bouguereau
1129:Methodists
1059:Israelites
592:1–2 Samuel
568:Historical
524:Pentateuch
483:Chronicles
453:Historical
330:(Writings)
130:(Prophets)
4671:Johannine
4531:2 Timothy
4526:1 Timothy
4494:Ephesians
4489:Galatians
4277:Psalm 151
4145:apocrypha
4123:Zechariah
4113:Zephaniah
3998:1–2 Kings
3963:Leviticus
3801:Psalm 151
3443:(Titian,
3126:Apocrypha
2625:19 August
1943:Citations
1842:From the
1551:Rembrandt
1538:Influence
1487:Methodist
1483:Apocrypha
1455:Apocrypha
1419:Augustine
1378:apocrypha
1300:canonical
1225:Assyrians
1125:Anglicans
1121:Lutherans
1113:Apocrypha
893:Psalm 151
783:Zechariah
773:Zephaniah
676:Prophetic
597:1–2 Kings
543:Leviticus
388:(Scrolls)
300:Zechariah
290:Zephaniah
230:Yekhezqel
220:Yirmeyahu
210:Yeshayahu
85:Leviticus
35:(Judaism)
4971:Ecbatana
4885:Category
4784:Peshitta
4681:Catholic
4676:Pastoral
4661:Epistles
4654:Synoptic
4541:Philemon
4354:2 Baruch
4341:Peshitta
4315:Jubilees
4267:2 Esdras
4262:1 Esdras
4157:Catholic
4108:Habakkuk
4053:Jeremiah
4033:Proverbs
4013:Nehemiah
3796:2 Esdras
3791:1 Esdras
3757:3 Baruch
3752:2 Baruch
3747:1 Baruch
3357:Painting
3301:Ecbatana
3266:Asmodeus
3171:2 Esdras
3135:Nehemiah
3096:LibriVox
2548:Archived
2519:Archived
2465:Archived
2428:Archived
2402:Archived
2400:. ewtn.
2375:Archived
2338:archived
2309:Archived
2242:Archived
2196:Archived
2026:(1825).
1917:is good"
1806:See also
1579:oratorio
1528:Jubilees
1354:Nehemiah
1241:Asmodeus
1180:chapters
1153:Asmodeus
1094:Catholic
1087:Asmodeus
1067:Ecbatana
1053:) is an
946:Josippon
931:Jubilees
883:2 Esdras
878:1 Esdras
768:Habakkuk
700:Jeremiah
651:Proverbs
612:Nehemiah
467:Daniyyel
385:Megillot
359:Proverbs
353:Tehillim
285:Habakkuk
216:Jeremiah
185:Melakhim
165:Shofetim
155:Yehoshua
99:Bemidbar
69:Bereshit
4966:Nineveh
4857:Studies
4825:Related
4796:Vulgate
4666:Pauline
4644:Gospels
4561:2 Peter
4556:1 Peter
4546:Hebrews
4449:Matthew
4339:Syriac
4225:Susanna
4128:Malachi
4088:Obadiah
4063:Ezekiel
3968:Numbers
3953:Genesis
3926:of the
3768:Ketuvim
3729:Nevi'im
3693:3 Enoch
3688:2 Enoch
3683:1 Enoch
3567:Sources
3546:Related
3296:Nineveh
3261:Raphael
3113:. 1905.
3070:"Tobit"
3047:Sefaria
2919:"Tobit"
2896:"Tobit"
1893:Vulgate
1891:in the
1651:initial
1647:Raphael
1566:Dov Noy
1524:1 Enoch
1477:of the
1342:Vulgate
1302:in the
1288:tithing
1248:Raphael
1223:by the
1221:Nineveh
1217:Galilee
1145:Assyria
1115:, with
1083:Raphael
1071:talents
1063:Nineveh
788:Malachi
748:Obadiah
710:Ezekiel
548:Numbers
533:Genesis
434:Qohelet
363:Mishlei
325:Ketuvim
305:Malachi
265:Obadiah
226:Ezekiel
175:Shemuel
125:Nevi'im
109:Devarim
95:Numbers
89:Wayiqra
65:Genesis
4890:Portal
4767:Targum
4576:3 John
4571:2 John
4566:1 John
4474:Romans
4427:Jewish
4252:Others
4211:Baruch
4206:Sirach
4201:Wisdom
4181:Judith
4166:Others
4118:Haggai
4068:Daniel
4048:Isaiah
4028:Psalms
4018:Esther
3983:Judges
3978:Joshua
3958:Exodus
3322:Themes
3306:Tishbe
3289:Places
3253:Tobias
3240:People
3156:Judith
3024:
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1902:Tōbias
1898:Τωβίας
1878:Hebrew
1873:Τωβείτ
1867:Τωβείθ
1853:Tōbith
1649:in an
1471:Luther
1428:) and
1350:Esther
1346:Judith
1335:Qumran
1320:vellum
1252:Tigris
1213:Tishbe
1174:(1860)
1149:Persia
1106:Jewish
1075:Rhages
1016:(1626)
853:Baruch
848:Sirach
823:Judith
778:Haggai
715:Daniel
695:Isaiah
646:Psalms
632:Wisdom
617:Esther
582:Judges
577:Joshua
538:Exodus
463:Daniel
440:Esther
424:Eikhah
349:Psalms
339:Poetic
328:
295:Haggai
240:Minor
206:Isaiah
195:Latter
171:Samuel
161:Judges
151:Joshua
140:Former
128:
79:Shemot
75:Exodus
53:
4551:James
4536:Titus
4310:Enoch
4176:Tobit
4103:Nahum
4098:Micah
4093:Jonah
4073:Hosea
3928:Bible
3924:Books
3650:Torah
3338:Music
3257:Sarah
3246:Tobit
3091:Tobit
3054:from
2876:Tobit
2855:Tobit
2619:(PDF)
2612:(PDF)
2192:Tobit
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1862:Tōbit
1858:Τωβίτ
1849:Τωβίθ
1844:Greek
1830:Notes
1512:torah
1463:Amish
1457:. In
1079:Media
926:Enoch
818:Tobit
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758:Micah
753:Jonah
733:Hosea
444:Ester
383:Five
280:Nahum
275:Micah
270:Jonah
250:Hosea
181:Kings
50:Torah
4649:List
4581:Jude
4469:Acts
4464:John
4459:Luke
4454:Mark
4415:list
4292:Odes
4083:Amos
4078:Joel
4008:Ezra
3988:Ruth
3249:Anna
3022:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2969:ISBN
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2927:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2881:ISBN
2860:ISBN
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