386:) in having a phonemic glottal stop, two stop series (short and long), five vowels without a length contrast, relatively complex consonant clusters in codas (though only single-consonant onsets) and no essential distinction between word and syllable phonotactics. The consonant and vowel tables include the standardized pan-dialectal orthography.
321:
As a recent umbrella term for a group of mutually intelligible dialects, Bininj Kunwok itself is not included in the
Australian census, however the individual dialects are. In the 2021 census, 1494 people reported being Kunwinjku language speakers, as well as 423 of Kuninjku, 257 of Kune, 71 of
971:, with grammatical relations largely encoded within the complex verb. The verb carries obligatory polypersonal agreement, a number of derivational affixes (including benefactive, comitative, reflexive/reciprocal and TAM-morphology) and has an impressive potential for
353:, under the title "N186: Bininj Gun-Wok / Bininj Kunwok", cites Evans' grouping, but adds that others have used Kunwinjku as the equivalent of Bininj Gun-wok (Dixon 2002). It also notes that Mayali has also sometimes been used in the same way.
978:
The
Kunwinjku dialect preserved four noun classes but lost the core case marking on the nouns, and a handful of semantic cases are optional. Kune and Manyallaluk Mayali dialects have an optional ergative marker
360:, and is the most widespread, with an ethnic population of around 900, almost all of whom speak Kunwinjku in spite of increasing exposure to English. Kundjeyhmi is spoken in the central part of Kakadu.
1052:
208:
322:
Mayali and 12 of
Gundjeihmi (Kundjeyhmi), totalling 2,257 speakers. Kundedjnjenghmi was not offered as an option according to the Australian Standard Classification of Languages (ASCL).
5601:
951:
system with length distinctions. Bininj Kunwok is unique in that it does not have length distinctions for vowels (despite having them for consonants), and has the mid vowels
3365:
1118:
1407:
334:
for all dialects, identifies six dialects: Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Gundjeihmi (now
Kundjeyhmi), Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi, and two varieties of
1346:
1011:), there is no rigid order within the 'nominal group', and the distinction between predicative and argumental use of nominals is hard to make.
3358:
1355:
370:
As of June 2015, the
Gundjeihmi dialect group officially adopted standard Kunwinjku orthography, meaning it would in future be spelt
279:(Kune Dulerayek and Kune Narayek). Kunwinjku is the dominant dialect, and also sometimes used to refer to the group. The spellings
3351:
1400:
363:
As of 2020, only three of the 12 original languages spoken in the Kakadu area are regularly spoken: Kundjeyhmi, Kunwinjku and
5273:
367:. Kundjeyhmi and Kunwinjku are dialects of Bininj Kunwok, while Jawoyn is a separate language spoken in the southern areas.
345:
these distinctions are recognised, at least by the relevant group and its neighbours, by the use of distinct language names.
1393:
703:
5425:
5385:
2236:
3514:
3472:
2108:
5253:
3082:
311:
5469:
5313:
4293:
4249:
3575:
3374:
2496:
1008:
936:
794:
383:
240:
5591:
5378:
5340:
3548:
17:
5464:
5451:
5331:
315:
5229:
4701:
4054:
3632:
1613:
1004:
825:
806:
684:
223:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
924:
916:
903:
895:
887:
879:
866:
858:
652:
644:
5459:
5365:
5288:
5204:
4923:
4378:
3094:
1808:
972:
765:
563:
499:
1362:
5430:
5267:
4256:
4200:
3387:
2988:
2787:
2643:
2631:
2446:
2144:
1811:
1780:
1416:
713:
553:
523:
489:
459:
5278:
2259:
2087:
1698:
543:
479:
5302:
5117:
3934:
3834:
3814:
3774:
3661:
3646:
3524:
3449:
3054:
2016:
1889:
1765:
1603:
1462:
1447:
777:
1206:
1181:
5550:
4910:
4725:
4500:
4113:
3519:
2845:
2817:
1965:
1641:
1598:
1531:
533:
469:
162:
3343:
382:
Bininj Kunwok is typical of the languages of central Arnhem Land (and contrasts with most other
342:
the phonology, grammar and lexicon of these dialects share significant clusterings of properties
4918:
4887:
4854:
4821:
4549:
4085:
3954:
3638:
3411:
3018:
3008:
2339:
2324:
2278:
2206:
2164:
1300:
968:
622:
431:
291:
5474:
5562:
4029:
4022:
4010:
3865:
3841:
3228:
2921:
2908:
2720:
2537:
2296:
1713:
1593:
1541:
674:
612:
582:
110:
4406:
3116:
287:
have also been used in the past, however Bininj Kunwok is the current standard orthography.
5596:
5544:
5419:
5296:
5243:
5087:
5023:
4877:
4872:
4844:
4839:
4831:
4598:
4388:
3979:
3483:
3477:
3249:
3157:
3103:
2957:
2893:
2756:
2605:
2577:
2572:
2387:
2316:
2301:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2169:
2082:
1988:
1973:
1922:
1917:
1907:
1734:
1703:
1551:
1546:
1155:
1048:
602:
399:
303:
214:
8:
5502:
5261:
5237:
5193:
5122:
5056:
5046:
4862:
4808:
4785:
4671:
4543:
4528:
4506:
4449:
4432:
4143:
4120:
3871:
3785:
3611:
3509:
3432:
3421:
3416:
3378:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3147:
3033:
2898:
2751:
2728:
2705:
2562:
2254:
2156:
2069:
2029:
1996:
1932:
1912:
1823:
1651:
1577:
1457:
1452:
441:
5212:
5070:
5018:
5005:
4968:
4816:
4775:
4754:
4618:
4533:
4401:
4367:
4336:
4325:
4262:
4244:
4216:
4092:
3878:
3801:
3757:
3617:
3604:
3455:
3319:
3291:
3281:
3208:
3121:
2937:
2733:
2674:
2666:
2651:
2628:
2595:
2519:
2509:
2486:
2415:
2410:
2329:
2291:
2221:
2141:
2077:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2006:
2001:
1897:
1841:
1785:
1744:
1672:
1626:
1621:
1556:
1482:
1097:
1028:
592:
436:
421:
157:
63:
4076:
3000:
1071:
200:
5394:
5307:
5178:
5158:
5102:
5076:
5064:
5033:
4978:
4895:
4780:
4738:
4604:
4577:
4564:
4484:
4347:
4307:
4276:
4271:
4205:
4195:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3886:
3808:
3750:
3684:
3652:
3624:
3490:
3306:
3273:
3254:
3244:
3193:
3183:
2952:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2784:
2743:
2656:
2600:
2587:
2567:
2547:
2504:
2466:
2443:
2397:
2374:
2354:
2344:
2286:
2185:
2179:
2024:
1879:
1874:
1836:
1760:
1739:
1708:
1646:
1572:
1526:
1467:
635:
414:
404:
137:
5372:
5349:
5153:
4991:
4986:
4963:
4955:
4945:
4937:
4867:
4710:
4687:
4633:
4582:
4568:
4511:
4411:
4396:
4330:
4171:
4165:
4156:
4129:
3991:
3967:
3940:
3794:
3715:
3708:
3296:
3259:
3198:
3126:
3111:
3028:
2878:
2873:
2863:
2855:
2812:
2710:
2684:
2552:
2532:
2527:
2481:
2471:
2420:
2405:
2382:
2364:
2044:
1955:
1950:
1864:
1846:
1831:
1775:
1693:
1688:
1667:
1536:
1477:
1472:
1306:
1276:
664:
517:
453:
409:
142:
105:
77:
5484:
5218:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5041:
4715:
4538:
4479:
4473:
4361:
4355:
4315:
4136:
4106:
4099:
4003:
3947:
3848:
3765:
3724:
3672:
3599:
3594:
3581:
3567:
3463:
3426:
3324:
3314:
3286:
3218:
3188:
3178:
3059:
3038:
3023:
3013:
2942:
2888:
2868:
2807:
2761:
2692:
2557:
2542:
2476:
2458:
2359:
2334:
2246:
2193:
2118:
2103:
2059:
2034:
1978:
1945:
1856:
1770:
1631:
1508:
1492:
1487:
1429:
576:
426:
364:
97:
228:
5497:
5492:
5107:
4799:
4759:
4666:
4638:
4443:
4437:
4427:
4225:
4210:
4047:
3742:
3554:
3162:
3152:
3142:
2964:
2799:
2113:
1940:
1902:
1729:
448:
338:
most commonly known as Kune
Dulerayek and Kune Narayek; based on the fact that
152:
5585:
5539:
5511:
5183:
5013:
4900:
4648:
4643:
3735:
3696:
3587:
2349:
2306:
1869:
1518:
992:
747:
302:. There are over two thousand fluent speakers in an area roughly bounded by
5112:
509:
335:
147:
1323:
A tentative description of the
Gunwinggu language (of western Arnhem Land)
184:
5534:
1385:
742:
697:
307:
299:
1292:
Kunwinjku Kunwok: a short introduction to
Kunwinjku language and society
5556:
1281:
759:
752:
357:
1311:
356:
Kunwinjku is spoken in the largest population centre, the township of
5507:
5400:
1302:
Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune
1053:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
817:
788:
193:
177:
53:
5517:
5436:
1007:: nominal modifiers can appear without the N head (typical of many
983:. Nominals have extensive derivational morphology and compounding.
350:
5358:
3373:
1350:
1051:
Bininj Gun-wok at the
Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1374:
295:
73:
1289:
4319:
1336:
1305:. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
1248:
1224:
5602:
Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory
1003:
Bininj Kunwok shows syntactic patterns characteristic of
1347:
Bibliography of Gundjeihmi people and language resources
1275:(MA thesis). Australian National University: Canberra.
1341:
1236:
935:This is an abnormal vowel inventory for one of the
1356:Bibliography of Kune people and language resources
5583:
1136:
995:, with fusion zones at the edges of the word.
3359:
1401:
1273:Kunwinjku: a language of Western Arnhem Land
939:, as most of them simply have a three-vowel
330:Evans (2003), who introduced the cover term
3366:
3352:
1415:
1408:
1394:
1294:(2nd ed.). Kunwinjku Language Centre.
2627:
2140:
1381:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre.
1310:
1290:Etherington, S.; Etherington, N. (1996).
1280:
2783:
2442:
1807:
1363:"Reviving local languages in the region"
1325:. Sydney: Oceania Linguistic Monographs.
3081:
1270:
1148:
14:
5584:
2986:
1156:"N186: BININJ GUN-WOK / BININJ KUNWOK"
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1042:
389:
325:
298:people, who live primarily in western
3347:
3080:
2985:
2782:
2626:
2441:
2139:
1806:
1427:
1389:
1320:
1298:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1142:
396:
1428:
1057:
24:
1264:
729:
25:
5613:
1330:
1072:"Orthography— how to write words"
824:
805:
793:
776:
764:
712:
702:
683:
673:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
562:
552:
542:
532:
522:
508:
498:
488:
478:
468:
458:
1098:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
1029:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
5470:South Australian Pidgin English
1337:Bininj Kunwok online dictionary
1123:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1005:'non-configurational' languages
937:Australian Aboriginal languages
294:who speak the dialects are the
1199:
1174:
1119:"Language used at home (LANP)"
1111:
1090:
1021:
241:Australian Aboriginal language
27:Australian Aboriginal language
13:
1:
5465:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1014:
986:
243:which includes six dialects:
4840:Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)
1367:West Arnhem Regional Council
1160:AIATSIS Collection: AUSTLANG
1078:. Kunwinjku Language Project
959:as well as the usual three.
377:
7:
5460:Port Jackson Pidgin English
4822:Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
1375:"Kured [home page]"
10:
5618:
4599:Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ)
962:
5527:
5483:
5450:
5410:
5348:
5339:
5326:
5287:
5252:
5228:
5203:
5192:
5171:
5131:
5095:
5086:
5055:
5032:
5004:
4977:
4954:
4936:
4909:
4886:
4853:
4830:
4807:
4798:
4768:
4747:
4734:
4724:
4700:
4680:
4660:Eastern (Goulburn Island)
4659:
4626:
4617:
4591:
4563:
4521:
4493:
4466:
4459:
4420:
4387:
4377:
4346:
4306:
4289:
4234:
4188:
4155:
4075:
4068:
4042:
4023:Wilson River (Wangkumara)
3966:
3906:
3899:
3858:
3827:Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
3826:
3784:
3671:
3566:
3544:
3537:
3502:
3442:
3404:
3397:
3386:
3305:
3272:
3237:
3171:
3135:
3102:
3093:
3089:
3076:
3047:
2999:
2995:
2981:
2930:
2854:
2826:
2798:
2794:
2778:
2742:
2719:
2683:
2665:
2642:
2638:
2622:
2586:
2518:
2495:
2457:
2453:
2437:
2396:
2373:
2315:
2277:
2245:
2192:
2178:
2155:
2151:
2135:
2096:
2068:
2015:
1987:
1964:
1931:
1888:
1855:
1822:
1818:
1802:
1753:
1722:
1681:
1660:
1612:
1586:
1565:
1517:
1501:
1440:
1436:
1423:
998:
975:of both nouns and verbs.
923:
915:
865:
857:
849:
846:
721:
701:
696:
668:
663:
639:
634:
575:
447:
413:
408:
398:
222:
207:
191:
175:
170:
131:
94:
84:
69:
59:
49:
44:
39:
34:
4896:Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
4370:(Kurnindirri, southwest)
1299:Evans, Nicholas (2003).
90:2,257 (2021 census)
4739:Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
3473:Central New South Wales
275:, and two varieties of
5219:Southwestern Tasmanian
5213:Northwestern Tasmanian
4503:(Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
4333:(Ganggalida, Nyangga)
2947:old Wangkumara/Garlali
2916:new Wangkumara/Garlali
1417:Pama–Nyungan languages
1321:Oates, Lyn F. (1964).
1271:Carroll, P.J. (1976).
5592:Gunwinyguan languages
4817:Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
4809:Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
4800:Daly River Sprachbund
4030:Bulloo River (Galali)
3549:Western Torres Strait
3375:Australian Aboriginal
2237:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
1186:parksaustralia.gov.au
991:Morphology is mainly
318:region to the south.
314:to the east, and the
5420:Torres Strait Creole
5332:Aboriginal Englishes
5096:Western (Nyulnyulic)
3992:Arabana–Wangkangurru
3464:Anewan (Nganyaywana)
3297:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
1009:Australian languages
548:⟨djdj⟩
384:Australian languages
304:Kakadu National Park
218: Bininj Gun-wok
5357:Roper River Kriol (
5308:Southeast Tasmanian
5197:family-level groups
3443:New South Wales P–N
3083:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
841:
736:
568:⟨rdd⟩
390:Consonant inventory
326:Dialects and naming
5274:Lhotsky/Blackhouse
5238:Northern Tasmanian
4460:Gunwinyguan proper
4294:Proto-Pama–Nyungan
4157:Ngarna/Warluwarric
3907:Arandic–Thura–Yura
3731:Guwa–Yanda ?
2548:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
1369:. 17 January 2019.
928:⟨aw⟩
920:⟨ay⟩
907:⟨ow⟩
899:⟨ew⟩
891:⟨oy⟩
883:⟨ey⟩
870:⟨iw⟩
862:⟨uy⟩
839:
734:
679:⟨rr⟩
656:⟨rl⟩
627:⟨rn⟩
607:⟨ny⟩
597:⟨ng⟩
558:⟨dd⟩
538:⟨kk⟩
528:⟨bb⟩
504:⟨rd⟩
484:⟨dj⟩
310:to the north, the
265:Manyallaluk Mayali
64:Northern Territory
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5446:
5445:
5395:Mornington Island
5371:Kimberley Kriol (
5322:
5321:
5268:Tyerrernotepanner
5167:
5166:
5000:
4999:
4932:
4931:
4794:
4793:
4696:
4695:
4627:Central (Warrkbi)
4613:
4612:
4559:
4558:
4379:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4302:
4301:
4285:
4284:
4250:Kanyara–Mantharta
4064:
4063:
3975:Northern (Palku)
3895:
3894:
3709:Bidyara–Gungabula
3533:
3532:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3268:
3267:
3136:Mangarrayi-Marran
3095:Macro-Gunwinyguan
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2497:Kanyara–Mantharta
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2273:
2272:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1781:Mbariman-Gudhinma
967:Bininj Kunwok is
933:
932:
837:
836:
830:⟨a⟩
811:⟨o⟩
799:⟨e⟩
782:⟨u⟩
770:⟨i⟩
727:
726:
718:⟨y⟩
708:⟨w⟩
689:⟨r⟩
648:⟨l⟩
617:⟨n⟩
587:⟨m⟩
494:⟨d⟩
474:⟨k⟩
464:⟨b⟩
306:to the west, the
292:Aboriginal people
234:
233:
16:(Redirected from
5609:
5426:Cape York Creole
5384:Westside Kriol (
5350:Australian Kriol
5346:
5345:
5337:
5336:
5201:
5200:
5132:Eastern (Dyukun)
5093:
5092:
4952:
4951:
4805:
4804:
4748:Limilngan–Wulna?
4732:
4731:
4624:
4623:
4464:
4463:
4385:
4384:
4073:
4072:
3904:
3903:
3835:Guugu Yimidihirr
3542:
3541:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
2997:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2796:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2640:
2639:
2624:
2623:
2455:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2264:Kuurn Kopan Noot
2260:Dhauwurd Wurrung
2190:
2189:
2153:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2088:Pallanganmiddang
1820:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1699:Aghu Tharrnggala
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1370:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1025:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
929:
926:
921:
918:
908:
905:
900:
897:
892:
889:
884:
881:
871:
868:
863:
860:
842:
838:
831:
828:
812:
809:
800:
797:
783:
780:
771:
768:
737:
733:
719:
716:
709:
706:
690:
687:
680:
677:
657:
654:
649:
646:
628:
625:
618:
615:
608:
605:
598:
595:
588:
585:
569:
566:
559:
556:
549:
546:
539:
536:
529:
526:
512:
505:
502:
495:
492:
485:
482:
475:
472:
465:
462:
394:
393:
217:
203:
187:
180:
100:
32:
31:
21:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5571:
5523:
5485:Mixed languages
5479:
5475:Pidgin Ngarluma
5442:
5412:
5406:
5364:Bamyili Kriol (
5330:
5328:
5327:New Indigenous
5318:
5303:Little Swanport
5283:
5270:(North Midland)
5248:
5224:
5221:(Toogee) ?
5196:
5188:
5163:
5127:
5118:Djabirr-Djabirr
5082:
5051:
5028:
4996:
4973:
4950:
4928:
4924:Ngan’gityemerri
4905:
4882:
4849:
4826:
4790:
4764:
4743:
4720:
4692:
4676:
4655:
4609:
4587:
4555:
4552:(Enindhilyagwa)
4517:
4489:
4455:
4416:
4373:
4358:(Garrwa, north)
4342:
4298:
4281:
4230:
4184:
4151:
4060:
4038:
3962:
3891:
3854:
3822:
3780:
3667:
3662:Flinders Island
3633:Southwest Paman
3562:
3529:
3498:
3438:
3390:
3382:
3372:
3342:
3329:
3301:
3264:
3233:
3167:
3131:
3085:
3064:
3043:
2991:
2969:
2926:
2903:Wangka-Yutjurru
2850:
2822:
2790:
2766:
2738:
2715:
2679:
2661:
2634:
2610:
2582:
2514:
2491:
2449:
2425:
2392:
2369:
2311:
2269:
2241:
2207:Dja Dja Wurrung
2188:
2174:
2147:
2123:
2092:
2064:
2011:
1983:
1960:
1927:
1884:
1851:
1814:
1790:
1766:Flinders Island
1749:
1718:
1677:
1656:
1608:
1604:Guugu Yimidhirr
1582:
1561:
1513:
1497:
1463:Arritinngithigh
1448:Adithinngithigh
1432:
1430:Paman languages
1419:
1414:
1373:
1361:
1333:
1267:
1265:Further reading
1262:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1211:Parks Australia
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1001:
989:
965:
927:
919:
906:
898:
890:
882:
869:
861:
829:
810:
798:
781:
769:
732:
730:Vowel inventory
717:
707:
688:
678:
655:
647:
626:
616:
606:
596:
586:
567:
557:
547:
537:
527:
503:
493:
483:
473:
463:
392:
380:
328:
273:Kundedjnjenghmi
213:
199:
183:
176:
163:Kundedjnjenghmi
127:
101:
98:Language family
96:
87:
86:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5615:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5568:Murdi Language
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5515:
5505:
5500:
5498:Gurindji Kriol
5495:
5493:Light Warlpiri
5489:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5434:
5431:Lockhart River
5428:
5423:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5386:Victoria River
5382:
5376:
5373:Fitzroy Valley
5369:
5362:
5354:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5329:languages and
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5300:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5264:(Northeastern)
5258:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5209:
5207:
5198:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4878:Marramaninjsji
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4702:Marrku–Wurrugu
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4592:Other isolates
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4382:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4364:(Wanji, south)
4359:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4323:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4238:
4236:
4235:South-West P–N
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4208:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4189:Desert Nyungic
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4133:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4107:Dhuwal–Dhuwala
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3910:
3908:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:Lower Burdekin
3805:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3775:Lower Burdekin
3772:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3729:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3647:Southern Paman
3644:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:Mbarrumbathama
3621:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3576:Northern Paman
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
3545:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3055:Lower Burdekin
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2846:Lower Arrernte
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2818:Western Desert
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2114:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Kuuk Thaayorre
1639:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1353:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1331:External links
1329:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1296:
1287:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1198:
1173:
1162:. 26 July 2019
1147:
1135:
1110:
1089:
1056:
1041:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1000:
997:
988:
985:
964:
961:
931:
930:
922:
914:
910:
909:
901:
893:
885:
877:
873:
872:
864:
856:
852:
851:
848:
845:
835:
834:
832:
822:
820:
814:
813:
803:
801:
791:
785:
784:
774:
772:
762:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
731:
728:
725:
724:
722:
720:
710:
700:
694:
693:
691:
681:
671:
669:
667:
661:
660:
658:
650:
642:
640:
638:
632:
631:
629:
619:
609:
599:
589:
579:
573:
572:
570:
560:
550:
540:
530:
520:
514:
513:
506:
496:
486:
476:
466:
456:
451:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
388:
379:
376:
347:
346:
343:
332:Bininj Gun-wok
327:
324:
285:Bininj Kun-Wok
281:Bininj Gun-wok
232:
231:
229:Bininj Gun-wok
226:
220:
219:
211:
205:
204:
197:
189:
188:
181:
173:
172:
171:Language codes
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
133:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
104:
102:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Native to
47:
46:
42:
41:
40:Bininj Gun-Wok
37:
36:
26:
18:Bininj Gun-Wok
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5614:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5540:Nunga English
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:Tennant Creek
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:Northeastern
5409:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5325:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:(Paredarerme)
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Murrinh-patha
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4911:Southern Daly
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4832:Northern Daly
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4726:Darwin Region
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4501:Bininj Kunwok
4499:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:Djambarrpuyŋu
4111:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3956:
3955:Adnyamathanha
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3716:Margany–Gunya
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3639:Kuuk Thayorre
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Gumbaynggiric
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:Victorian P–N
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Adnyamathanha
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Yabula-Yabula
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1966:Gumbaynggiric
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Gureng Gureng
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Gugu Yalandyi
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1379:Bininj Kunwok
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1251:
1245:, p. 76.
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1077:
1076:Bininj Gunwok
1073:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
993:agglutinating
984:
982:
976:
974:
973:incorporation
970:
969:polysynthetic
960:
938:
912:
911:
902:
894:
886:
878:
875:
874:
854:
853:
844:
843:
833:
827:
823:
821:
819:
816:
815:
808:
804:
802:
796:
792:
790:
787:
786:
779:
775:
773:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:
735:Monophthongs
723:
715:
711:
705:
699:
695:
692:
686:
682:
676:
672:
670:
666:
662:
659:
651:
643:
641:
637:
633:
630:
624:
620:
614:
610:
604:
600:
594:
590:
584:
580:
578:
574:
571:
565:
561:
555:
551:
545:
541:
535:
531:
525:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
507:
501:
497:
491:
487:
481:
477:
471:
467:
461:
457:
455:
452:
450:
446:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
416:
411:
406:
403:
401:
395:
387:
385:
375:
373:
368:
366:
361:
359:
354:
352:
344:
341:
340:
339:
337:
333:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Bininj Kunwok
230:
227:
225:
221:
216:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
196:
195:
190:
186:
182:
179:
174:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
134:
130:
120:
119:Bininj Kunwok
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
103:
99:
93:
89:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
38:
35:Bininj Kunwok
33:
30:
19:
5391:Barkly Kriol
5314:Bruny Island
5254:Northeastern
5240:(Tommeginne)
5024:Gajirrawoong
4888:Eastern Daly
4855:Western Daly
4550:Anindilyakwa
4261:
4257:Kartu–Nhanda
4215:
4201:Ngumpin–Yapa
4164:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4053:
4046:
4028:
4021:
4011:Yandruwandha
4009:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3925:
3918:
3877:
3870:
3847:
3842:Kuku Yalanji
3840:
3833:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3764:
3756:
3741:
3734:
3723:
3714:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3660:
3651:
3637:
3623:
3616:
3605:Umbindhamuic
3595:Middle Paman
3580:
3553:
3515:Bandjalangic
3489:
3482:
3462:
3454:
3431:
3412:Lower Murray
3398:Southeastern
3388:Pama–Nyungan
3229:Anindilyakwa
2989:Pama–Nyungan
2943:Bulloo River
2922:Yandruwandha
2909:Wilson River
2788:Pama–Nyungan
2700:Yindjilandji
2644:Ngumpin–Yapa
2632:Pama–Nyungan
2573:Yindjibarndi
2538:Martuthunira
2447:Pama–Nyungan
2279:Lower Murray
2145:Pama–Nyungan
1812:Pama–Nyungan
1594:Barrow Point
1378:
1366:
1358:, at AIATSIS
1322:
1301:
1291:
1272:
1257:, chapter 6.
1250:
1238:
1233:, chapter 2.
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1138:
1128:10 September
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1103:10 September
1101:. Retrieved
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1075:
1044:
1034:10 September
1032:. Retrieved
1023:
1002:
990:
980:
977:
966:
934:
432:Postalveolar
381:
371:
369:
362:
355:
349:As of 2020,
348:
331:
329:
320:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
235:
192:
118:
29:
5597:Arnhem Land
5535:Neo-Nyungar
5508:Wumpurrarni
5503:Modern Tiwi
5422:(Yumplatok)
5244:Port Sorell
5215:(Peerapper)
4873:Marrithiyel
4868:Merranunggu
4863:Marri Ngarr
4639:Garig–Ilgar
4318:(register:
4144:Ganhalpuyŋu
4086:Dhaŋu–Djaŋu
3980:Pitta-Pitta
3866:Kalkatungic
3503:North Coast
3484:Barranbinja
3250:Kungarakany
3172:Gunwinyguan
3158:Warndarrang
2958:Barranbinja
2894:Pitta Pitta
2757:Mayi-Kutuna
2721:Kalkatungic
2606:Nyangumarta
2578:Yinhawangka
2388:Ngadjunmaya
2302:Yitha-Yitha
2232:Wemba Wemba
2217:Madhi-Madhi
2212:Ledji-Ledji
2083:Gunaikurnai
1974:Kumbainggar
1735:Mbara-Yanga
1704:Ikarranggal
1552:Wik-Ngathan
1547:Wik-Mungkan
1532:Kugu-Muminh
1317:, 2 volumes
1282:1885/132709
1216:19 February
1166:19 February
840:Diphthongs
698:Approximant
312:Blyth River
308:Arafura Sea
300:Arnhem Land
111:Gunwinyguan
5586:Categories
5379:Daly River
5310:(Nuenonne)
5297:Oyster Bay
5262:Pyemmairre
5123:Nimanburru
5088:Nyulnyulan
5067:(Northern)
5047:Gooniyandi
4786:Bugurnidja
4769:Umbugarlic
4672:Manangkari
4544:Nunggubuyu
4529:Rembarrnga
4514:(Ngalkbun)
4507:Kunbarlang
4450:Mangarrayi
4433:Warndarang
4389:Maningrida
3935:Thura–Yura
3872:Kalkatungu
3525:Waka–Kabic
3478:Wiradhuric
3450:Yuin–Kuric
3433:Bungandidj
3224:Nunggubuyu
3214:Rembarrnga
3204:Kunbarlang
3148:Mangarrayi
3104:Maningrida
2913:Bundhamara
2899:Wanggamala
2883:Yarluyandi
2752:Mayi-Kulan
2729:Kalkatungu
2706:Warluwarra
2685:Warluwaric
2563:Nyiyaparli
2317:Thura-Yura
2255:Bungandidj
2227:Wathaurong
2109:Bandjalang
2030:Darkinjung
2017:Yuin–Kuric
1997:Gamilaraay
1989:Wiradhuric
1890:Waka–Kabic
1786:Umbindhamu
1652:Yir-Yoront
1636:Ogh-Undjan
1578:Morrobolam
1458:Anguthimri
1453:Andjingith
1312:1885/53188
1255:Evans 2003
1243:Evans 2003
1231:Evans 2003
1207:"Language"
1191:21 January
1182:"Language"
1143:Evans 2003
1015:References
987:Morphology
400:Peripheral
372:Kundjeyhmi
358:Gunbalanya
261:Gundjeihmi
259:(formerly
257:Kundjeyhmi
247:(formerly
158:Kundjeyhmi
115:Gunwinggic
5563:Cherbourg
5510:English (
5401:Kowanyama
5194:Tasmanian
5079:(Western)
5073:(Eastern)
5071:Ngarinyin
5057:Worrorran
5019:Miriwoong
4969:Jaminjung
4776:Umbugarla
4755:Limilngan
4565:Yangmanic
4534:Ngalakgan
4407:Ndjébbana
4402:Gurr-goni
4368:Gunindiri
4337:Mingginda
4326:Kayardild
4263:Yinggarda
4217:Warumungu
4121:Gupapuyŋu
4093:Ritharrŋu
4055:Paakantyi
3879:Yalarnnga
3802:Warrgamay
3786:Dyirbalic
3758:Dharumbal
3704:Southern
3680:Northern
3618:Umbuygamu
3612:Lamalamic
3510:Durubalic
3456:Dhanggati
3422:Gippsland
3417:Yotayotic
3391:subgroups
3381:languages
3379:Tasmanian
3320:Gunindiri
3282:Kayardild
3209:Ngalakgan
3194:Kunwinjku
3122:Gurr-goni
3117:Ndjébbana
3034:Ritharrŋu
2938:Baagandji
2734:Yalarnnga
2675:Warumungu
2667:Warumungu
2596:Karajarri
2510:Mantharta
2487:Yinggarda
2416:Natingero
2411:Kalaamaya
2330:Barngarla
2292:Ngayawung
2222:Wadi-Wadi
2186:Kolakngat
2157:Yotayotic
2078:Dhudhuroa
2070:Gippsland
2050:Ngunnawal
2040:Dhanggati
2007:Wiradjuri
2002:Ngiyambaa
1933:Durubalic
1908:Gabi-Gabi
1898:Barunggam
1842:Warrgamay
1824:Dyirbalic
1745:Walangama
1627:Kok Thawa
1622:Koko-Bera
1614:Southwest
1566:Lamalamic
1557:Wik-Ompom
1542:Wik-Me'nh
1502:Northeast
1483:Ndrangith
1082:1 October
442:Retroflex
378:Phonology
316:Katherine
249:Gunwinggu
245:Kunwinjku
194:Glottolog
178:ISO 639-3
138:Kunwinjku
78:Kunwinjku
70:Ethnicity
54:Australia
45:Gunwinggu
5518:Alyawarr
5437:Napranum
5230:Northern
5179:Giimbiyu
5172:isolates
5159:Ngumbarl
5103:Nyulnyul
5077:Worrorra
5065:Wunambal
5006:Jarrakan
4845:Tyerraty
4781:Ngurmbur
4681:Southern
4619:Iwaidjan
4605:Gaagudju
4578:Wardaman
4485:Uwinymil
4476:(Djauan)
4339:(Minkin)
4245:Ngayarda
4241:Pilbara
4172:Southern
4018:Eastern
3999:Central
3987:Western
3927:Kaytetye
3920:Arrernte
3809:Nyawaygi
3753: ?
3692:Eastern
3685:Warrongo
3653:Mbabaram
3600:Umpilaic
3538:Northern
3491:Muruwari
3255:Wardaman
3245:Gaagudju
3184:Uwinymil
2953:Muruwari
2841:Kaytetye
2836:Arrernte
2629:Northern
2568:Panyjima
2520:Ngayarta
2467:Badimaya
2355:Ngadjuri
2345:Narungga
2202:Bunurong
2170:Yotayota
2142:Southern
2055:Tharawal
2025:Awabakal
1923:Wuliwuli
1918:Wakawaka
1880:Warrongo
1837:Nyawaygi
1776:Kok Narr
1761:Djabugay
1740:Mbabaram
1723:Southern
1647:Kuuk Yak
1587:Yalanjic
1573:Lamalama
1527:Ayabadhu
1468:Awngthim
437:Alveolar
422:Bilabial
351:AUSTLANG
253:Kuninjku
201:gunw1252
143:Kuninjku
132:Dialects
5520:English
5452:Pidgins
5413:creoles
5366:Barunga
5359:Ngukurr
5341:Creoles
5289:Eastern
5205:Western
5154:Nyigina
5034:Bunuban
4992:Wambaya
4987:Ngarnka
4979:Ngurlun
4964:Nungali
4946:Jingulu
4728: ?
4711:Wurrugu
4704: ?
4688:Amurdag
4634:Iwaidja
4601: ?
4583:Wagiman
4569:Wagiman
4546:(Wubuy)
4522:Eastern
4512:Dalabon
4494:Central
4467:Western
4452: ?
4446: ?
4440: ?
4412:Nakkara
4397:Burarra
4381: ?
4348:Garrwan
4331:Yukulta
4308:Tangkic
4272:Mirning
4266: ?
4220: ?
4206:Ngumpin
4196:Marrngu
4166:Yanyuwa
4069:Western
4033: ?
3941:Wirangu
3914:Arandic
3900:Central
3817: ?
3795:Dyirbal
3777: ?
3769: ?
3761: ?
3751:Kingkel
3728: ?
3467: ?
3459: ?
3307:Garrwan
3274:Tangkic
3260:Wagiman
3199:Dalabon
3127:Nakkara
3112:Burarra
2879:Ngamini
2874:Mithaka
2864:Arabana
2828:Arandic
2785:Central
2711:Yanyuwa
2697:Bularnu
2657:Ngumbin
2652:Ngarrga
2601:Mangala
2588:Marrngu
2553:Nhuwala
2533:Kurrama
2528:Jurruru
2505:Kanyara
2482:Wajarri
2472:Malgana
2444:Western
2421:Nyungar
2406:Galaagu
2398:Nyungic
2383:Mirning
2375:Mirniny
2365:Wirangu
2297:Yaralde
2287:Keramin
2180:Kulinic
2045:Ngarigo
1956:Turrbal
1951:Nunukul
1875:Kingkel
1865:Bidjara
1847:Wulguru
1832:Dyirbal
1809:Eastern
1730:Agwamin
1714:Thaypan
1709:Takalak
1694:Angkula
1689:Alungul
1682:Thaypan
1673:Kuthant
1668:Kurtjar
1537:Pakanha
1478:Mbiywom
1473:Luthigh
1351:AIATSIS
963:Grammar
748:Central
636:Lateral
415:Glottal
405:Laminal
209:AIATSIS
5557:Woorie
5545:Yarrie
5528:Others
5439:Creole
5433:Creole
5403:Creole
5397:Creole
5279:Norman
5149:Warrwa
5144:Dyugun
5139:Yawuru
5042:Bunuba
4956:Yirram
4938:Mirndi
4716:Marrgu
4539:Ngandi
4474:Jawoyn
4421:Marran
4362:Waanyi
4356:Garawa
4316:Lardil
4277:Nyunga
4176:Ngarru
4137:Djinba
4130:Djinaŋ
4004:Diyari
3968:Karnic
3948:Kaurna
3849:Yidiny
3766:Bayali
3725:Bindal
3582:Uradhi
3325:Waanyi
3315:Garrwa
3292:Minkin
3287:Lardil
3219:Ngandi
3179:Jawoyn
3060:Bindal
3029:Djinaŋ
3024:Djinba
3014:Dhuwal
2987:Other
2965:Yardli
2869:Diyari
2856:Karnic
2813:Wanman
2808:Ngardi
2762:Ngawun
2693:Wagaya
2558:Nyamal
2543:Ngarla
2477:Nhanda
2360:Nukunu
2340:Kuyani
2335:Kaurna
2119:Yidiny
2104:Anewan
2035:Dharug
1979:Yaygir
1946:Janday
1903:Dappil
1771:Gugadj
1661:Norman
1632:Kunjen
1509:Umpila
1493:Uradhi
1488:Ngkoth
1342:Kunwok
999:Syntax
665:Rhotic
518:Fortis
410:Apical
365:Jawoyn
296:Bininj
269:Mayali
239:is an
153:Mayali
106:Arnhem
74:Bininj
60:Region
5547:Lingo
5381:Kriol
5108:Bardi
4760:Wulna
4667:Maung
4649:Ilgar
4644:Garig
4480:Waray
4444:Alawa
4438:Yugul
4428:Marra
4320:Damin
4179:Thawa
4100:Nhaŋu
4077:Yolŋu
4048:Yarli
3743:Yanda
3673:Maric
3568:Paman
3427:Kulin
3238:Other
3189:Waray
3163:Yugul
3153:Marra
3143:Alawa
3048:Other
3039:Nhaŋu
3019:Djaŋu
3009:Dhaŋu
3001:Yolŋu
2931:Other
2889:Ngura
2459:Kartu
2247:Drual
2194:Kulin
2097:Other
2060:Wormi
1941:Guwar
1857:Maric
1754:Other
1441:North
1349:, at
855:High
850:Back
847:Front
743:Front
577:Nasal
454:Lenis
427:Velar
80:etc.)
5565:Talk
5559:Talk
5553:Talk
5551:Palm
5184:Tiwi
5113:Jawi
5014:Kija
4901:Kamu
4226:Wati
4211:Yapa
3887:Mayi
3859:Gulf
3736:Guwa
3697:Biri
3377:and
2800:Wati
2744:Mayi
2350:Nauo
2307:Yuyu
1870:Biri
1218:2020
1193:2022
1168:2020
1130:2022
1105:2022
1084:2015
1049:N186
1036:2022
955:and
913:Low
876:Mid
760:High
753:Back
449:Stop
336:Kune
290:The
283:and
277:Kune
215:N186
148:Kune
3588:Wik
1519:Wik
1307:hdl
1277:hdl
981:yih
957:/o/
953:/e/
949:/a/
945:/u/
941:/i/
925:a͡u
917:a͡i
904:ou̯
896:eu̯
888:o͡i
880:ei̯
867:i̯u
859:ui̯
818:Low
789:Mid
271:),
263:),
251:),
224:ELP
185:gup
5588::
1377:.
1365:.
1209:.
1184:.
1158:.
1121:.
1074:.
1059:^
947:,
943:,
564:ʈː
554:tː
544:cː
534:kː
524:pː
374:.
255:,
5514:)
5388:)
5375:)
5368:)
5361:)
4571:?
4567:–
4322:)
3367:e
3360:t
3353:v
1409:e
1402:t
1395:v
1315:.
1309::
1285:.
1279::
1220:.
1195:.
1170:.
1145:.
1132:.
1107:.
1086:.
1038:.
979:-
826:ä
807:o
795:e
778:u
766:i
714:j
704:w
685:ɻ
675:r
653:ɭ
645:l
623:ɳ
613:n
603:ɲ
593:ŋ
583:m
510:ʔ
500:ʈ
490:t
480:c
470:k
460:p
267:(
76:(
20:)
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