447:
546:, met Lord Rosse in 2010 while visiting the demesne in search of suitable quiet sites for radio-telescopy projects, and they agreed to repurpose an old sheep yard. The agreement led to the establishment of the Rosse Solar-Terrestrial Observatory, a Trinity College Dublin project, which was formally opened and blessed on 28 June 2014 (though already fully functional), with antennae picking up solar activity, even in cloudy weather. The sheep pen building was converted into a control room, and a magnetometer, jointly operated between TCD and the
75:
62:
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Little Brosna. As an international LOFAR station it has twice the number of antennas of a Dutch remote station, and four times the number of antennas of a core Dutch station. It consists of 192 antennas (96 antennas, each with two polarisations) for each antenna type for a total of 384 antennas. I-LOFAR is the westernmost station in the LOFAR network. The I-LOFAR telescope, in 2018, observed for the first time a billion-year-old
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82:
259:(died 1628) was granted Birr Castle and 1,277 acres (5.2 km) of land in 1620. Parsons engaged English masons in the construction of a new castle. This construction took place, not on the site of the O'Carrolls' Black Tower (since disappeared), but at its gatehouse. "Flankers" were added to the gatehouse diagonally at either side, giving the castle the plan it retains today.
285:. When completed in 1845, it was the largest telescope on Earth, and capable of capturing more light and seeing further into space than any telescope had done before. Birr, therefore, became a focus for astronomical observations, and visitors came to visit the observatory from all over the world—including
557:
In the meantime, the project team started work on establishing the I-LOFAR radio-telescope station (IE613), a node in a Europe-spanning network, which was largely built in 2016, and was switched on at Birr in 2017. It was constructed in fields in the Mount Palmer area, between the Rivers Camcor and
534:
network, known as I-LOFAR, as well as some other smaller radio telescopes. I-LOFAR is operated on behalf of a consortium of Irish educational institutions. These operations have brought astronomical research activity back to Birr after a century-long gap since the decommissioning of the
Leviathan.
1065:
An important day in the history of Birr Castle took place on
Saturday afternoon when a new space observatory was officially launched. ... possible that one day it could detect the existence of extra-terrestrial life. ... called the Rosse Solar-Terrestrial Observatory and it is located in former
335:
The demesne runs south and south-east of Birr town centre. The main public entrance is through a courtyard; there is no direct public access to the castle, which faces into the demesne, with an internal gate on a bridge over a dry moat separating the castle's inner surrounds from the broader
371:, a museum of Ireland's historic scientists and their contributions to astronomy and botany. The museum lies within a courtyard off William Street. Its displays touch on astronomy, engineering, photography, botany and other topics. Laurence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse and his mother,
501:
with a 183-cm (72 in) reflector. It was completed in 1845 and was used for several decades before the last observations were made in the first years of the 20th century. Its record size was not surpassed until the completion of the 100-inch (2.5-meter)
437:
The grounds also contain a plantation of sequoia redwoods from
California, Giants' Grove, organised by the estate and Crann, which are available for sponsorship, and the trees from a past sponsorship scheme operated with the Tree Council of Ireland.
336:
parkland. The entrance courtyard contains the
Science Centre, café, shop and garden entrance, while the family have an ornamental private road gateway, with a large adjoining gate lodge, occupied by a staff member, just to the north.
506:
at Mount Wilson
Observatory in 1917. It was dismantled in 1914, but the structure was restored and the telescope reconstructed in the 1990s and is accessible to the public, with occasional demonstrations of its movement, and talks.
1066:
farmsheds and fields in the Mount Palmer section of the
Demesne. A number of antennae are already in place in the Mount Palmer area, the farm sheds have been considerably renovated, and €300,000 has been raised for the project. ...
355:, which in turn marks the border between Counties Offaly and Tipperary, and flows on to the Shannon. The demesne is open to the public for a fee, with an annual subscription available for
266:, William was besieged at Parsonstown (as Birr was then) by Catholic forces for fifteen months. After the civil war, William's son Laurence (baronet from 1677) refurbished the castle.
230:
are publicly accessible, and include a science museum and a café, a reflecting telescope which was the largest in the world for decades and a modern radio telescope.
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926:
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888:
Stone structure, built c.1879, as part of the civil engineering works regulating the flow of the Camcor river mainly for generating electricity at the turbine.
550:, was also installed. Already by 2012, solar bursts were being documented, and a major solar burst was detected by the Birr system in 2014 and reported in
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2602:
768:
375:, were eminent photographers, and her darkroom, which is also on show within the museum, is believed to be the oldest surviving example in the world.
1020:
587:
1301:
570:, almost 75 trillion kilometres away. There is a viewing point provided for visitors to the demesne to overlook the telescope structure.
303:
is noted for measuring the heat of the moon. After his death in 1908, however, the telescope fell into disrepair; the mirror was taken to the
105:
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leases land on the grounds of Birr Castle
Demesne on which they operate the Rosse Observatory, which includes the Irish station of the
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812:
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After the death of Sir
Laurence Parsons and of his elder son Richard, the castle passed to his younger son William. During the
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The demesne's charitable foundation offers quarterly, half-yearly and annual memberships, including unlimited visiting.
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1263:. Vol. 1 (107th ed.). Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. p. 1327.
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The astronomical projects are situated near the Little Brosna River and the County
Tipperary border. Astrophysicist
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314:
Following several intermediate restoration attempts, the telescope was restored more completely in the late 1990s.
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Yes, the gardens and science centre are open all year round. The Castle interiors are open in the summer for tours.
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and his family, and as the castle is generally not open to the public, though the grounds and gardens of the
1078:
Zucca, P.; Carley, E. P.; McCauley, J.; Gallagher, P. T.; Monstein, C.; McAteer, R. T. J. (1 October 2012).
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in London, and, circa 1914, the telescope's metal supporting structure was melted down to be used in the
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1080:"Observations of Low Frequency Solar Radio Bursts from the Rosse Solar-Terrestrial Observatory"
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The Irish entry to the 2014 European Tree of the Year contest was the Birr Castle Grey Poplar (
304:
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1967:
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The Castle
Courtyard Café and a small shop are in the same courtyard as the Science Centre.
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There has been a castle on the site since 1170, and from the 14th to the 17th centuries the
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426:). In February 2014, while voting was still open, it was blown down in a storm.
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1194:"A census of rotating radio transients at 150 MHz with the Irish LOFAR station"
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1021:"'Leviathan' part of bigger picture showing contribution of Irish scientists"
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Birr radio telescope catches flaring red dwarf 75 trillion kilometres away
1005:. Birr, County Offaly: The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation. 1997.
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399:. There was also an early hydroelectric station by the bridge and castle.
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A major feature on the grounds of the castle is the "Great Telescope" or
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When the 3rd Earl died, his sons continued the scientific tradition, and
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McKenna, D. J.; Keane, E. F.; Gallagher, P. T.; McCauley, J. (2024).
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27:
17th-century castle with demesne, telescopes and science museum
1444:
277:" the castle in the early 19th century. In turn, his son, the
1274:
1191:
1077:
952:"European tree of the year contender blows over in storms"
717:"Birr Castle demesne, Voyage of discovery: Family History"
648:. Birr, County Offaly: Birr Castle and Demesne. June 2018.
1142:
744:"Ireland's Historic Birr Castle Receives a Chic Makeover"
410:
that are over 300 years old. They are also, according to
1261:
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage (3 volumes)
273:—also engaged in some re-building, and heightened and "
1309:
1059:"Big Day For Birr With Launch Of Solar Observatory".
646:
Birr Castle Gardens and Science Centre Visitor Guide
362:
281:, was responsible for the construction of the great
16:
This article is about the castle. For the town, see
453:signing his book "The Astronomy of Birr Castle" at
343:Banner of the Earl of Rosse, flown atop the castle
1198:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1007:(15) The Family Trees ... Tree Council of Ireland
2574:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
2583:Buildings and structures in Birr, County Offaly
855:The Rough Guide to Ireland, 9th Edition; p 219
678:
676:
674:
255:After the death of Sir Charles O'Carroll, Sir
248:family ruled from here over an area known as "
1295:
811:The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation.
715:The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation.
683:The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation.
659:The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation.
625:
613:The Birr Scientific and Heritage Foundation.
429:
391:The grounds of the castle contain the oldest
671:
201:
40:
2603:Science museums in the Republic of Ireland
2562:Historic houses in the Republic of Ireland
1302:
1288:
995:
977:"Become a "Friend" of Birr Castle Demesne"
969:
865:
1227:
1209:
1160:
1095:
1071:
1003:Birr Castle Demesne - Voyage of Discovery
835:Birr Castle, Gardens & Science Centre
510:
1143:Van Haarlem, M. P.; et al. (2013).
927:"Storm casualties: Ireland's lost trees"
514:
460:
445:
386:
338:
326:
741:
2575:
1258:
702:
1283:
548:Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
523:radio telescope in the castle grounds
472:The "Great Telescope" – The Leviathan
1018:
367:The castle grounds are also home to
2557:Historic houses in Northern Ireland
813:"Ireland's Historic Science Centre"
301:Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse
271:Laurence Parsons, 2nd Earl of Rosse
81:
13:
793:Detail on telescope reconstruction
417:, the tallest hedge in the world.
154:Brendan Parsons, 7th Earl of Rosse
14:
2614:
1310:Historic Irish houses and castles
1268:
369:Ireland's Historic Science Centre
363:Ireland's Historic Science Centre
1443:
1145:"LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray"
815:. BirrCastle.com. Archived from
663:. BirrCastle.com. Archived from
617:. BirrCastle.com. Archived from
378:
294:Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial
80:
73:
60:
1236:
1185:
1136:
1038:
1012:
944:
919:
893:
849:
823:
804:
786:
395:bridge in Ireland, dating from
373:Mary Parsons, Countess of Rosse
761:
735:
708:
695:
652:
606:
580:
357:Friends of Birr Castle Demesne
317:
1:
1725:Castlemartin House and Estate
1259:Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003).
1252:
873:"hydroelectric power station"
1149:Astronomy & Astrophysics
742:O’Byrne, Robert (May 2015).
441:
7:
2331:Archbishop's Palace, Armagh
1179:10.1051/0004-6361/201220873
521:low-frequency array I-LOFAR
322:
10:
2619:
831:"Photography - Mary Rosse"
475:
430:Membership and sponsorship
237:
233:
15:
2549:
2316:
2038:Castle Gurteen de la Poer
1938:
1620:
1452:
1441:
1315:
1114:10.1007/s11207-012-9992-x
798:27 September 2008 at the
685:"Birr Castle, Co. Offaly"
174:
169:
159:
149:
144:
136:
99:
68:
59:
50:
37:
32:
2598:Museums in County Offaly
2593:Gardens in County Offaly
2588:Castles in County Offaly
1245:Irish Times, 2018-03-27.
573:
484:Leviathan of Parsonstown
478:Leviathan of Parsonstown
466:Leviathan of Parsonstown
414:Guinness Book of Records
222:. It is the home of the
2088:Desmond Castle, Kinsale
1810:Killeen Castle, Dunsany
1171:2013A&A...556A...2V
1046:"The Rosse Observatory"
406:in the grounds feature
347:Birr's main river, the
264:Irish Rebellion of 1641
1229:10.1093/mnras/stad2900
773:www.askaboutireland.ie
544:Trinity College Dublin
528:Trinity College Dublin
524:
519:The Irish node of the
511:Modern radio astronomy
468:
458:
344:
332:
202:
41:
20:. For other uses, see
2213:Mount Trenchard House
1968:Ballinskelligs Castle
819:on 18 September 2008.
661:"Birr Castle Grounds"
621:on 21 September 2008.
518:
464:
449:
387:Parklands and gardens
342:
330:
22:Birr (disambiguation)
2411:Cloughoughter Castle
2381:Carrickfergus Castle
2371:Blessingbourne House
2341:Bailieborough Castle
2273:Shanmuckinish Castle
1963:Ballinalacken Castle
1948:Abbeville, Tipperary
1870:Middleton Park House
1562:Luttrellstown Castle
748:Architectural Digest
121:53.09536°N 7.91476°W
2481:Hillsborough Castle
2058:Craggaunowen Castle
1973:Ballycarbery Castle
1492:Carrickmines Castle
1345:Ballynahinch Castle
1275:Birr Castle Demesne
1220:2024MNRAS.527.4397M
1106:2012SoPh..280..591Z
981:Birr Castle Demesne
769:"Parsons, Laurence"
667:on 21 January 2008.
594:on 17 November 2017
492:third Earl of Rosse
488:The Rosse Telescope
423:Populus × canescens
353:Little Brosna River
269:A later descendant—
117: /
53:Birr, County Offaly
18:Birr, County Offaly
2476:Grianan of Aileach
2326:Altinaghree Castle
2243:Parkavonear Castle
2173:King John's Castle
2003:Bourchier's Castle
1988:Barryscourt Castle
1978:Ballyhannon Castle
1780:Enniscorthy Castle
1770:Durhamstown Castle
1740:Charleville Castle
1670:Barberstown Castle
1665:Ballinlough Castle
1597:Rathfarnham Castle
1497:Castleknock Castle
1472:Áras an Uachtaráin
1355:Classiebawn Castle
956:www.irishtimes.com
931:www.irishtimes.com
723:on 15 January 2012
540:Peter T. Gallagher
525:
469:
459:
345:
333:
126:53.09536; -7.91476
2570:
2569:
2501:Lough Eske Castle
2401:Castle Saunderson
2283:Strancally Castle
1895:Russborough House
1885:Powerscourt House
1820:Killruddery House
1800:Huntington Castle
1785:Foulksrath Castle
1750:Dardistown Castle
1705:Blessington House
1487:Baggotrath Castle
1462:Abbeville, Dublin
1425:Strokestown House
1330:Aughnanure Castle
983:. 20 January 2017
861:978-1-85828-056-1
691:on 7 August 2008.
283:telescope at Birr
279:3rd Earl of Rosse
224:7th Earl of Rosse
189:
188:
2610:
2536:Springhill House
2511:Mongavlin Castle
2466:Glenveagh Castle
2446:Dungannon Castle
2406:Clandeboye House
2386:Castle Caulfield
2346:Ballymoyer House
2298:Waterford Castle
2203:Moorstown Castle
2178:Knappogue Castle
2133:Ennistymon House
2123:Dunkerron Castle
2103:Dromoland Castle
2093:Doonagore Castle
2083:Derryquin Castle
1958:Ardfinnan Castle
1915:Summerhill House
1890:Rock of Dunamase
1735:Castletown House
1655:Athlumney Castle
1640:Ardbraccan House
1630:Allenstown House
1622:Rest of Leinster
1592:Mornington House
1572:Manderley Castle
1502:Chichester House
1477:Ardgillan Castle
1467:Aldborough House
1447:
1380:Eyrecourt Castle
1375:Dunsandle Castle
1370:Dunguaire Castle
1340:Ballymote Castle
1335:Ballymore Castle
1304:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1213:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1164:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1099:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1019:Ahlstrom, Dick.
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
903:. Archived from
897:
891:
890:
885:
883:
869:
863:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
827:
821:
820:
808:
802:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
719:. Archived from
712:
706:
699:
693:
692:
687:. Archived from
680:
669:
668:
656:
650:
649:
642:
623:
622:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
590:. Archived from
584:
504:Hooker Telescope
257:Lawrence Parsons
205:
203:Caisleán Bhiorra
185:
183:
145:Site information
132:
131:
129:
128:
127:
122:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
84:
83:
77:
64:
55:
44:
42:Caisleán Bhiorra
30:
29:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2545:
2531:Rossmore Castle
2526:Richhill Castle
2521:Parkanaur House
2506:Monellan Castle
2426:Derrymore House
2366:Bellamont House
2312:
2308:Woodstown House
2193:Listowel Castle
2183:Leamaneh Castle
2168:Kiltinan Castle
2163:Killarney House
2143:Gallarus Castle
2128:Dunlough Castle
2113:Dunasead Castle
2023:Cappoquin House
2008:Bunratty Castle
1934:
1920:Tallaght Castle
1905:Stradbally Hall
1880:Portlick Castle
1865:Marlfield House
1860:Maynooth Castle
1840:Lisnavagh House
1825:Kinnitty Castle
1815:Kilkenny Castle
1795:Humewood Castle
1760:Duckett's Grove
1690:Belvedere House
1685:Bellinter House
1650:Athclare Castle
1616:
1602:Roebuck, Dublin
1567:Malahide Castle
1517:Drimnagh Castle
1507:Clontarf Castle
1448:
1439:
1405:Lissadell House
1400:Kilronan Castle
1390:Hazelwood House
1311:
1308:
1271:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1190:
1186:
1141:
1137:
1076:
1072:
1063:. 3 July 2020.
1061:Midland Tribune
1058:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1025:The Irish Times
1017:
1013:
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
950:
949:
945:
935:
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925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
901:"The Box Hedge"
899:
898:
894:
881:
879:
871:
870:
866:
854:
850:
840:
838:
837:. 25 March 2016
829:
828:
824:
809:
805:
800:Wayback Machine
791:
787:
777:
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2471:Gosford Castle
2468:
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2461:Glenarm Castle
2458:
2456:Florence Court
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2451:Dunluce Castle
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2421:Dartrey Forest
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2258:Rock of Cashel
2255:
2253:Redwood Castle
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Ormonde Castle
2235:
2230:
2228:Newtown Castle
2225:
2220:
2218:Muckross House
2215:
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2208:Mount Congreve
2205:
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2198:Macroom Castle
2195:
2190:
2188:Lismore Castle
2185:
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2158:Killagha Abbey
2155:
2153:Kilcash Castle
2150:
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1765:Dunsany Castle
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1695:Bellevue House
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1680:Beaulieu House
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Avondale House
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Athlone Castle
1642:
1637:
1635:Altamont House
1632:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
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1587:Merrion Castle
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1552:Leinster House
1549:
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1532:Frescati House
1529:
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1438:
1437:
1435:Westport House
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Parke's Castle
1417:
1412:
1410:Markree Castle
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Glanleam House
1392:
1387:
1385:Fiddaun Castle
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Clonalis House
1362:
1360:Clifden Castle
1357:
1352:
1350:Castle Hackett
1347:
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1332:
1327:
1325:Ashford Castle
1321:
1319:
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1307:
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1269:External links
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1090:(2): 591–602.
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907:on 1 July 2008
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216:County Offaly
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31:
23:
19:
2496:Lissan House
2391:Castle Coole
2293:Vernon Mount
2233:O'Dea Castle
2098:Dough Castle
2063:Croom Castle
2053:Castle Otway
2043:Castle Maine
2018:Cahir Castle
1993:Black Castle
1983:Bantry House
1925:Townley Hall
1900:Slane Castle
1875:Mount Loftus
1730:Castle Roche
1715:Carton House
1710:Butler House
1699:
1675:Bargy Castle
1547:Iveagh House
1542:Howth Castle
1430:Tyrone House
1415:Menlo Castle
1260:
1238:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:
1014:
1006:
1002:
997:
985:. Retrieved
980:
971:
959:. Retrieved
955:
946:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
909:. Retrieved
905:the original
895:
887:
880:. Retrieved
877:europeana.eu
876:
867:
851:
839:. Retrieved
834:
825:
817:the original
806:
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:
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751:. Retrieved
747:
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725:. Retrieved
721:the original
710:
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689:the original
665:the original
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619:the original
608:
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592:the original
582:
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349:River Camcor
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261:
254:
243:
193:
192:
190:
170:Site history
160:Open to
39:
2541:Tynan Abbey
2491:Inch Castle
2486:Hope Castle
2416:Crom Castle
2376:Burt Castle
2356:Baronscourt
2268:Ross Castle
2073:Damer House
2068:Curraghmore
1953:Adare Manor
1930:Trim Castle
1845:Loftus Hall
1830:Leap Castle
1700:Birr Castle
1557:Lucan Manor
1204:(3): 4397.
1030:15 December
911:15 November
841:15 December
778:15 December
753:15 December
703:Mosley 2003
318:The Demesne
194:Birr Castle
124: /
100:Coordinates
88:Birr Castle
33:Birr Castle
2577:Categories
2431:Doe Castle
2138:Fota House
1253:References
1211:2302.12661
987:26 October
882:13 October
566:called CN
564:flare star
542:, then of
476:See also:
408:Box Hedges
331:The castle
275:Gothicised
238:See also:
109:53°05′43″N
2303:Woodhouse
2248:Red House
1775:Emo Court
1537:Hillcourt
1527:Farmleigh
1512:Deerfield
1162:1305.3550
1130:255073082
1122:0038-0938
1097:1204.0943
560:red-dwarf
499:telescope
442:Astronomy
246:O'Carroll
112:7°54′53″W
2553:See also
1317:Connacht
961:3 August
936:3 August
796:Archived
727:11 March
323:Location
1940:Munster
1216:Bibcode
1167:Bibcode
1102:Bibcode
701:cites:
598:14 June
490:of the
234:History
228:demesne
220:Ireland
180: (
2318:Ulster
1454:Dublin
1155:: A2.
1128:
1120:
859:
457:– 1985
291:H.I.H.
208:castle
140:Castle
1206:arXiv
1157:arXiv
1126:S2CID
1092:arXiv
574:Notes
532:LOFAR
494:, an
198:Irish
175:Built
150:Owner
1118:ISSN
1032:2020
989:2020
963:2021
938:2021
913:2007
884:2020
857:ISBN
843:2020
780:2020
755:2020
729:2012
600:2012
455:NIHE
412:The
402:The
397:1820
289:and
212:Birr
182:1170
178:1170
137:Type
1224:doi
1202:527
1175:doi
1153:556
1110:doi
1088:280
568:Leo
486:or
252:".
214:in
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196:(
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24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
