Book censorship in the United States

157: 456:, who wrote the opinion, reasoned that "Local school boards have broad discretion in the management of school affairs, but such discretion must be exercised in a manner that comports with the transcendent imperatives of the First Amendment". Brennan continues that school boards do have "absolute discretion to choose academic materials" and what texts are used in classrooms, so removing books from curriculum would not be unconstitutional, as long as a school board's discretion is not "exercised in a narrowly partisan or political manner." Finally, he comments on the library, saying it is a distinct institution as it represents the First Amendment's "role in affording the public access to discussion, debate and the dissemination of information and ideas." 1580:. The series emphasizes rebellion and uprising, government control, and corrupt political power. The breakdown of different districts represents the not-so-equal distribution of wealth. The book also includes themes of violence, poverty, and love, which can also be challenged. In 2014, the book was banned for the insertion of religious perspectives. The series ended up being banned and/or challenged throughout the years for reasons that include, but are not limited to: insensitivity, offensive language, violence, anti-family, anti-ethic, and occult/satanic. One parent in New Hampshire stated that the series had given her 11-year-old daughter nightmares. She also stated that it could numb children to violence. 502:(ALA), there are also more than 20 other reasons for censorship, including the material containing or being: anti-ethnic, cultural sensitivity, racism, sexism, anti-family, nudity, offensive language, other offensive items, abortion, drug/alcohol/smoking, gambling, gangs, violence, suicide, homosexuality, sexually explicit, political viewpoint, religious viewpoint, occult/Satanism, unsuited for age group, inaccurate, technical errors, and other objections. According to People for the American Way, "sexually explicit" material was the most frequent cause of book challenges in the decade from 1990 to 2000, while "offensive language" was responsible for the second-most number. 1702:, and has support from the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. Banned Books Week has expanded its goals to include advocating for literary freedom in schools, libraries, and all places involving books. Its most current goal is "to teach the importance of our first Amendment rights and the power of literature, and to draw attention to the danger that exists when restraints are imposed availability of information in a free society". Banned Books Week has expanded from just books to addressing the filtering of any academic material by schools or lawmakers. This includes software that removes services such as 375:, through mostly untrue and sometimes completely false claims. One of the earlier textbooks targeted by the UDC was “American History by David S. Muzzey. It goes against almost all rules that the Rutherford Committee published in their pamphlet in 1919 to further the Lost Cause narrative. Although the UDC targeted it as early as 1916, the North Carolina textbook commission approved it for use in early 1920. By October, the UDC called for the book to be banned state-wide, even though the contract with the publisher would not come up for renewal until 1922, when it was chosen not to be renewed after public pressure. 1124:. The complaint claimed that the Bible fit under the guidelines of a 2022 Utah law banning "pornographic or indecent" content, calling it "one of the most sex-ridden books around". In June 2023, the Davis School District officially decided to remove the Bible from elementary and middle school shelves, finding it to not be in violation of the 2022 law but determining that its presence should be limited to high school classrooms and libraries. Later that month, in light of significant controversy, the decision was appealed and unanimously reversed. 1339:, was first published in 1951 and has since been both frequently challenged and taught. In the 1980s, it "had the unusual distinction of being the nation's most frequently censored book, and, at the same time, the second most frequently taught novel in the public schools." The American Library Association deemed it the most censored book from 1966 to 1975 and the tenth most challenged book from 1990 to 1999. The novel also appears as the second best and most classic novel of the 20th century based on a list developed by the 1212:, but did not have the racial slurs that the group objected to. The group also suggested that the book should be removed from the permanent, required reading list for a sophomore English curriculum, however, they did not ask that the book be banned. The group appreciated that the novel addressed injustices of the past, but believed the alternative books that they proposed "address multicultural and socially sensitive issues in a meaningful, respectful manner", whereas Steinbeck's novel does not. 144:

filed. These policies exist to make the challenge process transparent and consistent and to support due process. Usually an administrator or a committee will consider the challenge and the text, and make a determination. If the challenge is supported by the reconsideration process, the book will be removed from the library collection, school, etc. A “banned book” is one that has been "removed from a library, classroom, etc." Since 2021, the rise in book challenges nationwide has had a "

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Throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries there have been waves of attempts at widespread book censorship in the US. Since 2022, the country has seen a dramatic increase of attempted and successful censorship, with a 63% rise in reported cases between 2022 and 2023, including a substantial rise in challenges filed to hundreds of books at a time. In recent years, about three-fourths of books subject to censorship in the US are for children, pre-teenagers, and teenagers.

9270: 1616:, and the misadventures that ensue after they hypnotize their mean principal, Mr. Krupp, into believing he's the superhero Captain Underpants. All books in the series have been faced with bans, and the American Library Association reported them as being among the most challenged books in 2013 and 2014. The books were most commonly banned due to assertions that the main characters are disrespectful to authority and that the humor is inappropriate. The 9280: 9260: 1320:. After 4000 copies of the book had been printed, at the intervention of the State Department the publisher recalled the book and discontinued publication. Some copies of the book nevertheless found their way into rare book repositories at universities. Right-wing groups stole many remaining copies of the book from libraries. The book was reprinted in 1974 after other scholars had shown Koen's findings to be accurate. 1201:, a book documenting the cases of censorship in the United States, states that "the censors claim to be protecting the young and impressionable from this tragic tale of crude heroes speaking vulgar language within a setting that implies criticism of our social system." The main reasons for censorship, as observed by the Office of Intellectual Freedom, are "offensive language, racism, unsuited to age group, violence". 37: 1458:

Sweeney presented evidence for why the novels should be kept in the classroom, noting that they encourage children's fascination with reading and explore themes such as good triumphing over evil. The board ultimately unanimously decided to keep the books in the classroom under the defense that they have the potential to spark creativity, imagination, and a love for learning and reading.

148:," leading to increased self-censorship (Knox calls this "passive censorship") by many institutions, often at the level of school districts. Additionally, as of 2024, there has been an increase in state and local legislation that normalizes removal, but also relocation and restriction, of books in libraries, schools, and other settings. 241:, where the federal government has direct jurisdiction, the act also made it a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment, to sell, give away, or have in possession any "obscene" publication. Half of the states passed similar anti-obscenity statutes that also banned possession and sale of obscene materials. 1388:, was the first book to have been censored by federal courts prior to publication. The authors notably fought the CIA's order to censor 399 passages of the book, with the courts eventually settling on 168 censored passages. This book was a bestseller which is considered to have led to the creation of the 1681:, "an annual event celebrating the freedom to read" which usually takes place during the last week of September. Banned Books Week is the product of a national alliance between organizations who strive to bring awareness to banned books. Founded by first amendment and library activist Judy Krug and the 1792:—included on the 2020 and 2019 ALA's top ten challenged books annual list. He responded to these censors in an NPR interview, saying "It's painful to me because what I know is that when these books are banned, there are going to be thousands and thousands of young people who will not get these books." 1809:

series, which have been frequently banned due to inappropriate humor, disrespect to authority, and the inclusion of a gay character in the final book. In response to the act of banning books, Pilkey stated that "I understand that people are entitled to their own opinions about books, but it should be

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School District voted to require children to have parental permission to check out the books. Members of the school district board in favor of the restriction said that the books also promoted disobedience of authority. In response, the parents of Dakota Counts, another student, brought forth a legal

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Today, the target of book censorship may be either a print, electronic, or audiobook, or a curriculum that includes such sources. Targeted texts may be held by a business such as a bookstore; a library, either a public library or one located in a school or university; or the school or university as a

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frequently cited as the first book subject to a national ban, censorship of reading materials and their distribution remained sporadic in the United States until the Comstock Laws in 1873. It was in the early 20th century that book censorship became a more common practice and source of public debate.

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in 1982, the event aims to bring banned books "to the attention of the American public". By the year 2000, the intention of this event expanded to "bring together the entire book community; librarians, booksellers, publishers, journalists, teachers, and readers of all types, in shared support of the

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Numerous books have been suppressed "because of language, racial characterization, or depiction of drug use, social class, or sexual orientation of the characters, or other social differences that the challengers viewed as harmful to the readers." There are many examples of books being suppressed on

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just a year later and has expanded to include application to “book banning, gender and race discrimination and exhibit spaces”. This idea was expanded upon in 1953 by a group of professionals who defined the “responsibilities of publishers and librarians to protect Americans’ freedom to read”, which

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has been challenged due to "offensive language" and "sexually explicit descriptions". Defending his work, Green says that the novel "is arguing really in a rather pointed way that emotionally intimate kissing can be a whole lot more fulfilling than emotionally empty oral sex." The ALA protects him,

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focuses more on the legal issues regarding book censorship. One of their main objectives is "to supply legal counsel, which counsel may or may not be directly employed by the Foundation, and otherwise to provide support to such libraries and librarians as are suffering legal injustices." Founded on

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books be kept out of classrooms, suggesting that the novels promote the practice of witchcraft and contain violent content that is not suitable for her 15-year-old daughter to read as she was becoming inspired to try witchcraft in the manner of the series' characters. School board attorney Victoria

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has been on best-seller lists since the first book was published in 1997. The series was most frequently challenged in 2001 and 2002, before falling to second-most challenged book in 2003. The ALA cites the reasons for censorship as "anti-family, occult/Satanism, religious viewpoint, violence", but

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as part of a high school English curriculum. The challenger had problems with how African Americans were treated in the novel and feared that the descriptions may upset black students who were reading the novel. Instead of banning the book, the school board voted unanimously to keep the book in the

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in 1982. This case involved the school board removing certain books that it deemed inappropriate. The court came to the conclusion that, "The First Amendment imposes limitations upon a local school board's" discretion to remove books from high and junior high school libraries. The case was brought

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Banning of books by school leaders from various ISD around Texas have seen a growth in recent years. Resulting in Texas being the state to issue the largest number of book title challenges according to the American Library Association in 2022. Houston area schools have begun review and removal of

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The state of Georgia created the Georgia Literature Commission in 1953, which initially described its role as aiding local prosecutors in enforcing the state's obscenity laws. In 1958, it gained the power to issue subpoenas and injunctions to stop publication. It censored hundreds of publications,

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is the act of restricting access to books, due to images, ideas, or information contained, because the individual or organization requesting censorship finds the content objectionable. It refers specifically to attempts to remove or curtail access to a work for a whole population – such as all the

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it "was challenged but retained". Parents had "objected to the adult themes—sexuality, drugs, suicide—that appeared in the novel. Huxley's book was part of the summer Science Academy curriculum. The board voted to give parents more control over their children's choices by requiring principals to

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The foreword to the 1923 reissue of the novel addressed the censorship issue directly: "It has been urged that this book is detrimental to the morals of the young and might have had a bad effect upon people with weak moral sense, but are thousands of perfectly normal and responsible people to be

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magazine agrees. She thinks that celebrating Banned Books Week conflates issues of book censorship in a public library versus a school library, where actual cases of censorship are rather minimal. Groups who generally challenge numerous books, such as Focus on the Family, often stand opposed to

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would be reviewed by a group of parents, community members and teachers after a complaint came from Reverend Greg Foster about the novel's racial descriptions and discussion of sexual activity. The novel was ultimately banned from being accessed in the school district. Another case began with a

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are similar in their use of vulgar language and anti-traditionalist world views. All of these books have themes of characters who are idolized for breaking the rules and living life that is full of pleasures instead of listening and adhering to traditional order. Sova suggests that censors have

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Book censorship has often been initiated by a book “challenge,” or a request to remove a book from a library or other location. Many libraries and other educational institutions have “reconsideration policies” in place that lay out how to file a challenge and what will happen after one has been

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tells the story of a black teen who witnesses her childhood friend get shot by the police. In 2017, the book was ranked number 8 on the American Library Association’s top ten challenge and banned books list. The book was also banned by school officials in Katy, Texas. It was challenged for its

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in understanding oneself and one's family. These challenges are significant because the fact that they are filled with illustrations make them more likely to be accessible to younger children, and therefore, more susceptible to challenges when the content is considered mature for the audience.

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and has since been considered an American classic. The novel confronts issues of rape and racial inequality, but is highly regarded for its universal themes that can appeal to many readers. The novel has been censored since its 1960 publication and appeared on the ALA's top ten most frequently

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stated: "it has become so tiresome to reproach Boston for their constant repression of creative work, that we are beginning to surrender in despair." The end of the censorship started in the 1920s when bookstores started to advocate for people's right to read. Finally, in 1933 in Boston, Judge

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is the removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic, or educational material on the grounds that it is objectionable according to the standards applied by the censor. The first instance of book censorship in what is now known as the United States, took place in 1637 in

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is the oldest and largest library association in the world "to provide leadership for the development, promotion and improvement of library and information services and the profession of librarianship in order to enhance learning and ensure access to information for all." The American Library

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Books of 1990–1999 at number 43. The reasons for the challenges vary, but usually center on those parts of the novel in which Charlie struggles to understand and express his sexual desires. Many of the challenges have proved unsuccessful, but the book has occasionally been removed from school

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In the debate over book censorship in the United States, "freedom to read" proponents cite traditions and legal precedent building upon the Constitution of the United States, particularly the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Much of the justification for censorship over the years has

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in 1924 ruled "The mere act of purchasing a book to be added to the school library does not carry with it any implication of the adoption of the theory or dogma contained therein, or any approval of the book itself except as a work of literature fit to be included in a reference library." In

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obscenity statute by selling a plain-covered unillustrated book containing repetitively descriptive material of an explicitly sexual nature." The Freedom to Read Foundation brought the case before the Supreme Court and filed "a motion asking the Court to consider an amicus brief addressing

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Books are often challenged by concerned parents who desire to protect their children from the themes or content within books, often with more than one reason. From 2010 to 2016, the top three reasons cited for challenging materials as reported to the Office of Intellectual Freedom were:

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challenged books in 2009 and 2011. The novel was considered objectionable because it deals with racial injustice, class systems, gender roles, loss of innocence while discussing violence, rape, incest and authority, while using strong language. In July 1996, the Superintendent of the

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right to receive information. The courts ruled in the Counts’ favor, and the books were restored to the library shelves. This case received national attention, spurring the involvement of both free speech and Christian groups. Children’s book author and First Amendment advocate

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was listed as one of the most banned books, having been compared to pornography and described as sexually inappropriate. When he was writing his second novel, Guterson said it was "always hard to write another book" and that he was "deathly afraid" of having his books banned.

237:, personal letters alluding to any sexual content or information, or any information regarding the above items. The Act not only restrained the distribution of pornography but also the spread of medical journals that held information regarding contraceptives and abortion. In 609:, despite personally protesting to the supervisors, complied with the ban. The ban is said to have been largely a product of the county's reliance upon agriculture, and Knief's compliance, along with a lack of official support from librarians. The ban was rescinded in 1941. 1068:

instructional materials. Opponents of the law claimed that this could disrupt the teachings of science and evolution in the classroom because some proponents of the law had expressed concerns that science classes did not offer a discussion of the “Biblical explanation”.

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stating that "challenges do not simply involve a person expressing a point of view; rather, they are an attempt to remove material from the curriculum or library, thereby restricting the access of others. As such, they are a threat to freedom of speech and choice."

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Since 1990, the Office of Intellectual Freedom has maintained a list of books that have been banned or censored in the United States. This is an incomplete list of books, both fiction and non-fiction, that have been challenged or censored in the United States.

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Association's website has observed that the top three reasons for book censorship in the United States are that: the material was considered to be "sexually explicit", the content contained "offensive language", or the book was "unsuited to any age group." The

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published the first index of forbidden books, which was abolished in 1966. One of the most contentious eras for religious book censorship in the United States was the early 20th century, during a period of particular tension between public libraries and the

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to the Supreme Court by five students who challenged their school board's decision to remove nine books from the school's library, after a challenge came from an organization called Parents of New York United. The Supreme Court ruled that, under the

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in 1976, the court upheld the school district's decision to not allow certain texts to be used in a curriculum, but "found the removal of the books from the library to be unconstitutional, referring to the library as a 'storehouse of knowledge.'"

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to continue being taught at the district high school, but mandated practices that would tell parents what books their children read, ultimately leaving it in the hands of parents to decide what their children should read, rather than the school.

5892: 1193:. It has remained a frequent choice for teaching in English curriculums because of its simplistic nature, but profound message. Nevertheless, the novel appeared on the ALA's top ten most frequently challenged books in 2001, 2003 and 2004. 823:, " circulated petitions and drummed up support wherever he could for the man he believed to be the most significant, unjustly harassed writer of the day." Eventually, five hundred writers signed an Authors' League petition on behalf of 1351:, an American, conservative group. The ALA cites the reasons for censorship as "offensive language, sexually explicit, unsuited to age group". The first case of censorship the book ever witnessed was in 1960 when it was banned in a 3328: 342:

overturned a federal ban of James Joyce’s Ulysses, ruling that although the deposition of sex should be allowed in “serious literature". This remained an important distinction for the Comstock Law until 1957 in the court case of

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Another significant aspect of this time was the resurgence of pro-confederacy sentiment, specifically in the southern states of the USA. A significant result was the attempt and success of banning specific textbooks, led by the

286:, includes graphic details of a childbirth gone awry. This story strays greatly from traditionalist literature, the majority of American literature at the time, which depicted good prevailing over evil. Some cities, including 180:, published in Amsterdam in 1637. That same year, the Puritan government in Quincy, Massachusetts, banned it because they considered it a heretical and harsh critique of Puritan customs and power structures. In October 1650, 9562: 9532: 9437: 1830:, Pilkey included a "subliminal message" that reads "Think for yourself. Question authority. Read banned books! Kids have the same constitutional rights as grown-ups!!! Don’t forget to boycott standardized testing!!!" 9557: 1531:

content," yet censorers provided other stated reasons for challenging the novel, for instance "for conflicting with a religious viewpoint" and “traditional family structure” and potentially "creating confusion."

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The majority of the objections have been over the novel's language, but the book also has mentions of prostitution, sexuality and underage drinking, as cited by the book review published by the organization

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In the United States, books have been challenged for attacking or disagreeing with religious beliefs. Religion has been one of the most common motivators for book censorship throughout history. In 1559,

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sought to ban these books because they fear that the rebellious nature of the characters will lead children to follow them, meaning they will have no respect for their parents, the law or teachers.

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freedom to seek and to express ideas, even those some consider unorthodox or unpopular." The coalition that now sponsors the week each year consists of American Library Association (ALA), the

1446:. They also worried about the social ramifications of their daughter reading texts labeled as “evil” by the district. Ultimately, the courts sided with the Counts and the rule was rescinded. 358:

in 1938 in order to speak out against “growing intolerance, suppression of free speech and censorship affecting the rights of minorities and individuals”. This was revised and adopted by the

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brought religious objectives to witchcraft in literature to the legal stage. After a parent complained that the Harry Potter series promoted the religion of witchcraft and the occult, the

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in 2004 when a group of parents and community members in the school district proposed a set of books that could be read instead of Steinbeck's novel that addressed the same themes as

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has been described as "notorious for its candid sexuality" and as responsible for the "free speech that we now take for granted in literature". It was first published in 1934 by the

9552: 1691: 515:, an essay that lists books that have been banned or challenged on the preceding grounds to raise awareness of why books are censored. A few examples of this type of censorship are 475:

books from the shelves to be reviewed for inappropriate content. Book challenges have even impacted the materials available for purchase in book fairs held in Houston area school.

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stance on all filtering is that it is important for students to go past "the requirements set for by the Federal Communications Commission in its Child Internet Protection Act".

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to censor information that the book revealed, even after it had already been distributed free of changes. Both censored and original copies of the book are in the public domain.

9517: 9512: 9507: 9362: 5491: 1617: 1527:, was reported as the most challenged book in public education according to the American Library Association's annual top ten challenged books. The book was challenged for its " 9497: 9502: 9417: 9392: 7299: 123:

children at a school or all the patrons of a public library – and does not include an individual’s decision that a book is not appropriate for themselves or their dependents.

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was slowly transferred to the municipal authorities that better reflected the demographics of Boston that were "more closely linked to the majority leadership of Boston".

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School boards have frequently been involved in litigation involving the rights of freedom to read, which is considered by some organizations to be encompassed in the

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On ALA's website there is a section of "Banned & Challenged Books" and they release most banned and challenged books every year; however, they also organize

1312:. Koen detailed considerable evidence of this, and it was later corroborated by other scholars. The Chinese Nationalist Party instigated the suppression through 8465: 7193: 6961: 6795: 6451: 2891: 7482: 7049: 6939: 1194: 1060:

was enacted in Tennessee, banning the teaching of evolutionary theories statewide. The topic of evolution has also stirred controversy more recently; a 2017

698:. The suppression was instigated by the Chinese Nationalist Party through their embassy, after they initially threatened a libel suit against the publisher, 3095:. Volume 4: Print in Motion: The Expansion of Publishing and Reading in the United States, 1880–1940. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 276–298. 1254:

curriculum and instead responded to fears of upsetting black students with racial sensitivity training for teachers who used the novel in their classrooms.

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Hart, James (October 23, 2006). "Novels too graphic for some – Hot publishing trend of comic book-type images draws objections from some library patrons".

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books from the library without parental permission, the parents of Dakota Counts filed a lawsuit, claiming that the rule infringed upon their daughter’s

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began their literary careers. These authors did not refrain from revealing their opinions about controversial subject matter. For example, Hemingway's

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Books have been suppressed for their political content by local governments and school districts. In particular books that some perceive to promote

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found that book censorship had increased to unprecedented levels. The report noted that much of the censorship was directed towards books featuring

7448: 7421: 6738: 4880: 4586: 3647: 2033: 3309: 2721: 7796: 7756: 6092: 2008: 1852: 1552:“pervasive vulgarity and racially-insensitive language”. The book was also challenged for depicting drug use, profanity, and offensive language. 899: 382: 5170: 333:" to promote sales throughout the rest of the United States. Eventually, the censorship aroused local opposition. An article in a 1929 issue of 7604: 6522: 6009: 5675: 5556: 671: 1717:, claims that "the ALA has irresponsibly perpetrated the 'banned' books lie for too long" and that "nothing is 'banned'" and Ruth Graham from 1355:

school district and the eleventh grade teacher who had assigned the book was fired because of the questionable content of the book. A case in

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just that: a difference of opinion. Instead of saying 'I don’t think children should read this book,' just add a single word: 'I don’t think

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Decker, James M. (Summer 2007). "Literary Text, Cinematic "Edition": Adaptation, Textual Authority, and the Filming of "Tropic of Cancer"".

1669:." The motion was ultimately denied as the Court ruled that First Amendment rights only applied to "serious literature or political works". 7436: 7033: 6849: 6790: 6373: 6331: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 4279: 788: 4561: 3236: 8560: 8403: 8298: 8043: 7781: 6901: 6812: 6554: 6539: 6421: 2073: 2048: 1699: 1110: 452:, "Local school boards may not remove books from school library shelves simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books". 8386: 7901: 7896: 7886: 7259: 6988: 6236: 5864: 531: 136:

Restriction: limiting access to books or keeping a book in an inaccessible place unless someone gets special permission to view it; and

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in 1922. Despite books not being barred from transmission through the mail, Boston in the 1920s saw the censorship of the magazine,

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However, while the week receives a positive reception, that does not mean it is without criticism. Tom Minnery, vice president of

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derided Dreiser as a "literary Caliban," wallowing in depravity. Many libraries and bookstores refused to stock the book, and the

545:. All of these stories have main characters who disrespect authority and don't live according to societal norms and social rules. 133:

Relocation: moving the specific books to harder-to-access locations within the library, such as creating an "adults only" section;

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and a Dreiser admirer of long standing, threw himself "wholeheartedly into an anti-censorship campaign on behalf of . Along with

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has been one of the most challenged books in the 21st century due to the plot, which focuses on two homosexual penguins in the

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Steele, Jennifer. (2020). A History of Censorship in the United States. Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy. 5. 6–19.

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The Politics of Heroin : CIA complicity in the global drug trade: Afghanistan, Southeast Asia, Central America, Colombia

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Gregory C. Lisby (Spring 2000). ""Trying to Define What May Be Indefinable": The Georgia Literature Commission, 1953–1973".

953: 564:(1884) by Mark Twain was listed by the American Library Association as the 5th most commonly banned book in the U.S. due to 8621: 8518: 8455: 8445: 8328: 8119: 8082: 8011: 7843: 7808: 7359: 7089: 6822: 6593: 6544: 6517: 6441: 6400: 3576: 2307: 1376: 1064:

law (HB 909 Instructional Materials) received criticism for allowing any resident of a county to submit a challenge to any

443: 1189:, first published in 1937, is considered an American classic and listed as the 12th best novel of the 20th century by the 8577: 8565: 8503: 8260: 7751: 7650: 7247: 6906: 6802: 6686: 5457: 2053: 1826: 1138: 368: 3968: 9228: 8550: 8491: 8376: 8371: 8308: 8070: 8031: 7991: 7838: 7791: 7771: 7384: 7011: 7006: 6911: 6859: 6388: 6143: 6002: 5633: 5405: 4856: 4692: 3462: 3100: 3068: 1695: 1682: 1651: 1609: 957: 438: 9309: 8592: 8572: 8523: 8513: 8381: 8303: 8280: 8240: 8104: 8094: 7971: 7946: 7853: 7833: 7311: 7101: 6827: 6209: 4969: 4831: 3945: 2792: 1972: 1269: 655: 9042: 8597: 8543: 8528: 8430: 8265: 7741: 7694: 7689: 7591: 7518: 7218: 6983: 6512: 4894: 4224: 3715: 1687: 1633: 977:. Tango is one of several books that have been censored because of homosexual themes. In 2003, the children's book 731:

was frequently challenged and widely restricted in libraries because of its communist ideas, especially during the

100: 84:

centered on definitions of obscenity and questions about the perceived moral qualities of various books’ content.

8708: 8631: 8420: 8361: 8270: 8161: 8136: 7633: 7623: 7188: 7106: 7044: 7028: 6874: 6869: 6633: 6613: 6603: 6598: 613: 468: 421: 24: 4198: 1620:

resulted in increased efforts to censor it due to it revealing that one of the main characters, Harold, is gay.

9149: 8614: 8288: 8235: 8151: 8141: 8109: 8038: 8026: 7981: 7868: 7766: 7628: 7548: 7538: 7324: 7181: 6884: 6842: 6785: 6559: 6470: 4138:"Ulysses Trial: 1933 – Dictionary definition of Ulysses Trial: 1933 | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary" 3830:

Lingo, Marci (2003). ""Forbidden Fruit: The Banning of "The Grapes of Wrath" in the Kern County Free Library".

3404: 3371: 2156:"Review of The Trials of Thomas Morton: An Anglican Lawyer, His Puritan Foes, and the Battle for a New England" 1420: 624: 541: 5062: 4646: 1137:, a 2010 memoir by U.S. Army intelligence officer Lt. Col Anthony Shaffer, was the subject of attempts by the 8366: 8230: 8146: 8077: 8048: 7986: 7876: 7848: 7492: 6864: 6757: 5995: 3329:"'Teachers are frightened': Hillsborough schools putting restrictions on Shakespeare to avoid sexual content" 2754: 2644: 797: 372: 347:, when the definition became books that were “utterly without redeeming social importance". The power of the 88:

whole. The entity requesting censorship may be an organization, private individual, or government official.

126:

Book censorship can take a number of forms. Scholar Emily Knox specifies four types of "active" censorship:

9302: 8661: 8654: 8587: 8450: 8333: 8255: 8245: 8099: 8060: 8016: 7976: 7933: 7881: 7813: 7786: 7746: 7724: 7533: 7347: 7294: 7227: 7084: 7040: 6968: 6889: 6807: 6618: 6482: 6311: 6219: 6027: 3604:"Pen American Center, Inc., et al. v. Escambia County School District and the Escambia County School Board" 1641: 642: 499: 386: 359: 92: 5327: 4986: 4562:"Utah school board unanimously reversed its decision to remove the Bible off school shelves after appeals" 2226: 1165:(1931), was challenged in some school districts. In 2003, in the South Texas Independent School District, 9052: 8582: 8533: 8348: 8250: 8173: 8055: 7951: 7776: 7761: 7699: 7334: 7289: 7096: 6978: 6832: 1340: 1277: 1273: 1190: 1013: 771: 663: 659: 584:. A parent in a school district in Arizona attempted to have the novel banned in a case that reached the 4028: 920:'s ruling that the book was not obscene marked a change in how the courts viewed obscenities in novels. 9057: 8870: 8486: 8356: 8188: 8168: 8156: 7966: 7956: 7638: 7543: 7156: 7146: 6673: 6668: 6658: 6653: 6175: 4770: 3060: 2512: 2018: 1788: 1646: 1237: 322: 5103: 4542: 2755:"Access to Library Resources and Services for Minors: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights" 9357: 8065: 7371: 7176: 7171: 6733: 6187: 2892:"Censorship Attempts Will Have a Long-lasting Impact on School Library Collections, SLJ Survey Shows" 1636:

exhibit, 1954. The theme of the bicentennial was "Man's Right to Knowledge and the Free Use Thereof".

1113:(NODL), a Catholic group, was created with the goal of preventing the publication of lewd magazines. 792: 4422: 9037: 8178: 7558: 7528: 7523: 7513: 7279: 7235: 7076: 6837: 6623: 6487: 6301: 6241: 4137: 1601: 1044: 928: 856: 781:, like many Midwestern dailies, labeled the novel "a procession of sordid philandering," while the 169: 4510: 871:

denied this form of aesthetic stimulation simply because it is harmful to children and perverts?"

572:

received media attention for publishing an expurgated edition of the work that censored the words

8839: 7672: 7408: 7166: 6133: 3687: 3436: 1246: 961: 746: 719: 596: 379:

but became less powerful after court rulings against it in the 1960s, and was abolished in 1973.

5128: 3491: 3237:"TWISTED SOURCES: How Confederate propaganda ended up in the South's schoolbooks | Facing South" 3110: 139:

Redaction: striking through or covering sections of materials so they cannot be seen by readers.

8922: 8763: 8670: 8124: 7474: 7284: 7264: 7066: 6921: 6716: 6663: 6648: 6492: 6180: 5974: 5747: 5741: 1767: 1450: 1331: 1109:

Lewd and obscene content has also been censored by religious groups. For example, in 1938, the

1000: 852: 679: 521: 453: 355: 354:

After the wave of censorship, Des Moines Public Library director Forrest Spaulding drafted the

348: 298: 210: 5793: 2942: 791:

threatened legal action, leading Dreiser's supporters to issue their own call to arms. Critic

75:

modern-day Quincy, Massachusetts. While specific titles caused bouts of book censorship, with

9208: 9139: 8834: 8323: 8006: 7121: 6678: 6643: 6638: 6581: 6564: 6294: 5044: 5012: 4945:

Dutra, Fernando (September 25, 2006). "U. Connecticut: Banned Book Week celebrates freedom".

4804: 3603: 3056: 2038: 1908: 1859: 1309: 1305: 1223: 969: 749:

in 1981 because it was deemed "pro-communist and contained explicit sexual matter." In 1980,

691: 618: 606: 580: 344: 5868: 5780:

The Federal Mafia: How the Government Illegally Imposes and Unlawfully Collects Income Taxes

5589: 5220: 4719: 4452:"Evidence for the "Slippery Slope" to Censorship: The Story from Florida and Collier County" 4255: 3780: 3049: 168:. What is considered as the first book ban in what is now known as the United States was of 8939: 8795: 8675: 7803: 7677: 7568: 6946: 6378: 6358: 6306: 6256: 6197: 6128: 4919: 4601: 3974: 2863:"Book Challenges in School & Public Libraries: Identifying Frequently Challenged Books" 1979: 1965: 1929: 1880: 1665: 1499: 1443: 1435: 1133: 1093: 991: 944:, but this edition was banned in the United States. Its publication in 1961 in the U.S. by 808: 777: 741: 310: 214: 4683:

Banned in the U.S.A.: A reference guide to book censorship in schools and public libraries

3805: 3024:

Rereading sex: battles over sexual knowledge and suppression in nineteenth-century America

397:

perspectives, and described a growing trend of harassment and intimidation of librarians.

8: 8780: 8701: 8215: 8131: 7941: 7657: 7342: 6973: 6170: 5893:"Pentagon Confirms Destruction Of 9,500 Copies Of Book Containing 'Intelligence Secrets'" 5865:"Library is getting a brand new Beat - Arts & Leisure - International Herald Tribune" 5826: 5708: 5353: 3267: 2256:"New censorship report finds that over 4,000 books were targeted in US libraries in 2023" 1726: 1714: 1348: 646:

from middle school and high school curriculum after parents showed concerns over racism.

601: 417: 401: 334: 318: 261: 218: 3550: 2593: 2393:"From Iowa to Florida, national lawsuits against local book bans begin to gain traction" 1052:

has been challenged and suppressed since its publication in 1859 due to its theories on

50:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

9245: 9154: 7455: 7443: 7161: 7151: 7128: 7111: 6507: 6251: 6246: 6118: 5920: 5298: 4874: 4404: 4179: 4108: 3931: 3910: 3873: 3855: 3847: 3749: 3409: 3376: 3350: 3291: 3190: 3152: 3106: 2837:"A Content Analysis of District School Library Selection Policies in the United States" 2175: 1937: 1805: 1749: 1596: 1483: 1469: 1316:

in Washington, after they had initially threatened a libel suit against the publisher,

605:

from county libraries and schools. The head librarian of the Kern County Free Library,

363:

has become a known proclamation: “The freedom to read is essential to our democracy”.

306: 270: 5443: 4319: 2997: 2696:"Pornography in school libraries? Moms for Liberty shares Ryan Walters' cause célèbre" 2482: 2308:"'Eating away at democracy': book bans in US public schools rise by a third in a year" 9279: 9123: 8954: 8758: 8198: 7354: 6706: 6204: 6123: 6108: 5927: 5844: 5799: 5751: 5689: 5629: 5612: 5564: 5499: 5361: 5175: 4965: 4862: 4852: 4827: 4688: 4681: 4580: 4473: 4408: 4396: 4346: 4183: 4114: 4008: 4002: 3978: 3941: 3859: 3756: 3641: 3156: 3144: 3096: 3064: 3027: 2788: 2729: 2341: 2315: 2167: 2108: 2102: 1951: 1922: 1782: 1678: 1423:

of Texas's "Free People Read Freely" report also cited concerns over sexual content.

876: 812: 783: 326: 283: 1724:

Banned Books Week, but that doesn’t mean everyone is. Maddie Crum, a writer for the

164:

During the 17th century, a typical form of book censorship in the United States was

130:

Removal: abolishing certain books from the library, classroom, or bookstore shelves;

9294: 9263: 9223: 9191: 9022: 8114: 7961: 7667: 7487: 6497: 6338: 6321: 6316: 6155: 5621: 4463: 4388: 4171: 3839: 3182: 3136: 2836: 2068: 1821: 1719: 1573: 1568: 1389: 1381: 1205: 974: 864: 766: 728: 554: 546: 330: 257: 253: 238: 104: 91:

Several professional organizations advocate for the freedom to read, including the

5465: 3051:

Imperiled Innocents: Anthony Comstock and Family Reproduction in Victorian America

2862: 9234: 9017: 9012: 8944: 8934: 7823: 7599: 7497: 7269: 6569: 6502: 6271: 6192: 6138: 5778:, 379 F.3d 621, 630 (9th Cir. 2004), regarding the Court's finding that the book 3964: 3937: 2669: 2013: 1986: 1658:. The case involved an "adult" bookstore owner who was convicted of "violating a 1613: 1563: 1547: 1523: 1495: 1352: 1185: 1166: 1161: 1037: 979: 917: 886: 630: 550: 394: 339: 181: 145: 119: 71: 5948: 5048: 5016: 4808: 4294:"Controversial book removed from Texas middle school after one parent complains" 2916: 2811: 2618: 2130:"How America's First Banned Book Survived and Became an Anti-Authoritarian Icon" 9273: 9240: 9166: 9081: 9076: 9047: 9027: 8860: 8775: 8694: 8293: 8193: 7576: 6711: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6363: 6226: 6160: 1887: 1762: 1479: 1317: 1232: 1180: 1049: 984: 840: 699: 569: 516: 279: 265: 108: 2565:"Williamson County library backs 'Banned Book Week' after schools remove book" 200:

is often referred to and even considered the "first book burning in America".

9577: 9171: 8979: 8949: 8897: 7274: 6574: 6383: 6018: 5726: 5568: 5503: 5365: 4477: 4468: 4451: 4400: 3577:"Florida county school district sued by largest U.S. publisher over book ban" 3148: 2733: 2319: 2171: 2078: 2043: 1993: 1944: 1901: 1385: 1336: 1156: 933: 803: 736: 302: 230: 226: 197: 5947:

Prados, John; Meadows, Eddie; Burr, William; Evans, Michael (June 5, 2001).

5651:"During Banned Books Week, Readers Explore What It Means To Challenge Texts" 5413: 4866: 4376: 3173:

Boyer, Paul S. (January 1, 1963). "Boston Book Censorship in the Twenties".

1663:

constitutional questions posed by the new three-prong test for obscenity in

1572:

is a young adult dystopian novel that tells a story from the perspective of

1304:

trafficking by the Chinese Nationalist Party – then the ruling party of the

9283: 9144: 8892: 8877: 8807: 8790: 7581: 7553: 6608: 4392: 4038: 3463:"Free Speech on the Docket: Minarcini V. Strongsville City School District" 1628: 1605: 1542: 1415: 1410: 1356: 1073: 1032: 1005: 999:, is on the American Library Association's list of the 100 Most Frequently 996: 923: 891: 836: 828: 820: 750: 314: 244:

The banning of books became more prevalent during the twentieth century as

205: 165: 5625: 4175: 4060:

Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius

3843: 3140: 2366: 1396:

to study governmental operations with respect to intelligence activities.

1076:

series have also been challenged because of perceptions that they promote

9086: 8996: 8907: 8882: 8844: 8829: 8748: 8741: 8731: 7858: 7389: 6726: 6628: 6368: 6231: 5987: 5881:. International Herald Tribune (March 29, 2009). Retrieved on 2012-01-21. 4543:"A Utah school district has removed the Bible from some schools' shelves" 3127:

Donaldson, Scott (October 1, 2014). "Censorship and A Farewell to Arms".

2722:"Who's Behind the Escalating Push to Ban Books? A New Report Has Answers" 2282:"American Library Association report says book challenges soared in 2023" 2023: 1958: 1487: 1293: 1289: 945: 881: 860: 844: 832: 675: 275: 249: 5386:"Marking 25 years of Banned Books Week: an interview with Judith Krug". 4625:

The Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association.

4027:

The Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association

3851: 3295: 3263:"Georgia created the nation's first censorship board 61 years ago today" 2179: 2155: 1120:

parent submitted a complaint to their child's school district about the

757:

which was found to be fraudulent by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

9161: 8865: 8802: 8736: 6721: 6527: 6353: 6348: 6266: 5739: 4851:. Harris, Steven R. (Steven Robert). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 4232: 3628:

ProPublica, Jeremy Schwartz, The Texas Tribune and (October 11, 2023).

3194: 1915: 1800: 1744: 1659: 1591: 1503: 1482:

removed from the Marshall Public Library. The book addresses themes of

1281: 1228: 1103: 1077: 1057: 848: 687: 536: 20: 9032: 5171:"'Captain Underpants' banned from school book fair over gay character" 1012:. The novel was published in 1966 and was joint winner of that year's 960:

declared the book non-obscene. It is regarded as an important work of

9176: 9106: 8927: 8917: 8824: 8817: 8812: 8785: 8210: 8203: 3662:"About Banned & Challenged Books | Banned & Challenged Books" 3212:"Library Bill of Rights and Freedom to Read Statement Pamphlet | ALA" 1866: 1518: 1053: 987:

school system due to the book's representation of same-sex families.

949: 732: 724: 714: 710: 706: 526: 329:. The rise of censorship in Boston led to books being advertised as " 245: 103:. Organizations that advocate for removing books from access include 5774:, 2008-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) paragr. 50,111 (9th Cir. 2007), citing 5618:

A Reference Guide to Book Censorship in Schools and Public Libraries

5270: 3186: 902:, because of a scene that involved masturbation, first published in 9186: 9098: 9091: 8989: 8962: 8902: 8886: 8770: 6393: 6343: 5676:"Captain Underpants' Dav Pilkey on Being Banned for No Good Reason" 3581: 3405:"Shakespeare's 'Sublimely, Disturbingly Smutty Effect' Must Endure" 1894: 1474: 1085: 1065: 1018: 189: 5245: 3661: 3091:

Boyer, Paul S. (2009). "The Shifting Rhythms of Book Censorship".

1933:, withdrawn from sale by the publisher after being labeled obscene 8984: 8974: 8967: 8753: 5157:"Banned Books 2019 – the Adventures of Captain Underpants Series" 4849:

Censorship of expression in the 1980s : a statistical survey

3333: 2195:"The history of book bans—and their changing targets—in the U.S." 2104:

Censorship and Selection: Issues and Answers for Schools. Revised

1873: 1703: 1491: 1061: 636: 400:

In August 2023, restrictions have been placed on the teaching of

234: 222: 4318:. Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Archived from 995:, a science fiction short story and subsequent novel written by 36: 9196: 5193: 1380:(1974), written by former CIA and Department of State officers 1301: 1285: 1081: 941: 695: 574: 565: 287: 193: 5922:

Banned Books : Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds

5557:"John Green fights back against banning of Looking for Alaska" 2645:"Books for All: Protect the Freedom to Read in Your Community" 9218: 9201: 9116: 9111: 8912: 4602:"Secrecy News: Behind the Censorship of Operation Dark Heart" 4225:"Celebrate Banned Books Week: Read Now, Before It's Too Late" 3492:"Island Trees Sch. Dist. v. Pico by Pico 457 U.S. 853 (1982)" 2787:. United States: American Library Association. pp. 6–7. 1121: 1009: 937: 5129:"Banned Spotlight: The Hate U Give | Banned Books Week" 4231:. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Archived from 3310:"Book ban efforts surging in 2022, library association says" 2339: 9213: 8717: 5727:"Books: A- I That Have Been Censored, Banned or Challenged" 4826:(Rev. ed.). New York: Facts On File. pp. 96–100. 3874:"California School District Considers Ban on Classic Books" 2598:

The Free Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University

2059:

List of most commonly challenged books in the United States

1840:

List of most commonly challenged books in the United States

1528: 1117: 390: 1170:

automatically offer an alternative to a challenged book."

890:

were seized by the United States Postal Service under the

686:

of the US Government, and about heroin trafficking by the

426:

Evans v. Selma Union High School District of Fresno County

3806:"FindLaw's United States Ninth Circuit case and opinions" 3630:"Book bans in Texas spread as new state law takes effect" 1623: 1097:

challenge, saying that the rule obstructed their child's

717:

have a history of being suppressed in the United States.

8686: 4058:

The censorship battle is recounted in Edward de Grazia,

2064:

List of proposed anti-gay book bans in the United States

1576:, a 16-year-old living under a strict dictatorship in a 511:

social grounds in the United States. Dawn Sova authored

4423:"Tennessee Anti-evolution Statute – UMKC School of Law" 3026:(1. Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vinatage Books. 2227:"The History (and Present) of Banning Books in America" 1367: 1257: 404:

by Florida teachers in order to comply with state law.

5946: 5843:. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell. 1978. p. 326. 5063:"Case Study: Fun Home | Comic Book Legal Defense Fund" 1438:

School District prohibited students from checking out

488:

The material was considered to be "sexually explicit".

4280:

The 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999

1780:

Jason Reynolds cowrote two of the young adult novels—

9324: 5949:"The Pentagon Papers: Secrets, Lies, and Audiotapes" 5526:"This Is Why You Should Celebrate Banned Books Week" 5458:"Focus on the Family Exposes the "Banned" Books Lie" 5406:"Banned Books Week: Celebrating the Freedom to Read" 586:

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

494:

The material was "unsuited for a certain age group".

2619:"Freedom to Teach: Statement against Banning Books" 2029:

Censorship of school curricula in the United States

1692:

American Booksellers foundation for Free Expression

910:was then the subject of a court challenge in 1933, 5940: 5919: 5857: 5764: 5740:Grannis, Chandler B.; Haight, Anne (Lyon) (1978). 5733: 5611: 4680: 3748: 3048: 1650:November 20, 1969, the association made its first 666:successfully sought to suppress an academic work, 471:and the Escambia County School Board in May 2023. 385:has occurred since 2021. In 2022, a report by the 4895:"100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999" 4771:"Banned 35 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee" 1268:, by scholar Ross Y. Koen, was suppressed by the 9575: 7422:Native American recognition in the United States 5440:American Association of School Librarians (AASL) 5221:"Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books Lists" 5003:"Banned and Challenged Books in Texas Schools". 4720:"Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books Lists" 4511:"Harry Potter Beats His Foes – Again – CBS News" 4256:"Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books Lists" 4199:"Book Review: A Dirty Young Man And How He Grew" 3781:"Top Ten Most Frequently Challenged Books Lists" 3355:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3281: 2034:Censorship of student media in the United States 590:Monteiro v. The Tempe Union High School District 5841:The People's Almanac Presents The Book of Lists 3337:. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023 5719: 5271:"History of FTRF – Freedom to Read Foundation" 4959: 4560:Mossburg, Kevin Flower,Cheri (June 21, 2023). 4377:"A History of Censorship in the United States" 2340:American Library Association (June 13, 2008). 431:Minarcini v. Strongsville City School District 9310: 8702: 7819:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 6003: 5188: 5186: 4456:Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy 4381:Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy 4375:Steele, Jennifer Elaine (November 12, 2020). 3320: 3260: 3084: 2834: 1833: 297:Boston became a hub of censorship due to the 114: 5791: 4879:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4585:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4291: 4062:(New York: Random House, 1992), pp. 114–125. 3906:"Suppressed China Book Sees the Light Again" 3646:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3396: 3363: 2420:"A Brief History of Banned Books in America" 2127: 1987:United States – Vietnam Relations: 1945–1967 1583: 1056:, though not until 1925 in the US, when the 789:New York Society for the Suppression of Vice 616:in California removed from required reading 595:In August 1939, the Board of Supervisors of 491:The material contained "offensive language". 188:, was criticized and promptly burned by the 5782:constituted "fraudulent commercial speech." 3437:"Evans V. Selma Union High School District" 3402: 3369: 2074:National Organization for Decent Literature 2049:Campbell v. St. Tammany Parish School Board 2009:2021–2023 book banning in the United States 1853:Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian 1733: 1700:American Society of Journalists and Authors 1555: 1111:National Organization for Decent Literature 371:. Their purpose was largely to promote the 9317: 9303: 8709: 8695: 6017: 6010: 5996: 5299:"Kaplan v. California 413 U.S. 115 (1973)" 5183: 5143:"Why is 'The Hunger Games' a Banned Book?" 4960:Marchetti, Victor; Marks, John D. (1974). 4824:Literature suppressed on political grounds 4343:Literature Suppressed on Religious Grounds 4190: 4155: 4004:Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds 3627: 2835:Dawkins, April M; Eidson, Emily C (2021). 2719: 2642: 2442: 2440: 2417: 2128:Magazine, Smithsonian; Connolly, Colleen. 1399: 437:Censorship has also been addressed by the 7432:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 5917: 5798:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 108–109. 5785: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5485: 5483: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5293: 5291: 5246:"About FTRF – Freedom to Read Foundation" 4821: 4687:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. xx. 4599: 4467: 4000: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3326: 3126: 2537:Ferri, Catherine E. (February 26, 2024). 2192: 1708:American Association of School Librarians 1323: 1288:. The book is about the influence of the 1106:filed a brief supporting the plaintiffs. 478: 5609: 4678: 4639:"Radcliffe's Rival 100 Best Novels List" 4600:Aftergood, Steven (September 29, 2010). 4559: 3959: 3957: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3486: 3484: 3403:Lichtenberg, Drew (September 10, 2023). 3290:(1). Georgia Historical Society: 72–97. 3168: 3166: 3122: 3120: 3021: 2968:"Banned books | Freedom Forum Institute" 2812:"Banned Books Home – Marshall Libraries" 2720:Pendharkar, Eesha (September 19, 2022). 2249: 2247: 2100: 1627: 1215: 913:United States v. One Book Called Ulysses 294:in 1929, labeling the book "salacious." 155: 16:Censorship of books in the United States 7483:List of counties and county equivalents 5884: 5819: 5795:Literature suppressed on sexual grounds 5649:Blair, Elizabeth (September 30, 2021). 5351: 4110:Literature Suppressed on Sexual Grounds 4095:Modernism and the Theater of Censorship 3903: 3751:Literature Suppressed on Social Grounds 3417:from the original on September 10, 2023 2693: 2623:National Council of Teachers of English 2506: 2504: 2449:"Op-ed: MassResistance continues fight" 2446: 2437: 2305: 983:was removed from the curriculum of the 513:Literature Suppressed on Social Grounds 186:The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption 97:National Council of Teachers of English 9576: 5891:Singh, Tejinder (September 28, 2010). 5703: 5701: 5699: 5543: 5489: 5480: 5316: 5288: 5030: 5028: 5026: 4984: 4768: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4633: 4631: 4540: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4445: 4443: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4308: 4273: 4196: 4161: 4132: 4130: 3892: 3774: 3772: 3716:"Schools and Censorship: Banned Books" 3574: 3517:"Island Trees School District v. Pico" 3467:American Civil Liberties Union of Ohio 3206: 3204: 3046: 3040: 2885: 2883: 2830: 2828: 2806: 2804: 2778: 2776: 2418:Magazine, Smithsonian; Klimek, Chris. 2367:"The Freedom to Read | ACLU of Oregon" 1624:Organizations opposing book censorship 9298: 8690: 5991: 5890: 5648: 5554: 5218: 5101: 4944: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4345:. New York, New York: Facts on File. 4253: 4222: 4216: 3996: 3994: 3963: 3954: 3918: 3878:National Coalition Against Censorship 3829: 3778: 3755:. New York, New York: Facts on File. 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3710: 3708: 3685: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3481: 3370:Lichtenberg, Drew (August 13, 2023). 3172: 3163: 3117: 3090: 2587: 2585: 2536: 2279: 2244: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2153: 1803:is the author and illustrator of the 1394:United States Senate select committee 463:– identified by the lawsuit as 325:, and the published text of the play 9584:Book censorship in the United States 5926:. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. 5743:Banned books, 387 B. C. to 1978 A. D 5523: 5104:"Top 10 Most Challenged Books Lists" 5086: 4962:The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence 4920:"The Catcher in the Rye Book Review" 4449: 4340: 4316:"Past Winners of SWFA Nebula Awards" 4106: 4075:(New York: Scribners, 1992), p. 112. 3933:The China Lobby in American Politics 3929: 3904:Whitman, Alden (December 10, 1974). 3746: 3384:from the original on August 13, 2023 2940: 2782: 2674:the American Booksellers Association 2591: 2562: 2510: 2501: 2306:Creamer, Ella (September 22, 2023). 2096: 2094: 1789:Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You 1672: 1472:attempted to have the graphic novel 1428:Counts v. Cedarville School District 1369:The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence 1266:The China Lobby in American Politics 1259:The China Lobby in American Politics 1204:A case against the novella began in 668:The China Lobby in American Politics 461:Island Trees School District v. Pico 444:Island Trees School District v. Pico 221:to send any of the following items: 48:about Carceral censorship in the US. 30: 5696: 5603: 5524:Crum, Maddie (September 28, 2015). 5490:Graham, Ruth (September 28, 2015). 5412:. December 20, 2012. Archived from 5352:Samuels, Dorothy (April 14, 2009). 5023: 4701: 4661: 4628: 4529: 4484: 4440: 4359: 4247: 4127: 3769: 3261:Niraj Chokshi (February 19, 2014). 3201: 2880: 2825: 2801: 2785:Foundations of Intellectual Freedom 2773: 2453:News and Sentinel (Parkersburg, WV) 2054:List of books banned by governments 1838:For a more comprehensive list, see 1827:The Adventures of Super Diaper Baby 1434:books in public schools. After the 369:United Daughters of the Confederacy 278:, and the story of the two lovers, 13: 5975:"Banned & Challenged Classics" 5955:. The George Washington University 5746:. New York: R. R. Bowker. p. 5108:Advocacy, Legislation & Issues 5037:Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom 5005:Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom 4987:"The Marchetti Case: New Case Law" 4846: 4797:Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom 4752:Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom 4738: 4100: 3991: 3733: 3705: 3534: 3327:Patterson, Jeff (August 8, 2023). 3022:Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz (2003). 2694:Jacques, Melissa (April 8, 2024). 2643:CARMICHAEL, J (October 11, 2023). 2582: 2563:Gadd, Chris (September 19, 2022). 2253: 2211: 2193:Blakemore, Erin (April 24, 2023). 2147: 2121: 1814:children should read this book.'" 1696:Association of American Publishers 1683:Association of American Publishers 1600:is a twelve-book-long illustrated 1535: 1249:, in 2008, who objected to having 1173: 1149: 402:Shakespearean plays and literature 107:, No Left Turn for Education, and 14: 9600: 9325:Book censorship in North America 6828:Director of National Intelligence 5442:. October 1, 2012. Archived from 4606:Federation of American Scientists 4223:Baron, Dennis (October 1, 2009). 3551:"Board of Educ. v. Pico | US Law" 2889: 2860: 2592:Webb, Susan L. (August 8, 2023). 2225:Brady, Amy (September 22, 2016). 2091: 1973:Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark 1775: 1757: 1453:in 2007, a parent asked that the 1408:The seven-novel series featuring 956:in the early 1960s. In 1964, the 192:government. This book burning in 9438:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9278: 9269: 9268: 9258: 6984:Government Accountability Office 5967: 5911: 5833: 5682: 5668: 5642: 5582: 5517: 5450: 5428: 5398: 5379: 5345: 5263: 5238: 5212: 5163: 5149: 5135: 5121: 5095: 5080: 5055: 4996: 4978: 4953: 4938: 4912: 4887: 4840: 4750:"Censorship Dateline: Schools". 3284:The Georgia Historical Quarterly 3111:10.5149/9781469625829_kaestle.21 3093:A History of the Book in America 2917:"Legislation of Concern in 2023" 2447:Schaper, Arthur (May 20, 2023). 2342:"First Amendment and Censorship" 1688:American Booksellers Association 1634:Columbia University Bicentennial 1604:series that revolves around two 1377:CIA and the Cult of Intelligence 416:. Some legal cases have reached 407: 248:and progressive writers such as 101:American Booksellers Association 35: 9589:Censorship in the United States 9259: 5918:Karolides, Nicholas J. (2006). 5328:"Banned & Challenged Books" 5326:Anonymous (December 10, 2012). 4947:The America's Intelligence Wire 4822:Karolides, Nicholas J. (2006). 4815: 4788: 4762: 4619: 4593: 4553: 4450:Otto, Eric C. (April 9, 2018). 4415: 4334: 4285: 4197:Meisel, Perry (June 23, 1991). 4087: 4078: 4065: 4052: 4043: 4032: 4021: 3866: 3823: 3798: 3679: 3654: 3621: 3596: 3568: 3509: 3455: 3429: 3302: 3275: 3254: 3229: 3015: 2990: 2960: 2947:UMN Libraries News & Events 2934: 2909: 2854: 2747: 2713: 2687: 2662: 2636: 2611: 2556: 2530: 2475: 2466: 2411: 2385: 2359: 2280:Smith, Tovia (March 14, 2024). 1706:, social media, and games. The 1632:A display on banned books at a 1468:In October 2006, a resident of 874:Copies of the literary journal 690:, then the ruling party of the 614:Burbank Unified School District 532:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 469:Escambia County School District 422:United States courts of appeals 160:New English Canaan's title page 25:Censorship in the United States 8627:Separation of church and state 6843:National Reconnaissance Office 6786:President of the United States 5492:"Banned Books Week Is a Crock" 5043:(5): 205–206. September 2007. 4541:Wilson, Tilda (June 2, 2023). 4292:Jodi Mathews (June 22, 1999). 3936:(Reprint ed.). New York: 3575:Picchi, Aimee (May 17, 2023). 3372:"Make Shakespeare Dirty Again" 2943:"America's first banned book?" 2941:Good, Anne (October 9, 2023). 2546:Stanford Technology Law Review 2333: 2299: 2273: 2186: 1430:dealt with the banning of the 1421:American Civil Liberties Union 625:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 562:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 542:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 467:– was filed against the 274:depicts the grim realities of 1: 5953:The National Security Archive 5690:"Happy Birthday, Dav Pilkey!" 5555:Coles, Amy (April 26, 2016). 5410:Banned & Challenged Books 5332:Banned & Challenged Books 5225:Banned & Challenged Books 4260:Banned & Challenged Books 3977:. pp. 173–179, 353–354. 3973:(Revised ed.). Chicago: 3785:Banned & Challenged Books 3692:Banned & Challenged Books 2085: 1795: 1738: 1004:libraries, including some in 798:Los Angeles Times Book Review 674:, about the influence of the 9563:United States Virgin Islands 9182:Conservation and restoration 6989:Government Publishing Office 6457:Technological and industrial 5792:Dawn B. Sova (August 2006). 5035:"Success Stories: Schools". 4899:American Library Association 4795:"Success Stories: Schools". 4724:American Library Association 2759:American Library Association 2649:American Library Association 2511:Wood, Sarah (May 17, 2022). 2487:American Library Association 2346:American Library Association 1642:American Library Association 1280:at the behest of the ruling 1025: 954:American laws on pornography 649: 643:Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry 500:American Library Association 387:American Library Association 360:American Library Association 313:, as well as novels such as 93:American Library Association 7: 8461:Women's reproductive health 7427:Federally recognized tribes 7290:Public utilities commission 7194:Public Health Service Corps 7097:Code of Federal Regulations 6979:Congressional Budget Office 6833:Central Intelligence Agency 6739:Water supply and sanitation 6166:Declaration of Independence 4113:. New York: Facts on File. 4007:. New York: Facts on File. 3720:People for the American Way 3555:Legal Information Institute 3129:Studies in American Fiction 3047:Beisel, Nicola Kay (1997). 2867:University of Northern Iowa 2001: 1461: 1341:Radcliffe Publishing Course 1278:Federal Bureau of Narcotics 1274:Central Intelligence Agency 1191:Radcliffe Publishing Course 1144: 1127: 1014:Nebula Award for Best Novel 775:(1915) were mixed at best. 664:Federal Bureau of Narcotics 660:Central Intelligence Agency 599:passed a resolution to ban 459:A federal lawsuit based on 439:United States Supreme Court 10: 9605: 7639:Red states and blue states 7544:City commission government 7539:Council–manager government 5610:Foerstel, Herbert (2002). 4769:Harker, ST (August 2015). 4296:. firstamendmentcenter.org 3061:Princeton University Press 2019:Books in the United States 1837: 1834:List of other banned books 1647:Freedom to Read Foundation 1510: 1238:Moss Point School District 1072:Fantasy works such as the 465:Board of Education v. Pico 151: 115:Definition and terminology 18: 9538:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 9456: 9330: 9254: 9132: 9066: 9005: 8853: 8724: 8716: 8648: 8474: 8347: 8279: 7932: 7928: 7919: 7867: 7732: 7723: 7619: 7590: 7567: 7506: 7473: 7464: 7407: 7395:Comparison of governments 7370: 7333: 7310: 7226: 7206: 7137: 7075: 6997: 6920: 6778: 6769: 6765: 6756: 6478: 6469: 6414: 6374:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 6215:drafting and ratification 6188:Articles of Confederation 6101: 6035: 6026: 4001:Karolidas, Jason (2006). 2783:Knox, Emily J.M. (2022). 2513:"Book Bans: What to Know" 2160:Early American Literature 1640:Established in 1876, the 1517:In 2018, 2019, and 2020, 1282:Chinese Nationalist Party 1240:in Mississippi announced 880:containing episodes from 793:Willard Huntington Wright 760: 688:Chinese Nationalist Party 505: 383:A wave of book censorship 9558:Turks and Caicos Islands 8414:Prescription drug prices 7534:Mayor–council government 7524:Coterminous municipality 7514:Consolidated city-county 7280:Agriculture commissioner 6930:House of Representatives 6838:National Security Agency 6488:Contiguous United States 5590:"Snow Falling on Cedars" 5219:admin (March 26, 2013). 5102:admin (March 26, 2013). 4985:Warner, John S. (1977). 4847:B., Harer, John (1994). 4803:(3): 117–118. May 2008. 4469:10.5860/jifp.v2i3-4.6481 4254:admin (March 26, 2013). 4097:. Oxford UP, 1996, p. 66 3779:admin (March 26, 2013). 3686:admin (March 26, 2013). 3521:Bill of Rights Institute 2972:www.newseuminstitute.org 2850:: 1–27 – via ERIC. 2517:US News and World Report 2101:Reichman, Henry (1993). 1734:Voices of banned authors 1045:On the Origin of Species 857:Edwin Arlington Robinson 8840:Collection (publishing) 8764:Illuminated manuscripts 8499:Criticism of government 7844:Social welfare programs 7437:State-recognized tribes 6422:Outline of U.S. history 6134:Continental Association 5776:United States v. Schiff 5772:United States v. Schiff 4679:Foerstel, H.N. (2002). 4341:Bald, Margaret (2006). 3469:. ACLU. August 30, 1976 3002:Encyclopedia Britannica 2844:School Library Research 1247:Cherry Hill, New Jersey 962:20th-century literature 795:, former editor of the 747:Jackson County, Florida 720:The Communist Manifesto 612:In September 2020, the 597:Kern County, California 454:Justice William Brennan 323:Lady Chatterley's Lover 9488:British Virgin Islands 8561:Environmental movement 8404:Health insurance costs 8299:Educational attainment 7824:Federal Reserve System 7782:Science and technology 7285:Insurance commissioner 6823:Intelligence Community 6518:minor outlying islands 6281:Civil rights movement 5436:"Filtering in Schools" 4645:. 1998. Archived from 4393:10.5860/jifp.v5i1.7208 3930:Koen, Ross Y. (1974). 2896:School Library Journal 2861:Blunt, Johnnie Romon. 2107:. Chicago: ALA Books. 1768:Snow Falling on Cedars 1637: 1578:post-apocalyptic world 1502:life, and the role of 1451:Lawrenceville, Georgia 1361:The Catcher in the Rye 1332:The Catcher in the Rye 1325:The Catcher in the Rye 522:The Catcher in the Rye 479:Reasons for censorship 356:Library Bill of Rights 349:Watch and Ward Society 299:Watch and Ward Society 211:United States Congress 203:On March 3, 1873, the 161: 46:is missing information 9428:Saint Kitts and Nevis 9209:Intellectual property 8835:Volume (bibliography) 8387:Immigrant health care 7902:Transportation safety 7897:Transportation policy 7887:Public transportation 6957:President pro tempore 6813:Executive departments 6582:National Park Service 6237:Territorial evolution 5895:. AHN. Archived from 5827:"Banned Books Online" 5770:See also footnote 1, 5709:"Banned Books Online" 5626:10.5040/9798400616396 5613:"Banned in the U.S.A" 5131:. September 30, 2020. 5011:(2): 51. March 2005. 4926:. Focus on the Family 4176:10.1353/lit.2007.0029 3844:10.1353/lac.2003.0069 3832:Libraries and Culture 3316:. September 16, 2022. 3141:10.1353/saf.1991.0026 3057:Princeton, New Jersey 2286:National Public Radio 2039:Comics Code Authority 1860:And Tango Makes Three 1631: 1444:Constitutional rights 1306:military dictatorship 1251:To Kill a Mockingbird 1242:To Kill a Mockingbird 1224:To Kill a Mockingbird 1217:To Kill a Mockingbird 1038:Roman Catholic Church 970:And Tango Makes Three 900:in 1921 for obscenity 692:military dictatorship 619:To Kill a Mockingbird 159: 8556:Environmental issues 8221:Political ideologies 8120:Indigenous languages 7320:List of legislatures 7117:separation of powers 6818:Independent agencies 6744:World Heritage Sites 6379:September 11 attacks 6302:Spanish–American War 6242:Mexican–American War 6198:Confederation period 6129:Continental Congress 5678:. September 3, 2015. 5446:on October 31, 2016. 4649:on November 20, 2016 4142:www.encyclopedia.com 3975:Chicago Review Press 3940:. pp. ix–xxii. 2424:Smithsonian Magazine 2373:. September 20, 2013 2154:Cohen, Matt (2021). 2134:Smithsonian Magazine 1966:Operation Dark Heart 1881:The Canterbury Tales 1666:Miller v. California 1656:Kaplan v. California 1500:dysfunctional family 1436:Cedarville, Arkansas 1359:in 1996 allowed for 1300:. It also documents 1199:Banned in the U.S.A. 1159:'s dystopian novel, 1134:Operation Dark Heart 1090:Counts v. Cedarville 992:Flowers for Algernon 967:The children's book 778:The Kansas City Star 742:Nineteen Eighty-Four 418:state supreme courts 345:Roth v United States 311:The American Mercury 215:Grant administration 9443:Trinidad and Tobago 9338:Antigua and Barbuda 8399:Health care finance 7892:Rail transportation 7658:Imperial presidency 7380:State constitutions 7325:List of legislators 7275:Auditor/Comptroller 7248:Lieutenant governor 6974:Library of Congress 6865:Diplomatic Security 6508:Indian reservations 6171:American Revolution 5899:on January 19, 2012 5530:The Huffington Post 5468:on October 30, 2010 5462:www.charitywire.com 5416:on December 2, 2016 5200:. February 22, 2013 5179:. October 27, 2015. 4758:(5): 177–178. 2005. 4107:Sova, Dawn (2006). 4073:Alias S.S. Van Dine 3747:Sova, Dawn (2006). 3268:The Washington Post 3241:www.facingsouth.org 2670:"Banned Books Week" 2198:National Geographic 1715:Focus on the Family 1349:Focus on the Family 1195:Herbert N. Foerstel 952:trials that tested 602:The Grapes of Wrath 335:The Harvard Crimson 319:An American Tragedy 262:F. Scott Fitzgerald 219:U.S. Postal Service 9378:Dominican Republic 9246:World Book Capital 8509:affirmative action 8482:Capital punishment 8441:Poverty and health 8436:Physician shortage 8409:Health care prices 8339:Standard of living 8022:standard of living 7829:Financial position 7456:Hawaiian home land 7444:Indian reservation 7417:Tribal sovereignty 7260:Secretary of state 7129:United States Code 7045:Territorial courts 7017:Associate Justices 6902:Inspector generals 6389:War in Afghanistan 6252:Reconstruction era 6119:Stamp Act Congress 5358:The New York Times 5145:. October 2, 2020. 4203:The New York Times 4164:College Literature 3911:The New York Times 3880:. December 4, 2020 3410:The New York Times 3377:The New York Times 3175:American Quarterly 2489:. October 25, 2016 2399:. January 11, 2024 1938:Looking for Alaska 1819:Captain Underpants 1806:Captain Underpants 1750:Looking for Alaska 1652:U.S. Supreme Court 1638: 1597:Captain Underpants 1585:Captain Underpants 1484:sexual orientation 1470:Marshall, Missouri 1298:federal government 1139:Defense Department 745:was challenged in 307:Simon Called Peter 292:A Farewell to Arms 271:A Farewell to Arms 209:was passed by the 174:New English Canaan 162: 9571: 9570: 9460:other territories 9292: 9291: 9124:Coffee table book 8955:Bookworm (insect) 8684: 8683: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8610:National security 8319:Income inequality 8199:Statue of Liberty 8002:income inequality 7915: 7914: 7907:Trucking industry 7719: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7646:Foreign relations 7634:Electoral College 7615: 7614: 7403: 7402: 7355:District attorney 7202: 7201: 7029:Courts of appeals 6752: 6751: 6465: 6464: 6406:COVID-19 pandemic 6359:Feminist Movement 6205:American frontier 6124:Thirteen Colonies 5981:. March 26, 2013. 5933:978-0-8160-6270-6 5850:978-0-553-11150-7 5805:978-0-8160-6272-0 5757:978-0-8352-1078-2 5388:Curriculum Review 5176:Los Angeles Times 4352:978-0-8160-6269-0 4120:978-0-8160-3305-8 4049:Lingeman, p. 120. 4014:978-0-8160-3304-1 3984:978-1-55652-483-7 3762:978-0-8160-3303-4 3634:The Texas Tribune 3033:978-0-375-70186-3 2483:"Banned Book FAQ" 2397:Los Angeles Times 2114:978-0-8389-0798-6 1980:Uncle Tom's Cabin 1952:My Life and Loves 1923:The Federal Mafia 1783:All American Boys 1679:Banned Books Week 1673:Banned Books Week 1116:In March 2023, a 904:The Little Review 877:The Little Review 813:John Cowper Powys 784:Milwaukee Journal 498:According to the 327:Strange Interlude 284:Catherine Barkley 77:Uncle Tom’s Cabin 69: 68: 9596: 9528:Saint Barthélemy 9458:Dependencies and 9331:Sovereign states 9319: 9312: 9305: 9296: 9295: 9282: 9272: 9271: 9262: 9261: 9192:History of books 8711: 8704: 8697: 8688: 8687: 8664: 8657: 8544:African American 8426:Health insurance 8314:Household income 8184:National symbols 8115:American English 8088:Federal holidays 7997:household income 7930: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7730: 7729: 7668:Anti-Americanism 7592:Special district 7519:Independent city 7488:County executive 7471: 7470: 7265:Attorney general 7224: 7223: 7213:Federal District 6796:Executive Office 6776: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6523:populated places 6503:federal enclaves 6498:federal district 6476: 6475: 6339:American Century 6322:Great Depression 6317:Roaring Twenties 6277:Women's suffrage 6156:Halifax Resolves 6149:Founding Fathers 6144:military history 6109:Pre-colonial era 6033: 6032: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5982: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5925: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5867:. Archived from 5861: 5855: 5854: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5789: 5783: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5705: 5694: 5693: 5692:. March 4, 2020. 5686: 5680: 5679: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5615: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5552: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5487: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5464:. Archived from 5454: 5448: 5447: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5190: 5181: 5180: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5089:Kansas City Star 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5032: 5021: 5020: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4878: 4870: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4747: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4726:. March 26, 2013 4716: 4699: 4698: 4686: 4676: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4635: 4626: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4584: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4538: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4517:. April 23, 2003 4507: 4482: 4481: 4471: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4372: 4357: 4356: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4063: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4018: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3965:McCoy, Alfred W. 3961: 3952: 3951: 3938:Harper & Row 3927: 3916: 3915: 3901: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3754: 3744: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3645: 3637: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3608: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3547: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3488: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3354: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3170: 3161: 3160: 3124: 3115: 3114: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3054: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2978:on June 11, 2017 2974:. 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1574:Katniss Everdeen 1569:The Hunger Games 1557:The Hunger Games 1390:Church Committee 1382:Victor Marchetti 1270:State Department 1206:Normal, Illinois 1197:, the author of 975:Central Park Zoo 929:Tropic of Cancer 865:Booth Tarkington 767:Theodore Dreiser 729:Friedrich Engels 684:executive branch 656:State Department 547:Holden Caulfield 331:Banned in Boston 258:Ernest Hemingway 254:Theodore Dreiser 239:Washington, D.C. 105:Moms for Liberty 99:(NCTE), and the 64: 61: 55: 39: 31: 9604: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9567: 9461: 9459: 9452: 9326: 9323: 9293: 9288: 9250: 9235:The Philobiblon 9128: 9062: 9001: 8849: 8796:limited edition 8720: 8715: 8685: 8680: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8636: 8622:Opioid epidemic 8539:Native American 8519:intersex rights 8470: 8466:Life expectancy 8456:Medical deserts 8446:Race and health 8343: 8329:Personal income 8275: 8179:National anthem 8012:personal income 7977:Economic issues 7911: 7863: 7711: 7611: 7600:School district 7586: 7569:Minor divisions 7563: 7502: 7460: 7399: 7385:Statutory codes 7366: 7329: 7306: 7216: 7211: 7198: 7133: 7090:civil liberties 7071: 7062:Other tribunals 7041:District courts 6993: 6952:current members 6935:current members 6916: 6850:Law enforcement 6748: 6461: 6410: 6401:Great Recession 6272:Progressive Era 6262:Native genocide 6193:Perpetual Union 6181:Treaty of Paris 6139:United Colonies 6097: 6022: 6016: 5986: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5916: 5912: 5902: 5900: 5889: 5885: 5874: 5872: 5871:on May 24, 2006 5863: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5713:Penn University 5707: 5706: 5697: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5553: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5488: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5370: 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2020 4229:Web of Language 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4195: 4191: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4071:John Loughery, 4070: 4066: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4022: 4015: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3928: 3919: 3902: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3745: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3639: 3638: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3549: 3548: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3368: 3364: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3325: 3321: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3280: 3276: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3209: 3202: 3187:10.2307/2710264 3171: 3164: 3125: 3118: 3103: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3045: 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July 26, 2006 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2590: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2561: 2557: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2509: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2445: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2416: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2371:www.aclu-or.org 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2252: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2223: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2191: 2187: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2014:Book censorship 2004: 1999: 1843: 1836: 1798: 1778: 1765:'s first novel 1760: 1741: 1736: 1727:Huffington Post 1675: 1626: 1614:Harold Hutchins 1589: 1564:Suzanne Collins 1561: 1548:The Hate U Give 1540: 1537:The Hate U Give 1515: 1496:emotional abuse 1466: 1449:In one case in 1406: 1372: 1353:Tulsa, Oklahoma 1328: 1262: 1220: 1210:Of Mice and Men 1186:Of Mice and Men 1178: 1175:Of Mice and Men 1167:Mercedes, Texas 1162:Brave New World 1154: 1151:Brave New World 1147: 1130: 1099:First Amendment 1028: 980:The Family Book 918:John M. Woolsey 898:was suppressed 763: 652: 631:Of Mice and Men 551:Randle McMurphy 508: 481: 450:First Amendment 414:First Amendment 410: 395:racial minority 340:John M. Woosley 182:William Pynchon 154: 146:chilling effect 120:Book censorship 117: 72:Book censorship 65: 59: 56: 49: 40: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9602: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9548:Sint Eustatius 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9493:Cayman Islands 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9462: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9327: 9322: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9299: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9286: 9276: 9266: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9241:World Book Day 9238: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9167:Book packaging 9164: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9152: 9142: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9120: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9101: 9096: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9053:United Kingdom 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 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8374: 8369: 8359: 8353: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8294:American Dream 8291: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8261:Transportation 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8194:Mount Rushmore 8191: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8134: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8080: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7938: 7936: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7873: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7814:Federal budget 7811: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7752:Communications 7749: 7744: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7673:exceptionalism 7670: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7651:foreign policy 7643: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7626: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7596: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7479: 7477: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7376: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7348:Chief justices 7343:Supreme courts 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7232: 7230: 7221: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7185: 7184: 7182:National Guard 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7143: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7085:Bill of Rights 7081: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7055:list of judges 7052: 7050:list of courts 7038: 7037: 7036: 7034:list of judges 7026: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6969:Capitol Police 6966: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6890:Secret Service 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6803:Vice President 6800: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6782: 6780: 6773: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6587:National Parks 6579: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6547: 6542: 6540:Extreme points 6537: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Federalist Era 6224: 6223: 6222: 6220:Bill of Rights 6217: 6207: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6163: 6161:Lee Resolution 6158: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6111: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6021: articles 6015: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5985: 5984: 5966: 5939: 5932: 5910: 5883: 5856: 5849: 5832: 5818: 5804: 5784: 5763: 5756: 5732: 5718: 5695: 5681: 5667: 5641: 5635:978-0313311666 5634: 5602: 5581: 5542: 5516: 5479: 5449: 5427: 5397: 5378: 5344: 5315: 5287: 5262: 5237: 5211: 5182: 5162: 5148: 5134: 5120: 5094: 5079: 5054: 5022: 4995: 4977: 4970: 4952: 4937: 4911: 4886: 4858:978-0313287466 4857: 4839: 4832: 4814: 4787: 4775:Banned Library 4761: 4737: 4700: 4694:978-0313311666 4693: 4660: 4643:Modern Library 4627: 4618: 4592: 4552: 4528: 4483: 4462:(3–4): 20–30. 4439: 4414: 4358: 4351: 4333: 4307: 4284: 4272: 4246: 4215: 4189: 4170:(3): 140–160. 4154: 4126: 4119: 4099: 4086: 4077: 4064: 4051: 4042: 4031: 4020: 4013: 3990: 3983: 3953: 3946: 3917: 3891: 3865: 3838:(4): 351–377. 3822: 3797: 3768: 3761: 3732: 3704: 3688:"Infographics" 3678: 3653: 3620: 3609:. May 17, 2023 3595: 3567: 3533: 3508: 3480: 3454: 3428: 3395: 3362: 3319: 3301: 3274: 3253: 3228: 3200: 3162: 3116: 3102:978-0807831861 3101: 3083: 3070:978-0691027791 3069: 3063:. p. 40. 3039: 3032: 3014: 2989: 2959: 2933: 2908: 2879: 2853: 2824: 2800: 2793: 2772: 2746: 2726:Education Week 2712: 2686: 2661: 2635: 2610: 2594:"Book Banning" 2581: 2569:The Tennessean 2555: 2529: 2500: 2474: 2465: 2436: 2410: 2384: 2358: 2332: 2298: 2272: 2243: 2210: 2185: 2166:(3): 931–936. 2146: 2120: 2113: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2024:Bowdlerization 2021: 2016: 2011: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1926: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1848: 1835: 1832: 1797: 1794: 1777: 1776:Jason Reynolds 1774: 1763:David Guterson 1759: 1758:David Guterson 1756: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1674: 1671: 1625: 1622: 1588: 1582: 1560: 1554: 1539: 1534: 1514: 1509: 1480:Alison Bechdel 1465: 1460: 1426:The 2003 case 1405: 1398: 1371: 1366: 1327: 1322: 1261: 1256: 1233:Pulitzer Prize 1219: 1214: 1181:John Steinbeck 1177: 1172: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1129: 1126: 1050:Charles Darwin 1027: 1024: 985:Erie, Illinois 841:Sinclair Lewis 762: 759: 753:published the 735:in the 1950s. 651: 648: 607:Gretchen Knief 570:NewSouth Books 517:J. D. Salinger 507: 504: 496: 495: 492: 489: 480: 477: 409: 406: 301:starting with 280:Frederic Henry 266:John Steinbeck 231:abortifacients 153: 150: 141: 140: 137: 134: 131: 116: 113: 109:MassResistance 67: 66: 43: 41: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9601: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9455: 9449: 9448:United States 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9320: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9306: 9301: 9300: 9297: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9275: 9267: 9265: 9257: 9256: 9253: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9172:Book swapping 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9122: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9058:United States 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9004: 8998: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8980:Print culture 8978: 8976: 8973: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8898:Bibliotherapy 8896: 8894: 8891: 8888: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8801: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8712: 8707: 8705: 8700: 8698: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8612: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8551:Energy policy 8549: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8506: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8492:incarceration 8490: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8400: 8397: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8377:Prenatal care 8375: 8373: 8372:Birth control 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8309:Homeownership 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8033: 8032:working class 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7992:homeownership 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7772:Manufacturing 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7722: 7708: 7705: 7701: 7700:Third parties 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7214: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7067:U.S. attorney 7065: 7063: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7012:Chief Justice 7010: 7009: 7008: 7007:Supreme Court 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6912:Public policy 6910: 6908: 6907:Civil service 6905: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6592: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6575:Sierra Nevada 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6513:insular zones 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6384:War on Terror 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6364:LGBT Movement 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6019:United States 6013: 6008: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5935: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5914: 5903:September 28, 5898: 5894: 5887: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5828: 5822: 5807: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5736: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5691: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5606: 5591: 5585: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5484: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5354:"Judith Krug" 5348: 5333: 5329: 5322: 5320: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5166: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5130: 5124: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5090: 5083: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4988: 4981: 4973: 4971:0-394-48239-5 4967: 4963: 4956: 4948: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4882: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4833:0-8160-6270-6 4829: 4825: 4818: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4791: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4696: 4690: 4685: 4684: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4632: 4622: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4588: 4582: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4444: 4428: 4427:law2.umkc.edu 4424: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4337: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4276: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4239:September 25, 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4131: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4103: 4096: 4093:Adam Parkes, 4090: 4084:Ziff, p. 723. 4081: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4046: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4024: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3997: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3949: 3947:9780061388859 3943: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3773: 3764: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3709: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3649: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3605: 3599: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3421:September 11, 3416: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3352: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3167: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2897: 2893: 2890:Yorio, Kara. 2886: 2884: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2831: 2829: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2794:9780838937457 2790: 2786: 2779: 2777: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2469: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2441: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2199: 2196: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2135: 2131: 2124: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2080: 2079:Wilhelm Reich 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2044:Comstock laws 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 1996: 1995: 1994:Women in Love 1991: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1945:Moll Flanders 1942: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1902:The Decameron 1899: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1635: 1630: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1558: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386:John D. Marks 1383: 1379: 1378: 1370: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1337:J.D. Salinger 1334: 1333: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1314:their embassy 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1157:Aldous Huxley 1152: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 993: 988: 986: 982: 981: 976: 972: 971: 965: 963: 959: 958:Supreme Court 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 934:Obelisk Press 931: 930: 925: 921: 919: 915: 914: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 888: 883: 879: 878: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:The "Genius", 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 805: 804:The Smart Set 800: 799: 794: 790: 786: 785: 780: 779: 774: 773: 768: 758: 756: 755:Federal Mafia 752: 748: 744: 743: 738: 737:George Orwell 734: 730: 726: 722: 721: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 647: 645: 644: 639: 638: 633: 632: 627: 626: 621: 620: 615: 610: 608: 604: 603: 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 582: 577: 576: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 538: 534: 533: 528: 524: 523: 518: 514: 503: 501: 493: 490: 487: 486: 485: 476: 472: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 446: 445: 440: 435: 432: 427: 424:. 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