795:, is also used along with coloured dyes (used to deter birds from eating the baits) in order to kill and identify rats for experimental and tracking purposes. Another method to track rats is the use of wired cage traps, which are used along with bait, such as rolled oats and peanut butter, to tag and track rats to determine population sizes through methods like mark-recapture and radio-tracking. Tracking tunnels (coreflute tunnels containing an inked card) are also commonly used monitoring devices, as are chew-cards containing peanut butter. Poison control methods are effective in reducing rat populations to nonthreatening sizes, but rat populations often rebound to normal size within months. Besides their highly adaptive foraging behavior and fast reproduction, the exact mechanisms for their rebound is unclear and are still being studied.
767:, has been extirpated from many micro-habitats of Australia. In the absence of a vector, the diversity of truffle species would be expected to decline. In a study in New South Wales, Australia it was found that, although the bush rat consumes a diversity of truffle species, the black rat consumes as much of the diverse fungi as the natives and is an effective vector for spore dispersal. Since the black rat now occupies many of the micro-habitats that were previously inhabited by the bush rat, the black rat plays an important ecological role in the dispersal of fungal spores. By eradicating the black rat populations in Australia, the diversity of fungi would decline, potentially doing more harm than good.
583:, and thus not very specific in their food preferences, which is indicated by their tendency to feed on any meal provided for cows, swine, chickens, cats and dogs. They are similar to the tree squirrel in their preference of fruits and nuts. They eat about 15 g (0.53 oz) per day and drink about 15 ml (0.53 imp fl oz; 0.51 US fl oz) per day. Their diet is high in water content. They are a threat to many natural habitats because they feed on birds and insects. They are also a threat to many farmers, since they feed on a variety of agricultural-based crops, such as cereals, sugar cane, coconuts, cocoa, oranges, and coffee beans.
587:
place to carry and hoard to eat at a later time. Although it eats a broad range of foods, it is a highly selective feeder; only a restricted selection of the foods is dominating. When offered a wide diversity of foods, it eats only a small sample of each. This allows it to monitor the quality of foods that are present year round, such as leaves, as well as seasonal foods, such as herbs and insects. This method of operating on a set of foraging standards ultimately determines the final composition of its meals. Also, by sampling the available food in an area, it maintains a dynamic food supply, balance its nutrient intake, and avoids intoxication by secondary compounds.
470:. However, recent studies have called this theory into question and instead posit humans themselves as the vector, as the movements of the epidemics and the black rat populations do not show historical or geographical correspondence. A study published in 2015 indicates that other Asiatic rodents served as plague reservoirs, from which infections spread as far west as Europe via trade routes, both overland and maritime. Although the black rat was certainly a plague vector in European ports, the spread of the plague beyond areas colonized by rats suggests that the plague was also circulated by humans after reaching Europe.
1242:
Hamilton-Dyer, S.; Helm, R.; Hillman, J. C.; Kallala, N.; Kivikero, H.; Kovács, Zsófia E.; Kunst, G. K.; Kyselý, R.; Linderholm, A.; Maraoui-Telmini, B.; Marković, N.; Morales-Muñiz, A.; Nabais, M.; O’Connor, T.; Oueslati, T.; Quintana
Morales, E. M.; Pasda, K.; Perera, J.; Perera, Nimal; Radbauer, S.; Ramon, J.; Rannamäe, E.; Sanmartà Grego, J.; Treasure, E.; Valenzuela-Lamas, S.; van der Jagt, I.; Van Neer, W.; Vigne, J.-D.; Walker, T.; Wynne-Jones, S.; Zeiler, J.; Dobney, K.; Boivin, N.; Searle, J. B.; Krause-Kyora, B.; Krause, J.; Larson, G.; Orton, D. (2022).
382:
685:
375:
100:
398:
534:
are commonly found in wall cavities and false ceilings. In the wild, black rats live in cliffs, rocks, the ground, and trees. They are great climbers and prefer to live in palms and trees, such as pine trees. Their nests are typically spherical and made of shredded material, including sticks, leaves, other vegetation and cloth. In the absence of palms or trees, they can burrow into the ground. Black rats are also found around fences, ponds, riverbanks, streams, and reservoirs.
56:
75:
568:
226:
604:, there is positive correlation between rat abundance, leaf litter cover, canopy height, and litter depth. All other habitat variables showed little to no correlation. While this species' relative, the brown (Norway) rat prefers to nest near the ground of a building the black rat will prefer the upper floors and roof. Because of this habit they have been given the common name roof rat.
719:, the negative effects may take decades to reverse. When consuming these seabirds and seabird eggs, these rats reduce the pH of the soil. This harms plant species by reducing nutrient availability in soil, thus decreasing the probability of seed germination. For example, research conducted by Hoffman et al. indicates a large impact on 16 indigenous plant species directly preyed on by
502:) in cooler regions and urban areas. In addition to the brown rat being larger and more aggressive, the change from wooden structures and thatched roofs to bricked and tiled buildings favored the burrowing brown rats over the arboreal black rats. In addition, brown rats eat a wider variety of foods, and are more resistant to
440:) from Southeast Asia. The two diverged about 120,000 years ago in southwestern Asia. It is unclear how the rat made its way to Europe due to insufficient data, although a land route seems more likely based on the distribution of European haplogroup "A". The black rat spread throughout Europe with the
599:
of New
Zealand, rats have been found to form dens together. Rats appear to den and forage in separate areas in their home range depending on the availability of food resources. Research shows that, in New South Wales, the black rat prefers to inhabit lower leaf litter of forest habitat. There is also
533:
Black rats adapt to a wide range of habitats. In urban areas they are found around warehouses, residential buildings, and other human settlements. They are also found in agricultural areas, such as in barns and crop fields. In urban areas, they prefer to live in dry upper levels of buildings, so they
697:
The black rat is prey to cats and owls in domestic settings. In less urban settings, rats are preyed on by weasels, foxes and coyotes. These predators have little effect on the control of the black rat population because black rats are agile and fast climbers. In addition to agility, the black rat
1241:
Yu, He; Jamieson, Alexandra; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Conroy, C. J.; Knight, B.; Speller, C.; Al-Jarah, H.; Eager, H.; Trinks, A.; Adikari, G.; Baron, H.; Böhlendorf-Arslan, B.; Bohingamuwa, W.; Crowther, A.; Cucchi, T.; Esser, K.; Fleisher, J.; Gidney, L.; Gladilina, E.; Gol’din, Pavel; Goodman, S. M.;
586:
The black rat displays flexibility in its foraging behaviour. It is a predatory species and adapts to different micro-habitats. It often meets and forages together in close proximity within and between sexes. It tends to forage after sunset. If the food cannot be eaten quickly, it searches for a
407:
A typical adult black rat is 12.75 to 18.25 cm (5.02 to 7.19 in) long, not including a 15 to 22 cm (5.9 to 8.7 in) tail, and weighs 75 to 230 g (2.6 to 8.1 oz), depending on the subspecies. Despite its name, the black rat exhibits several colour forms. It is usually
739:
The black rat is a complex pest, defined as one that influences the environment in both harmful and beneficial ways. In many cases, after the black rat is introduced into a new area, the population size of some native species declines or goes extinct. This is because the black rat is a good
546:
during the winter, but male rats increase the size of their home range during the breeding season. Along with differing between rats of different sex, home range also differs depending on the type of forest in which the black rat inhabits. For example, home ranges in the
731:. The black rat shows a preference for snails with larger shells (greater than 10 mm), and this led to a great decline in the population of snails with larger shells. A lack of prey refuges makes it more difficult for the snail to avoid the rat.
744:
and a preference for complex habitats; this causes strong competition for resources among small animals. This has led to the black rat completely displacing many native species in
Madagascar, the Galapagos, and the Florida Keys. In a study by Stokes
600:
an apparent correlation between the canopy height and logs and the presence of black rats. This correlation may be a result of the distribution of the abundance of prey as well as available refuges for rats to avoid predators. As found in
455:
for many diseases because of its ability to hold so many infectious bacteria in its blood. It was formerly thought to have played a primary role in spreading bacteria contained in fleas on its body, such as the plague bacterium
2316:
762:
Despite the black rat's tendency to displace native species, it can also aid in increasing species population numbers and maintaining species diversity. The bush rat, a common vector for spore dispersal of
651:
Rats serve as outstanding vectors for transmittance of diseases because they can carry bacteria and viruses in their systems. A number of bacterial diseases are common to rats, and these include
759:, both were found to be affected by micro-habitat disturbances, but the black rat was most abundant in areas of high disturbance; this indicates it has a better dispersal ability.
755:, of Australia are often invaded by the black rat and are eventually occupied by only the black rat. When the abundances of these two rat species were compared in different
727:, they prey on the indigenous snails and seedlings. Snails that inhabit the leaf litter of these islands showed a significant decline in population on the introduction of
595:
Through the usage of tracking devices such as radio transmitters, rats have been found to occupy dens located in trees, as well as on the ground. In Puketi Forest in the
671:
559:. Due to the limited number of rats that are studied in home range studies, the estimated sizes of rat home ranges in different rat demographic groups are inconclusive.
432:
periods. The black rat in the
Mediterranean region differs genetically from its South Asian ancestor by having 38 instead of 42 chromosomes. Its closest relative is the
2313:
659:
2352:
Veitch, C.R.; Clout, M.N.; Martin, A.R.; Russell, J.C.; West, C.J., eds. (2019). "Scaling down (cliff s) to meet the challenge: the
Shiants' black rat eradication".
775:
Large-scale rat control programs have been taken to maintain a steady level of the invasive predators in order to conserve the native species in New
Zealand such as
842:) and in localised areas of the British mainland. Recent National Biodiversity Network data show populations around the U.K., particularly in ports and port towns.
1474:
715:
was introduced into the northern islands of New
Zealand, they fed on the seedlings, adversely affecting the ecology of the islands. Even after eradication of
665:
988:
Caroli Linnæi
Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I
723:. These plants displayed a negative correlation in germination and growth in the presence of black rats. Rats prefer to forage in forest habitats. In the
791:), are commonly distributed via aerial spray by helicopter as a method of mass control on islands infested with invasive rat populations. Bait, such as
1001:
408:
black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. In
England during the 1920s, several variations were bred and shown alongside domesticated
2062:
Grant-Hoffman, MN; Mulder, CP; Belingham, PJ (2009). "Invasive Rats Alter Woody
Seedling Composition on Seabird-dominated Islands in New Zealand".
2335:"Eradication of brown rats Rattus norvegicus and black rats Rattus rattus to restore breeding seabird populations on Lundy Island, Devon, England"
4436:
4216:
2395:
1547:
3963:
648:. This theory has, however, been deprecated, as the dates of these displacements do not match the increases and decreases in plague outbreaks.
4320:
4268:
4490:
2229:
Jackson, M.; Hartley, S.; Linklater, W. (2016). "Better food-based baits and lures for invasive rats Rattus spp. and the brushtail possum
509:
Black rat populations can increase exponentially under certain circumstances, perhaps having to do with the timing of the fruiting of the
3958:
2477:
2269:
2449:
579:
and eat a wide range of foods, including seeds, fruit, stems, leaves, fungi, and a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates. They are
3953:
3933:
494:
subsequently spread it throughout the world. The black rat is again largely confined to warmer areas, having been supplanted by the
4423:
4177:
4242:
3948:
3943:
3938:
441:
2032:
4286:
2437:
2379:
2014:
1985:
1957:
1928:
1457:
1106:
1073:
4247:
1671:
1641:
1572:
4530:
2909:
803:
681:, to name a few. All of these bacteria are disease causing agents in humans. In some cases, these diseases are incurable.
448:. A genetically different rat population of haplogroup A replaced the Roman population in the medieval times in Europe.
4525:
4410:
4138:
1484:
1131:
580:
4156:
4449:
4369:
4190:
2962:
4325:
4068:
444:, but declined around the 6th century, possibly due to collapse of the Roman grain trade, climate cooling, or the
4169:
3493:
215:
1852:
Meerburg, B.G.; Singleton, G.R.; Kijlstra A. (2009). "Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health".
4510:
3129:
2648:
2470:
1920:
1345:
3769:
1304:
4520:
4467:
4307:
2113:
Chiba, S. (2010). "Invasive Rats Alter Assemblage Characteristics of Land Snails in the Ogasawara Islands".
2808:
2639:
1015:
677:
1383:
Schmid, B.V.; Büntgen, U.; Easterday, W.R.; Ginzler, C.; Walløe, L.; Bramanti, B.; Stenseth, N.C. (2015).
4281:
4229:
4086:
4050:
1977:
931:
Baig, M.; Khan, S.; Eager, H.; Atkulwar, A. & Searle, J. B. (2019). "Phylogeography of the black rat
601:
342:
Three subspecies were once recognized, but today are considered invalid and are now known to be actually
4091:
4535:
4505:
3601:
2918:
1500:
31:
17:
698:
also uses its keen sense of hearing to detect danger and quickly evade mammalian and avian predators.
4515:
4454:
4374:
4335:
3973:
3968:
2876:
2657:
2598:
2463:
1479:
909:
4500:
3751:
3592:
1949:
653:
99:
4299:
1385:"Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe"
979:
799:
513:
plant, and cause devastation to the plantings of subsistence farmers; this phenomenon is known as
4028:
2630:
2548:
4361:
4441:
4221:
3990:
3502:
3330:
3147:
2732:
2699:
2455:
2334:
2018:
1895:
491:
1989:
1932:
1443:
4356:
3911:
3880:
3484:
3075:
2885:
2589:
1961:
1520:
1090:
452:
296:
The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a generalist
194:
2288:
4260:
4112:
4037:
3889:
3820:
3706:
3679:
3366:
3303:
2786:
2777:
2723:
2580:
2164:
2122:
1803:
1756:
1396:
1259:
1047:
944:
788:
2314:
Restauran hábitat del lagartijo del seco Anolis cooki en la Isla de Cardona y Cayo Ratones
424:
were discovered in Great Britain. The black rat occurred in prehistoric Europe and in the
8:
3838:
3628:
3393:
3189:
3102:
2690:
1194:
Yosida, T. H.; Tsuchiya, K.; Moriwaki, K. (1971). "Karyotypic differences of black rats,
463:
401:
290:
64:
2168:
2126:
1807:
1760:
1400:
1357:
1263:
948:
3742:
3008:
2830:
2750:
2250:
2211:
2095:
1877:
1772:
1419:
1384:
1327:
1280:
1243:
1223:
1176:
960:
811:
445:
305:
233:
94:
4042:
2363:
886:
798:
In 2010, the Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña (Puerto Rican Bird Society) and the
4099:
4055:
3802:
3460:
3402:
3321:
3285:
2741:
2613:
2375:
2087:
2079:
2010:
1981:
1953:
1924:
1881:
1869:
1815:
1790:
Cox, M.P.G.; Dickman, C.R. & Cox, W.G. (2000). "Use of habitat by the black rat (
1453:
1424:
1331:
1285:
1215:
1168:
1127:
1102:
1069:
1038:
851:
780:
724:
629:
621:
313:
2254:
2215:
2099:
1227:
1180:
964:
640:
are the best known. It has been hypothesized that the displacement of black rats by
381:
4104:
3760:
3583:
3294:
3111:
3093:
2986:
2518:
2367:
2359:
2242:
2203:
2172:
2155:) a Functional Replacement for Mycophagous Native Rodents in Fragmented Forests?".
2130:
2071:
2040:
1861:
1811:
1764:
1414:
1404:
1319:
1275:
1267:
1207:
1160:
952:
904:
741:
684:
596:
2207:
2194:) in beech forest in the Eglinton Valley, Fiordland, New Zealand: a pilot study".
4495:
4401:
4343:
4195:
3871:
3829:
3688:
3574:
3565:
3520:
3339:
2768:
2759:
2320:
2176:
2134:
1649:
1382:
1248:) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history"
1063:
990:(in Latin) (Decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 61.
827:
807:
751:
503:
458:
433:
343:
332:
301:
4312:
4273:
2409:
884:
4164:
4151:
3697:
3619:
3454:
3084:
1389:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1323:
1271:
857:
835:
831:
756:
617:
2353:
2246:
2075:
1865:
1707:
1164:
956:
4484:
4255:
4013:
3547:
3249:
3231:
3207:
2083:
895:
633:
421:
336:
211:
84:
79:
4415:
4143:
1794:) at North Head, New South Wales: an observational and experimental study".
1409:
1346:
https://www.history.com/news/rats-didnt-spread-the-black-death-it-was-humans
374:
4234:
3426:
3384:
3312:
3276:
2091:
1873:
1428:
1289:
1198:, collected in various localities of East and Southeast Asia and Oceania".
1172:
862:
613:
556:
552:
487:
1602:
1219:
885:
Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsainas, G.; Yigit, N. (2021).
4294:
4203:
4078:
4022:
3847:
3811:
3793:
3637:
3610:
3556:
3435:
3375:
3156:
3066:
1829:
Hafidzi, M.N.; Zakry, F.A.A. & Saadiah, A. (2007). "Ectoparasites of
792:
645:
637:
555:, New Zealand appear to be much larger than the non-beech forests of the
527:
467:
429:
4348:
2061:
1851:
478:
The black rat originated in India and Southeast Asia, and spread to the
4428:
4182:
3529:
3444:
3258:
3240:
3138:
2852:
2681:
2190:
Pryde, M.; Dilks, P.; Fraser, I. (2005). "The home range of ship rats (
1776:
1211:
548:
543:
55:
2371:
4208:
4125:
3661:
3538:
3198:
3165:
3120:
2977:
2940:
2563:
1828:
1449:
1098:
935:
in India and the implications for its dispersal history in Eurasia".
641:
495:
479:
409:
397:
386:
111:
3984:
1946:
Plagues & Poxes: The Impact of Human History on Epidemic Disease
1768:
4395:
4130:
4007:
3862:
3784:
3725:
3670:
3511:
3348:
3267:
3030:
2867:
2672:
2506:
2006:
1974:
The Persuasive Pen: An Integrated Approach to Reasoning and Writing
1972:
Carrick, Tracy Hamler; Carrick, Nancy and Finsen, Lawrence (1997).
1010:
839:
764:
576:
567:
317:
297:
131:
46:
2267:
530:, and subsequently spread to many coastal regions in the country.
4462:
2900:
2714:
2530:
2487:
1789:
784:
286:
161:
30:
This article is about the species of rodent. For other uses, see
2485:
1743:
Clark, D. A. (1982). "Foraging behavior of vertebrate omnivore (
1305:"Rats, communications, and plague: Toward an ecological history"
225:
4117:
4063:
3045:
2524:
2512:
2500:
1903:
776:
625:
515:
510:
425:
281:
276:
171:
151:
141:
121:
1061:
880:
878:
823:
542:
It is thought that male and female rats have similarly sized
526:
Black rats are thought to have arrived in Australia with the
520:
483:
309:
2189:
1240:
838:(2016). Populations probably survive on other islands (e.g.
1648:. Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. Archived from
875:
2151:
Vernes, K; Mcgrath, K (2009). "Are Introduced Black Rats (
2274:) in Indigenous Forests of the North Island, New Zealand"
1705:
1505:
490:, reaching Great Britain as early as the 1st century AD.
2355:
Island invasives : scaling up to meet the challenge
2351:
802:
launched a campaign to eradicate the black rat from the
2396:"Revealed: Historic Scottish island home to black rats"
2228:
2003:
Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History
1193:
930:
822:
Eradication projects have eliminated black rats from
2150:
1445:
Classical Cats: The Rise and Fall of the Sacred Cat
1151:: The introduction of the black rat into Britain".
1095:
Classical Cats: The Rise and Fall of the Sacred Cat
1835:Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science
810:(Cardona Island) islands off the municipality of
412:. This included an unusual green-tinted variety.
4482:
1747:): Meal structure, sampling, and diet breadth".
1441:
2268:Innes, J.; Warburton, B.; Williams, D. (1995).
910:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19360A192565917.en
312:, it is considered sacred and respected in the
304:to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of
1646:Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management
1472:
2471:
2233:: a bioassay on wild, free-ranging animals".
2055:
1833:sp. from Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia".
1639:
1600:
1302:
1088:
749:, habitats suitable for the native bush rat,
308:. It is sometimes kept as a pet. In parts of
2030:
1742:
1121:
616:) can carry a number of pathogens, of which
373:
1146:
1002:"Black rat, House Rat, Roof Rat, Ship Rat (
473:
2478:
2464:
1701:
1699:
1697:
224:
73:
54:
2146:
2144:
2112:
2024:
1706:Dowding, J.E. & Murphy, E.C. (1994).
1418:
1408:
1358:"Black Death 'spread by humans not rats'"
1296:
1279:
1062:Schwartz, C. W.; Schwartz, E. R. (2001).
1036:
908:
701:
1738:
1736:
1596:
1594:
817:
683:
566:
537:
396:
380:
1694:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
977:
14:
4483:
2141:
1664:
1527:. Sydney, Australia: Australian Museum
1244:"Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (
1140:
3989:
3988:
2459:
2438:List of books and articles about rats
2270:"Large-Scale Poisoning of Ship Rats (
2261:
2183:
2106:
1733:
1591:
1518:
420:Black rat bone remains dating to the
4468:BA1DF20B-C425-47D7-9AF7-DAB072383F25
4336:75f6825e-acdc-410a-a0d1-9f2296a06c34
4170:abb93854-c047-46b5-9453-f2a41be5ffd3
2332:
1906:website. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
1624:
1312:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
590:
562:
4491:IUCN Red List least concern species
2910:Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat (
1783:
1716:) Forest in Northland, New Zealand"
1552:Natural Science Research Laboratory
896:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2963:Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (
2431:
1473:Teisha Rowland (4 December 2009).
770:
369:
25:
4547:
3494:Western New Guinea mountain rat (
2443:
2364:10.2305/iucn.ch.2019.ssc-op.62.en
3130:Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat (
1816:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01050.x
1545:
1068:. University of Missouri Press.
706:
98:
2402:
2388:
2345:
2326:
2306:
2222:
1995:
1966:
1938:
1909:
1888:
1845:
1822:
1565:
1539:
1512:
1491:
1466:
1435:
1376:
1350:
1338:
1234:
1187:
740:generalist with a wide dietary
734:
462:) which is responsible for the
279:of the stereotypical rat genus
2809:Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat (
2281:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
2196:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2037:Net Vet and the Electronic Zoo
1921:University of New Mexico Press
1723:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
1519:Evans, Ondine (1 April 2010).
1115:
1082:
1055:
1030:
994:
971:
924:
688:House cat stalking a black rat
385:Comparison of physique with a
293:, but is now found worldwide.
289:. It likely originated in the
13:
1:
2649:Kenneth's white-toothed rat (
2208:10.1080/03014223.2005.9518406
1900:Encyclopedia of Public Health
1475:"Ancient Origins of Pet Rats"
868:
854:, Deshnoke, Rajasthan, India.
2919:Short-tailed bandicoot rat (
2486:Extant species of subfamily
2312:Wege, David (4 August 2010)
2177:10.1016/j.funeco.2009.03.001
2135:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.03.040
1917:Diseases and Human Evolution
1126:. Diane Publishing Company.
1065:The Wild Mammals of Missouri
800:Ponce Yacht and Fishing Club
692:
678:Streptobacillus moniliformis
7:
4531:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2877:Gray-bellied mountain rat (
2658:Manipur white-toothed rat (
2640:Bower's white-toothed rat (
1978:Jones and Bartlett Learning
1521:"Animal Species: Black Rat"
845:
607:
602:North Head, New South Wales
339:in 1758 for the black rat.
323:
10:
4552:
3770:MĂĽller's giant Sunda rat (
3752:Mountain giant Sunda rat (
2358:. IUCN. pp. 138–146.
1944:Bollet, Alfred J. (2004).
1324:10.1162/002219503322645439
1272:10.1038/s41467-022-30009-z
644:led to the decline of the
575:Black rats are considered
486:, and then throughout the
357:Rattus rattus alexandrinus
275:, is a common long-tailed
32:Black rat (disambiguation)
29:
4526:Mammals described in 1758
4385:
3997:
3924:
3902:
3860:
3782:
3723:
3650:
3473:
3415:
3220:
3178:
3062:
3043:
3021:
2999:
2975:
2953:
2931:
2898:
2865:
2843:
2821:
2799:
2712:
2670:
2631:Small white-toothed rat (
2611:
2561:
2549:Luzon broad-toothed rat (
2539:
2495:
2287:(1): 5–17. Archived from
2247:10.1007/s10340-015-0693-8
2076:10.1007/s00442-009-1523-6
1866:10.1080/10408410902989837
1525:Australian Museum website
1480:Santa Barbara Independent
1442:Donald W. Engels (1999).
1165:10.1017/s0003598x00042319
957:10.1007/s10530-018-1830-0
672:Pasteurella pneumotropica
415:
239:
232:
223:
200:
193:
95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
53:
41:
3503:Manus Island spiny rat (
3331:Little soft-furred rat (
3148:New Ireland forest rat (
2733:Yellow-haired hill rat (
2700:Lagre Luzon forest rat (
2599:Savile's bandicoot rat (
2033:"Rat Bacterial Diseases"
1950:Demos Medical Publishing
660:Corynebacterium kutsheri
654:Streptococcus pneumoniae
474:Distribution and habitat
363:Rattus rattus frugivorus
3964:Stenocephalomys–Xeromys
3912:Luzon short-nosed rat (
3881:Spiny long-footed rat (
3593:Pocock's highland rat (
3485:Vogelkop mountain rat (
3076:Philippine forest rat (
3031:Flores long-nosed rat (
2886:Mindanao mountain rat (
2590:Greater bandicoot rat (
2235:Journal of Pest Science
2115:Biological Conservation
1708:"Ecology of Ship Rats (
1410:10.1073/pnas.1412887112
1097:. London and New York:
3890:Kampalili moss mouse (
3821:Sulawesi montane rat (
3707:Rattus villosissimus (
3680:Australian swamp rat (
3367:Sahyadris forest rat (
3304:Lesser ricefield rat (
2787:Tana Toraja hill rat (
2778:Long-headed hill rat (
2581:Lesser bandicoot rat (
2319:14 August 2011 at the
1915:Barnes, Ethne (2007).
1640:Marsh, Rex E. (1994).
1303:McCormick, M. (2003).
1089:Engels, D. W. (1999).
1037:Gillespie, H. (2004).
903:: e.T19360A192565917.
783:. Pesticides, such as
702:As an invasive species
689:
572:
571:Black rat eating grain
549:southern beech forests
404:
394:
378:
4511:Mammals of Azerbaijan
4357:Paleobiology Database
3839:Sulawesi forest rat (
3394:Tawitawi forest rat (
3190:Himalayan field rat (
2691:Camiguin forest rat (
2410:"NBN Gateway – Taxon"
2339:Conservation Evidence
2231:Trichosurus vulpecula
2031:Boschert, K. (1991).
1854:Crit Rev Microbiology
1487:on 24 September 2015.
1252:Nature Communications
1147:Rackham, J. (1979). "
1122:Alderton, D. (1996).
818:Decline in population
687:
612:Black rats (or their
570:
538:Behaviour and ecology
400:
384:
377:
263:), also known as the
4521:Stored-product pests
4165:Fauna Europaea (new)
3009:Sulawesi giant rat (
2751:Fraternal hill rat (
2621:(White-toothed rats)
2294:on 27 September 2011
2001:Hays, J. N. (2005).
1498:"Nova: Rat Attack".
1124:Rodents of the World
1048:Animal Diversity Web
978:Linnæus, C. (1758).
937:Biological Invasions
830:(2006) and from the
789:sodium fluoroacetate
351:Rattus rattus rattus
3959:Pogonomys–Pseudomys
3803:Lovely-haired rat (
3461:Yellow-tailed rat (
3403:Malayan field rat (
3322:Mindoro black rat (
2742:Heavenly hill rat (
2724:Andrew's hill rat (
2398:. 31 December 2018.
2169:2009FunE....2..145V
2127:2010BCons.143.1558C
1808:2000AusEc..25..375C
1761:1982Ecol...63..763C
1401:2015PNAS..112.3020S
1264:2022NatCo..13.2399Y
949:2019BiInv..21..417B
666:Bacillus piliformis
464:Plague of Justinian
402:Museum of Osteology
291:Indian subcontinent
285:, in the subfamily
245:Linnaeus, 1758
65:Conservation status
3954:Oenomys–Pithecheir
3934:Aethomys–Chrotomys
3733:(Giant Sunda rats)
3629:Van Deusen's rat (
3103:Hoogerwerf's rat (
2987:Flores giant rat (
2043:on 18 October 1996
1682:. 22 November 2022
1601:Bennet, Stuart M.
1579:. 22 November 2022
1212:10.1007/BF00284943
1018:on 19 October 2016
812:Ponce, Puerto Rico
806:(Mice Island) and
690:
573:
451:It is a resilient
446:Justinianic Plague
405:
395:
379:
306:agricultural crops
4536:Rodents of Borneo
4506:Rodents of Europe
4478:
4477:
3991:Taxon identifiers
3982:
3981:
3872:Long-footed rat (
3830:Small-eared rat (
3743:Annandale's rat (
3719:
3718:
3689:Dusky field rat (
3575:New Guinean rat (
3566:Moss-forest rat (
3521:Spiny Ceram rat (
2831:Sody's tree rat (
2769:Inland hill rat (
2760:Karoko hill rat (
2381:978-2-8317-1962-7
2333:Lock, J. (2006).
2015:978-1-85109-658-9
1986:978-0-7637-0234-2
1958:978-1-888799-79-8
1929:978-0-8263-3066-6
1714:Agathis australis
1459:978-0-415-21251-9
1395:(10): 3020–3025.
1364:. 15 January 2018
1108:978-0-415-21251-9
1101:. pp. 1–17.
1075:978-0-8262-1359-4
852:Karni Mata Temple
725:Ogasawara islands
622:Oriental rat flea
591:Nesting behaviour
563:Diet and foraging
500:Rattus norvegicus
391:Rattus norvegicus
359:– Alexandrine rat
314:Karni Mata Temple
251:
250:
88:
27:Species of rodent
16:(Redirected from
4543:
4516:Mammals of Nepal
4471:
4470:
4458:
4457:
4445:
4444:
4432:
4431:
4419:
4418:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4378:
4377:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4315:
4313:NHMSYS0000080213
4303:
4302:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4276:
4264:
4263:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4198:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4172:
4160:
4159:
4147:
4146:
4134:
4133:
4121:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4095:
4094:
4082:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3986:
3985:
3949:Melasmothrix–Mus
3944:Hadromys–Maxomys
3832:T. microbullatus
3736:
3735:
3734:
3709:R. villosissimus
3698:Pale field rat (
3396:R. tawitawiensis
3286:Hoffmann's rat (
3252:R. argentiventer
3085:Polynesian rat (
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:(Bandicoot rats)
2519:Euarchontoglires
2480:
2473:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2450:Photos and video
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2324:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2278:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2039:. Archived from
2028:
2022:
1999:
1993:
1970:
1964:
1942:
1936:
1913:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1637:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1603:"The Black Rat (
1598:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1504:. 7 April 2010.
1495:
1489:
1488:
1483:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1159:(208): 112–120.
1144:
1138:
1137:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1014:. Archived from
998:
992:
991:
975:
969:
968:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
912:
882:
597:Northland Region
504:weather extremes
246:
228:
206:
103:
102:
82:
77:
76:
58:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4501:Rodents of Asia
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4466:
4461:
4453:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4427:
4422:
4414:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4381:
4373:
4368:
4360:
4355:
4347:
4344:Observation.org
4342:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4272:
4267:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4207:
4202:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4176:
4168:
4163:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4085:
4077:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4006:
3993:
3983:
3978:
3939:Colomys–Golunda
3920:
3898:
3856:
3805:T. callitrichus
3778:
3761:Bartels's rat (
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3715:
3646:
3584:Arianus's rat (
3577:R. novaeguineae
3548:Cape York rat (
3469:
3411:
3378:R. simalurensis
3333:R. mollicomulus
3295:Koopman's rat (
3250:Ricefield rat (
3243:R. andamanensis
3232:Sunburned rat (
3216:
3208:Turkestan rat (
3174:
3132:R. morotaiensis
3112:Korinch's rat (
3094:Hainald's rat (
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3017:
2995:
2989:P. armandvillei
2971:
2949:
2927:
2894:
2861:
2839:
2817:
2795:
2762:B. karokophilus
2708:
2666:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2535:
2491:
2484:
2446:
2434:
2432:Further reading
2429:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2414:data.nbn.org.uk
2408:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2350:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2323:. birdlife.org.
2321:Wayback Machine
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2276:
2266:
2262:
2227:
2223:
2188:
2184:
2149:
2142:
2111:
2107:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2000:
1996:
1971:
1967:
1943:
1939:
1914:
1910:
1893:
1889:
1850:
1846:
1827:
1823:
1796:Austral Ecology
1788:
1784:
1769:10.2307/1936797
1741:
1734:
1718:
1704:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1599:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1573:"Rattus Rattus"
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1517:
1513:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1452:. p. 111.
1440:
1436:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1239:
1235:
1192:
1188:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1000:
999:
995:
976:
972:
929:
925:
915:
913:
883:
876:
871:
848:
828:Bristol Channel
820:
773:
771:Control methods
752:Rattus fuscipes
737:
709:
704:
695:
610:
593:
565:
540:
476:
459:Yersinia pestis
434:Asian house rat
418:
372:
370:Characteristics
333:scientific name
326:
244:
219:
208:
202:
189:
97:
89:
78:
74:
67:
49:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4549:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4459:
4446:
4433:
4420:
4407:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4366:
4353:
4340:
4330:
4317:
4304:
4291:
4278:
4265:
4252:
4239:
4226:
4213:
4200:
4187:
4174:
4161:
4152:Fauna Europaea
4148:
4135:
4122:
4109:
4096:
4083:
4073:
4060:
4047:
4034:
4019:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3754:S. infraluteus
3749:
3739:
3737:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3613:R. richardsoni
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3487:R. arfakiensis
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3427:Bonthain rat (
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3385:Tanezumi rat (
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3340:Osgood's rat (
3337:
3328:
3324:R. mindorensis
3319:
3313:Mentawai rat (
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3277:Nonsense rat (
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3105:R. hoogerwerfi
3100:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3053:(Typical rats)
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2735:B. chrysocomus
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2583:B. bengalensis
2577:
2575:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2444:External links
2442:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2401:
2387:
2380:
2344:
2325:
2305:
2260:
2241:(2): 479–488.
2221:
2202:(3): 139–142.
2182:
2157:Fungal Ecology
2140:
2121:(6): 1558–63.
2105:
2054:
2023:
1994:
1965:
1937:
1908:
1894:Last, John M.
1887:
1860:(3): 221–270.
1844:
1821:
1802:(4): 375–385.
1782:
1755:(3): 763–772.
1732:
1712:) in a Kauri (
1693:
1680:Pest Solutions
1663:
1652:on 21 May 2011
1623:
1611:The Pied Piper
1590:
1577:Pest Solutions
1564:
1538:
1511:
1490:
1465:
1458:
1434:
1375:
1349:
1337:
1295:
1233:
1206:(3): 252–267.
1186:
1139:
1132:
1114:
1107:
1081:
1074:
1054:
1029:
993:
970:
943:(2): 417–433.
923:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
860:
858:Polynesian rat
855:
847:
844:
836:Outer Hebrides
832:Shiant Islands
819:
816:
772:
769:
757:micro-habitats
736:
733:
708:
705:
703:
700:
694:
691:
630:Weil's disease
618:bubonic plague
609:
606:
592:
589:
564:
561:
539:
536:
475:
472:
442:Roman conquest
417:
414:
371:
368:
367:
366:
360:
354:
325:
322:
300:and a serious
249:
248:
237:
236:
230:
229:
221:
220:
209:
198:
197:
191:
190:
186:R. rattus
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
72:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
51:
50:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4548:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4069:rattus-rattus
4065:
4061:
4057:
4056:Rattus_rattus
4052:
4048:
4044:
4043:Rattus_rattus
4039:
4035:
4030:
4029:Rattus rattus
4024:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3999:Rattus Rattus
3996:
3992:
3987:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3892:T. orientalis
3888:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3848:Tondano rat (
3846:
3844:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3814:T. celebensis
3812:Celebes rat (
3810:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3794:Salokko rat (
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3745:S. annandalei
3741:
3740:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3640:R. verecundus
3638:Slender rat (
3636:
3634:
3632:
3631:R. vandeuseni
3627:
3625:
3623:
3620:Stein's rat (
3618:
3616:
3614:
3611:Glacier rat (
3609:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3586:R. omichlodes
3582:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3557:Eastern rat (
3555:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3532:R. giluwensis
3528:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3438:R. marmosurus
3436:Opossum rat (
3434:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3405:R. tiomanicus
3401:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3376:Simalur rat (
3374:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3201:R. norvegicus
3197:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3184:R. norvegicus
3181:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3168:R. timorensis
3164:
3162:
3160:
3157:Andaman rat (
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3067:Enggano rat (
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2879:L. bryophilus
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2651:B. mackenziei
2647:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2272:Rattus rattus
2264:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:Rattus rattus
2186:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:(3): 145–48.
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:Rattus rattus
2147:
2145:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:(2): 449–60.
2069:
2065:
2058:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:"Black Death"
1891:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:Rattus rattus
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:Rattus rattus
1739:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:Rattus rattus
1702:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:Rattus rattus
1667:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:Rattus Rattus
1597:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1546:Tech, Texas.
1542:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:Rattus rattus
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:Rattus rattus
1190:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:Rattus rattus
1143:
1135:
1133:0-8160-3229-7
1129:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1041:Rattus rattus
1033:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1004:Rattus rattus
997:
989:
985:
983:
974:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Rattus rattus
927:
911:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
890:
889:Rattus rattus
881:
879:
874:
864:
861:
859:
856:
853:
850:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
768:
766:
760:
758:
754:
753:
748:
743:
732:
730:
729:Rattus rattus
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:Rattus rattus
707:Damage caused
699:
686:
682:
680:
679:
674:
673:
668:
667:
663:
661:
656:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:toxoplasmosis
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:ectoparasites
605:
603:
598:
588:
584:
582:
578:
569:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
535:
531:
529:
524:
522:
518:
517:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Norman period
413:
411:
403:
399:
392:
388:
383:
376:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
347:
345:
340:
338:
337:Carl Linnaeus
334:
330:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
260:Rattus rattus
256:
247:
243:
238:
235:
231:
227:
222:
217:
213:
207:
205:
204:Rattus rattus
199:
196:
195:Binomial name
192:
188:
187:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
81:
80:Least Concern
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4386:
3998:
3913:
3903:
3891:
3883:T. echinatus
3882:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3724:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3682:R. lutreolus
3681:
3672:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3541:R. jobiensis
3540:
3531:
3530:Giluwe rat (
3522:
3514:R. elaphinus
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3463:R. xanthurus
3462:
3453:
3446:
3445:Peleng rat (
3437:
3428:
3421:R. xanthurus
3420:
3419:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3288:R. hoffmanni
3287:
3278:
3270:R. blangorum
3269:
3261:R. baluensis
3260:
3259:Summit rat (
3251:
3242:
3241:Sikkim rat (
3233:
3225:
3224:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3141:R. ranjiniae
3140:
3139:Kerala rat (
3131:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3044:
3032:
3022:
3011:P. dominator
3010:
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2954:
2943:N. ceramicus
2942:
2932:
2920:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2878:
2866:
2855:K. rintjanus
2854:
2853:Komodo rat (
2844:
2832:
2823:Kadarsanomys
2822:
2810:
2800:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2753:B. fratrorum
2752:
2744:B. coelestis
2743:
2734:
2725:
2713:
2702:B. luzonicus
2701:
2692:
2683:
2682:Bagobo rat (
2671:
2660:B. manipulus
2659:
2650:
2641:
2633:B. berdmorei
2632:
2612:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2562:
2550:
2540:
2517:Superorder:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:
2404:
2390:
2354:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2284:
2280:
2271:
2263:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:the original
2036:
2026:
2002:
1997:
1973:
1968:
1945:
1940:
1916:
1911:
1899:
1890:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1709:
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1673:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1645:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:
1604:
1581:. Retrieved
1576:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:
1548:"Black Rats"
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1524:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1485:the original
1478:
1468:
1444:
1437:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1340:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1236:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1123:
1117:
1094:
1084:
1064:
1057:
1046:
1043:– house rat"
1040:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1009:
1003:
996:
987:
981:
973:
940:
936:
932:
926:
914:. Retrieved
900:
894:
888:
863:Urban plague
821:
808:Isla Cardona
804:Isla Ratones
797:
774:
761:
750:
746:
738:
735:Complex pest
728:
720:
716:
712:
710:
696:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
650:
611:
594:
585:
574:
557:North Island
553:South Island
541:
532:
525:
519:in parts of
514:
508:
499:
488:Roman Empire
477:
457:
450:
437:
419:
406:
390:
362:
356:
350:
344:color morphs
341:
335:proposed by
328:
327:
295:
280:
272:
268:
264:
259:
258:
254:
252:
241:
240:
203:
201:
185:
184:
172:
36:
4295:NatureServe
4204:iNaturalist
4023:Wikispecies
3874:T. apoensis
3841:T. punicans
3796:T. arcuatus
3772:S. muelleri
3691:R. sordidus
3673:R. fuscipes
3664:R. colletti
3662:Dusky rat (
3656:R. fuscipes
3602:Spiny rat (
3550:R. leucopus
3539:Japen rat (
3523:R. feliceus
3505:R. detentus
3496:R. arrogans
3479:R. leucopus
3429:R. bontanus
3387:R. tanezumi
3358:Black rat (
3351:R. palmarum
3297:R. koopmani
3210:R. pyctoris
3199:Brown rat (
3166:Timor rat (
3123:R. montanus
3121:Nillu rat (
3114:R. korinchi
3096:R. hainaldi
3078:R. everetti
2955:Palawanomys
2941:Ceram rat (
2888:L. sibuanus
2780:B. prolatus
2726:B. andrewsi
2551:A. latidens
1841:(1): 11–16.
1729:(1): 19–28.
1686:15 February
1676:– Roof rat"
1642:"Roof Rats"
1583:15 February
1557:15 February
1531:31 December
1318:(1): 1–25.
1258:(1): 2399.
916:19 November
793:brodifacoum
646:Black Death
638:trichinosis
581:generalists
544:home ranges
528:First Fleet
468:Black Death
438:R. tanezumi
430:postglacial
365:– fruit rat
4485:Categories
4387:Mus rattus
3914:T. adustus
3823:T. hamatus
3700:R. tunneyi
3671:Bush rat (
3604:R. praetor
3595:R. pococki
3512:Sula rat (
3455:R. salocco
3447:R. pelurus
3369:R. satarae
3349:Palm rat (
3342:R. osgoodi
3268:Aceh rat (
3234:R. adustus
3192:R. nitidus
3159:R. stoicus
3087:R. exulans
3069:R. enganus
2811:D. legatus
2801:Diplothrix
2789:B. torajae
2771:B. penitus
2684:B. bagobus
2642:B. bowersi
2601:B. savilei
2372:1893/29131
2341:: 111–113.
1200:Chromosoma
1022:19 October
982:Mus rattus
869:References
787:and 1080 (
642:brown rats
410:brown rats
353:– roof rat
329:Mus rattus
242:Mus rattus
18:Black rats
4402:Q43730976
3904:Tryphomys
3850:T. taerae
3622:R. steini
3559:R. mordax
3360:R. rattus
3315:R. lugens
3279:R. burrus
3226:R. rattus
3150:R. sanila
3001:Paruromys
2978:Papagomys
2965:P. furvus
2933:Nesoromys
2921:N. indica
2912:N. bunnii
2845:Komodomys
2592:B. indica
2564:Bandicota
2541:Abditomys
2499:Kingdom:
2452:at ARKive
2419:11 August
2084:1442-9993
2064:Oecologia
1882:205694138
1450:Routledge
1332:128567627
1153:Antiquity
1099:Routledge
721:R. rattus
717:R. rattus
693:Predators
620:(via the
577:omnivores
496:brown rat
492:Europeans
480:Near East
387:brown rat
273:house rat
255:black rat
180:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
42:Black rat
4442:10583830
4396:Wikidata
4300:2.104007
4287:13001776
4222:10200291
4076:BioLib:
4008:Wikidata
3928:See also
3863:Tarsomys
3785:Taeromys
3726:Sundamys
3568:R. niobe
3306:R. losea
3023:Paulamys
2868:Limnomys
2833:K. sodyi
2693:B. gamay
2673:Bullimus
2614:Berylmys
2529:Family:
2525:Rodentia
2513:Mammalia
2507:Chordate
2505:Phylum:
2501:Animalia
2490:(Rattus)
2317:Archived
2298:22 April
2255:13095387
2216:84513492
2100:25286223
2092:20033216
2047:22 April
2007:ABC-CLIO
1980:, 1997,
1952:, 2004,
1874:19548807
1656:22 April
1616:22 April
1429:25713390
1362:BBC News
1290:35504912
1228:12454478
1181:46387899
1173:11620121
1011:WAZA.org
965:67790305
846:See also
840:Inchcolm
765:truffles
608:Diseases
466:and the
331:was the
324:Taxonomy
318:Deshnoke
298:omnivore
269:ship rat
265:roof rat
234:Synonyms
212:Linnaeus
158:Family:
152:Rodentia
142:Mammalia
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
85:IUCN 3.1
47:Holocene
4463:ZooBank
4429:4409181
4274:1003659
4183:2439270
4014:Q106133
3763:S. maxi
3033:P. naso
2901:Nesokia
2715:Bunomys
2531:Muridae
2523:Order:
2511:Class:
2488:Murinae
2165:Bibcode
2123:Bibcode
1804:Bibcode
1777:1936797
1757:Bibcode
1749:Ecology
1420:4364181
1397:Bibcode
1368:6 March
1281:9064997
1260:Bibcode
1220:5088494
945:Bibcode
834:in the
826:in the
785:pindone
551:of the
428:during
287:Murinae
168:Genus:
162:Muridae
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
4496:Rattus
4455:993637
4375:993636
4362:232003
4333:NZOR:
4248:180362
4157:305700
4131:RATTRA
4118:328447
4064:ARKive
3974:Others
3969:Otomys
3046:Rattus
2378:
2253:
2214:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2013:
1990:p. 162
1984:
1956:
1933:p. 247
1927:
1904:eNotes
1880:
1872:
1831:Rattus
1775:
1456:
1427:
1417:
1330:
1288:
1278:
1226:
1218:
1179:
1171:
1130:
1105:
1091:"Rats"
1072:
963:
777:kokako
747:et al.
711:After
675:, and
626:typhus
516:mautam
511:bamboo
453:vector
426:Levant
416:Origin
282:Rattus
277:rodent
173:Rattus
4450:WoRMS
4437:IRMNG
4416:11913
4411:EUNIS
4370:WoRMS
4326:10117
4261:19360
4235:46831
4217:IRMNG
4209:44575
4144:11327
4139:EUNIS
4105:4RM6W
4092:12345
4079:20621
3658:group
3481:group
3423:group
3228:group
3186:group
2292:(PDF)
2277:(PDF)
2251:S2CID
2212:S2CID
2096:S2CID
2019:p. 64
1962:p. 23
1878:S2CID
1773:JSTOR
1719:(PDF)
1328:S2CID
1308:(PDF)
1224:S2CID
1177:S2CID
961:S2CID
824:Lundy
781:mohua
742:niche
521:India
484:Egypt
310:India
271:, or
4424:GBIF
4349:7695
4321:NCBI
4256:IUCN
4243:ITIS
4191:GISD
4178:GBIF
4126:EPPO
4087:BOLD
2421:2016
2376:ISBN
2300:2011
2088:PMID
2080:ISSN
2049:2011
2011:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1870:PMID
1688:2024
1658:2011
1618:2011
1585:2024
1559:2024
1533:2010
1501:Nova
1454:ISBN
1425:PMID
1370:2023
1344:url=
1286:PMID
1216:PMID
1169:PMID
1128:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1024:2016
918:2021
901:2021
779:and
636:and
482:and
302:pest
253:The
216:1758
4308:NBN
4282:MSW
4269:MDD
4230:ISC
4113:EoL
4100:CoL
4051:AFD
4038:ADW
2368:hdl
2360:doi
2243:doi
2204:doi
2173:doi
2131:doi
2119:143
2072:doi
2068:163
1862:doi
1812:doi
1765:doi
1506:PBS
1415:PMC
1405:doi
1393:112
1320:doi
1276:PMC
1268:doi
1208:doi
1161:doi
953:doi
905:doi
624:),
316:in
4487::
4465::
4452::
4439::
4426::
4413::
4398::
4372::
4359::
4346::
4323::
4310::
4297::
4284::
4271::
4258::
4245::
4232::
4219::
4206::
4196:19
4193::
4180::
4167::
4154::
4141::
4128::
4115::
4102::
4089::
4066::
4053::
4040::
4025::
4010::
3660::
3483::
3425::
3230::
3188::
2412:.
2374:.
2366:.
2337:.
2285:19
2283:.
2279:.
2249:.
2239:89
2237:.
2210:.
2200:32
2198:.
2171:.
2159:.
2143:^
2129:.
2117:.
2094:.
2086:.
2078:.
2066:.
2035:.
2017:,
2009:,
2005:,
1988:,
1976:,
1960:,
1948:,
1931:,
1923:,
1919:,
1902:,
1898:,
1876:.
1868:.
1858:35
1856:.
1839:30
1837:.
1810:.
1800:25
1798:.
1771:.
1763:.
1753:63
1751:.
1735:^
1727:18
1725:.
1721:.
1696:^
1678:.
1644:.
1626:^
1609:.
1607:)"
1593:^
1575:.
1550:.
1523:.
1477:.
1448:.
1423:.
1413:.
1403:.
1391:.
1387:.
1360:.
1326:.
1316:34
1314:.
1310:.
1284:.
1274:.
1266:.
1256:13
1254:.
1250:.
1222:.
1214:.
1204:33
1202:.
1175:.
1167:.
1157:53
1155:.
1093:.
1045:.
1008:.
1006:)"
986:.
959:.
951:.
941:21
939:.
899:.
893:.
877:^
814:.
669:,
657:,
632:,
628:,
523:.
506:.
346::
320:.
267:,
214:,
3916:)
3894:)
3885:)
3876:)
3852:)
3843:)
3834:)
3825:)
3816:)
3807:)
3798:)
3774:)
3765:)
3756:)
3747:)
3711:)
3702:)
3693:)
3684:)
3675:)
3666:)
3642:)
3633:)
3624:)
3615:)
3606:)
3597:)
3588:)
3579:)
3570:)
3561:)
3552:)
3543:)
3534:)
3525:)
3516:)
3507:)
3498:)
3489:)
3465:)
3449:)
3440:)
3431:)
3407:)
3398:)
3389:)
3380:)
3371:)
3362:)
3353:)
3344:)
3335:)
3326:)
3317:)
3308:)
3299:)
3290:)
3281:)
3272:)
3263:)
3254:)
3245:)
3236:)
3212:)
3203:)
3194:)
3170:)
3161:)
3152:)
3143:)
3134:)
3125:)
3116:)
3107:)
3098:)
3089:)
3080:)
3071:)
3035:)
3013:)
2991:)
2967:)
2945:)
2923:)
2914:)
2890:)
2881:)
2857:)
2835:)
2813:)
2791:)
2782:)
2773:)
2764:)
2755:)
2746:)
2737:)
2728:)
2704:)
2695:)
2686:)
2662:)
2653:)
2644:)
2635:)
2603:)
2594:)
2585:)
2553:)
2479:e
2472:t
2465:v
2423:.
2384:.
2370::
2362::
2302:.
2257:.
2245::
2218:.
2206::
2179:.
2175::
2167::
2161:2
2137:.
2133::
2125::
2102:.
2074::
2051:.
2021:.
1992:.
1935:.
1884:.
1864::
1818:.
1814::
1806::
1779:.
1767::
1759::
1690:.
1672:"
1660:.
1620:.
1587:.
1561:.
1535:.
1508:.
1462:.
1431:.
1407::
1399::
1372:.
1334:.
1322::
1292:.
1270::
1262::
1230:.
1210::
1183:.
1163::
1136:.
1111:.
1078:.
1051:.
1039:"
1026:.
984:"
980:"
967:.
955::
947::
920:.
907::
891:"
887:"
662:,
498:(
456:(
436:(
393:)
389:(
257:(
218:)
210:(
87:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
