Codex Alexandrinus

889: 62: 3112:. The codex was carried from Constantinople to Alexandria between 1308 and 1316, together with two manuscripts of Chrysostom. It remained in Alexandria until 1621, when Cyril removed it to Constantinople. Whether it was originally written in Constantinople or in Alexandria, is another question. Skeat did not try to give the answer on this question ("if any future scholar wishes to claim a Constantinopolitan origin for the Codex Alexandrinus, it is at least open to him to do so"). This view was supported by McKendrick, who proposes an Ephesian provenance for the codex. 516: 346: 3251: 806: 3346: 3424: 2646: 3370:

Latin version. Michaelis countered that the transcriber who lived in Egypt would not have altered the Greek text from a Latin version, because Egypt belonged to the Greek diocese, and Latin was not understood there. Woide, who defended the Greek manuscripts in general, and the Codex Alexandrinus in particular, from the charge of having been corrupted from the Latin, discerned two hands in the New Testament.

3167:, which was once read in Churches recalls to a period when the canon of Scripture was in some particulars not quite settled. It is certain that the writing of the manuscript appears to be somewhat more advanced than that of the Vaticanus or Sinaiticus, especially in the enlargement of initial letters. It is also more decorated, though its ornamentations are already found in earlier manuscripts. 3184: 3333:(4:1) and πραόθητος for πραότητος (4:2). These errors were corrected in 1860 by B. H. Cowper, and E. H. Hansell, with three other manuscripts, in 1860. The Old Testament portion was also published in three folio volumes by Baber in 1816–1828. In 1879 and 1880, the entire codex was issued in photographic facsimile by the British Museum, under the supervision of 3075:. On this supposition "Athanasius the humble" might have been "some person of Cyril's staff who had charge of his library". According to Burkitt's view the codex was found on Athos, but it was written in Constantinople, because it represents a Constantinopolitan text (now known as the Byzantine text). This hypothesis was supported by 3090:, inserted by the Patriarch Athanasius III. The two notes must have been written between 1308 and 1316. Although the note in the Codex Alexandrinus is entirely in Arabic, and therefore no identity of hand with the Greek notes can be expected, the similarity of wording leaves no doubt that this is also the work of Athanasius III. 535:. At the end of a line, these letters are often very small, and much of the writing is very pale and faint. Punctuation is more frequent, usually on a level with the top of the preceding letter, while a vacant space, proportionate to the break in the sense, follows the end of a paragraph. At the end of each book the 3369:

was the place of its origin, not Alexandria. Michaelis also did not esteem it highly, either on account of its internal excellence or the value of its readings. The principal charge which has been produced against the manuscript, and which had been urged by Wettstein, was it had been altered from the

3139:

made another suggestion, the New Testament volume has long been mutilated, and begins now in the twenty-fifth chapter of Matthew, in which chapter the lesson for Thecla's Day stands. "We cannot be sure how the story arose. It may be that the manuscript was written in a monastery dedicated to Thecla."

944:

in rest of the books of the New Testament according to his manuscript text classification system. Category III manuscripts are described as having "a small but not a negligible proportion of early readings, with a considerable encroachment of readings, and significant readings from other sources as

377:

above). In modern times it was rebound into sets of six leaves each. The pages are often discoloured at the edges, which have been damaged by age and more so through the ignorance or carelessness of the modern binder, who has not always spared the text, especially at the upper inner margin. Scrivener

3100:

for three reasons: 1) after the New Testament it contains the two Epistles of Clement; 2) it represents an eclectic text in the New Testament (Antiochian in the Gospels and Alexandrian in the Acts and Epistles), suggesting some place where the influence of Antioch and of Alexandria met; 3) the text

3319:

was the original reading, and that the stroke, which in some lights can be seen across part of the Ο, arose from the middle-stroke part of a letter Ε being visible through the vellum. Wettstein's assertion was also disputed by F.H. Scrivener, who found that "Ε cut the Ο indeed . . . but cut it too

368:

format (parchment leaves placed on top of each other, folded in half vertically, and then folded in half again horizontally, to make a single block, then stitched together with others to create a book) in four volumes (279 + 238 + 118 + 144 folios). Most of the folios were originally gathered into

3384:

Tregelles explained the origin of the Arabic inscription, on which Cyril's statement appears to rest, by remarking that the text of the New Testament in the manuscript begins with Matthew 25:6, this lesson (Matthew 25:1–13) being that appointed by the Greek Church for the festival of St. Thecla.

3085:

opposed Burkit's view, and argued Cyril firmly believed in the Egyptian origin of the codex. In 1938 A. S. Fulton, the Keeper of the Department of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts in the British Museum, re-examined the Athanasius note, and based on palaeographical grounds his opinion was it

666:

and the majority of minuscule manuscripts. Kenyon observed that Codex Alexandrinus had been "extensively corrected, though much more in some books than in others". In the Pentateuch, whole sentences were erased and a new text substituted. Kings was the least corrected of the books. In the Book of

3376:

agreed with Woide and expanded on Michaelis' point of view. If this manuscript has been corrupted from a version, it is more reasonable to suspect the Coptic, the version of the country in which it was written. Between this manuscript and both the Coptic and Syriac versions there is a remarkable

3055:

as its place of origin, which has been the traditional view and is the most probable hypothesis. This popular view is based on an Arabic note on folio 1 (from the 13th or 14th century), which reads: "Bound to the Patriarchal Cell in the Fortress of Alexandria. Whoever removes it thence shall be

907:

and manuscript families is still disputed, and as such the Greek text of the codex is considered to be of mixed text-types. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the

397:, with between 49 and 51 lines per column, and 20 to 25 letters per line. The beginning lines of each book are written in red ink, and sections within the book are marked by a larger letter set into the margin. The text is written continuously, with no division of words (known as 422:

The only decorations in the codex are tail-pieces at the end of each book (see illustration), and it also shows a tendency to increase the size of the first letter of each sentence. The larger letters at the beginning of the sections stand out in the margin as in codices

3320:

high to have been reasonably mistaken by a careful observer for the diameter of Θ." Tregelles however agrees with Wettstein's reading of the codex, and states "as the result of repeated examinations, we can say distinctly that Woide was wrong, and Wetstein was right."

3202:(a patriarch of Alexandria first, then later a patriarch of Constantinople). Lucaris was involved in a complex struggle with the Turkish government, the Catholic Church, and his own subordinates. He was supported by the English government, and presented the codex to 3377:

coincidence. According to Griesbach the manuscript follows three different editions: the Byzantine in the Gospels, the Western in the Acts and General epistles, and the Alexandrian in the Pauline epistles. Griesbach designated the codex by letter

3086:

could be dated to the 13th or 14th century, and the 17th century was excluded. In 1945 T. D. Moschonas published a catalogue of the library of the Patriarch of Alexandria, in which he printed two Greek notes, both from 10th-century manuscripts of

3066:

questioned this popular view. According to Burkitt, the note reads: "Bound to the Patriarchal Cell in the Fortress of Alexandria. He that lets it go out shall be cursed and ruined. The humble Athanasius wrote (this)." The codex had been found on

378:

noted that "The vellum has fallen into holes in many places, and since the ink peels off for every age whensoever a leaf is touched a little roughly, no one is allowed to handle the manuscript except for good reasons." Three volumes contain the

61: 801:

books (books written which have been attributed to certain famous people mentioned in the Bible, but likely of unknown authorship), but it has been torn off and the pages containing these books have also been lost.

3029:

asserted in regard to the lost two leaves (John 6:50–8:52), "For by counting the lines we can prove that it was not in the book. There was not room for it". A similar counting involving missing leaves is done with

3170:

Codex Alexandrinus was written a generation after codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, but it may still belong to the fourth century. It cannot be later than the beginning of the fifth. It is currently dated by the

3406:(1730) that Codex A is the oldest and the best manuscript of the New Testament, and should be the basis in every reconstruction of the New Testament text. Codex Alexandrinus became a basis for criticizing the 945:

yet unidentified"; Category I manuscripts are depicted as featuring "a very high proportion of the early text, presumably the original text, which has not been preserved in its purity in any one manuscript."

581:) stand at the top of the pages. The places at which sections start are indicated throughout the Gospels, and in Luke and John their numbers are placed in the margin of each column. To all the Gospels (except 295:

Bible (a multi-language version of the Bible with the different languages placed in parallel columns) of 1657. This designation was maintained when the New Testament manuscript list system was standardized by

3393:

It was the first manuscript of great importance and antiquity of which any extensive use was made by textual critics, but the value of the codex was differently appreciated by different writers in the past.

674:

Each leaf has Arabic numeration, set in the verso of the lower margin. The first surviving leaf of Matthew has number 26. The 25 leaves now lost must have been extant when that note was written.

3131:

According to an Arabic note on the reverse of the first volume of the manuscript, the manuscript was written by the hand of Thecla, the martyr, a notable lady of Egypt, a little later than the

3140:

Tregelles thought that Thecla's name might have on this account been written in the margin above, which has been cut off, and that therefore the Egyptians imagined that Thecla had written it.

3123:), although this may well be "merely an inaccurate attempt at deciphering the Arabic note by Athanasius" (possibly the patriarch Athanasius III). The authority for this statement is unknown. 630:

Many corrections have been made to the manuscript, some of them by the original scribe, but the majority of them by later hands. The corrected form of the text agrees with codices

364:

folios (specific name for pages in a codex: 630 in the Old Testament and 143 in the New Testament) measuring 12.6 × 10.4 inches (32 × 26 cm), bound in

3470:

in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity. This Bible contained both the

382:(the Greek version of the Old Testament, also known as the LXX), with ten leaves lost. The fourth volume contains the New Testament with 31 leaves lost. In the fourth volume, 3357:

According to Bentley the codex is "the oldest and best in the world". Bentley assumed that by supplementing this manuscript with readings from other manuscripts and from the

3071:, and might have been taken to Egypt by Cyril in 1616, and so all the Arabic writing in the codex could have been inserted between that date and 1621, when Cyril was elected 4010: 3287:

in 1786, in facsimile from wooden type, line for line, without spaces between the words, exactly mimicking the original. For the text in 1 Tim 3:16, the facsimile has

415:(this being a new verse/phrase starting on a new line). The Old Testament quotations in the text of New Testament are marked in the margin by the sign 〉(known as a 3337:. Frederic G. Kenyon edited a photographic facsimile of the New Testament with reduced size in 1909. The text of the Old Testament followed four parts in 1915. 437:

errors occur in the text: αὶ is exchanged for ε, εὶ for ὶ and η for ὶ. This is, however, no more than seen in other manuscripts of the same date. The letters

932:

readings. As the text in the codex is believed to have come from several different traditions, different parts of the codex are not of equal textual value.

619:

and Milne argued there were only two or possibly three scribes. 20th-21st century scholars agreed in that case (such as biblical scholar and textual critic

321:

described it as the best manuscript of the Greek Bible deposited in Britain. Today, it rests along with Codex Sinaiticus in one of the showcases in the Sir

908:

conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names:

608:

appears occasionally as a separation in the Book of Acts. A larger letter in the margin throughout the New Testament marks the beginning of a paragraph.

3365:. Wettstein highly esteemed the codex in 1730, but changed his opinion in 1751 and was no longer a great admirer of it. He came to the conviction that 977:(who is believed to have created a critical recension of both the Old and New Testaments), but a small proportion of the readings seem to be earlier. 460:

The handwriting of the text from the beginning of Luke to 1 Corinthians 10:8 differs from that of the rest parts of the manuscript. Some letters have

5038: 615:'s opinion there were five scribes, two scribes in the Old Testament (I and II) and three in the New (III, IV, and V). Subsequently, textual critics 4595:

McKendrick, Scot (2003). "The Codex Alexandrinus, or The Dangers of Being A Named Manuscript". In McKendrick, Scot; O'Sullivan, Orlaith A. (eds.).

3533: 903:

have had a challenging task in classifying the text of the codex, specifically when it comes to the New Testament; the exact relationship to other

3505: 5012: 937: 5033: 4979:Über den ursprung der im Codex alexandrinus und vaticanus des dritten Königsbuches der alexandrinischen übersetzung überlieferten textgestalt 941: 504:

7:4; 21:17. In the past the codex had been judged to have been carelessly written, with many errors of transcription, but not so many as in

411:, except a few added by a later hand. The punctuation was written by the first hand. The poetical books of the Old Testament are written 5129: 4851: 3147:

Codex Alexandrinus contains the Epistle of Athanasius on the Psalms to Marcellinus, so it cannot be considered earlier than A.D. 373 (

5114: 5109: 985:

Alexandrinus follows the Alexandrian readings through the rest of the New Testament; however, the text goes from closely resembling

1069:

and in several books of the Old Testament it has the best text of all manuscripts. In the Old Testament its text often agrees with

496:). The letters are more widely spaced and are a little larger than elsewhere. Δ has extended base and Π has extended cross-stroke. 337:. A full photographic reproduction of the New Testament volume (Royal MS 1 D. viii) is available on the British Library's website. 3604:

The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism

158: 4340: 3609: 3072: 3057: 304: 3105:, as the Old Testament quotations in the New Testament portion more often agree with Alexandrinus against Vaticanus than not. 726:

summary of the Psalms are inserted before the Book of Psalms (an overview of the Psalms written by the early Christian writer

4123: 3890: 3617: 3021: 3119:

note on a flyleaf (from the binding in a royal library) states the codex was given to a patriarchate of Alexandria in 1098 (

5104: 1655: 667:

Revelation only 1 of its 84 singular readings was corrected, the rest remained uncorrected. This is in stark contrast with

655: 775: 754:– 4 Maccabees (second volume), Psalms – Sirach (third volume). The New Testament (fourth volume) books are in the order: 457:(ng). This may be an argument which points to Egypt as where the codex was produced, but it is not universally accepted. 5023: 4774: 4568: 519:

A vacant space proportionate to the break in the sense follows the end of a paragraph (page with text of Mark 6:27–54)

4608: 4302: 4005: 3941: 3773: 3682: 318: 2825: 2758: 2700: 2546: 2301: 2264: 2163: 2105: 2006: 1620: 4455: 3108:

According to Skeat the note in the codex indicated the codex had not previously been in the Patriarchal Library in

2822: 2755: 2697: 2543: 2261: 2102: 1617: 52: 746:(up to 12:5a; another letter attributed to Clement of Rome). The books of the Old Testament are thus distributed: 5119: 2713: 4853:

Codex Alexandrinus. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum Graece. Ex Antiquissimo Codice Alexandrino a C. G. Woide

4232: 3398:

created a modern system of catalogization of the New Testament manuscripts. Codex Alexandrinus received symbol

635: 428: 611:

The number of scribes who worked on the codex have been disputed. According to biblical and classical scholar

241:(these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). Along with 5124: 3442: 3925:

E. Maunde Thompson, ed., Facsimile of the Codex Alexandrinus (London: British Museum, 1883), 4:4, cited in

3828: 3010: 3000: 2966: 2947: 2902: 2883: 2844: 2735: 2680: 2219: 2181: 2120: 2095: 1995: 1907: 1888: 1592: 1589: 1563: 1334: 1297: 1265: 1236: 1199: 1162: 1125: 812:

at the end of the Epistle of Jude. According to this colophon Acts of the Apostles follows General epistles

17: 3730: 3056:

excommunicated and cut off. Written by Athanasius the humble." "Athanasius the humble" is identified with

4273: 3970: 1131: 888: 4875: 551:(an early system of dividing the four Gospels into different sections, developed by early church writer 373:

of eight leaves each (this being eight parchment leaves placed on top of each other, then folded as per

4914: 4900: 4889: 4498: 4294: 3849: 2575: 214: 5009: 3549:

Skeat wrote: "The Codex Alexandrinus, carried to Egypt in the early fourteenth century..." See Skeat,

2610: 2315: 5060: 4736: 4058: 3777: 3648: 3136: 3031: 3003: 2802: 2709: 2683: 2461: 2283: 2222: 2153: 1891: 1511: 1499: 743: 647: 387: 3702: 2975: 2496: 1242: 1168: 1086: 924:

in the Gospels (the text-type's oldest example), and the rest of the New Testament books are of the

4943: 4790: 4655: 3153:). In the Acts and Epistles we cannot find such chapter divisions, whose authorship is ascribed to 3093: 3063: 2350: 1303: 1205: 1022: 904: 779: 735: 639: 403:), but some pauses are observed in places in which a dot should be between two words. There are no 383: 218: 4794: 4761:

Petersen, William L. (1994). "What Text can New Testament Textual Criticism Ultimately Reach". In

2927: 2790: 2665: 2047: 2012: 1852: 1781: 1271: 969:, though it is not a pure member of this family. According to biblical scholar and textual critic 3814: 3491:

Kenyon in 1939 noticed: "this seems to ignore certain marked differences of script". See Kenyon,

3362: 3361:, he could triangulate back to the single recension which he presumed existed at the time of the 3132: 2863: 2767: 1714: 1680: 1570: 265: 4860: 4732: 3698: 3395: 3373: 3334: 3305: 3231: 2953: 2911: 2853: 2689: 2441: 2239: 2065: 1958: 1894: 1658: 771: 695: 307: 3966: 3026: 431:. Codex Alexandrinus is the oldest manuscript to use larger letters to indicate new sections. 4910: 4711: 4194: 4015: 3931: 3672: 2741: 1649: 1595: 1514: 1508: 954: 925: 909: 893: 872: 809: 616: 536: 288: 150: 5052: 4738:

Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus codicum manuscripts

3878: 3806: 3704:

Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus codicum manuscripts

3601: 671:, in which 120 of the Apocalypse's 201 singular readings were corrected in the 7th century. 4924: 4222: 3324: 3297: 3284: 3255: 3219: 3144:

believed in Thecla's authorship, but the codex cannot be older than from late 4th century.

1018: 1004: 861: 759: 727: 723: 711: 601: 552: 404: 284: 238: 3779:

Six Lectures on the Text of the New Testament and the Ancient Manuscripts which contain it

8: 4751:

B. H. Cowper, "Notitia codicis Alexandrini, Recud. cur. notasque adjecit" (London, 1860).

4529: 4435: 4269: 4036: 3471: 3437: 2429: 2098: 2062: 921: 917: 876: 643: 597: 234: 146: 95: 4916:

Codex Alexandrinus in Reduced Photographic Facsimile – Vol. 4: 1 Esdras – Ecclesiasticus

4177: 3652: 1021:

frequently agrees with the biblical quotations made by the 4th century Christian writer

734:, however the pages containing Matthew 1:1–25:5 are not extant. The codex also contains 4993: 4885: 4871: 4682: 4597: 4198: 3215: 3203: 3164: 3149: 3082: 2889: 2438: 2432: 2384: 2236: 2233: 1066: 1042: 1014: 865: 783: 612: 501: 345: 4891:

Codex Alexandrinus in Reduced Photographic Facsimile – Vol. 2: 1 Samuel – 2 Chronicles

4140: 4089: 585:, due to several pages missing at the beginning) is prefixed by a table of κεφάλαια / 4770: 4686: 4604: 4564: 4451: 4298: 4228: 4119: 3937: 3927: 3886: 3879: 3807: 3678: 3613: 3602: 3447: 1614: 974: 962: 929: 913: 900: 840:

4:13-12:6 (3 leaves); 1 Clement 57:7-63 (1 leaf) and 2 Clement 12:5a-fin. (2 leaves);

829: 798: 790: 659: 582: 544: 515: 399: 4955: 3802: 3674:

Encountering New Testament Manuscripts: A Working Introduction to Textual Criticism

3283:

The Old Testament was edited by Ernst Grabe in 1707–1720, and the New Testament by

3159: 2994: 2941: 2877: 2838: 2728: 2674: 2517: 2420: 2373: 2227: 2212: 2146: 2088: 1989: 1882: 1830: 1807: 1637: 1598: 1557: 1489: 1070: 1056: 1034: 1026: 990: 986: 767: 763: 719: 687: 668: 620: 528: 505: 408: 314: 242: 31: 555:) stand in the margin of the Gospels. It contains divisions into larger sections ( 5086: 5027: 5016: 4032: 3910: 3408: 3350: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3239: 3227: 3206:

in 1624, as gratitude for his help. The codex was presented through the hands of

3157:, Bishop of Sulci, come into vogue before the middle of the fifth century. It is 3101:

of the Old Testament appears to be a non-Alexandrian text heavily revised by the

3087: 2950: 2908: 2886: 2850: 2847: 2774: 2738: 2435: 1955: 1652: 1517: 1038: 1030: 844: 747: 663: 651: 548: 532: 509: 461: 360:(the forerunner to the modern book) made from 773 thin, fine, and very beautiful 326: 292: 246: 202: 128: 600:

sections into which the Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypse were divided (similar to

300: 4556: 3235: 3223: 3195: 2568: 2532: 2454: 2426: 2380: 1971: 1949: 1758: 1349:

Example of differences between Family Π and Codex Alexandrinus in Mark 10:50–51

1046: 973:, it is the earliest Greek manuscript which gives us approximately the text of 970: 833: 739: 524: 497: 481: 465: 424: 350: 334: 272: 118: 67: 4959: 4141:"Early Readers of the Gospels: The Kephalaia and Titloi of Codex Alexandrinus" 1722:πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν εὐνοῦχον, ἄγγελος δέ κυρίου ἥρπασεν τὸν Φίλιππον 5098: 4902:

Codex Alexandrinus in Reduced Photographic Facsimile – Vol. 3: Hosea – Judith

4877:

Codex Alexandrinus in Reduced Photographic Facsimile – Vol. 1: Genesis – Ruth

4809: 4762: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4443: 4439: 4431: 3597: 3523:), signifies the reading is damaged and cannot be established with certainty. 3475: 3467: 3402:

and opened the list of the NT uncial manuscripts. Wettstein announced in his

3358: 3263: 3250: 3199: 3187: 3141: 3048: 2920: 2917: 2899: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2780: 2777: 2744: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2450: 2447: 2393: 2390: 2298: 2258: 2251: 2248: 2159: 2075: 2071: 2002: 1998: 1967: 1903: 1762: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1727:

the Holy Spirit fell on the eunuch, and an angel of the Lord caught up Philip

1673: 1670: 1646: 1604: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1505: 837: 816:

Due to damage and lost folios, various passages are missing or have defects:

805: 751: 731: 394: 268: 99: 5020: 4977: 4319: 3809:

The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration

3262:

The text of the Epistles of Clement from the codex was published in 1633 by

3218:

died before the codex was sent to England, and the offer was transferred to

738:(lacking 57:7–63; this is a letter attributed to the early Christian writer 310:

in 1751. Thus Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.

3912:

Catechesis Evangelica: Questions and Answers based on the "Textus Receptus"

3668: 3429: 3301: 3211: 3076: 3006: 2962: 2959: 2914: 2895: 2856: 2805: 2444: 2387: 2255: 2245: 2242: 2156: 2068: 1964: 1961: 1900: 1897: 1733: 1667: 1601: 1526: 1523: 322: 297: 233:), it has been dated to the fifth century. It contains the majority of the 230: 4716:

An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures

4091:

Facsimile of the Codex Alexandrinus: New Testament and Clementine Epistles

3654:

An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures

5061:"An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism – Codex Alexandrinus" 4221:

Skeat, T. C. (January 2004). "The Provenance of the Codex Alexandrinus".

3479: 3366: 3345: 3068: 2808: 2798: 2693: 2686: 1952: 1813: 1643: 1502: 1051: 703: 699: 631: 489: 473: 442: 438: 412: 370: 966: 958: 627:, textual critic Juan Hernández Jr., and textual critic Dirk Jongkind). 5065:

A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism

4521: 4427: 4063:

A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism

3593: 3207: 3109: 3052: 2988: 2983: 2956: 2935: 2892: 2871: 2832: 2722: 2206: 2201: 2140: 1945: 1925: 1868: 1801: 1444: 1061: 1009: 999: 933: 794: 691: 683: 624: 379: 264:), where it resided for a number of years before it was brought by the 257: 222: 187: 181: 3881:

Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Greek Palaeography

3154: 2645: 1664: 1520: 851: 847:

14:14–17, 15:1–5, 15:16–19, 16:6–9 (lower portion of torn leaf lost);

707: 558: 226: 1911: 1661: 1280: 821: 434: 276: 3975:(in German). Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung 3323:

Woide's edition contained some typesetting errors, such as in the

3183: 5089:

with bookmarks and high quality photos (from 1879–1883 and 1909).

3102: 1483:

The blind man said to him, "Rabbi: that I would be able to see."

1462:

The blind man said to him, "Rabbi: that I would be able to see."

1033:. In the General Epistles it represents a different subtype than 994: 249:, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the 4038:

Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek New Testament

604:

system for the Gospels) are not indicated in this manuscript. A

4321:

Family Π and the Codex Alexandrinus: The Text According to Mark

3097: 2550: 855: 825: 755: 540: 374: 365: 361: 330: 280: 3936:. Grand Rapids, MI USA: Baker Academic. p. 87, note 181. 66:

Folio 41v from the Codex Alexandrinus contains the end of the

3933:

How We Got the New Testament: Text, Transmission, Translation

3328: 3314: 3309: 3291: 3222:

in 1627. It was saved from the fire at Ashburnham House (the

3116: 2632: 2616: 2597: 2581: 2555: 2502: 2483: 2467: 2405: 2357: 2337: 2321: 2306: 2289: 2270: 2187: 2168: 2126: 2111: 2080: 2053: 2034: 2018: 1977: 1931: 1916: 1874: 1858: 1839: 1818: 1787: 1768: 1720: 1701: 1686: 1576: 1435: 1427: 1421: 1412: 1400: 1394: 1387: 1366: 1324: 1309: 1291: 1278: 1259: 1248: 1226: 1211: 1189: 1174: 1152: 1137: 1111: 1092: 572: 556: 452: 446: 357: 261: 250: 4994:

Codex Alexandrinus. Entry in the Manuscript Database of the

4767:

New Testament Textual Criticism, Exegesis and Church History

4718:. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 224. 3915:. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. p. 267. 4116:

Scribal habits and theological influences in the Apocalypse

3677:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. p. 49. 3172: 892:

The end of the 2 Epistle of Peter and the beginning of the

527:

have elegant shape, but a little less simple than those in

70:

with the decorative tailpiece found at the end of each book

4011:

A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament

3258:'s facsimile edition (1786), containing text of John 1:1–7 789:

There is an appendix marked in the index, which lists the

4354:

Nordberg, H. (1962). "The Bible Text of St. Athanasius".

3885:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 86. 690:

books (those books not accepted as authoritative by some

138:

32 × 26 cm (12.6 × 10.4 in)

4520: 4426: 4041:. William Edie (trans.). London: Williams & Norgate. 3019:

Alexandrinus is an important witness for the absence of

291:

assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the

4828:

A History of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament

3831:. Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research 850:

Defects due to torn leaves: Genesis 1:20–25, 1:29–2:3,

4688:

Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament

4004: 3801: 3276:(1657). The text of the codex was cited in footnotes. 3214:), the English ambassador at the court of the Sultan. 1460:

Jesus said to him, "What for you do you want me to do?

4599:

The Bible as Book: The Transmission of the Greek Text

217:

numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 4 (in the

4059:"An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism" 3419: 4662:. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. pp. 120–121. 993:to more closely resembling the text of a number of 393:The text in the codex is written in two columns in 237:and the Greek New Testament. It is one of the four 205:, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII), designated by the siglum 4999: by Felix Albrecht, published 4 September 2023 4929:Novum Testamentum Graecum e codice ms. alexandrino 4596: 4544:(3rd ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. 4450:(26 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung. 3121:donum dedit cubicuo Patriarchali anno 814 Martyrum 2641:) – All other manuscripts containing this verse - 1918:γνωστὰ ἀπʼ αἰῶνός ἐστιν τῷ θεῷ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ 953:The Byzantine text of the Gospels has a number of 2113:Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα 682:The codex contains a nearly complete copy of the 229:. Using the study of comparative writing styles ( 5096: 4148:Journal of Graeco-Roman Christianity and Judaism 3876: 3657:. Vol. 4. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1025:. In the Pauline Epistles its text is closer to 5053:Codex Alexandrinus: information, zoomable image 4859:. London: William & Norgate. Archived from 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4563:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 60. 4495:A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament 4200:The Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Alexandrinus 4094:. Vol. 5. London: Oxford University Press. 3707:. Amsterdam: Ex Officina Dommeriana. p. 8. 3266:, the Royal Librarian. A collation was made by 4830:. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 91. 4769:. Kampen: Kok Pharos Publishing. p. 137. 4396:, ed. A. Rahlfs, Stuttgart 1979, vol. 2, p. 9. 4224:The collected biblical writings of T. C. Skeat 4027: 4025: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 1437:ο δε τυφλος ειπεν αυτω· ραββουνι ινα αναβλεψω· 1382:ο δε τυφλος ειπεν αυτω· ραββουνι ινα αναβλεψω· 957:features, with some affinities to the textual 221:numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a 4971:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 4919:. London: British Museum (Facsimile edition). 4905:. London: British Museum (Facsimile edition). 4894:. London: British Museum (Facsimile edition). 4880:. London: British Museum (Facsimile edition). 4488: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4275:An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek 4182:. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 130. 3904: 3902: 3534:Textual variants in the First Epistle of John 3060:, Patriarch of Alexandria from 1276 to 1316. 4727: 4725: 4577: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4422: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3547:The Codex Vaticanus in the Fifteenth Century 3506:Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles 3047:The codex's original provenance is unknown. 730:). It also contains all of the books of the 4975: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4278:. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. p. 125. 4253:Reduced facsimile of the Codex Alexandrinus 4246: 4244: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4022: 3987: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3735:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3608:. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: 3518: 1625: 445:are occasionally confused, and the cluster 27:5th-century handwritten Bible copy in Greek 4923: 4799:. London: Macmillan & Co. p. 163. 4624: 4622: 4620: 4594: 4366: 4192: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3908: 3899: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3592: 3245: 2571:identified it as Orthodox corrupt reading. 1860:γνωστῶν ἀπ᾿ αἰῶνος τῷ κυρίῳ τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῦ 5058: 4731: 4722: 4465: 4288: 4207: 4203:. London: British Museum. pp. 32–34. 4113: 4098: 3772: 3711: 3697: 3647: 2567:New Testament scholar and textual critic 864:on the edges of almost every page of the 4760: 4695: 4672:Westcott, "Canon", Appendix D. XII. p. 8 4654: 4399: 4353: 4334: 4328: 4264: 4262: 4241: 4087: 4076: 4052: 4050: 4048: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3747: 3626: 3551:The Provenance of the Codex Alexandrinus 3344: 3249: 3226:) on 23 October 1731, by the librarian, 3182: 2644: 1465:Having discarded his cloak, standing up 1458:he came towards Jesus. And in response, 1456:Having discarded his cloak, standing up 1076: 965:associated the text of the gospels with 887: 804: 514: 344: 4966: 4942: 4825: 4617: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4492: 4384:, ed. A. Rahlfs, Stuttgart 1979, vol. 1 4158: 4138: 4118:. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 102. 3965: 3950: 3855: 3728: 3667: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3190:, one of the former owners of the codex 1368:ο δε αποβαλων το ιματιον αυτου αναστας 920:. The codex is a representative of the 500:are not expressed by letters except in 14: 5097: 4884: 4870: 4849: 4681: 4675: 4555: 4341:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 4250: 4175: 4031: 3926: 3610:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 3532:For other variants of this verse see: 3504:For other variants of this verse see: 3073:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 2660: 1389:ο δε αποβαλων το ιματιον αυτου αναστας 961:. Biblical scholar and textual critic 623:, biblical scholar and textual critic 317:, biblical scholar and textual critic 4909: 4898: 4710: 4448:Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 4268: 4259: 4220: 4179:Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts 4045: 3786: 3782:. Cambridge: Deighton, Bell & Co. 3493:Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts 3404:Prolegomena ad Novi Testamenti Graeci 256:It derives its name from the city of 4982:. Giessen: Giessen : J. Ricker. 4969:Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages 4843: 4789: 4741:. Amsterdam: Ex Officina Dommeriana. 4660:The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins 4603:. New Castle, Del: Oak Knoll Press. 4561:The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture 4505: 4317: 3567: 3340: 2504:δι' ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος καὶ πνεύματος 390:are also missing leaves, perhaps 3. 4643:Family Π and the Codex Alexandrinus 3821: 3813:(4th ed.). New York – Oxford: 3732:Canon and Text of the New Testament 883: 571:), the headings of these sections ( 349:List of chapters (κεφάλαια) in the 163:III (in Gospels), I (in rest of NT) 24: 4838: 4006:Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose 3774:Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose 3042: 2509:through water and blood and spirit 25: 5141: 5130:British Library Royal manuscripts 4987: 4337:Introduction to the New Testament 4056: 3238:, and since 1973 has been in the 1380:λεγει αυτω τι σοι θελεις ποιησω; 171:elegantly written but with errors 5115:5th-century biblical manuscripts 5110:Illuminated biblical manuscripts 4632:JTS XI (1909–1910), pp. 603–606. 4356:Arctos, Acta Philologica Fennica 4088:Thompson, Edward Maunde (1909). 3422: 2786:omit – A Majority of manuscripts 2055:Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν 1471:towards Jesus. And in response, 1340: 1081: 60: 5085:Facsimile at Internet Archive: 4976:Silberstein, Siegfried (1893). 4819: 4803: 4783: 4754: 4745: 4666: 4648: 4635: 4549: 4493:Metzger, Bruce Manning (2000). 4347: 4311: 4282: 4186: 4132: 3972:Textkritik des Neuen Testaments 3919: 3909:Montefiore, Thomas Law (1862). 3843: 3539: 3526: 3511: 3498: 3485: 3412:(Wettstein, Woide, Griesbach). 3270:, Prebendary of Wells, for the 3015:incl. – Majority of manuscripts 2971:incl. – Majority of manuscripts 2763:incl. – Majority of manuscripts 2705:incl. – Majority of manuscripts 750:– 2 Chronicles (first volume), 225:of the Greek Bible, written on 4948:Journal of Theological Studies 4946:(1910). "Codex Alexandrinus". 4936: 3691: 3661: 3460: 543:from the initial copyist. The 340: 13: 1: 4291:Der Text des Alten Testaments 3850:the British Library's website 3560: 3443:List of New Testament uncials 3388: 3178: 1477:, "What do you want me to do 981:Text of the rest of the codex 5079: 5042:(facsimile of 1880s edition) 5034:Volume 4 (the New Testament) 5010:Volume 4 (the New Testament) 2714:Christ's agony at Gethsemane 2564:) – Majority of manuscripts 793:and probably contained more 313:Until the later purchase of 287:in the 17th century. Bishop 7: 5105:Greek New Testament uncials 5046: 4967:Calkins, Robert G. (1983). 4826:Vincent, Marvin R. (1899). 4691:. London: Macmillan and Co. 4293:(2nd ed.). Stuttgart: 3517:Metzger's notation, A (for 3415: 2606:) – Majority of manuscripts 2346:) – Majority of manuscripts 2279:) – Majority of manuscripts 2177:) – Majority of manuscripts 2043:) – Majority of manuscripts 1848:) – Majority of manuscripts 1777:) – majority of manuscripts 1710:) – Majority of manuscripts 1065:. According to Metzger, in 677: 10: 5146: 4499:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 4339:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: 4295:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 3805:; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). 3649:Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux 3329: 3315: 3310: 3292: 3280:made a collation in 1675. 3230:. It became a part of the 3037: 2633: 2617: 2598: 2582: 2556: 2503: 2492:)- Majority of manuscripts 2484: 2468: 2406: 2358: 2338: 2322: 2307: 2290: 2272:τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη 2271: 2188: 2169: 2127: 2112: 2081: 2054: 2035: 2019: 1978: 1932: 1917: 1875: 1859: 1840: 1819: 1788: 1769: 1721: 1702: 1687: 1577: 1436: 1428: 1422: 1413: 1401: 1395: 1388: 1367: 1325: 1310: 1292: 1279: 1260: 1249: 1227: 1212: 1190: 1175: 1153: 1138: 1112: 1093: 742:) and the homily known as 694:, but accepted by certain 573: 557: 453: 447: 29: 5019:on the British Library's 5003: 4944:Burkitt, Francis Crawford 4791:Jebb, Richard Claverhouse 4656:Streeter, Burnett Hillman 4289:Würthwein, Ernst (1988). 4176:Kenyon, Frederic (1939). 3877:Bruce M. Metzger (1991). 3194:The codex was brought to 3051:was the first to suggest 2993: 2940: 2923:945 1505 1739 2464 gig sy 2876: 2837: 2727: 2673: 2516: 2469:παντι εργω και λογω αγαθω 2419: 2372: 2311:– Majority of manuscripts 2226: 2211: 2145: 2116:– Majority of manuscripts 2087: 1988: 1921:– Majority of manuscripts 1881: 1829: 1806: 1636: 1626: 1556: 1347: 451:(gg) is substituted with 319:Frederick H. A. Scrivener 175: 167: 157: 142: 134: 124: 114: 106: 91: 83: 75: 59: 50: 5015:25 February 2017 at the 4899:Milne, H. J. M. (1936). 4335:Thiessen, H. C. (1976). 4114:Hernández, Juan (2006). 4008:; Edward Miller (1894). 3453: 3094:Burnett Hillman Streeter 2474:every good work and word 1757:945 1739 1765 1891 2298 1023:Athanasius of Alexandria 828:49:20–79:11 (9 leaves); 539:is ornamented by pretty 283:). Then it was given to 53:New Testament manuscript 39:New Testament manuscript 30:Not to be confused with 5087:Four volumes in one pdf 5055:British Library website 4960:10.1093/jts/os-XI.4.603 4733:Wettstein, Johann Jakob 4542:The Greek New Testament 4324:. London: Christophers. 4014:. Vol. 1. London: 3815:Oxford University Press 3729:Gregory, C. R. (1907). 3699:Wettstein, Johann Jakob 3363:First Council of Nicaea 3304:combats the opinion of 3246:Collations and editions 3126: 2859:Majority of manuscripts 2562:through water and blood 940:in the Gospels, and in 696:Christian denominations 547:with references to the 269:Patriarch Cyril Lucaris 5120:Septuagint manuscripts 5026:7 October 2021 at the 4954:(4). Oxford: 663–666. 4911:Skeat, Theodore Cressy 4850:Cowper, B. H. (1860). 4765:; Delobel, J. (eds.). 4712:Horne, Thomas Hartwell 4251:Kenyon, F. G. (1909). 4195:Skeat, Theodore Cressy 4139:Goswell, Greg (2009). 4016:George Bell & Sons 3519: 3354: 3308:, who maintained that 3259: 3191: 2657: 2557:δι' ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 897: 836:6:50-8:52 (2 leaves); 832:1:1-25:6 (26 leaves); 813: 716:Epistle to Marcellinus 520: 353: 5021:Digitised Manuscripts 4996:Göttinger Septuaginta 4925:Woide, Carl Gottfried 4814:Catholic Encyclopedia 3829:"Liste Handschriften" 3612:. pp. 107, 109. 3348: 3330:ἐκλήθηθε for ἐκλήθητε 3273:London Polyglot Bible 3253: 3186: 3096:proposed Caesarea or 2648: 1077:Some Textual Variants 926:Alexandrian text-type 891: 824:12:17–14:9 (1 leaf); 808: 518: 348: 5125:Great uncial codices 4886:Kenyon, Frederick G. 4872:Kenyon, Frederick G. 4866:on 12 December 2010. 4645:(London 1937), p. 9. 4318:Lake, Silva (1936). 4270:Swete, Henry Barclay 3967:Gregory, Caspar René 3325:Epistle to Ephesians 3285:Carl Gottfried Woide 3175:to the 5th century. 2965:1175 1739 2464 s sy 2634:ἠγόρασας τῷ θεῷ ἡμᾶς 1708:about the tenth hour 1693:about the sixth hour 760:Acts of the Apostles 728:Eusebius of Caesarea 553:Eusebius of Caesarea 356:The manuscript is a 285:Charles I of England 239:Great uncial codices 4683:Kenyon, Frederic G. 3438:Biblical manuscript 2661:Non-included Verses 1358:Codex Alexandrinus 949:Text of the Gospels 922:Byzantine text-type 877:Epistle to Philemon 598:Euthalian Apparatus 508:, and no more than 271:from Alexandria to 235:Greek Old Testament 147:Byzantine text-type 96:Greek Old Testament 47: 4810:Codex Alexandrinus 4630:Codex Alexandrinus 3928:Porter, Stanley E. 3355: 3260: 3192: 3165:Epistle of Clement 3163:. The presence of 3150:terminus post quem 3083:Frederic G. Kenyon 3025:(John 7:53–8:11). 2783:945 1739 1891 2818 2658: 2655:Codex Alexandrinus 2639:redeemed us to God 2594:(singular reading) 2480:(singular reading) 2412:God was manifested 2364:who was manifested 2334:(singular reading) 2277:fasting and prayer 2101:* G 1739 1881 d g 2031:(singular reading) 1775:spirit of the Lord 898: 896:in the same column 814: 784:Book of Revelation 521: 354: 199:Codex Alexandrinus 42: 4844:Text of the codex 4534:Metzger, Bruce M. 4530:Martini, Carlo M. 4440:Metzger, Bruce M. 4436:Martini, Carlo M. 4193:Milne, H. J. M.; 4125:978-3-16-149112-2 3892:978-0-19-502924-6 3803:Metzger, Bruce M. 3619:978-0-8028-4098-1 3448:Textual criticism 3341:Textual criticism 3133:Council of Nicaea 3022:Pericope Adultera 2182:1 Corinthians 7:5 2121:1 Corinthians 2:1 1876:γνωστὰ ἀπʼ αἰῶνος 1487: 1486: 1406:· και αποκριθεις 1374:· και αποκριθεις 1132:Deuteronomy 31:15 975:Lucian the Martyr 963:Hermann von Soden 894:1 Epistle of John 879:has been cut out. 799:pseudepigraphical 791:Psalms of Solomon 591:table of contents 545:Ammonian Sections 525:majuscule letters 400:Scriptio continua 195: 194: 16:(Redirected from 5137: 5075: 5073: 5071: 4983: 4972: 4963: 4932: 4920: 4906: 4895: 4881: 4867: 4865: 4858: 4832: 4831: 4823: 4817: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4729: 4720: 4719: 4708: 4693: 4692: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4615: 4614: 4602: 4592: 4575: 4574: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4518: 4503: 4502: 4490: 4463: 4461: 4424: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4364: 4363: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4218: 4205: 4204: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4173: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4111: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4054: 4043: 4042: 4033:Nestle, Eberhard 4029: 4020: 4019: 4002: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3963: 3948: 3947: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3906: 3897: 3896: 3884: 3874: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3812: 3799: 3784: 3783: 3770: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3726: 3709: 3708: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3645: 3624: 3623: 3607: 3590: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3502: 3496: 3489: 3483: 3464: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3332: 3331: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3160:terminus ad quem 2999: 2997: 2991: 2986: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2882: 2880: 2874: 2843: 2841: 2835: 2801: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2679: 2677: 2636: 2635: 2620: 2619: 2601: 2600: 2585: 2584: 2559: 2558: 2522: 2520: 2506: 2505: 2487: 2486: 2485:παντι εργω αγαθω 2471: 2470: 2425: 2423: 2409: 2408: 2378: 2376: 2361: 2360: 2341: 2340: 2325: 2324: 2310: 2309: 2293: 2292: 2274: 2273: 2232: 2230: 2217: 2215: 2209: 2204: 2191: 2190: 2172: 2171: 2151: 2149: 2143: 2130: 2129: 2115: 2114: 2093: 2091: 2084: 2083: 2057: 2056: 2038: 2037: 2022: 2021: 1994: 1992: 1981: 1980: 1948: 1935: 1934: 1920: 1919: 1887: 1885: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1822: 1821: 1812: 1810: 1804: 1791: 1790: 1772: 1771: 1724: 1723: 1705: 1704: 1703:ωρα ην ως δεκατη 1690: 1689: 1642: 1640: 1629: 1628: 1580: 1579: 1562: 1560: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1423:τι θελεις ποιησω 1419: 1418: 1417: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1345: 1344: 1328: 1327: 1313: 1312: 1295: 1294: 1284: 1283: 1263: 1262: 1252: 1251: 1230: 1229: 1215: 1214: 1193: 1192: 1178: 1177: 1156: 1155: 1141: 1140: 1119: 1118: 1100: 1099: 1071:Codex Sinaiticus 1064: 1057:Codex Sinaiticus 1054: 1035:Codex Sinaiticus 1027:Codex Sinaiticus 1012: 1002: 991:Pauline epistles 987:Codex Sinaiticus 971:Burnett Streeter 884:Textual features 768:Pauline epistles 764:General epistles 720:Saint Athanasius 688:deuterocanonical 686:, including the 669:Codex Sinaiticus 576: 575: 562: 561: 529:Codex Sinaiticus 506:Codex Sinaiticus 456: 455: 450: 449: 413:stichometrically 315:Codex Sinaiticus 266:Eastern Orthodox 243:Codex Sinaiticus 190: 185:in Acts, and to 184: 64: 48: 41: 32:Alexandria Codex 21: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5095: 5094: 5082: 5069: 5067: 5059:Waltz, Robert. 5049: 5028:Wayback Machine 5017:Wayback Machine 5006: 4990: 4939: 4863: 4856: 4846: 4841: 4839:Further reading 4836: 4835: 4824: 4820: 4808: 4804: 4796:Richard Bentley 4788: 4784: 4777: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4730: 4723: 4709: 4696: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4653: 4649: 4640: 4636: 4628:F. C. Burkitt, 4627: 4618: 4611: 4593: 4578: 4571: 4557:Ehrman, Bart D. 4554: 4550: 4540:, eds. (1983). 4519: 4506: 4491: 4466: 4458: 4446:, eds. (1981). 4425: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4367: 4352: 4348: 4333: 4329: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4287: 4283: 4267: 4260: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4219: 4208: 4191: 4187: 4174: 4159: 4143: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4112: 4099: 4086: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4057:Waltz, Robert. 4055: 4046: 4030: 4023: 4003: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3964: 3951: 3944: 3924: 3920: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3875: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3800: 3787: 3771: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3727: 3712: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3666: 3662: 3646: 3627: 3620: 3591: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3544: 3540: 3531: 3527: 3516: 3512: 3503: 3499: 3490: 3486: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3409:Textus Receptus 3391: 3351:British Library 3343: 3288: 3278:Richard Bentley 3268:Alexander Huish 3248: 3240:British Library 3228:Richard Bentley 3210:(together with 3181: 3129: 3115:A 17th-century 3088:John Chrysostom 3045: 3043:Place of origin 3040: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2939: 2934: 2898:1175 1241 p* s 2875: 2870: 2836: 2831: 2797: 2726: 2721: 2672: 2663: 2651:Luke 12:54–13:4 2623:redeemed to God 2618:ἠγόρασας τῷ θεῷ 2576:Revelation 1:17 2515: 2490:every good work 2418: 2371: 2225: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2144: 2139: 2086: 1987: 1944: 1880: 1867: 1828: 1805: 1800: 1635: 1555: 1482: 1472: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1448:order of words 1447: 1443: 1434: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1392: 1381: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1343: 1084: 1079: 1060: 1050: 1045:it agrees with 1039:Codex Vaticanus 1031:Codex Vaticanus 1017:). The text of 1008: 998: 901:Textual critics 886: 871:The ornamented 776:2 Thessalonians 774:placed between 740:Clement of Rome 718:(attributed to 680: 613:Frederic Kenyon 549:Eusebian Canons 533:Codex Vaticanus 510:Codex Vaticanus 409:breathing marks 343: 327:British Library 325:Gallery of the 308:J. J. Wettstein 203:British Library 186: 180: 129:British Library 71: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5143: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5091: 5090: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5056: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5031: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4989: 4988:External links 4986: 4985: 4984: 4973: 4964: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4921: 4907: 4896: 4882: 4868: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4818: 4802: 4782: 4776:978-9039001059 4775: 4763:Aland, Barbara 4753: 4744: 4721: 4694: 4674: 4665: 4647: 4634: 4616: 4609: 4576: 4570:978-0199739783 4569: 4548: 4538:Wikgren, Allen 4526:Black, Matthew 4504: 4464: 4456: 4444:Wikgren, Allen 4432:Black, Matthew 4398: 4386: 4365: 4346: 4327: 4310: 4303: 4297:. p. 85. 4281: 4258: 4240: 4233: 4206: 4185: 4157: 4131: 4124: 4097: 4075: 4044: 4021: 3986: 3949: 3942: 3918: 3898: 3891: 3854: 3842: 3820: 3785: 3746: 3710: 3690: 3683: 3660: 3625: 3618: 3598:Aland, Barbara 3565: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3538: 3525: 3510: 3497: 3484: 3476:New Testaments 3458: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3417: 3414: 3390: 3387: 3342: 3339: 3335:E. M. Thompson 3254:Fragment from 3247: 3244: 3236:British Museum 3224:Cotton library 3196:Constantinople 3180: 3177: 3128: 3125: 3058:Athanasius III 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3032:Codex Ephraemi 3017: 3016: 3013: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2925: 2924: 2905: 2861: 2860: 2828: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2662: 2659: 2643: 2642: 2630: 2611:Revelation 5:9 2608: 2607: 2595: 2573: 2572: 2565: 2553: 2494: 2493: 2481: 2459: 2458: 2407:θεός ἐφανερώθη 2403: 2348: 2347: 2335: 2316:Ephesians 4:14 2313: 2312: 2304: 2281: 2280: 2268: 2179: 2178: 2166: 2118: 2117: 2109: 2078: 2045: 2044: 2032: 2010: 2009: 1975: 1923: 1922: 1914: 1872: 1850: 1849: 1837: 1816: 1779: 1778: 1766: 1712: 1711: 1699: 1688:ωρα ην ως εκτη 1678: 1677: 1623: 1568: 1567: 1552: 1485: 1484: 1463: 1453: 1452: 1445:Ν εφελκυστικον 1440: 1385: 1370:ηλθε προς τον 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1322: 1301: 1300: 1289: 1269: 1268: 1257: 1240: 1239: 1224: 1203: 1202: 1187: 1166: 1165: 1150: 1129: 1128: 1109: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1047:Codex Ephraemi 1015:the Apocalypse 983: 982: 951: 950: 885: 882: 881: 880: 869: 859: 848: 841: 679: 676: 617:Theodore Skeat 351:Gospel of Mark 342: 339: 305:textual critic 273:Constantinople 193: 192: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 155: 154: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 110:5th century AD 108: 104: 103: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 68:Gospel of Luke 65: 57: 56: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5142: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4981: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4930: 4927:(1779–1786). 4926: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4786: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4669: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4612: 4610:0-7123-4727-5 4606: 4601: 4600: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4500: 4497:. Stuttgart: 4496: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4395: 4390: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4343:. p. 45. 4342: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4304:3-438-06006-X 4300: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4263: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4236: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4180: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4093: 4092: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4028: 4026: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3945: 3943:9781441242686 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3913: 3905: 3903: 3894: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3851: 3846: 3830: 3824: 3817:. p. 67. 3816: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3734: 3733: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3694: 3686: 3684:9780802818362 3680: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3669:Finegan, Jack 3664: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3605: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3529: 3521: 3514: 3507: 3501: 3494: 3488: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3420: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3386: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359:Latin Vulgate 3352: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3326: 3321: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3264:Patrick Young 3257: 3252: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3232:Royal Library 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3200:Cyril Lucaris 3197: 3189: 3188:Cyril Lucaris 3185: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3142:Cyril Lucaris 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3064:F. C. Burkitt 3061: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049:Cyril Lucaris 3035: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2710:Luke 22:43–44 2704: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2605: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2462:Hebrews 13:21 2456: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2345: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2284:Ephesians 1:7 2278: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2214: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2090: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2042: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1817: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1770:πνεῦμα κυρίου 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1676:1009 1010 Byz 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1480: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1455: 1454: 1446: 1441: 1432: 1420: 1399: 1386: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1341:New Testament 1336: 1332: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1267: 1258: 1256: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1201: 1197: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1164: 1160: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1123: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1082:Old Testament 1074: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 980: 979: 978: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 948: 947: 946: 943: 939: 936:placed it in 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 906: 902: 895: 890: 878: 874: 870: 867: 863: 860: 858:50:21f, 51:5; 857: 853: 849: 846: 842: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 818: 817: 811: 807: 803: 800: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:New Testament 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 675: 672: 670: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 621:Bruce Metzger 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 570: 566: 560: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 517: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 493: 487: 485: 479: 477: 471: 469: 464:shapes (f.e. 463: 458: 444: 440: 436: 432: 430: 426: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 401: 396: 395:uncial script 391: 389: 385: 381: 376: 372: 367: 363: 359: 352: 347: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 311: 309: 306: 302: 299: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215:Gregory-Aland 212: 208: 204: 200: 189: 183: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 160: 156: 153:in rest of NT 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 100:New Testament 97: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 63: 58: 55: 54: 49: 46: 37: 33: 19: 5092: 5068:. 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London. 4641:K. Lake, 4227:. 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