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60:
1303:"A "chilling effect" describes a situation in which speech or conduct is inhibited or discouraged by fear of penalization, prompting self-censorship and therefore hampering free speech. 3 A law or police action need not explicitly prohibit legitimate speech to create a chilling effect; the actions of the government must merely pose an undue burden and deterrent effect on freedom of expression. 4 "
785:
For to distrust the judgement and the honesty of one who hath but a common repute in learning and never yet offended, as not to count him fit to print his mind without a tutor or examiner, lest he should drop a schism or something of corruption, is the greatest displeasure and indignity to a free and
755:
where the constitutionality of a criminal law prohibiting the publication of literature depicting illicit drug use was challenged. The court found that the law had a "chilling effect" on legitimate forms of expression and could stifle political debate on issues such as the legalization of marijuana.
1032:
A two-part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships ... . This chilling effect was greater when individuals who generally feared conflict anticipated aggressive repercussions (p < .001), and when people anticipated symbolic aggression from relationally independent partners
717:
or threat of coercion (or other unpleasantries) can have a chilling effect on a group of people regarding a specific behavior, and often can be statistically measured or be plainly observed. For example, the news headline "Flood insurance spikes have chilling effect on some home sales," and the
828:
case, however, did not center around a law that explicitly stifles free speech. The "chilling effect" referred to at the time was a "deterrent effect" on freedom of expression—even when there is no law explicitly prohibiting it. However, in general, the term "chilling effect" is also used in
763:'s case in Turkey, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said that Turkey's mis-use of counter-terrorism measures can have a chilling effect on the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms and human rights.
1869:
698:; any legal action that would cause people to hesitate to exercise a legitimate right (freedom of speech or otherwise) for fear of legal repercussions. When that fear is brought about by the threat of a
718:
abstract title of a two-part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships: "The chilling effect of aggressive potential on the expression of complaints in intimate relationships."
986:
1247:
Justice
Brennan reported having written a 1965 decision striking down a state's intrusion on civil liberty because of its "chilling effect upon the exercise of First Amendment rights..."
794:
has been in use in the United States since as early as 1950. The United States
Supreme Court first refers to the "chilling effect" in the context of the United States Constitution in
1235:
320:
756:
The court noted that it did not adopt the same "chilling effect" analysis used in
American law but considered the chilling effect of the law as a part of its own analysis.
808:
1014:
Cloven, Denise H.; Roloff, Michael E. (1993). "The
Chilling Effect of Aggressive Potential on The Expression of Complaints in Intimate Relationships".
994:
1864:
673:
647:
694:
by the threat of legal sanction. A chilling effect may be caused by legal actions such as the passing of a law, the decision of a court, or the
1704:
928:
707:
848:
of the readers, as shown by the fact that there were substantially fewer views for articles related to terrorism and security. The court case
246:
1401:
965:
292:
821:) which overturned a law requiring a postal patron receiving "communist political propaganda" to specifically authorize the delivery.
3047:
748:
A chilling effect is an effect that reduces, suppresses, discourages, delays, or otherwise retards reporting concerns of any kind.
1179:
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reference to laws or actions that may not explicitly prohibit legitimate speech, but rather impose undue burden on speech.
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Realtors say already causing home sales to fall through when buyers realize they can't afford the flood insurance.
713:"Chilling" in this context normally implies an undesirable slowing. Outside the legal context in common usage; any
598:
469:
184:
20:
3042:
2389:
2290:
603:
588:
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program was collecting data on people reading
Knowledge articles. This revelation had significant impact on the
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1902:
1379:
1045:"censorship-reports-striking-a-balance-hate-speech-freedom-of-expression-and-nondiscrimination-1992-431-pp".
541:
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352:
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refers to the stifling effect that vague or excessively broad laws may have on legitimate speech activity.
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706:. A lawsuit initiated specifically for the purpose of creating a chilling effect may be called a
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1180:"4 Vanderbilt Law Review 533, at 539 (1950–1951): The Supreme Court and Civil Liberties"
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2002:
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An example of the "chilling effect" in
Canadian case law can be found in
1362:
Chilling The
Internet? Lessons from FCC Regulation of Radio Broadcasting
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1940:
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However, the term is also now commonly used outside
American legal
714:
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is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of
2916:
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2522:
2338:
2300:
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1826:
1634:
888:
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Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
1112:
Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC) at para. 37, <
987:"Flood insurance spikes have chilling effect on some home sales"
3016:
2869:
2614:
2505:
2500:
2446:
2117:
1084:
Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)at para. 20, <
738:
1398:, containing many current examples of alleged chilling effects
2957:
2901:
2807:
2648:
2451:
1950:
1679:
1406:
1365:
1283:"Put it on Ice: Chilling Free Speech at National Conventions"
699:
1395:
2839:
2787:
2643:
2041:
1957:
1118:
1090:
951:
chilling effect. (n.d.). Retrieved
October 19, 2011, from
1911:
1315:"Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Knowledge Use"
1880:
832:
803:
It, however, became further used as a legal term when
1260:"LAMONT V. POSTMASTER GENERAL, 381 U. S. 301 (1965)"
741:, such as the chilling effects of high prices or of
3112:
775:expressed the chilling effect of censorship in
648:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
981:
979:
929:Strategic lawsuit against public participation
708:strategic lawsuit against public participation
1896:
1422:
1193:"The Chilling Effect in Constitutional Law".
1142:"OHCHR | Press briefing notes on Turkey"
1009:
1007:
953:http://law.yourdictionary.com/chilling-effect
667:
1232:"Safire Urges Federal Journalist Shield Law"
1013:
976:
840:disclosed in 2013 that the US government's
1903:
1889:
1429:
1415:
1356:, vol. 35, no. 1 (Fall 2021), pp. 267-307.
1004:
674:
660:
1287:Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality
3048:History of the American legal profession
1385:, vol. 106, no. 3 (2022), pp. 1451-1530.
1375:The Chilling Effect of English libel law
786:knowing spirit that can be put upon him.
1280:
3113:
1312:
1252:
1229:
1884:
1410:
1354:Harvard Journal of Law and Technology
963:
1281:Rissman, Joshua (February 3, 2017).
1115:"CanLII - 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)"
1087:"CanLII - 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)"
833:Chilling effects on Knowledge users
13:
1351:"The Myth of the Chilling Effect."
1343:
1177:
993:. October 15, 2013. Archived from
815:, used it in a judicial decision (
14:
3142:
2032:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1402:Terms associated with libel cases
1389:
1380:"Understanding Chilling Effects."
1230:Safire, William (July 20, 2005).
964:Green, Allen (October 15, 2009).
3079:
3078:
3064:
58:
21:Chilling effect (disambiguation)
3043:History of the legal profession
1319:Berkeley Technology Law Journal
1306:
1274:
1223:
1186:
1171:
1051:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2210-0079
1436:
1148:
1134:
1106:
1078:
1038:
957:
945:
1:
1236:Center For Individual Freedom
939:
1360:Cato Policy Analysis No. 270
1313:Penney, Jonathon W. (2016).
1131:> retrieved on 2011-10-25
1103:> retrieved on 2011-10-25
818:Lamont v. Postmaster General
643:Freedom of speech by country
7:
857:
851:Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA
813:United States Supreme Court
10:
3147:
3131:American legal terminology
2710:International legal theory
2189:International slavery laws
2184:International human rights
2179:International criminal law
766:
25:
18:
3058:
3035:
2925:
2763:Administration of justice
2748:
2657:
2548:
2427:
2329:
2050:
1918:
1840:
1740:
1550:
1444:
1028:10.1080/03637759309376309
2540:Basic structure doctrine
2390:Natural and legal rights
2271:Public international law
1598:Content-control software
1203:(5): 808–842. May 1969.
1016:Communication Monographs
966:"Banish the libel chill"
721:
692:natural and legal rights
26:Not to be confused with
2720:Principle of typicality
2194:International trade law
1910:
1853:Chinese issues overseas
1167:Appleton-Century-Crofts
761:Ă–mer Faruk GergerlioÄźlu
1827:Suppression of dissent
1371:March 2, 2021, at the
1066:Cite journal requires
997:on November 19, 2013.
991:WWL‑TV Eyewitness News
879:Democratic backsliding
788:
702:lawsuit, it is called
686:In a legal context, a
3126:Freedom of expression
2715:Principle of legality
2474:Delegated legislation
2174:Intellectual property
1593:Conspiracy of silence
1583:Collateral censorship
1508:Speech and expression
1366:Libel Reform Campaign
894:Malicious prosecution
783:
726:In United States and
51:Censorship by country
2933:Barristers' chambers
2875:Legal representation
2813:Justice of the peace
2159:Financial regulation
1870:Muhammad controversy
1807:Naturalistic fallacy
1715:computer and network
1383:Minnesota Law Review
1378:Penney, Jonathon W.
934:Vexatious litigation
854:has since followed.
753:Iorfida v. MacIntyre
594:United Arab Emirates
19:For other uses, see
2968:Election commission
2680:Expressive function
2209:Landlord–tenant law
2108:Consumer protection
1865:Internet censorship
1196:Columbia Law Review
797:Wieman v. Updegraff
696:threat of a lawsuit
243:Democratic Republic
2926:Legal institutions
2793:Lawsuit/Litigation
2783:Dispute resolution
2588:Catholic canon law
2296:State of emergency
2259:Will and testament
1983:Law of obligations
1936:Constitutional law
1926:Administrative law
1802:Moralistic fallacy
1540:banned video games
1523:banned televisions
914:Political prisoner
899:Media transparency
805:William J. Brennan
3108:
3107:
2768:Constitutionalism
2690:Law and economics
2528:Act of parliament
2266:Product liability
2219:Legal archaeology
2144:Environmental law
2138:Entertainment law
1978:International law
1878:
1877:
1860:Freedom of speech
1705:Strategic lawsuit
1655:National intranet
1603:Damnatio memoriae
1165:(1951), page 29,
684:
683:
280:Dutch East Indies
3138:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3069:
3068:
2892:Question of fact
2773:Criminal justice
2103:Construction law
2098:Conflict of laws
2063:Agricultural law
1905:
1898:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1817:Propaganda model
1445:Media regulation
1431:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:10.15779/z38ss13
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1190:
1184:
1183:
1178:Freund, Paul A.
1175:
1169:
1163:George H. Sabine
1152:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1121:on July 13, 2012
1117:. Archived from
1110:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1093:on July 13, 2012
1089:. Archived from
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904:Opinion corridor
732:chilling effects
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247:Federal Republic
229:
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35:
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28:Chilling Effects
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3022:Political party
2995:Legal education
2983:Law enforcement
2963:Court of equity
2921:
2897:Question of law
2850:Practice of law
2830:Judicial review
2744:
2695:Legal formalism
2675:Comparative law
2670:Contract theory
2653:
2573:Legal pluralism
2544:
2533:Act of Congress
2457:Executive order
2423:
2325:
2244:Nationality law
2169:Immigration law
2093:Competition law
2046:
1914:
1909:
1879:
1874:
1836:
1736:
1695:Self-censorship
1670:Prior restraint
1660:Newspaper theft
1645:Internet police
1578:Chilling effect
1568:Broadcast delay
1546:
1440:
1435:
1392:
1373:Wayback Machine
1346:
1344:Further reading
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924:Self-censorship
919:Prior restraint
909:Paper terrorism
869:Culture of fear
860:
846:self-censorship
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792:chilling effect
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688:chilling effect
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2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1732:Word filtering
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Heckler's veto
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1390:External links
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1363:
1357:
1349:Bedi, Suneal.
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1305:
1273:
1251:
1222:
1185:
1170:
1147:
1133:
1105:
1077:
1068:|journal=
1037:
1022:(3): 199–219.
1003:
975:
956:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Fear mongering
881:
876:
874:Cancel culture
871:
866:
859:
856:
838:Edward Snowden
834:
831:
768:
765:
743:corrupt police
723:
720:
682:
681:
679:
678:
671:
664:
656:
653:
652:
651:
650:
645:
637:
636:
632:
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
599:United Kingdom
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
470:Russian Empire
461:
448:
443:
438:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
349:
343:
330:
325:
312:
307:
302:
297:
284:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
230:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
185:Czech Republic
182:
177:
172:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3143:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:Civil society
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Trier of fact
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Legal opinion
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Court-martial
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:Jurisprudence
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Statutory law
2637:
2635:
2634:Socialist law
2632:
2628:
2627:Byzantine law
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:Religious law
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2550:Legal systems
2547:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2518:Statutory law
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:Statutory law
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Transport law
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Legal fiction
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Financial law
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Corporate law
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Statutory law
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:Core subjects
1917:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1832:Systemic bias
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:Student media
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:circumvention
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1033:(p < .05).
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
982:
980:
971:
967:
960:
954:
948:
944:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
855:
853:
852:
847:
843:
839:
830:
827:
822:
820:
819:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
798:
793:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
764:
762:
757:
754:
749:
746:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
719:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
634:
633:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:United States
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
475:
471:
465:
462:
458:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
334:
331:
329:
326:
322:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
294:
288:
285:
281:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
234:
231:
227:
226:Ancien RĂ©gime
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
169:
165:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
48:
47:
43:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
3097:
3090:
3076:
3062:
2835:Jurisdiction
2803:Legal remedy
2758:Adjudication
2658:Legal theory
2496:Ratification
2491:Promulgation
2462:Proclamation
2442:Codification
2375:Human rights
2363:Divine right
2353:Constitution
2321:Women in law
2239:Military law
2234:Marriage law
2229:Maritime law
2128:Election law
2068:Aviation law
2058:Abortion law
2010:Property law
1946:Criminal law
1727:Whitewashing
1710:Surveillance
1690:Sanitization
1665:Pixelization
1577:
1563:Book burning
1469:banned films
1457:books banned
1382:
1353:
1330:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1254:
1246:
1239:. Retrieved
1225:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1173:
1161:, edited by
1159:Areopagitica
1150:
1136:
1123:. Retrieved
1119:the original
1108:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1080:
1059:cite journal
1040:
1031:
1019:
1015:
998:
995:the original
990:
970:The Guardian
969:
959:
947:
849:
836:
825:
823:
816:
802:
795:
791:
789:
784:
778:Areopagitica
776:
770:
758:
752:
750:
747:
736:
731:
728:Canadian law
725:
712:
703:
687:
685:
516:South Africa
491:Saudi Arabia
474:Soviet Union
32:
3007:Legislature
2938:Bureaucracy
2735:Rule of man
2730:Rule of law
2705:Libertarian
2568:Chinese law
2469:Legislation
2419:Regulations
2407:Law reports
2385:Natural law
2281:Reparations
2276:Refugee law
2199:Jurimetrics
2140:(Media law)
2078:Banking law
2073:Amnesty law
2051:Disciplines
1988:Private law
1792:LGBT issues
1787:Ideological
1775:Hate speech
1700:Speech code
1685:Revisionism
1650:Memory hole
1620:Expurgation
1613:Minced oath
1573:Censor bars
1535:Video games
1518:Televisions
1155:John Milton
1125:October 25,
1097:October 25,
773:John Milton
730:, the term
704:libel chill
531:South Sudan
526:South Korea
423:Philippines
403:North Korea
388:New Zealand
321:World War I
205:El Salvador
3121:Censorship
3115:Categories
3000:Law school
2880:Prosecutor
2818:Magistrate
2605:Jewish law
2563:Common law
2484:Rulemaking
2479:Regulation
2429:Law making
2368:Divine law
2344:Legal code
2291:Sports law
2214:Law of war
2164:Health law
2149:Family law
2133:Energy law
2083:Bankruptcy
2020:Punishment
2015:Public law
1848:Censorship
1841:By country
1797:Media bias
1675:Propaganda
1438:Censorship
1332:August 20,
1293:(2): 413.
940:References
864:Censorship
759:Regarding
521:South Asia
118:Bangladesh
108:Azerbaijan
2978:Judiciary
2973:Executive
2948:The bench
2885:Solicitor
2860:Barrister
2740:Sociology
2725:Pseudolaw
2665:Anarchist
2622:Roman law
2610:Parsi law
2595:Hindu law
2583:Canon law
2558:Civil law
2511:Concordat
2402:Precedent
2311:Trust law
2286:Space law
2123:Drugs law
1993:Procedure
1931:Civil law
1822:Religious
1753:Corporate
1630:Gag order
1608:Euphemism
1588:Concision
1299:0737-089X
800:in 1952.
790:The term
710:(SLAPP).
609:Venezuela
549:Sri Lanka
542:Francoist
501:Singapore
457:Communist
434:Communist
393:Nicaragua
274:Indonesia
259:Guatemala
164:Hong Kong
98:Australia
68:Countries
3085:Category
3027:Tribunal
3012:Military
2855:Attorney
2825:Judgment
2685:Feminist
2600:Jain law
2397:Case law
2118:Cyberlaw
2025:Corporal
2003:Criminal
1973:Evidence
1963:Doctrine
1941:Contract
1812:Politics
1763:Facebook
1748:Criminal
1741:Contexts
1635:Heckling
1558:Bleeping
1476:Internet
1369:Archived
1266:June 18,
1262:. Justia
1241:June 18,
858:See also
842:Upstream
771:In 1644
715:coercion
635:See also
624:Zimbabwe
569:Thailand
441:Portugal
413:Paraguay
408:Pakistan
363:Maldives
358:Malaysia
264:Honduras
168:overseas
143:Cambodia
41:a series
38:Part of
3099:Outline
3036:History
2943:The bar
2917:Verdict
2865:Counsel
2845:Justice
2700:History
2523:Statute
2339:Charter
2301:Tax law
2249:Probate
1625:Fogging
1551:Methods
1530:Thought
1217:1121147
1157:(1644)
889:Lawfare
811:of the
809:justice
767:History
614:Vietnam
589:Ukraine
574:Tunisia
506:Somalia
451:Romania
398:Nigeria
378:Myanmar
373:Morocco
328:Jamaica
305:Ireland
293:Islamic
233:Germany
215:Finland
210:Eritrea
195:Ecuador
190:Denmark
175:Croatia
133:Bolivia
123:Belarus
113:Bahrain
103:Austria
93:Armenia
88:Algeria
83:Albania
3017:Police
2988:Agency
2870:Lawyer
2615:Sharia
2506:Treaty
2501:Repeal
2447:Decree
2358:Custom
2254:Estate
2204:Labour
1968:Equity
1780:Online
1768:Google
1493:Postal
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826:Lamont
739:jargon
584:Uganda
579:Turkey
564:Taiwan
554:Sweden
496:Serbia
481:Rwanda
464:Russia
428:Poland
368:Mexico
353:Malawi
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310:Israel
254:Greece
220:France
148:Canada
138:Brazil
128:Bhutan
3092:Index
2958:Court
2902:Trial
2808:Judge
2649:Yassa
2452:Edict
1998:Civil
1951:Crime
1758:Apple
1680:Purge
1503:Radio
1498:Press
1488:Music
1464:Films
1452:Books
1396:Lumen
1213:JSTOR
722:Usage
700:libel
619:Yemen
559:Syria
536:Spain
511:Sudan
486:Samoa
446:Qatar
383:Nepal
347:Kenya
333:Japan
315:Italy
269:India
200:Egypt
158:China
2840:Jury
2788:Fiqh
2644:Xeer
2042:Tort
1958:Deed
1720:mass
1334:2019
1295:ISSN
1268:2008
1243:2008
1127:2011
1099:2011
1072:help
824:The
807:, a
418:Peru
300:Iraq
287:Iran
239:Nazi
180:Cuba
153:Chad
76:List
1912:Law
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