72:
916:) by the Soviet playwright Victor Fink celebrated Birobidzhan as the coming together of three communities-the Koreans, the Amur Cossacks and the Jews. Each community has its own good and bad characters, but ultimately the good characters from each community learn to co-operate and work with each other. To symbolize the unity achieved, the play ends with mixed marriages with one Jewish character marrying a Korean, another Jewish character marrying a Cossack and a Cossack marrying a Korean. Likewise, the Soviet Yiddish writer Emmanuil Kazakevich portrayed in a poem the achievement of Birobidzhan being declared the Jewish Autonomous Region on 7 May 1934 as an inter-communal event with the members of the Amur Cossack Host coming out to join the celebrations. Kazkevich's poem had a basis in reality-many members of the Amur Cossack Host hoped that Birobidzhan signalled Soviet interest in the neglected region along the banks of the Amur river.
886:
3379:
2197:
2194:
3422:
1812:
1799:
128:
1171:
being taught Jewish songs, dance and traditions. It is a public school that offers a half-day
Yiddish and Jewish curriculum for those parents who choose it. About half the school's 120 pupils are enrolled in the Yiddish course. Many of them continue on to Public School No. 2, which offers the same half-day Yiddish/Jewish curriculum from first through 12th grade. Yiddish is also offered at Birobidzhan's Pedagogical Institute, one of the only university-level Yiddish courses in the country. Today, the town's fourteen public schools must teach Yiddish and Jewish tradition.
3240:
3037:Городская Дума. Решение №242 от 30 июня 2005 г. «Об уставе муниципального образования "Город Биробиджан" Еврейской автономной области», в ред. Решения №166 от 24 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Биробиджан" Еврейской автономной области, утверждённый Решением городской Думы от 30.06.2005 №242». Вступил в силу после государственной регистрации через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (11 декабря 2005 г.). Опубликован: "МИГ", №47, 1 декабря 2005 г.
445:
156:
952:. Large numbers of them remained even after 2 million of them departed for other countries prior to the formation of the Soviet Union. While thousands of Jews migrated to Birobidzhan, the hardship and isolation caused most to leave. In 1939 the Jewish population made up less than twenty percent of the overall population. Shortly after World War II, the Jewish population in the region reached its peak of about 30,000. As of the mid-2010s, only about 2,000 Jews remain in the region, making up about one half of a percent of the population.
99:
1773:
89:
3066:Законодательное Собрание Еврейской автономной области. Закон №226-ОЗ от 26 ноября 2003 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа "город Биробиджан"», в ред. Закона №340-ОЗ от 2 ноября 2004 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законы Еврейской автономной области о статусе и границе муниципальных районов, городского округа». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанская звезда", №93, 23 декабря 2003 г.
786:
1838:
1825:
1786:
163:
135:
897:. After Lord Marley met with Peter Smidovich and Jacob Tsegelnitski in August 1932, Marley became a proponent of Birobidzhan as a new homeland for Jewish workers and refugees. His visit to Birobidzhan in October 1933 was organized by Smidovich himself. Marley's assessment of the area was positive, and he became a more avid supporter of the settlement of Birobidzhan.
836:
citizens, some disillusioned by modern cultures with a desire to work the land and promote socialist ideals, with few interested in establishing a cultural homeland. Ulterior motives generated by the Soviet government were the primary reasons for the Jewish relocation to
Birobidzhan. They were strategically relocated from their native areas of
3054:Законодательное Собрание Еврейской автономной области. Закон №982-ОЗ от 20 июля 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Еврейской автономной области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанская звезда", №54, 29 июля 2011 г.
861:. As Jews relocated to Birobidzhan, they had to compete with the approximately 27,000 Russians, Cossacks, Koreans, and Ukrainians already residing there for property and land to develop new homes. This complicated the transition for the Jewish population, as there was no significant area to claim as their own.
941:
821:
Jewish communists believed that the Soviet Union's creation of
Birobidzhan was the "only true and sensible solution to the national question." The Soviet government used the slogan "To the Jewish Homeland!" to encourage Jewish workers to move to Birobidzhan. The slogan proved successful in convincing
805:
of the Jewish
Autonomous Oblast in 1934, and town status was granted to it in 1937. The 36,000 km of Birobidzhan were approved by the Politburo on March 28, 1928. After the Bolshevik revolution, the Soviet Union contained two organizations that worked with the Jews settling into Birobidzhan, the
959:
of the Jewish community, was meant to help integrate the Jewish population into the Soviet population. The language would ensure 'national in form, socialist in content' was being followed by the Soviet Jewry. Many government officials in the
Kremlin were under the impression that Birobidzhan was to
868:
When the
Stalinist purges began, shortly after the creation of Birobidzhan, Jews there were targeted. Following World War II, tens of thousands of displaced Eastern European Jews found their way to Birobidzhan from 1946 to 1948. Some were Ukrainian and Belarusian Jews who were not allowed to return
835:
Although
Birobidzhan was meant to serve as a home for the Jewish population, the idea struggled to become reality. There were no important cultural connections between the land and the Jewish settlers. The growing population was culturally diverse, with some settlers focused on being modern Russian
904:
played a large part in promoting
Birobidzhan, although he himself did not really live there. Bergelson wrote articles in the Yiddish language newspapers in other countries extolling the region as an ideal escape from antisemitism elsewhere. At least 1,000 families from the United States and Latin
1170:
texts. The town now boasts several state-run schools that teach
Yiddish, as well as an Anglo-Yiddish faculty at its higher education college, a Yiddish school for religious instruction and a kindergarten. The five- to seven-year-olds spend two lessons a week learning to speak Yiddish, as well as
1081:
Rabbi Eli Riss has set out to return the Jewish culture to the Jewish
Autonomous Oblast. The current slogan is "make Birobidzhan Jewish again". The people want this to include teaching Yiddish in the school systems again as well as celebrating the variety of Jewish holidays. Riss' parents were
1078:, titled, "Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage", examined the current status of the city and suggested that, even though the Jewish Autonomous Region in Russia's far east is now barely 1% Jewish, officials hope to woo back people who left after Soviet collapse.
826:
received permission from the Soviet government to aid Jewish families traveling to Birobidzhan from Poland, Romania, Lithuania and Germany. Jewish workers and engineers traveled to Birobidzhan from Argentina and the United States as well. This campaign by the Soviet government was known as the
1082:
originally residents of Birobidzhan, but moved to Israel in the 90's along with a large majority of the Jewish population from the Oblast. He came back as the Chief Rabbi with plans of reinvigorating the Jewish culture. There are already plans for a kosher restaurant, supermarket, and
931:
in 1946. His support of Birobidzhan as a new homeland for Jewish families consisted of appearing at meetings in support of the relocation of Jews to Birobidzhan as well as advocating for families who truly wished to travel rather than those who were the most fit for the journey.
844:
as Jewish settlement of these regions was highly resisted by the majority population. The placement of the Jews in Birobidzhan was meant to serve as a buffer to dissuade any Chinese or Japanese expansion. The region was also a link between the Trans Siberian Railroad and the
814:. The organizations were responsible for distribution of land as well as domestic responsibilities, ranging from moving to medical assistance. Many Jewish Canadians then gave their support to the Soviet Union by becoming either members or sympathizers with the
864:
Logistically and practically, settling Birobidzhan proved to be difficult. Due to inadequate infrastructure and weather conditions of the area, more than half the Jewish settlers who relocated to Birobidzhan after the initial settlement did not remain.
279:
71:
905:
America came to Birobidzhan because of Bergelson. On his 68th birthday in 1952, Bergelson was among those executed during Stalin's antisemitic campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans" following the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.
2111:Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 99 605».
983:, completed in 2004, is next to a complex housing Sunday School classrooms, a library, a museum, and administrative offices. The buildings were officially opened in 2004 to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the
1137:
The chief economic activity is light industry, including textile and footwear. The city also has a vehicle repair factory, a furniture factory, a quicklime production factory, and several foodstuff factories.
2592:
Kotlerman, Ber (August 2012). "If there had been no synagogue there, they would have had to invent it: the case of the Birobidzhan "religious community of the Judaic creed" on the threshold of perestroika".
3046:
On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "Town of Birobidzhan" in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Adopted by the Decision No. 242 of the Town Duma on June 30,
1190:) that is typified by very large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and severely cold (and dry) winters. January has never had an above-freezing temperature.
3760:
3469:
1086:. Riss is trying to make Birobidzhan a 'safe place for Jews' and has already stated that it is one of the few places he has been where he has not experienced any antisemitism.
2775:
1030:
opened in 2004. Rabbi Scheiner says there are 4,000 Jews in Birobidzhan, just over 5 percent of the town's population of 75,000. The Birobidzhan Jewish community was led by
2627:
264:
4050:
1049:
organizations". In 2007, the Birobidzhan International Summer Program for Yiddish Language and Culture was launched by Yiddish studies professor Boris Kotlerman of
3345:
2035:
Economic and Social Measures of the Urban Okrugs and Urban Settlements in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast—the Town of Birobidzhan (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011)
1118:
2726:
2337:
Srebrnik, Henry Felix (1998). "An idiosyncratic fellow-traveller: Vilhjalmur Stefansson and the American committee for the settlement of Jews in Birobidzhan".
2708:
3368:
274:
2827:
3813:
1897:
3767:
3336:
3286:
2431:
3378:
2814:
4075:
3565:
815:
337:
963:
The Jewish religious community in Birobidzhan was officially registered in 1946. The religious community suffered persecution in the early 1950s.
3197:
885:
3957:
1892:
1756:
928:
823:
2114:(Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014
4060:
3406:
1857:
4065:
3926:
3396:
186:
3967:
3542:
155:
3977:
3309:
2131:
2060:
948:
The Russian Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the majority of them were
3421:
2772:
2190:
2890:
2799:
849:
Valley, and the Soviet government sought to exploit the natural resources of the area, such as fish, timber, iron, tin, and gold.
3941:
3784:
3776:
3075:
On Amending Several Laws of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast on the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Districts, an Urban Okrug
960:
become the new center for Soviet Jewish life, which is why Jewish migration to Birobidzhan was strongly pushed during the 1920s.
597:
42:
3329:
3156:
How the Back-to-the-Soil Movement Began: Two Years of Blazing the New Jewish "Covered Wagon" Trail Across the Russian Prairies.
2745:
2690:
2641:
2658:
2034:
127:
4085:
3489:
2468:
2250:
1155:
3107:
Where the Jews Aren't: The Sad and Absurd Story of Birobidzhan, Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region (Jewish Encounters Series)
3831:
3287:'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland (National Public Radio on September 7, 2016)
2216:
1112:
368:
2872:
2299:
Ivanov, Alexander (December 2009). "Facing east: the World ORT Union and the Jewish refugee problem in Europe, 1933–38".
2815:
FJC | The Guardian | Russia | Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage | 27-September-2017
1103:
1068:
celebration of 2007, officials of Birobidzhan in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast claimed to have built the world's largest
354:
4070:
3441:
3118:
3069:(Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Law #226-OZ of November 26, 2003
3049:. Effective as of after the registration with the state 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
3002:
2723:
3972:
3792:
3753:
3322:
3222:
2705:
2395:
1985:
1715:
976:
591:
1023:
in the region. His student, actually born in Birobidzhan, Rabbi Eliyahu Riss, has taken over the reins since 2010.
4080:
3870:
3190:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928-1996.
1122:
397:
3057:(Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Law #982-OZ of July 20, 2011
1184:
98:
2075:"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"
4023:
3987:
3905:
3535:
3301:
3860:
3585:
2050:
894:
2281:
Red Star Over Birobidzhan: Canadian Jewish Communists and the "Jewish Autonomous Region" in the Soviet Union
3837:
3570:
3314:
1744:
1099:
632:
2854:
2487:
1110:, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the
975:
opened in the 1970s. Since the early 1990s, Yiddish and Jewish traditions were required components in all
3992:
3883:
3575:
1042:
465:
76:
2907:"ESTIMATION OF CLIMATIC RESOURCES FOR SUMMER SPORT RECREATION IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION OF RUSSIA"
3898:
3600:
1142:
is the closest major city to Birobidzhan and provides the closest major airport access to it, which is
228:
3042:
On the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "Town of Birobidzhan" in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4055:
3931:
3797:
3618:
3590:
3528:
1180:
3239:
3802:
3709:
3623:
3349:
3256:
2015:
984:
605:
385:
233:
643:. The Bira, which lies to the east of the Bidzhan Valley, flows through the town. Both rivers are
88:
3689:
3391:
1143:
1107:
874:
869:
to their original homes. However, Jews were once again targeted in the wake of World War II when
617:
389:
444:
3982:
3206:
3173:
Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951.
1865:
613:
453:
3199:
Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951
2365:
2243:
Dreams of nationhood: American Jewish communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan project, 1924-1951
3962:
3893:
3451:
3411:
3358:
2074:
1912:
1095:
1027:
1019:
980:
920:
802:
624:
601:
418:
378:
3061:. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
2887:
4045:
3878:
3580:
3401:
3308:
interview in April 2021 with the Israeli-Berliner writer who wrote a novel on Birobidzhan,
2688:
FJC | News | Far East Community Prepares for 70th Anniversary of Jewish Autonomous Republic
1816:
1740:
2989:"Высшая лига. Календарь игр III группы - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России"
8:
3921:
3166:
1829:
1158:
works in cooperation with the local religious community. The university is unique in the
1050:
1045:
has stated that he intends to "support every valuable initiative maintained by our local
3745:
3694:
3228:
2796:
2784:
2610:
2316:
1069:
994:
858:
3077:. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
1009:
culture and not be afraid to return to their Jewish traditions. It's safe without any
3714:
3218:
3114:
2906:
2614:
2464:
2401:
2391:
2320:
2256:
2246:
1981:
1879:
1777:
1747:, until the 2016–17 season. However, in 2017–18 the team did not play in the league.
1014:
2742:
2687:
2638:
2067:
3888:
3658:
3551:
3210:
2602:
2574:
2538:
2342:
2308:
1159:
1054:
1002:
553:
542:
530:
525:
439:
3276:
3129:
2761:
979:, taught not as Jewish exotica but as part of the region's national heritage. The
4009:
3699:
3653:
3633:
3260:
2894:
2876:
2858:
2803:
2779:
2749:
2730:
2712:
2694:
2645:
2606:
2201:
2161:
2019:
1907:
1163:
1058:
972:
901:
3281:
2432:"'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland"
3648:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3509:
3305:
3110:
2869:
2461:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland
1790:
964:
949:
857:
Before the Russian Revolution of 1917, residence of Jews was restricted to the
3291:
2578:
2346:
2312:
4039:
3178:
Robert Weinberg, "Purge and Politics in the Periphery: Birobidzhan in 1937,"
2931:
2390:. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House.
2260:
2195:
Permanent Population Estimate as of January 1, 2014 and the 2013 Average
1917:
1902:
1772:
1597:
1010:
870:
459:
679000, 679002, 679005, 679006, 679011, 679013–679017, 679700, 679801, 679950
201:
188:
3344:
3232:
3071:
On the Status and the Border of the Urban Okrug of the "City of Birobidzhan"
3044:, as amended by the Decision #166 of September 24, 2015
2405:
4016:
3504:
3459:
3102:
3059:
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3010:
1074:
968:
798:
785:
636:
3845:
3674:
3608:
3214:
3040:(Town Duma. Decision #242 of June 30, 2005
2561:
Weinberg, Robert (1996). "Jewish revival in Birobidzhan in the mirror of
2543:
2526:
1842:
1762:
1031:
998:
889:
Jews of Birobidzhan in a 1933 "Peoples of the Soviet Union" postage stamp
794:
3073:, as amended by the Law #340-OZ of November 2, 2004
2048:
940:
3679:
3494:
3183:
3161:
Jeffrey Shandler, "Imagining Yiddishland: Language, Place and Memory,"
3149:
The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival: Volume 1.
1139:
1005:
representative to the region, "Today one can enjoy the benefits of the
846:
3302:‘We never know if we are really accepted, or if we are playing a role'
877:. Nearly all the Yiddish institutions of Birobidzhan were liquidated.
3936:
3724:
3499:
3474:
2988:
644:
430:
1125:, the town of oblast significance of Birobidzhan is incorporated as
3719:
3684:
3613:
3520:
1065:
2964:
3729:
3704:
3484:
3464:
3268:
1006:
841:
837:
640:
628:
435:
56:
2429:
3850:
3479:
2851:
2430:
Gessen, Masha; Interviewed by Terry Gross (September 7, 2016).
1924:
1921:
1893:
Organization for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (IKOR)
1837:
1824:
1803:
1167:
1083:
1046:
1038:
807:
609:
562:
221:
2952:
2513:
Soviet Jews in World War II: Fighting, Witnessing, Remembering
967:
was revived in Birobidzhan much earlier than elsewhere in the
425:
Birobidzhan Urban Okrug, Birobidzhansky Municipal District
2870:
Kulanu: Birobidzhan: Soviety-era Jewish homeland struggles on
2743:
Governor Voices Support for Growing Far East Jewish Community
2117:
Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations
2116:
1980:. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 47.
1811:
1798:
1785:
1736:
1132:
1117:—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
991:
580:
475:
16:
Administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
2156:Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (
2055:[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
925:
American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan,
830:
3855:
2706:
FJC | News | From Tractors to Torah in Russia's Jewish Land
822:
Soviet Jews as well as Jews from other countries. In 1935,
811:
648:
631:. Birobidzhan is named after the two largest rivers in the
565:
1146:(KHV / UHHH), 198 km from the center of Birobidzhan.
577:
2283:. Canadian Committee on Labour History. pp. 129–147.
1017:
here." Scheiner also hosted the Russian television show,
627:, its population is 75,413, and its official language is
571:
3775:
3253:
498:
3165:
vol. 15, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2003), pp. 123–149.
2463:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 72–75.
2012:
927:
which was a supplementary group that was combined with
2481:
2479:
2477:
2052:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
1089:
852:
592:
583:
556:
2453:
1179:
Birobidzhan experiences a harsh, monsoon-influenced
880:
568:
559:
3192:
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.
2828:"The Other Jewish Homeland at the End of the World"
2639:
FJC | News | Birobidzhan - New Rabbi, New Synagogue
2474:
2189:Jewish Autonomous Oblast Territorial Branch of the
1898:
History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1162:. The basis of the training course is study of the
944:
A menorah dominating the main square in Birobidzhan
574:
1743:has been playing in the 2nd highest division, the
2659:"Birobidjan: The Story of the First Jewish State"
2049:Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
1106:, it also serves as the administrative center of
4051:Cities and towns in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4037:
2932:"World Weather Information Service – Birobidzan"
2527:"The Soviet Partisan Movement and the Holocaust"
2385:
2057:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года
1861:, a contemporary opera set in 1930's Birobidzhan
2724:Far East Jewish Community Chairman Passes Away
2136:Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
3958:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
3182:vol. 52, no. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 13–27.
3098:New York: American Birobidjan Committee, 1946.
2245:. Boston: Academic Studies Press. p. 12.
1757:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
3761:
3536:
3330:
3064:
3052:
3035:
2888:NCSJ - Profiles: Birobidzhan Jewish Community
2797:Breaking News - JTA, Jewish & Israel News
2109:
1927:and member of Parliament, born in Birobidzhan
1750:
955:Yiddish, at that time widely regarded as the
935:
515:
61:
31:
3096:The Jews in the Soviet Union and Birobidjan.
2044:
2042:
1869:, a documentary about modern-day Birobidzhan
1053:. The town's main street is named after the
3158:Philadelphia: United Jewish Campaign, 1925.
2650:
1999:
1997:
3968:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3768:
3754:
3543:
3529:
3337:
3323:
3151:New York: New York University Press, 1988.
2386:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007).
2150:
2033:Russian Federal State Statistics Service.
1133:Economy, infrastructure and transportation
443:
3009:(in Russian). Birobidzhan. Archived from
2591:
2542:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2039:
875:campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans"
831:Factors behind the Birobidzhan Experiment
801:, and established in 1931. It became the
3195:
3003:"Города-побратимы, дружественные города"
2560:
2336:
2278:
2240:
2096:
2094:
2092:
1994:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
939:
884:
784:
21:Town in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
4076:1931 establishments in the Soviet Union
2825:
2656:
2524:
2183:
2174:
2124:
2003:Charter of Birobidzhan, Article 16
1037:Concerning the Jewish community of the
4038:
3292:"Birobidzhan Jewish autonomous region"
3101:
2556:
2554:
2511:Estraikh, Gennady & Murav Harriet
2412:
2366:"Birobidzhan: Stalin's Forgotten Zion"
2298:
2180:Charter of Birobidzhan, Article 1
1034:, until his death in September, 2007.
923:was vice president of Ambijan, or the
668:
296:169.38 km (65.40 sq mi)
170:Birobidzhan (Jewish Autonomous Oblast)
3749:
3524:
3318:
3175:Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2010.
2826:Muchnik, Andrei (November 10, 2017).
2515:Brighton: Academic Studies Press p.90
2485:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2332:
2330:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2089:
1943:
1850:
1156:Sholem Aleichem Amur State University
1104:framework of administrative divisions
541:
524:
4061:Populated places established in 1931
3777:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3550:
2525:Slepyan, Kenneth (January 1, 2000).
2103:
1972:
1970:
1968:
173:Show map of Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4066:Historic Jewish communities in Asia
2924:
2551:
2486:Pipes, Richard (October 27, 2016).
2027:
2006:
1090:Administrative and municipal status
893:Among Birobidzhan's proponents was
853:Complications during the Experiment
534:
162:
134:
62:
13:
3081:
2353:
2327:
2287:
2267:
2077:. Federal State Statistics Service
663:
14:
4097:
3973:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3793:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
3247:
1965:
1873:
1716:World Meteorological Organisation
881:Notable supporters of Birobidzhan
3420:
3377:
3238:
3127:
2752:Federation of Jewish Communities
2733:Federation of Jewish Communities
2663:Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse
2191:Federal State Statistics Service
2061:Federal State Statistics Service
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1013:, and we plan to open the first
552:
161:
154:
133:
126:
97:
87:
70:
2995:
2981:
2957:
2946:
2899:
2881:
2863:
2845:
2819:
2808:
2790:
2766:
2755:
2736:
2717:
2699:
2681:
2632:
2621:
2585:
2518:
2505:
2379:
2234:
2209:
2013:Official website of Birobidzhan
793:Birobidzhan was planned by the
4024:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
3906:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
3269:Birobidzhan Business Directory
3254:Official website of Birobizhan
3196:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (2010).
2531:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2279:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (1999).
2241:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (2010).
1:
3861:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3586:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2488:"The Sad Fate of Birobidzhan"
2162:Поиск объектов почтовой связи
1931:
1197:Climate data for Birobidzhan
1185:Köppen climate classification
1072:. A November 2017 article in
908:In the Russian language play
895:Dudley Aman, 1st Baron Marley
4086:Korean communities in Russia
3942:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking
3838:Jewish Communist Youth Union
3571:Far Eastern Federal District
2657:Wiseman, Michael C. (2010).
2607:10.1080/13501674.2012.699205
2595:East European Jewish Affairs
2567:East European Jewish Affairs
2339:East European Jewish Affairs
2301:East European Jewish Affairs
1745:Russian Bandy Supreme League
1149:
7:
3884:Night of the Murdered Poets
3576:Far Eastern economic region
2644:September 27, 2007, at the
1886:
1670:Average precipitation days
1456:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1316:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1113:town of oblast significance
1043:Nikolay Mikhaylovich Volkov
369:town of oblast significance
322: • Estimate
77:Birobidzhan railway station
50:Other transcription(s)
10:
4102:
3899:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
3029:
2138:(in Russian). June 3, 2011
1978:Энциклопедия Города России
1754:
1751:Twin towns – sister cities
1722:
1713:
1196:
1174:
936:Jewish and Yiddish culture
780:
4071:Yiddish culture in Russia
4001:
3950:
3932:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
3914:
3869:
3824:
3814:Jewish history in the JAO
3798:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
3783:
3667:
3619:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3599:
3591:Eastern Military District
3558:
3450:
3429:
3418:
3384:
3375:
3356:
3259:October 24, 2014, at the
3065:
3053:
3036:
2969:(in Russian). rusbandy.ru
2893:January 12, 2008, at the
2579:10.1080/13501679608577817
2459:Weinberg, Robert (1998).
2347:10.1080/13501679808577869
2313:10.1080/13501670903298278
2110:
2018:October 24, 2014, at the
1730:
1669:
1595:
1525:
1455:
1385:
1315:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1181:humid continental climate
919:Canadian Arctic explorer
816:Communist Party of Canada
773:
681:—
516:
493:
485:
474:
464:
452:
429:
415:
404:
395:
375:
361:
352:
348:450/km (1,200/sq mi)
344:
333:
321:
313:
308:
300:
292:
287:
270:
260:
255:
247:
239:
227:
217:
182:
120:
111:
83:
69:
54:
49:
40:
32:
26:
3803:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3710:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
3624:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3350:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3346:Administrative divisions
3089:10 Years of Biro-Bidjan.
2965:
2778:August 13, 2011, at the
2492:New York Review of Books
2056:
2051:
1936:
985:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
827:Birobidzhan Experiment.
606:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
386:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
234:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4081:Koryo-saram communities
3993:Jackson–Vanik amendment
2875:August 7, 2007, at the
2857:August 6, 2011, at the
2711:April 11, 2013, at the
2563:Birobidzhanskaya zvezda
2132:"Об исчислении времени"
1144:Khabarovsk Novy Airport
1127:Birobidzhan Urban Okrug
1108:Birobidzhansky District
526:[bʲɪrəbʲɪˈdʐan]
411:Birobidzhan Urban Okrug
390:Birobidzhansky District
304:80 m (260 ft)
4002:Media and publications
3951:International activism
3927:Anti-Zionist Committee
3832:Jewish Communist Party
3452:Urban-type settlements
3282:Song about Birobidzhan
3207:Academic Studies Press
3171:Henry Felix Srebrnik,
2200:March 4, 2016, at the
1866:In Search of Happiness
1166:, history and classic
945:
890:
790:
614:Trans-Siberian Railway
543:[ˌbɪrɔbɪˈdʒan]
3963:Soviet Jewry movement
3894:Rootless cosmopolitan
3359:Administrative center
3277:Photos of Birobidzhan
3091:New York: ICOR, 1938.
2802:June 5, 2008, at the
2782:. By Rebecca Raskin.
2748:May 18, 2011, at the
2729:June 5, 2008, at the
2693:May 18, 2011, at the
2388:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2166:Postal Objects Search
1882:, journalist, teacher
1096:administrative center
990:According to Israeli
943:
921:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
888:
803:administrative center
788:
655:Historical population
602:administrative centre
355:Administrative status
3879:1931 Menshevik Trial
3581:Far Eastern Republic
3215:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsj1m
3154:James N. Rosenberg,
2966:"Надежда" Биробиджан
1246:Record high °C (°F)
1057:author and humorist
489:Last Saturday of May
345: • Density
3922:Soviet anti-Zionism
3871:Soviet antisemitism
3163:History and Memory,
3134:People of the Tiger
3013:on February 5, 2020
2953:Hcnadezhda.narod.ru
2221:Britannica Academic
1913:Boris "Dov" Kaufman
1526:Record low °C (°F)
1386:Daily mean °C (°F)
1094:Birobidzhan is the
1051:Bar-Ilan University
1001:of Birobidzhan and
774:Source: Census data
656:
618:China–Russia border
198: /
3695:Komsomolsk-on-Amur
2785:The Jerusalem Post
2773:Back to Birobidjan
2544:10.1093/hgs/14.1.1
2119:. Code 99 605
1851:In popular Culture
1123:municipal division
1028:orthodox synagogue
995:Mordechai Scheiner
981:orthodox synagogue
946:
891:
859:Pale of Settlement
791:
789:Birobidzhan (1950)
654:
314: • Total
293: • Total
275:Aleksandr Golovaty
271: • Mayor
202:48.800°N 132.933°E
145:Show map of Russia
4033:
4032:
3978:Cleveland Council
3743:
3742:
3715:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
3518:
3517:
3188:Robert Weinberg,
2469:978-0-520-20990-9
2252:978-1-936235-11-7
1880:Nataliya Gumenyuk
1727:
1726:
1100:autonomous oblast
1015:Jewish day school
778:
777:
633:autonomous oblast
612:, located on the
509:
508:
334: • Rank
261: • Body
248:Town status since
4093:
4056:Russian Far East
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3659:Zabaykalsky Krai
3601:Federal subjects
3566:Cities and towns
3552:Russian Far East
3545:
3538:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3424:
3381:
3369:Rural localities
3339:
3332:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3273:
3265:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3204:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3124:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3039:
3038:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2934:. United Nations
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2897:
2885:
2879:
2867:
2861:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2794:
2788:
2770:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2740:
2734:
2721:
2715:
2703:
2697:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2654:
2648:
2636:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2436:
2427:
2410:
2409:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2362:
2351:
2350:
2341:. 28, 1: 37–53.
2334:
2325:
2324:
2296:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2265:
2264:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1841:
1840:
1830:Ma'alot-Tarshiha
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1194:
1193:
1160:Russian Far East
1102:and, within the
1055:Yiddish language
1003:Chabad Lubavitch
973:Yiddish theaters
670:
665:
657:
653:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
545:
540:
536:
528:
523:
519:
518:
505:
502:
500:
447:
422:
408:
398:Municipal status
382:
365:
328:
283:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
174:
165:
164:
158:
146:
137:
136:
130:
101:
91:
74:
65:
64:
35:
34:
24:
23:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4010:Am Yisrael Chai
3997:
3946:
3910:
3865:
3820:
3779:
3774:
3744:
3739:
3700:Blagoveshchensk
3663:
3654:Sakhalin Oblast
3634:Khabarovsk Krai
3595:
3554:
3549:
3519:
3514:
3446:
3425:
3416:
3382:
3371:
3352:
3343:
3271:
3263:
3261:Wayback Machine
3250:
3237:
3225:
3202:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3094:Henry Frankel,
3084:
3082:Further reading
3032:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2895:Wayback Machine
2886:
2882:
2877:Wayback Machine
2868:
2864:
2859:Wayback Machine
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2804:Wayback Machine
2795:
2791:
2780:Wayback Machine
2771:
2767:
2760:
2756:
2750:Wayback Machine
2741:
2737:
2731:Wayback Machine
2722:
2718:
2713:Wayback Machine
2704:
2700:
2695:Wayback Machine
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2646:Wayback Machine
2637:
2633:
2626:
2622:
2590:
2586:
2559:
2552:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2484:
2475:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2413:
2398:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2354:
2335:
2328:
2297:
2288:
2277:
2268:
2253:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:Wayback Machine
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:Wayback Machine
2011:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1889:
1876:
1853:
1848:
1835:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1783:
1780:, United States
1770:
1761:Birobidzhan is
1759:
1753:
1733:
1728:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1177:
1164:Hebrew language
1152:
1135:
1092:
1059:Sholem Aleichem
938:
902:David Bergelson
900:Yiddish writer
883:
855:
833:
783:
593:BIRR-ə-bih-JAHN
555:
551:
538:
521:
497:
466:Dialing code(s)
460:
417:
406:
400:
377:
364:Subordinated to
363:
357:
326:
277:
229:Federal subject
207:48.800; 132.933
206:
204:
200:
197:
192:
189:
187:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
116:
115:
107:
106:
105:
104:
95:
94:
79:
45:
36:
29:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3988:Freedom Sunday
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3668:Largest cities
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Primorsky Krai
3641:
3639:Magadan Oblast
3636:
3631:
3629:Kamchatka Krai
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3510:Volochayevka-2
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Birobidzhansky
3388:
3386:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3306:Mati Shemoelof
3299:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3249:
3248:External links
3246:
3245:
3244:
3223:
3193:
3186:
3180:Slavic Review,
3176:
3169:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3125:
3120:978-0805242461
3119:
3111:Schocken Books
3099:
3092:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3062:
3050:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3024:
2994:
2980:
2956:
2945:
2923:
2898:
2880:
2862:
2844:
2818:
2807:
2789:
2765:
2754:
2735:
2716:
2698:
2680:
2649:
2631:
2620:
2584:
2550:
2517:
2504:
2473:
2452:
2411:
2396:
2378:
2352:
2326:
2307:(3): 369–388.
2286:
2266:
2251:
2233:
2208:
2182:
2173:
2149:
2123:
2102:
2088:
2066:
2059:(in Russian).
2038:
2026:
2005:
1993:
1986:
1964:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:Notable people
1872:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1767:
1752:
1749:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1176:
1173:
1151:
1148:
1134:
1131:
1115:of Birobidzhan
1091:
1088:
977:public schools
965:Jewish culture
950:Ashkenazi Jews
937:
934:
882:
879:
873:embarked on a
854:
851:
832:
829:
782:
779:
776:
775:
771:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
666:
661:
546:), also spelt
514:(Russian:
507:
506:
495:
491:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
456:
454:Postal code(s)
450:
449:
433:
427:
426:
423:
413:
412:
409:
402:
401:
396:
393:
392:
383:
373:
372:
371:of Birobidzhan
366:
359:
358:
353:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
335:
331:
330:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
285:
284:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
180:
179:
169:
160:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
141:
132:
131:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
96:
92:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
75:
67:
66:
59:
52:
51:
47:
46:
41:
38:
37:
30:
27:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4098:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Doctors' plot
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:Organizations
3823:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3224:9781618116871
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:Gessen, Masha
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3060:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2990:
2984:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2949:
2933:
2927:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2445:September 10,
2440:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2397:9780028659282
2393:
2389:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2222:
2218:
2217:"Birobidzhan"
2212:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2076:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1987:5-7107-7399-9
1983:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:Yoel Razvozov
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:New Jerusalem
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1778:Beaverton, OR
1774:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1598:precipitation
1594:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:anti-Semitism
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:, the former
996:
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
958:
957:lingua franca
953:
951:
942:
933:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
910:Novaia rodina
906:
903:
898:
896:
887:
878:
876:
872:
871:Joseph Stalin
866:
862:
860:
850:
848:
843:
839:
828:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
787:
772:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
673:
667:
662:
659:
658:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
588:
549:
544:
535:ביראָבידזשאַן
532:
527:
513:
504:
496:
492:
488:
486:Town Day
484:
480:
477:
473:
470:+7 42622
469:
467:
463:
457:
455:
451:
446:
441:
437:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416: •
414:
410:
405: •
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376: •
374:
370:
367:
362: •
360:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
281:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
211:
183:Coordinates:
181:
157:
129:
119:
110:
100:
90:
82:
78:
73:
68:
60:
58:
55: •
53:
48:
44:
39:
25:
19:
4022:
4017:Jews on Land
4015:
4008:
3808:
3734:
3505:Teploozyorsk
3436:
3412:Smidovichsky
3363:
3362:
3295:
3272:(in Russian)
3264:(in Russian)
3233:j.ctt1zxsj1m
3198:
3189:
3179:
3172:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3147:Nora Levin,
3137:. Retrieved
3133:
3106:
3095:
3088:
3087:S. Almazov,
3074:
3070:
3058:
3045:
3041:
3015:. Retrieved
3011:the original
3006:
2997:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2959:
2948:
2938:December 31,
2936:. Retrieved
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2911:ResearchGate
2910:
2901:
2883:
2865:
2847:
2837:February 21,
2835:. Retrieved
2831:
2821:
2810:
2792:
2783:
2768:
2757:
2738:
2719:
2701:
2683:
2673:September 8,
2671:. Retrieved
2666:
2662:
2652:
2634:
2623:
2601:(2): 87–97.
2598:
2594:
2587:
2570:
2566:
2565:, 1946–49".
2562:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:
2460:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2438:
2387:
2381:
2371:February 17,
2369:. Retrieved
2338:
2304:
2300:
2280:
2242:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2220:
2211:
2205:(in Russian)
2185:
2176:
2170:(in Russian)
2165:
2158:Russian Post
2157:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2115:
2105:
2079:. Retrieved
2069:
2029:
2023:(in Russian)
2008:
1977:
1908:Beit T'shuva
1864:
1856:
1760:
1734:
1600:mm (inches)
1187:
1178:
1153:
1136:
1126:
1111:
1093:
1080:
1075:The Guardian
1073:
1063:
1036:
1025:
1018:
989:
969:Soviet Union
962:
956:
954:
947:
924:
918:
914:New Homeland
913:
909:
907:
899:
892:
867:
863:
856:
834:
820:
799:Hannes Meyer
792:
622:
547:
511:
510:
103:Coat of arms
63:ביראָבידזשאן
18:
4046:Birobidzhan
3846:Yevsektsiya
3809:Birobidzhan
3735:Birobidzhan
3675:Vladivostok
3609:Amur Oblast
3490:Nikolayevka
3437:Birobidzhan
3402:Obluchensky
3364:Birobidzhan
3139:January 17,
3128:Bell, Tom.
3017:February 5,
2916:February 4,
2537:(1): 1–27.
2497:October 17,
2435:(Interview)
2226:January 31,
2142:January 19,
2100:Law #226-OZ
2081:January 23,
1962:Law #982-OZ
1858:Soviet Zion
1843:Nof HaGalil
1723:Source 2:
1041:, Governor
1032:Lev Toitman
1020:Yiddishkeit
999:Chief Rabbi
645:tributaries
625:2010 Census
616:, near the
512:Birobidzhan
481:99701000001
407:Urban okrug
278: [
205: /
142:Location of
114:Location of
28:Birobidzhan
4040:Categories
3680:Khabarovsk
3495:Priamursky
3470:Izvestkovy
3407:Oktyabrsky
3205:. Boston:
2762:2all.co.il
1932:References
1755:See also:
1714:Source 1:
1140:Khabarovsk
847:Amur River
797:architect
623:As of the
517:Биробиджан
309:Population
256:Government
33:Биробиджан
3937:Refusenik
3725:Ussuriysk
3500:Smidovich
3475:Khingansk
3385:Districts
3007:biradm.ru
2615:159829874
2573:: 35–53.
2439:Fresh Air
2321:144107382
2261:769190216
1150:Education
1119:districts
548:Birobijan
431:Time zone
301:Elevation
265:Town Duma
3720:Nakhodka
3685:Ulan-Ude
3614:Buryatia
3442:Obluchye
3397:Leninsky
3257:Archived
3184:In JSTOR
3167:In JSTOR
3130:"Exodus"
3105:(2016).
2973:July 20,
2891:Archived
2873:Archived
2855:Archived
2852:Religion
2800:Archived
2776:Archived
2746:Archived
2727:Archived
2709:Archived
2691:Archived
2642:Archived
2406:70174939
2198:Archived
2016:Archived
1887:See also
1845:, Israel
1832:, Israel
1741:Nadezhda
1596:Average
1591:(−46.7)
1586:(−36.2)
1581:(−28.5)
1541:(−29.4)
1536:(−39.8)
1531:(−46.7)
1516:(−15.9)
1466:(−15.5)
1461:(−17.3)
1311:(103.8)
1281:(103.8)
1066:Chanukah
1064:For the
692:+3467.7%
639:and the
600:and the
596:), is a
325:73,623 (
193:132°56′E
3915:Zionism
3785:History
3730:Magadan
3705:Yakutsk
3485:Londoko
3465:Birakan
3348:of the
3310:Plus61J
3298:, 2009)
3030:Sources
2832:Haaretz
2628:Jta.org
1922:Israeli
1819:, China
1806:, China
1793:, Japan
1791:Niigata
1763:twinned
1665:(26.9)
1576:(−3.6)
1571:(25.0)
1566:(38.7)
1561:(42.6)
1556:(34.7)
1551:(25.0)
1546:(−3.5)
1521:(25.5)
1506:(29.7)
1501:(42.6)
1496:(56.1)
1491:(59.2)
1486:(54.5)
1481:(41.0)
1476:(25.9)
1451:(35.4)
1446:(−1.8)
1441:(15.4)
1436:(39.0)
1431:(55.0)
1426:(66.6)
1421:(70.0)
1416:(66.0)
1411:(55.4)
1406:(41.7)
1401:(20.5)
1391:(−8.0)
1381:(44.6)
1371:(24.6)
1366:(47.3)
1361:(64.6)
1356:(75.7)
1351:(80.2)
1346:(76.1)
1341:(64.8)
1336:(49.1)
1331:(32.4)
1326:(12.4)
1306:(41.4)
1301:(61.0)
1296:(80.4)
1291:(90.9)
1286:(98.2)
1276:(98.8)
1271:(92.7)
1266:(85.6)
1261:(65.1)
1256:(42.6)
1251:(31.3)
1175:Climate
1121:. As a
1098:of the
1070:menorah
1007:Yiddish
842:Belarus
838:Ukraine
824:Ambijan
781:History
647:of the
641:Bidzhan
629:Yiddish
604:of the
531:Yiddish
501:.biradm
494:Website
419:Capital
379:Capital
340:in 2010
240:Founded
218:Country
190:48°48′N
57:Yiddish
3851:Komzet
3840:(EKSM)
3834:(EKP)
3805:(JAO)
3559:Topics
3480:Kuldur
3231:
3221:
3117:
2669:(4): 1
2613:
2467:
2441:. WHYY
2404:
2394:
2319:
2259:
2249:
1984:
1925:judoka
1817:Yichun
1804:Hegang
1765:with:
1731:Sports
1718:(UN)
1660:(0.4)
1655:(0.7)
1650:(1.4)
1645:(3.5)
1640:(6.1)
1635:(5.8)
1630:(4.3)
1625:(2.4)
1620:(1.4)
1615:(0.5)
1610:(0.2)
1605:(0.2)
1511:(1.6)
1471:(2.3)
1396:(2.3)
1376:(6.4)
1321:(3.9)
1202:Month
1168:Jewish
1084:mikveh
1047:Jewish
1039:oblast
808:KOMZET
766:68,536
755:75,413
744:77,250
736:+21.9%
733:83,667
725:+23.2%
722:68,630
714:+37.0%
711:55,724
703:+37.2%
700:40,667
689:29,648
635:: the
610:Russia
442:
436:UTC+10
388:,
317:75,413
222:Russia
3983:Nativ
3690:Chita
3649:Sakha
3430:Towns
3229:JSTOR
3203:(PDF)
2611:S2CID
2317:S2CID
1937:Notes
1920:, an
1739:club
1737:bandy
1589:−43.7
1584:−37.9
1579:−33.6
1574:−19.8
1544:−19.7
1539:−34.1
1534:−39.9
1529:−43.7
1514:−26.6
1509:−16.9
1469:−16.5
1464:−26.4
1459:−27.4
1444:−18.8
1394:−16.5
1389:−22.2
1374:−14.2
1324:−10.9
1319:−15.6
1241:Year
992:Rabbi
795:Swiss
769:−9.1%
758:−2.4%
747:−7.7%
476:OKTMO
440:MSK+7
338:215th
327:−2.4%
282:]
3856:OZET
3460:Bira
3219:ISBN
3141:2024
3115:ISBN
3047:2005
3019:2020
2975:2015
2940:2010
2918:2019
2839:2012
2675:2016
2499:2016
2465:ISBN
2447:2016
2402:OCLC
2392:ISBN
2373:2019
2257:OCLC
2247:ISBN
2228:2019
2144:2019
2121:. ).
2083:2019
1982:ISBN
1735:The
1569:−3.9
1549:−3.9
1519:−3.6
1504:−1.3
1494:13.4
1489:15.1
1484:12.5
1474:−3.4
1439:−9.2
1429:12.8
1424:19.2
1419:21.1
1414:18.9
1409:13.0
1399:−6.4
1369:−4.1
1359:18.1
1354:24.3
1349:26.8
1344:24.5
1339:18.2
1309:39.9
1299:16.1
1294:26.9
1289:32.7
1284:36.8
1279:39.9
1274:37.1
1269:33.7
1264:29.8
1259:18.4
1249:−0.4
1238:Dec
1235:Nov
1232:Oct
1229:Sep
1226:Aug
1223:Jul
1220:Jun
1217:May
1214:Apr
1211:Mar
1208:Feb
1205:Jan
1154:The
1026:The
929:ICOR
812:OZET
810:and
763:2021
752:2010
741:2002
730:1989
719:1979
708:1970
697:1959
686:1939
675:1926
664:Pop.
660:Year
649:Amur
637:Bira
598:town
539:IPA:
522:IPA:
288:Area
251:1937
243:1931
93:Flag
43:Town
3211:doi
2603:doi
2575:doi
2539:doi
2343:doi
2309:doi
2160:).
1709:84
1697:10
1694:13
1691:13
1688:12
1685:10
1663:682
1638:154
1633:147
1628:108
1564:3.7
1559:5.9
1554:1.5
1499:5.9
1479:5.0
1449:1.9
1434:3.9
1404:5.4
1379:7.0
1364:8.5
1334:9.5
1329:0.2
1304:5.2
1254:5.9
1188:Dwb
678:831
503:.ru
499:www
4042::
3367:•
3361::
3304:,
3296:RT
3227:.
3217:.
3209:.
3132:.
3113:.
3109:.
3005:.
2909:.
2830:.
2665:.
2661:.
2609:.
2599:42
2597:.
2571:26
2569:.
2553:^
2535:14
2533:.
2529:.
2490:.
2476:^
2437:.
2414:^
2400:.
2355:^
2329:^
2315:.
2305:39
2303:.
2289:^
2269:^
2255:.
2219:.
2193:.
2168:)
2134:.
2091:^
2041:^
1996:^
1967:^
1945:^
1706:3
1703:4
1700:5
1682:6
1679:4
1676:2
1673:2
1658:11
1653:19
1648:35
1643:88
1623:61
1618:35
1613:13
1129:.
1061:.
987:.
971:.
840:,
818:.
669:±%
620:.
608:,
581:ɑː
578:dʒ
563:ɪr
537:,
533::
529:;
520:,
478:ID
421:of
381:of
280:ru
3769:e
3762:t
3755:v
3544:e
3537:t
3530:v
3338:e
3331:t
3324:v
3294:(
3235:.
3213::
3143:.
3123:.
3021:.
2991:.
2977:.
2942:.
2920:.
2841:.
2677:.
2667:2
2617:.
2605::
2581:.
2577::
2547:.
2541::
2501:.
2471:.
2449:.
2408:.
2375:.
2349:.
2345::
2323:.
2311::
2263:.
2230:.
2164:(
2146:.
2085:.
2063:.
1990:.
1608:5
1603:6
1183:(
912:(
651:.
587:/
584:n
575:ˈ
572:ɪ
569:b
566:ə
560:b
557:ˌ
554:/
550:(
448:)
438:(
329:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
