146:
241:
349:
flow rate, and yields the values of biogenic substance rates for any area or layer of the water for any month. There are two main evaluation methods involved: measuring per unit water volume (mg/m year) and measuring substances per entire water volume of layer (t of element/year). The former is mostly used to observe biogenic substance dynamics and individual pathways for flux and transformations, and is useful when comparing individual regions of the strait or waterway. The second method is used for monthly substance fluxes and must take into account that there are monthly variations in the water volume in the layers.
253:– 10% is in a form that is soluble and can be extracted, from where biogenic compounds can then be isolated. Saturated linear fatty acids and pigments have the most stable chemical structures and are therefore suited to withstanding degradation from the diagenesis process and being detected in their original forms. However, macromolecules have also been found in protected geological regions. Typical sedimentation conditions involve enzymatic, microbial and physicochemical processes as well as increased temperature and pressure, which lead to transformations of biogenic substances. For example, pigments that arise from
369:
484:
314:
208:
189:. These were "marine toxins, marine bioproducts and marine chemical ecology". Following this in 1994, Teuscher and Lindequist defined biogenic substances as "chemical compounds which are synthesised by living organisms and which, if they exceed certain concentrations, cause temporary or permanent damage or even death of other organisms by chemical or physicochemical effects" in their book, Biogene Gifte. This emphasis in research and classification on the toxicity of biogenic substances was partly due to the cytotoxicity-directed
644:
49:
2808:
690:
38:
360:, water, and benzene/methanol in the ratio 3:1. Following this, the rock pieces are ground and centrifuged to produce a residue. Chemical compounds are then derived through various chromatography and mass spectrometry separations. However, extraction should be accompanied by rigorous precautions to ensure there is no amino acid contaminants from fingerprints, or silicone contaminants from other analytical treatment methods.
232:, DOC, and DISi, which are normally found in large concentrations in natural water. The biogenic substances that tend to have lower input through the external boundaries of the strait and therefore least transfer were mineral and detrital components of N and P. These same substances take active part in biotransformation processes in the marine environment and have lower annual output as well.
655:. The current chemical and physical production methods for nanoparticles used are costly and produce toxic waste and pollutants in the environment. Additionally, the nanoparticles that are produced can be unstable and unfit for use in the body. Using plant-derived biogenic substances aims to create an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective production method. The biogenic
177:. Based on this research, there was a later increase in the 1970s in the investigation of biogenic substances in sedimentary rocks as part of the study of geology. This was facilitated by the development of more advanced analytical methods, and led to greater collaboration between geologists and organic chemists in order to research the biogenic compounds in
667:
at room temperature when treated with silver ions and additionally deliver essential vitamins and amino acids when consumed, making them a potential nanomaterials agent. Another procedure is through the use of a different biogenic substance: the exudate of germinating seeds. When seeds are soaked,
348:
When it comes to measuring biogenic substances in a natural environment such as a body of water, a hydroecological CNPSi model can be used to calculate the spatial transport of biogenic substances, in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. This model takes into account the water exchange and
280:
and isoprenoids are found in soluble extracts of
Precambrian rock, indicating the probable existence of biological material more than three billion years ago. However, there is the potential that these organic compounds are abiogenic in nature, especially in Precambrian sediments. While Studier et
227:
processes, or biomass formation by microorganisms. In this study the biogenic substance concentrations, transformation frequency, and turnover were all highest in the upper layer of the water. Additionally, in different regions of the strait the biogenic substances with the highest annual transfer
161:
proposed a new rock classification system in his paper 'Discussion of and
Suggestions Regarding a New Classification of Rocks'. Within the primary subdivision of "Endogenetic rocks" – rocks formed through chemical processes – was a category termed "Biogenic rocks", which was used synonymously with
128:
Biogenic substances have been studied as part of marine biochemistry since the 1960s, which has involved investigating their production, transport, and transformation in the water, and how they may be used in industrial applications. A large fraction of biogenic compounds in the marine environment
676:
is an effective reactant for manufacturing Au nanoparticles. This process can also be further adjusted by manipulating factors such as pH, temperature, exudate dilution and plant origin to produce different shapes of nanoparticles, including triangles, spheres, rods, and spirals. These biogenic
635:. The biological markers also provide valuable information about the degradation reactions of biological material in geological environments. Comparing the organic material between geologically old and recent rocks shows the conservation of different biochemical processes.
248:
Organic geochemists also have an interest in studying the diagenesis of biogenic substances in petroleum and how they are transformed in sediment and fossils. While 90% of this organic material is insoluble in common organic solvents – called
2328:
Ohta S, Chang T, Kawashima A, Nagate T, Murase M, Nakanishi H, et al. (May 1994). "Anti methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity by linolenic acid isolated from the marine microalga Chlorococcum HS-101".
1757:
Chetsumon A, Umeda F, Maeda I, Yagi K, Mizoguchi T, Miura Y (1998). "Broad
Spectrum and Mode of Action of an Antibiotic Produced by Scytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a Seaweed-Type Bioreactor". In Finkelstein M, Davison BH (eds.).
65:
is a product made by or of life forms. While the term originally was specific to metabolite compounds that had toxic effects on other organisms, it has developed to encompass any constituents, secretions, and metabolites of
466:(tin-based antifouling agent) which releases toxic compounds into water and the environment and has been banned in several countries. A class of biogenic compounds that has had a sizeable effect against the bacteria and
193:
that were used to detect the biologically active compounds. The diversity of biogenic products has since been expanded from cytotoxic substances through the use of alternative pharmaceutical and industrial assays.
461:
These characteristics then have the potential to be utilised in man-made materials, such as making anti-fouling paints without the environment-damaging chemicals. Environmentally safe alternatives are needed to
2009:
Shukla R, Nune SK, Chanda N, Katti K, Mekapothula S, Kulkarni RR, et al. (September 2008). "Soybeans as a phytochemical reservoir for the production and stabilization of biocompatible gold nanoparticles".
184:
Researchers additionally began to investigate the production of compounds by microorganisms in the marine environment during the early 1960s. By 1975, different research areas had developed in the study of
145:
659:
used for these reduction reactions can be derived from plants in numerous ways, including a boiled leaf broth, biomass powder, whole plant immersion in solution, or fruit and vegetable juice extracts.
219:
in the Sea of Japan, a
Russian team noted that biogenic substances can enter the marine environment due to input from either external sources, transport inside the water masses, or development by
2407:
Saker ML, Eaglesham GK (July 1999). "The accumulation of cylindrospermopsin from the cyanobacterium
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in tissues of the Redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus".
2231:
Klein D, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Hoffmann L, Demoulin V (1997). "Lyngbyaloside, a Novel 2,3,4-Tri- O -methyl-6-deoxy-α-mannopyranoside
Macrolide from Lyngbya bouillonii (Cyanobacteria)".
1598:
Leonov AV, Chicherina OV, Semenyak LV (2011). "Mathematical modeling of marine environment pollution processes by petroleum hydrocarbons and their degradation in
Caspian Sea ecosystem".
2372:
Simonin P, JĂĽrgens UJ, Rohmer M (November 1996). "Bacterial triterpenoids of the hopane series from the prochlorophyte
Prochlorothrix hollandica and their intracellular localization".
1722:
Smyrniotopoulos V, Abatis D, Tziveleka LA, Tsitsimpikou C, Roussis V, Loukis A, Vagias C (January 2003). "Acetylene sesquiterpenoid esters from the green alga
Caulerpa prolifera".
281:
al.'s (1968) simulations of the synthesis of isoprenoids in abiogenic conditions did not produce the long-chain isoprenoids used as biomarkers in fossils and sediments, traces of C
1963:
Gardea-Torresdey JL, Parsons JG, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Troiani HE, Santiago P, Yacaman MJ (2002). "Formation and Growth of Au Nanoparticles inside Live Alfalfa Plants".
619:
In the field of paleochemotaxonomy the presence of biogenic substances in geological sediments is useful for comparing old and modern biological samples and species. These
2293:
Gustafson KR, Cardellina JH, Fuller RW, Weislow OS, Kiser RF, Snader KM, et al. (August 1989). "AIDS-antiviral sulfolipids from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)".
668:
they passively release phytochemicals into the surrounding water, which after reaching equilibrium can be mixed with metal ions to synthesise metallic nanoparticles.
1842:
Yim JH, Kim SJ, Ahn SH, Lee HK (July 2003). "Optimal conditions for the production of sulfated polysaccharide by marine microalga Gyrodinium impudicum strain KG03".
90:
techniques. Additionally, the transformation and exchange of biogenic substances can by modelled in the environment, particularly their transport in waterways.
1669:
Ren D, Sims JJ, Wood TK (2002). "Inhibition of biofilm formation and swarming of Bacillus subtilis by (5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone".
2258:
Mooberry SL, Stratman K, Moore RE (September 1995). "Tubercidin stabilizes microtubules against vinblastine-induced depolymerization, a taxol-like effect".
1799:
Huang YM, Rorrer GL (2003-04-04). "Cultivation of microplantlets derived from the marine red alga Agardhiella subulata in a stirred tank photobioreactor".
342:
356:, biogenic substances can be isolated from fossils and sediments through a process of scraping and crushing the target rock sample, then washing with 40%
480:(from the Chlorophyceae class), which Smyrniotopoulos et al. (2003) observed inhibiting bacterial growth with up to 83% of the efficacy of TBT oxide.
438:, which is one of the most abundant cyanobacteria, have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, a study by Ren et al. (2002) tested
240:
2442:
Zhang X, Smith CD (February 1996). "Microtubule effects of welwistatin, a cyanobacterial indolinone that circumvents multiple drug resistance".
2487:
1440:
1912:
Blumer M, Snyder WD (December 1965). "Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons in Recent Sediments: Presence of Pristane and Probable Absence of Phytane".
1877:
Olaizola M (2000-10-01). "Commercial production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using 25,000-liter outdoor photobioreactors".
2164:
Odunfa VS (1979). "Free amino acids in the seed and root exudates in relation to the nitrogen requirements of rhizosphere soil Fusaria".
1641:
Eglinton G, Scott PM, Belsky T, Burlingame AL, Richter W, Calvin M (1966). "Occurrence of Isoprenoid Alkanes in a Precambrian Sediment".
289:
isoprenoids were detected. It is also possible for polyisoprenoid chains to be stereoselectively synthesised using catalysts such as Al(C
627:
indicates that the petroleum or sediment is of marine origin, while biogenic material of non-marine origin tends to be in the form of
2722:
2121:
Canizal G, Ascencio JA, Gardea-Torresday J, Yacamán MJ (2001). "Multiple Twinned Gold Nanorods Grown by Bio-reduction Techniques".
330:
2094:
Canizal G, Schabes-Retchkiman PS, Pal U, Liu HB, Ascencio JA (2006). "Controlled synthesis of Zn0 nanoparticles by bioreduction".
265:
in sediments are also derived from chlorophyll. Similarly, linear saturated fatty acids discovered in the Messel oil shale of the
1456:"A complex microbiota from snowball Earth times: microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, Death Valley, USA"
1330:
Burja AM, Banaigs B, Abou-Mansour E, Burgess JG, Wright PC (2001). "Marine cyanobacteria—a prolific source of natural products".
1276:
Leonov AV, Pishchal'nik VM, Arkhipkin VS (2011). "Estimation of biogenic substance transport by water masses in Tatar Strait".
1083:
Bhadury P, Wright PC (August 2004). "Exploitation of marine algae: biogenic compounds for potential antifouling applications".
1775:
1650:
1582:
1416:
2047:"Green Nanotechnology from Tea: Phytochemicals in Tea as Building Blocks for Production of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles"
133:. Due to their antimicrobial properties they are currently the subject of research in both industrial projects, such as for
2654:
623:
can be used to verify the biological origin of fossils and serve as paleo-ecological markers. For example, the presence of
2758:
2634:
2480:
1573:
Natta G, Porri L, Corradini P, Morero D (1967). "Crystalline Butadiene Polymer With an Isotactic 1,2-Enchainment".
1409:
Biogene Gifte Biologie - Chemie ; Pharmakologie - Toxikologie ; mit 2500 Strukturformeln und 62 Tabellen
2783:
392:
properties. This is because they are produced by the marine organisms as chemical deterrents and as such contain
921:
2837:
2811:
2473:
244:
Oncolitic limestone: the spheroidal oncolites are formed via deposition of calcium carbonate by cyanobacteria
2763:
2618:
2517:
154:
2793:
1528:
Studier MH, Hayatsu R, Anders E (1968). "Origin of organic matter in early solar system—I. Hydrocarbons".
2847:
2842:
677:
metallic nanoparticles then have applications as catalysts, glass window coatings to insulate heat, in
17:
1762:. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Vol. 70–72. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 249–56.
305:. However, the probability of these compounds being available in the natural environment is unlikely.
1683:
2751:
2746:
321:
The different biomolecules that make up a plant's biogenic substances – particularly those in seed
2685:
596:
496:
121:
process in sediment, but may also be transformed into other materials. This makes them useful as
458:
by the bacteria and reduced the biofilm's thickness by 25% and the number of live cells by 63%.
2574:
1678:
537:
158:
396:. The principal classes of marine algae that produce these types of secondary metabolites are
2857:
2778:
492:
93:
The observation and measurement of biogenic substances is notably important in the fields of
2045:
Nune SK, Chanda N, Shukla R, Katti K, Kulkarni RR, Thilakavathi S, et al. (June 2009).
672:
exudate in particular has had success in effectively producing Ag metallic particles, while
491:
Current research also aims to produce these biogenic substances on a commercial level using
2697:
2527:
2504:
2496:
2130:
1972:
1921:
1537:
1467:
454:. When applied at a 40 ÎĽg/mL concentration, the furanone inhibited the formation of a
1001:
368:
8:
2788:
2729:
664:
628:
483:
393:
313:
261:
can be found in many sediments as nickel or vanadyl complexes. A large proportion of the
2134:
1976:
1925:
1541:
1471:
2852:
2832:
2354:
2189:
2146:
2071:
2046:
1945:
1894:
1824:
1704:
1623:
1434:
1389:
1293:
1108:
993:
908:
476:
207:
134:
125:
for geologists to verify the age, origin and degradation processes of different rocks.
54:
2420:
2107:
1855:
1549:
1490:
1455:
1343:
2773:
2741:
2675:
2522:
2451:
2424:
2389:
2385:
2346:
2310:
2275:
2271:
2181:
2076:
2027:
1988:
1937:
1859:
1816:
1781:
1771:
1739:
1696:
1692:
1646:
1627:
1615:
1578:
1495:
1422:
1412:
1393:
1381:
1297:
1243:
1226:
Albrecht P, Ourisson G (April 1971). "Biogenic substances in sediments and fossils".
1100:
1017:
928:
755:
450:
434:
357:
224:
216:
87:
75:
2358:
2193:
2150:
1949:
1898:
1828:
1708:
1112:
2692:
2680:
2611:
2581:
2416:
2381:
2338:
2302:
2267:
2240:
2207:
2173:
2138:
2103:
2066:
2058:
2019:
1980:
1929:
1886:
1851:
1808:
1763:
1731:
1688:
1607:
1553:
1545:
1485:
1475:
1373:
1339:
1285:
1235:
1092:
997:
499:
design, algae and their biogenic substances can be produced on a large scale using
166:
162:"Organic rocks". Other secondary categories were "Igneous" and "Hydrogenic" rocks.
31:
1933:
643:
2712:
2670:
1767:
1022:
984:
substance or process does not result from the present or past activity of living
500:
444:
254:
2591:
2564:
2559:
2539:
2534:
1460:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1377:
326:
322:
270:
83:
2306:
2142:
1890:
1611:
1289:
1096:
48:
2826:
2768:
2554:
2549:
2185:
1992:
1619:
1426:
1385:
1032:
852:
710:
656:
582:
471:
401:
389:
130:
1558:
1480:
709:
are possible examples of constituents which may have undergone changes over
503:. Different system types can be used to yield different biogenic products.
30:"Biogenic" redirects here. For the Philippine brand of rubbing alcohol, see
2601:
2596:
2569:
2512:
2428:
2080:
2031:
2023:
1941:
1863:
1820:
1743:
1700:
1499:
1239:
1104:
652:
651:
Another application of biogenic substances is in the synthesis of metallic
405:
397:
353:
186:
98:
2455:
2393:
2350:
2314:
2279:
1785:
1721:
1247:
2717:
2707:
2702:
2606:
1962:
1164:
Biogenic Synthesis of Ag and Au Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Seed Exudates
1005:
724:
678:
602:
463:
429:
114:
110:
102:
79:
2465:
1984:
2586:
2544:
2342:
2177:
1027:
877:
832:
467:
439:
421:
409:
343:
reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
266:
220:
118:
106:
2244:
2120:
1812:
1735:
2734:
2639:
2062:
748:
720:
706:
620:
530:
338:
334:
262:
174:
170:
122:
41:
1361:
896:
Simonin, JĂĽrgens & Rohmer (1996), Albrecht & Ourisson (1971)
985:
689:
624:
417:
178:
37:
1362:"New York Academy of Sciences. Section of Geology and Mineralogy"
989:
845:
802:
632:
563:
507:
Examples of photobioreactor use for biogenic compound production
455:
250:
94:
2292:
2093:
1329:
1275:
1166:(Master's thesis). Sydney, Australia: The University of Sydney.
740:
694:
425:
277:
71:
67:
82:. They are generally isolated and measured through the use of
2644:
1640:
1128:
Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Materials and Composites
730:
716:
545:
413:
385:
258:
215:
Through studying the transport of biogenic substances in the
190:
117:. These biogenic substances are capable of withstanding the
2649:
2230:
744:
734:
702:
541:
647:
Scanning electron microscope image of silver nanoparticles
581:
Sulphated exopolysaccharides for antiviral action against
140:
1575:
Stereoregular Polymers and Stereospecific Polymerizations
1572:
2327:
1597:
1756:
817:
Klein, Braekman, Daloze, Hoffmann & Demoulin (1997)
762:
223:
within the water. They can likewise be expended due to
157:' Section of Geology and Mineralogy in 1903, geologist
2331:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
487:
Photobioreactor used to produce microalgae metabolites
2257:
2044:
2008:
1453:
341:. Compounds can then be further differentiated using
2371:
1527:
1411:(3., neu bearb. und erw. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart.
325:- can be identified by using different varieties of
113:, and can be found in samples extending back to the
109:
in geological sediments are derived from plants and
638:
432:. For example, over 10% of compounds isolated from
1406:
751:are examples of secretions of contemporary origin.
536:Cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic effective against
448:from the Rhodophyceae class against the growth of
1846:. Marine Biotechnology: Basics and Applications.
737:are biogenic constituents of contemporary origin.
129:are produced by micro and macro algae, including
2824:
1454:Corsetti FA, Awramik SM, Pierce D (April 2003).
1225:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
372:Cyanobacteria extracts inhibiting the growth of
329:in a lab environment. For metabolite profiling,
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
149:Biogenic sediment: limestone containing fossils
2406:
2004:
2002:
1157:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
2481:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1082:
1911:
1841:
1355:
1353:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1170:
1125:
1999:
1798:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1045:
2488:
2474:
2441:
1439:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1254:
1134:
269:in Germany arise from organic material of
2495:
2070:
1682:
1557:
1489:
1479:
1350:
1304:
317:Chromatographic separation of chlorophyll
78:, biogenic substances are referred to as
2295:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1876:
1659:
688:
642:
482:
367:
312:
239:
206:
144:
47:
36:
975:
141:History of discovery and classification
14:
2825:
2163:
1512:
1161:
379:
169:first detected biogenic substances in
2469:
1760:Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
1643:Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1964
1359:
820:Mooberry, Stratman & Moore (1995)
614:
408:. Observed biogenic products include
211:Model of movement of marine compounds
197:
1517:. Springer-Verlag Press. p. 32.
763:Table of isolated biogenic compounds
697:, a triterpenoid derived from plants
331:gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
988:. Abiogenic products may, e.g., be
723:are examples of secretions (marine
495:. By pairing these techniques with
235:
24:
2759:Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
1515:Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites
663:juices have been shown to produce
44:, a transformed biogenic substance
25:
2869:
2108:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.08.015
1407:Teuscher E, Lindequist U (2010).
2807:
2806:
2386:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00865.x
2374:European Journal of Biochemistry
2123:Journal of Nanoparticle Research
1693:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01087.x
639:Metallic nanoparticle production
493:metabolic engineering techniques
472:acetylene sesquiterpenoid esters
27:Product made by or of life forms
2435:
2400:
2365:
2321:
2286:
2251:
2224:
2200:
2157:
2114:
2096:Materials Chemistry and Physics
2087:
2038:
1956:
1905:
1870:
1835:
1792:
1750:
1715:
1671:Letters in Applied Microbiology
1634:
1591:
1566:
1530:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1521:
1506:
384:Metabolites produced by marine
363:
202:
2051:Journal of Materials Chemistry
1577:. Elsevier. pp. 102–103.
1447:
1400:
1119:
967:Albrecht & Ourisson (1971)
922:Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
308:
52:Natural gum, a secretion from
13:
1:
2421:10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00240-2
1934:10.1126/science.150.3703.1588
1856:10.1016/S1389-0344(03)00070-4
1550:10.1016/S0016-7037(68)80002-X
1344:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00931-0
1038:
388:have been found to have many
2764:Lichens and nitrogen cycling
2619:Marine biogeochemical cycles
2272:10.1016/0304-3835(95)03940-X
1879:Journal of Applied Phycology
1768:10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_24
1645:. Elsevier. pp. 41–74.
1126:Francis R, Kumar DS (2016).
938:Saker & Eaglesham (1999)
727:) which are of geologic age.
681:, and in biosensor devices.
165:In the 1930s German chemist
155:New York Academy of Sciences
7:
2233:Journal of Natural Products
1724:Journal of Natural Products
1011:
684:
228:were constant. These were O
10:
2874:
1378:10.1126/science.18.468.789
887:Prochlorothrix hollandica,
583:encephalomyocarditis virus
526:Seaweed type polyurethane
173:as part of his studies of
29:
2802:
2663:
2627:
2503:
1612:10.1134/S0097807811040075
1290:10.1134/S009780781006103X
1097:10.1007/s00425-004-1307-5
2752:Arctic methane emissions
2747:clathrate gun hypothesis
2518:carbonate–silicate cycle
1844:Biomolecular Engineering
1130:. John Wiley & Sons.
1002:extraterrestrial methane
941:Zhang & Smith (1996)
929:Hapalosiphon welwitschii
568:Huang and Rorrer (2003)
550:Chetsumon et al. (1998)
153:During a meeting of the
101:. A large proportion of
2784:Phosphorus assimilation
2686:environmental chemistry
2307:10.1093/jnci/81.16.1254
2143:10.1023/A:1012578821566
1891:10.1023/A:1008159127672
1481:10.1073/pnas.0730560100
1360:Hovey EO (1903-12-18).
862:Gustafson et al. (1989)
597:Haematococcus pluvialis
531:Scytonema sp.TISTR 8208
515:Algae species cultured
497:biochemical engineering
470:that cause fouling are
2444:Molecular Pharmacology
2024:10.1002/smll.200800525
1801:Biotechnology Progress
1240:10.1002/anie.197102091
698:
693:Chemical structure of
648:
538:Gram-positive bacteria
488:
376:
318:
245:
212:
159:Amadeus William Grabau
150:
58:
45:
2779:Nitrogen assimilation
2497:Biogeochemical cycles
692:
646:
577:Gyrodinium impundicum
512:Photobioreactor type
486:
440:halogenated furanones
371:
316:
243:
210:
148:
51:
40:
2838:Geological processes
2794:Planetary boundaries
2698:carbon sequestration
2528:oceanic carbon cycle
996:, as well as simple
976:Abiogenic (opposite)
629:polycyclic compounds
592:Large scale outdoor
559:Agardhiella subulata
2789:Sulfur assimilation
2730:Ocean acidification
2135:2001JNR.....3..475C
1977:2002NanoL...2..397G
1926:1965Sci...150.1588B
1542:1968GeCoA..32..151S
1472:2003PNAS..100.4399C
994:inorganic compounds
846:Lyngbya lagerheimii
809:Plectonema radiosum
768:
508:
394:bioactive compounds
380:Anti-fouling paints
221:metabolic processes
187:marine biochemistry
135:anti-fouling paints
2343:10.1007/BF00195486
2178:10.1007/BF02277944
909:Cylindrospermopsin
865:Ohta et al. (1994)
803:Lyngbya bouillonii
767:
699:
649:
621:biological markers
615:Paleochemotaxonomy
587:Yim et al. (2003)
506:
489:
477:Caulerpa prolifera
377:
374:Micrococcus luteus
319:
257:of chlorophyll or
246:
213:
198:In the environment
151:
137:, or in medicine.
63:biogenic substance
59:
55:Hevea brasiliensis
46:
2848:Organic compounds
2843:Natural materials
2820:
2819:
2774:Nitrogen fixation
2742:Methane clathrate
2723:mycorrhizal fungi
2676:geochemical cycle
2523:deep carbon cycle
2245:10.1021/np9702751
2239:(10): 1057–1059.
2057:(19): 2912–2920.
1985:10.1021/nl015673+
1813:10.1021/bp020123i
1777:978-1-4612-7295-3
1736:10.1021/np0202529
1652:978-0-08-011577-1
1584:978-1-4831-9883-5
1513:Riding R (1991).
1418:978-3-8047-2438-9
1338:(46): 9347–9377.
1228:Angewandte Chemie
1162:Lukman A (2014).
1018:Biogenic minerals
998:organic compounds
973:
972:
853:Synechococcus sp.
756:neurotransmitters
612:
611:
546:pathogenic yeasts
542:filamentous fungi
451:Bacillus subtilis
435:Lyngbya majuscula
358:hydrofluoric acid
225:biotransformation
88:mass spectrometry
76:molecular biology
16:(Redirected from
2865:
2810:
2809:
2693:Biosequestration
2681:chemical cycling
2612:deep water cycle
2582:Phosphorus cycle
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2129:(5/6): 475–481.
2118:
2112:
2111:
2102:(2–3): 321–329.
2091:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2063:10.1039/b822015h
2042:
2036:
2035:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1920:(3703): 1588–9.
1909:
1903:
1902:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1686:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:2060/19670008440
1525:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1372:(468): 789–790.
1357:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1302:
1301:
1273:
1252:
1251:
1223:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1080:
960:Messel oil shale
889:Messel oil shale
769:
766:
665:Ag nanoparticles
509:
505:
501:photobioreactors
352:In the study of
333:is used to find
236:Geological sites
191:screening assays
167:Alfred E. Treibs
74:. In context of
32:Biogenic (brand)
21:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2798:
2713:biological pump
2671:Biogeochemistry
2659:
2628:Research groups
2623:
2499:
2494:
2464:
2463:
2440:
2436:
2405:
2401:
2370:
2366:
2326:
2322:
2291:
2287:
2256:
2252:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2162:
2158:
2119:
2115:
2092:
2088:
2043:
2039:
2007:
2000:
1961:
1957:
1910:
1906:
1875:
1871:
1850:(4–6): 273–80.
1840:
1836:
1797:
1793:
1778:
1755:
1751:
1720:
1716:
1684:10.1.1.701.7622
1667:
1660:
1653:
1639:
1635:
1600:Water Resources
1596:
1592:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1526:
1522:
1511:
1507:
1466:(8): 4399–404.
1452:
1448:
1432:
1431:
1419:
1405:
1401:
1358:
1351:
1328:
1305:
1278:Water Resources
1274:
1255:
1224:
1171:
1160:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1081:
1046:
1041:
1023:Natural product
1014:
978:
772:Chemical class
765:
687:
641:
617:
445:Delisea pulchra
382:
366:
311:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
271:vascular plants
255:dehydrogenation
238:
231:
205:
200:
143:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2667:
2665:
2664:Related topics
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Selenium cycle
2589:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2565:Nutrient cycle
2562:
2560:Nitrogen cycle
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Hydrogen cycle
2537:
2535:Chlorine cycle
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2434:
2415:(7): 1065–77.
2399:
2364:
2320:
2301:(16): 1254–8.
2285:
2260:Cancer Letters
2250:
2223:
2199:
2172:(4): 491–499.
2166:Plant and Soil
2156:
2113:
2086:
2037:
2018:(9): 1425–36.
1998:
1971:(4): 397–401.
1955:
1904:
1885:(3): 499–506.
1869:
1834:
1791:
1776:
1749:
1714:
1658:
1651:
1633:
1606:(6): 774–798.
1590:
1583:
1565:
1536:(2): 151–173.
1520:
1505:
1446:
1417:
1399:
1349:
1303:
1253:
1169:
1133:
1118:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1010:
977:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
963:
962:
961:
956:
955:
954:
949:
945:
944:
943:
942:
939:
934:
933:
932:
925:
916:
915:
914:
911:
904:
900:
899:
898:
897:
892:
891:
890:
882:
881:
880:
873:
869:
868:
867:
866:
863:
858:
857:
856:
849:
840:
839:
838:
837:Linolenic acid
835:
828:
824:
823:
822:
821:
818:
813:
812:
811:
806:
797:
796:
795:
792:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
738:
728:
714:
686:
683:
657:phytochemicals
640:
637:
616:
613:
610:
609:
608:Miguel (2000)
606:
600:
593:
589:
588:
585:
579:
574:
570:
569:
566:
561:
556:
552:
551:
548:
534:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
381:
378:
365:
362:
327:chromatography
310:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:Additionally,
237:
234:
229:
204:
201:
199:
196:
142:
139:
84:chromatography
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2870:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:Nitrification
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Mineral cycle
2553:
2551:
2550:Mercury cycle
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2457:
2453:
2450:(2): 288–94.
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:(3): 865–71.
2379:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:(5): 673–80.
2336:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:(2): 418–27.
1806:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:(4): 209–25.
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:(4): 561–78.
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1034:
1033:Phytochemical
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
966:
965:
964:
959:
958:
957:
952:
951:
950:
947:
946:
940:
937:
936:
935:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
919:
918:
917:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
901:
895:
894:
893:
888:
885:
884:
883:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
870:
864:
861:
860:
859:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
843:
842:
841:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
825:
819:
816:
815:
814:
810:
807:
805:
804:
800:
799:
798:
793:
791:Lyngbyaloside
790:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
726:
725:animal shells
722:
718:
715:
712:
711:geologic time
708:
704:
701:
700:
696:
691:
682:
680:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:nanoparticles
645:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
607:
604:
601:
599:
598:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
580:
578:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:Stirred tank
554:
553:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
533:
532:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
485:
481:
479:
478:
473:
469:
465:
459:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:Chlorophyceae
399:
395:
391:
390:antimicrobial
387:
375:
370:
361:
359:
355:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
315:
306:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
242:
233:
226:
222:
218:
209:
195:
192:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
160:
156:
147:
138:
136:
132:
131:cyanobacteria
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
57:
56:
50:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2858:Paleobiology
2602:Sulfur cycle
2597:Silica cycle
2570:Oxygen cycle
2513:Carbon cycle
2447:
2443:
2437:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2266:(2): 261–6.
2263:
2259:
2253:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:
2202:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2015:
2011:
1968:
1965:Nano Letters
1964:
1958:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1759:
1752:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1677:(4): 293–9.
1674:
1670:
1642:
1636:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1574:
1568:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1408:
1402:
1369:
1365:
1335:
1331:
1284:(1): 72–86.
1281:
1277:
1231:
1227:
1163:
1127:
1121:
1088:
1084:
981:
979:
927:
920:
886:
878:Triterpenoid
851:
844:
808:
801:
786:Lipopeptide
674:L. culinaris
673:
669:
660:
650:
618:
595:
576:
558:
529:
490:
475:
474:produced by
460:
449:
443:
442:produced by
433:
430:lipopeptides
406:Rhodophyceae
398:Cyanophyceae
383:
373:
364:Applications
354:geochemistry
351:
347:
320:
275:
247:
217:Tatar Strait
214:
203:Hydroecology
183:
164:
152:
127:
99:biochemistry
92:
80:biomolecules
62:
60:
53:
2718:viral shunt
2708:soil carbon
2703:carbon sink
2607:Water cycle
1730:(1): 21–4.
1332:Tetrahedron
1006:abiogenesis
1004:, see also
913:Welwistatin
827:Fatty acid
679:biomedicine
603:Astaxanthin
422:fatty acids
410:polyketides
309:Measurement
263:isoprenoids
115:Precambrian
111:chlorophyll
107:fatty acids
103:isoprenoids
2827:Categories
2587:Rock cycle
2545:Iron cycle
2217:2020-11-20
1039:References
1028:Microalgae
953:Arborinone
833:Sulfolipid
794:Radiosumin
781:Reference
521:Reference
468:microalgae
335:flavonoids
267:Messel Pit
175:porphyrins
123:biomarkers
119:diagenesis
18:Biogenetic
2853:Phycology
2833:Biosphere
2735:acid rain
2640:GEOTRACES
2186:0032-079X
1993:1530-6984
1679:CiteSeerX
1628:128535855
1620:0097-8078
1435:cite book
1427:530386916
1394:140651030
1386:0036-8075
1298:129565443
986:organisms
982:abiogenic
903:Alkaloid
775:Compound
754:Biogenic
749:ambergris
721:limestone
670:M. sativa
661:C. annuum
605:compound
418:alkaloids
339:quercetin
179:sediments
171:petroleum
42:Crude oil
2812:Category
2429:10484741
2359:44300232
2208:"Lupeol"
2194:34913145
2151:92126604
2081:20161162
2032:18642250
1950:33248946
1942:17743968
1899:24973288
1864:12919808
1829:20653359
1821:12675582
1744:12542338
1709:20485554
1701:11940163
1500:12682298
1113:34172675
1105:15221382
1012:See also
992:, other
990:minerals
872:Terpene
713:periods.
685:Examples
625:pristane
573:Airlift
518:Product
337:such as
323:exudates
2456:8632761
2409:Toxicon
2394:8944776
2351:7910498
2315:2502635
2280:7585466
2212:PubChem
2131:Bibcode
2072:2737515
1973:Bibcode
1922:Bibcode
1914:Science
1786:9627386
1538:Bibcode
1468:Bibcode
1366:Science
1248:4996804
948:Ketone
778:Source
633:phytane
564:Biomass
456:biofilm
426:indoles
278:alkanes
251:kerogen
95:geology
72:animals
2505:Cycles
2454:
2427:
2392:
2357:
2349:
2313:
2278:
2192:
2184:
2149:
2079:
2069:
2030:
1991:
1948:
1940:
1897:
1862:
1827:
1819:
1784:
1774:
1742:
1707:
1699:
1681:
1649:
1626:
1618:
1581:
1498:
1491:153566
1488:
1425:
1415:
1392:
1384:
1296:
1246:
1111:
1103:
1085:Planta
1000:(e.g.
741:Pearls
695:lupeol
414:amides
68:plants
2655:SOLAS
2645:IMBER
2575:ozone
2355:S2CID
2190:S2CID
2147:S2CID
2012:Small
1946:S2CID
1895:S2CID
1825:S2CID
1705:S2CID
1624:S2CID
1390:S2CID
1294:S2CID
1109:S2CID
731:grass
717:Chalk
386:algae
301:– VCl
259:hemin
2650:NOBM
2635:DAAC
2452:PMID
2425:PMID
2390:PMID
2347:PMID
2311:PMID
2276:PMID
2182:ISSN
2077:PMID
2028:PMID
1989:ISSN
1938:PMID
1860:PMID
1817:PMID
1782:PMID
1772:ISBN
1740:PMID
1697:PMID
1647:ISBN
1616:ISSN
1579:ISBN
1496:PMID
1441:link
1423:OCLC
1413:ISBN
1382:ISSN
1244:PMID
1101:PMID
747:and
745:silk
735:wood
733:and
719:and
705:and
703:Coal
544:and
428:and
404:and
105:and
97:and
86:and
2417:doi
2382:doi
2378:241
2339:doi
2303:doi
2268:doi
2241:doi
2174:doi
2139:doi
2104:doi
2067:PMC
2059:doi
2020:doi
1981:doi
1930:doi
1918:150
1887:doi
1852:doi
1809:doi
1764:doi
1732:doi
1689:doi
1608:doi
1554:hdl
1546:doi
1486:PMC
1476:doi
1464:100
1374:doi
1340:doi
1286:doi
1236:doi
1093:doi
1089:219
1008:).
980:An
707:oil
631:or
464:TBT
70:or
2829::
2448:49
2446:.
2423:.
2413:37
2411:.
2388:.
2376:.
2353:.
2345:.
2335:52
2333:.
2309:.
2299:81
2297:.
2274:.
2264:96
2262:.
2237:60
2235:.
2210:.
2188:.
2180:.
2170:52
2168:.
2145:.
2137:.
2125:.
2100:97
2098:.
2075:.
2065:.
2055:19
2053:.
2049:.
2026:.
2014:.
2001:^
1987:.
1979:.
1967:.
1944:.
1936:.
1928:.
1916:.
1893:.
1883:12
1881:.
1858:.
1848:20
1823:.
1815:.
1805:19
1803:.
1780:.
1770:.
1738:.
1728:66
1726:.
1703:.
1695:.
1687:.
1675:34
1673:.
1661:^
1622:.
1614:.
1604:38
1602:.
1552:.
1544:.
1534:32
1532:.
1494:.
1484:.
1474:.
1462:.
1458:.
1437:}}
1433:{{
1421:.
1388:.
1380:.
1370:18
1368:.
1364:.
1352:^
1336:57
1334:.
1306:^
1292:.
1282:38
1280:.
1256:^
1242:.
1232:10
1230:.
1172:^
1136:^
1107:.
1099:.
1087:.
1047:^
743:,
540:,
424:,
420:,
416:,
412:,
400:,
345:.
287:14
285:-C
273:.
181:.
61:A
2489:e
2482:t
2475:v
2458:.
2431:.
2419::
2396:.
2384::
2361:.
2341::
2317:.
2305::
2282:.
2270::
2247:.
2243::
2220:.
2196:.
2176::
2153:.
2141::
2133::
2127:3
2110:.
2106::
2083:.
2061::
2034:.
2022::
2016:4
1995:.
1983::
1975::
1969:2
1952:.
1932::
1924::
1901:.
1889::
1866:.
1854::
1831:.
1811::
1788:.
1766::
1746:.
1734::
1711:.
1691::
1655:.
1630:.
1610::
1587:.
1562:.
1556::
1548::
1540::
1502:.
1478::
1470::
1443:)
1429:.
1396:.
1376::
1346:.
1342::
1300:.
1288::
1250:.
1238::
1115:.
1095::
758:.
303:3
299:3
297:)
295:5
293:H
291:2
283:9
230:2
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(31870570908).jpg)