405:
181:
468:
in the swamps of the
Manggabor Creek, the Maggot Dreaming at Yirolk, where a rock, girdled by water lilies, rises out of a waterhole and the Barramundi Dreaming around Marrkolidjban. The former two are likened to the Rainbow serpent, connoting, by battening on flesh, themes of decay and rebirth The
617:, and frightened the local birdlife, which flew off screaming, thereby alerting the next tribe to his presence. They examined the sleeping hulk of the creature, who did not reply to their queries, but they knew it must be Numereji. One elder finally said:
436:
Legend has it coming from the north, full of spirit-children, and settling at a point called
Coopers Creek on the East Alligator River, she transformed her children into men, creating waterholes to cater to their thirst, supplying men with spears and
1262:
Johnston, Iain G.; Goldhahn, Joakim; May, Sally K. (2017). "6. Dynamic
Figures of Mirarr Country: Chaloupka's four-phase theory and the question of variability within a rock art style". In David, Bruno; Taçon, Paul S.C.; et al. (eds.).
133:, and the impact of their presence is evidenced by the retention in some Bininj Kunwok dialects of a few dozen foreign loan words from the language of these traders. They were depicted by local artists in the
621:(It's Urawulla men whom you have eaten', at which the rainbow serpent vomited the bones of his victims, which can be seen to this day, in the form of stones. At this Numereji went underground at
1588:
613:, who hid up a tree and managed to avoid being swallowed until smacking at mosquitoes, she gave her position away. He moved off sated, crossed the East Alligator River, at
655:
1581:
310:
running just south of Tor Rock. Their northern extension approached Sandy Creek, while they were also present south-east at the head of Cooper's Creek and part of the
318:'s scheme, the Kunwinjku were allotted a tribal territory of around 2,800 square miles (7,300 km) in the area south of Jungle Creek and on the headwaters of the
449:, while endowing both with intelligence and their senses. She swallows those who infringe her laws, and drowns children who cry, since she is disturbed by noise.
2631:
2573:
1574:
369:, which serves as their centre for services. Many live in some 15 outstations, such as Kumurrulu at Manggabor Creek above the Liverpool River floodplain.
766:
46:. The sub-groups of Bininj are sometimes referred to by the various language dialects spoken in the region, that is, the group of dialects known as
2608:
1171:
2601:
141:
who reached the
Kuninjku territory on the Liverpool river. The Liverpool area was surveyed by David Lindsay on behalf of the government in 1884.
609:("there is a child crying, where is the child crying?") He slithered up, and sucked in the child, and then the natives, save for an old woman,
2566:
376:
NOTE: Three languages are spoken among the Mirrar or Mirarr clan group, apart from
English. The majority speak Kundjeyhmi, while others speak
1493:
1374:
Taçon, Paul S. C.; May, Sally K.; et al. (30 September 2020). "Maliwawa figures—a previously undescribed Arnhem L and rock art style".
432:
visited the area and was a guest at Cahill's homestead at
Oenpelli, he picked up one version which spoke of the same figure as being called
137:
still conserved in a variety of sites around the Mann River. The first recorded
European penetration of these territories was undertaken by
456:
surges from the earth to devour some ancestral species, it does so because a taboo has been violated, and the act sanctifies the site.
2580:
223:
A large part of Kakadu
National Park, including areas where Bininj Kunwok is spoken, was returned to Aboriginal ownership in 2022.
340:
between the East and South
Alligator rivers. They formed the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation, to represent the interests of the
2594:
404:
416:
Like the
Aboriginal peoples generally of the Western Arnhem, land, the Bininj believed in the primordial creative function of a
2587:
1509:
1479:
1452:
1425:
1349:
1324:
1252:
1227:
1179:
1264:
1278:
774:
424:
which has lineaments more suggestive of the feminine than masculine. It came to Australia from the sea northeast of the
164:
is human being, Aboriginal vs non-Aboriginal person, and also "man" in opposition to "woman". "Bininj" is a word in the
509:
197:
1240:
Culture, Interaction and Person Reference in an Australian Language: An ethnography of Bininj Gunwok communication
129:
for centuries before the arrival of white civilization. They sailed down to exchange a variety of their goods for
351:
The Mayali lived further south across the South Alligator River, with the Katherine River on their eastern flank.
344:
of the land, the Mirrar, as well as other Bininj peoples of Kakadu. One of the biggest issues in recent times is
311:
209:
126:
1471:
1444:
366:
327:
243:
239:
217:
134:
563:
by the Gaagudju and Iwaidja peoples, while among the Gundjeibmi the ancestral woman turned rainbow serpent is
1498:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
201:
91:
clan group, who are prominent in matters relating to looking after the traditional lands. The majority speak
1963:
255:
2208:
337:
17:
1244:
1219:
1161:
660:
267:
138:
122:
1337:
My Country, Mine Country: Indigenous People, Mining and Development Contestation in Remote Australia
348:, and the transition of the area once the last mining lease ends and all operations cease in 2021.
1515:
481:
from its underground sanctuary into the sky, marked by the rainbow. Increase ceremonies like the
438:
473:) of the Kuninjku are themselves derived from the water spirits at such sites. The rejuvenating
409:
1597:
1566:
1359:
429:
107:
1463:
1335:
1211:
258:
districts. The classification, encompassing the mutually intelligible languages, respectively
148:, referring to a particular series of works in Mirrar country, was described by art historian
1436:
1409:
1308:
1238:
1165:
949:
35:
827:
2033:
1417:
1367:
1304:
275:
235:
189:
111:
8:
1662:
767:"Nearly half of Kakadu National Park to be handed back to Aboriginal traditional owners"
354:
The Kundedjnjenghmi moved around the Upper Liverpool and Mann rivers to the east of the
2103:
1601:
1149:
1145:
341:
92:
43:
2285:
2215:
1977:
1505:
1475:
1448:
1421:
1391:
1345:
1320:
1316:
1274:
1248:
1223:
1175:
1132:
425:
377:
96:
2152:
2117:
2019:
1991:
1900:
1401:
1383:
1141:
1127:
1103:
727:
711:
514:
393:
319:
303:
299:
213:
149:
52:
1387:
204:
region to the south. The traditional lands of the Bininj were located west of the
2433:
2419:
2005:
1956:
1907:
1879:
1676:
656:"Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia"
499:
417:
323:
251:
205:
145:
118:
2503:
2405:
2314:
2159:
1942:
1914:
1809:
1753:
1732:
1489:
1212:"Personal names, proper names and circumspection in Bininj Kunwok conversation"
345:
315:
247:
1410:"Identifying Ancient Sacred Landscapes in Australia: Frtom Physical to Social"
2625:
2391:
2194:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2145:
2131:
1872:
1816:
1531:
1395:
1123:
1099:
446:
389:
231:
47:
2531:
2517:
2454:
2257:
2124:
2089:
2082:
2061:
1949:
1851:
1760:
1655:
1627:
1620:
307:
2496:
388:
The Kunwinjku social system was analysed in detail in a 1970 monograph by
2538:
2440:
2398:
2349:
2271:
2096:
1893:
1746:
1119:
302:'s original heartland is said to have been in the hilly terrain south of
193:
39:
1153:
2468:
2342:
2335:
2321:
2187:
2068:
2054:
1928:
1837:
1802:
1718:
1669:
1648:
699:
130:
27:
An Aboriginal Australian people of West Arnhem Land, northern Australia
974:
2461:
2447:
2426:
2412:
2377:
2236:
2201:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1984:
1865:
1858:
1830:
1781:
1704:
1697:
1634:
1501:
1341:
1288:
1270:
1167:
Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune
1111:
837:
442:
152:
and is often referred to when writing about rock art in Arnhem Land.
858:
372:
The Kune lived east of the Kuninjku, living around the Cadell River.
336:
The Kundjeyhmi, specifically the Mirrar or Mirarr clan, live around
260:
Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Kundjeyhmi, Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi
2510:
2475:
2328:
2299:
2264:
2138:
2075:
1844:
1711:
527:
482:
1788:
365:
The Kuninjku lived north of the Kundedjnjenghmi and south-west of
234:
refers to six closely related languages and dialects, spoken from
2545:
2489:
2482:
2384:
2307:
2278:
2243:
2229:
2110:
2047:
2040:
1886:
1795:
1774:
1739:
1690:
1613:
1464:"Categories of 'Old' and 'New' in West Arnhem Land Bark Painting"
737:
721:
474:
1596:
882:
180:
2524:
2370:
2363:
2250:
2222:
1970:
1935:
1823:
1767:
1683:
1641:
1555:
601:
Numereji emerged at Kumbulmorma, and devoured a large tribe at
289:, which is specific to each particular clan, must be employed.
1108:
Man, Land and Myth in Northern Australia: The Gunwinggu people
687:
2356:
2292:
1921:
1266:
The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia
592:, p. 78 n.31 identifies Numereji as identical to Ngalyod
485:
and yabbadurruwa rites are performed in order to incite the
906:
1190:
1028:
1437:"Connections of Spirit: Kuninjku Attachments to Country"
1373:
992:
930:
705:
547:
According to Taçon, the Rainbow Snake/Woman is known as
292:
1412:. In Preucel, Robert W.; Mrozowski, Stephen A. (eds.).
1040:
1016:
894:
848:
846:
815:
1414:
Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism
870:
1468:
Long History, Deep Time: Deepening Histories of Place
1076:
793:
791:
748:
746:
1364:
Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia
1064:
1052:
918:
843:
168:
language, often referred to by its dominant dialect
1261:
1130:(June 1951). "Social Organization of Arnhem Land".
1004:
693:
788:
743:
675:
1118:
888:
864:
803:
184:The lands of the Bininj in the Northern Territory
2623:
1172:ANU Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies
580:Ngalyod is often said to be the son of Yingarna.
1530:
1311:. In Buchler, Ira R.; Maddock, Kenneth (eds.).
912:
285:spirits (see below) a special language called
1582:
1291:. The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation. 2020
1216:Discourse and Grammar in Australian Languages
2632:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
1098:
998:
1466:. In McGrath, Ann; Jebb, Mary Anne (eds.).
1287:
900:
758:
605:, after hearing a baby crying. Calling out
489:to stir the onset of the fertilizing rains.
460:For the Kuninjku important dreaming sites (
1589:
1575:
408:Rainbow serpent by John Mawurndjul, 1991.
1562:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre.
1309:"The Rainbow- Serpent Myths of Australia"
1303:
1214:. In Mushin, Ilana; Baker, Brett (eds.).
1034:
1022:
589:
326:near Junction Bay and the creeks east of
1333:
1197:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
821:
403:
274:, a loan-word from Macassan traders, in
179:
1534:. The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation
1488:
1358:
876:
626:
14:
2624:
1461:
1434:
1313:The Rainbow Serpent: A Chromatic Piece
1082:
1070:
1058:
1046:
936:
924:
852:
764:
653:
530:, a hollow log coffin or memorial pole
254:and its tributary the Mann River, and
1570:
1407:
1236:
1209:
1160:
1010:
979:The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation
809:
797:
752:
681:
568:
293:Social groupings according to dialect
212:and Cooper Rivers, south towards the
83:Three languages are spoken among the
1502:Australian National University Press
1342:Australian National University Press
775:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
24:
1548:
1146:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1951.tb00176.x
607:Waji bialilla, yana. waji bialilla
25:
2643:
1441:Country, Native Title and Ecology
1191:"Bininj Kunwok Online Dictionary"
694:Johnston, Goldhahn & May 2017
493:
50:; so the people may be named the
1188:
833:
733:
717:
383:
975:"Mirarr Aboriginal Corporation"
967:
942:
889:Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951
865:Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951
595:
583:
574:
541:
333:also formed part of their land.
1472:Australian National University
1445:Australian National University
765:Gibson, Jano (24 March 2022).
647:
270:. Their word for Europeans is
135:Indigenous Australian rock art
13:
1:
1439:. In Weir, Jessica K. (ed.).
1388:10.1080/03122417.2020.1818361
950:"Mirarr - Indigenous Peoples"
654:Wright, Tony (19 July 2017).
636:
452:In Dreaming narratives, when
380:and others another language.
188:Their territory extends from
127:in contact for trade purposes
114:area for about 65,000 years.
99:and others another language.
641:
534:
510:Bardayal 'Lofty' Nadjamerrek
506:artist of international fame
477:are caused by the flight of
464:) are the Leech Dreaming at
420:, which is generally called
399:
306:and their frontier with the
7:
1556:"Kured [home page]"
1334:Scambary, Benedict (2013).
521:
226:
10:
2648:
1091:
175:
102:
2555:
1608:
1408:Taçon, Paul S.C. (2011).
1245:John Benjamins Publishing
1220:John Benjamins Publishing
661:The Sydney Morning Herald
999:Berndt & Berndt 1970
1490:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1269:. Terra Australis, 47.
1104:Berndt, Catherine Helen
278:it meant "Hollanders".
262:, and two varieties of
250:, and eastwards to the
160:The literal meaning of
155:
1376:Australian Archaeology
1237:Garde, Murray (2013).
1210:Garde, Murray (2008).
413:
185:
144:Rock art known as the
2561:By state or territory
1462:Taylor, Luke (2015).
1435:Taylor, Luke (2012).
1418:John Wiley & Sons
1100:Berndt, Ronald Murray
407:
218:Gunbalanya (Oenpelli)
200:to the east, and the
183:
95:, while others speak
36:Aboriginal Australian
2034:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1474:. pp. 101–118.
1222:. pp. 203–233.
954:Intercontinental Cry
629:, pp. 290–291).
619:Urawulla jereini jau
410:Musée du quai Branly
320:East Alligator River
236:Kakadu National Park
214:East Alligator River
190:Kakadu National Park
1518:on 29 December 2019
913:GAC: Uranium mining
867:, pp. 253–254.
475:monsoonal downpours
216:, and extending to
208:, north around the
40:Western Arnhem land
2574:Northern Territory
1602:Northern Territory
1447:. pp. 21–47.
1420:. pp. 77–91.
1319:. pp. 23–97.
1305:Mountford, Charles
939:, pp. 23, 25.
561:Warraamurrungundji
517:, Kunwinjku artist
414:
342:traditional owners
196:to the north, the
186:
110:have occupied the
108:Aboriginal peoples
70:Manyallaluk Mayali
44:Northern Territory
2619:
2618:
2609:Western Australia
1511:978-0-708-10741-6
1481:978-1-925-02253-7
1454:978-1-921-86256-4
1427:978-1-444-35851-3
1368:Macmillan and Co.
1351:978-1-922-14473-7
1326:978-3-110-80716-5
1317:Walter de Gruyter
1254:978-9-027-27124-2
1229:978-9-027-29034-2
1181:978-0-858-83530-6
1049:, pp. 26–27.
1037:, pp. 78–79.
706:Taçon et al. 2020
555:, a woman called
441:, and women with
426:Cobourg Peninsula
192:to the west, the
16:(Redirected from
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2343:Ritharngu/Diakui
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2050:
2043:
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2029:
2022:
2020:Makarrwanhalmirr
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
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1568:
1567:
1563:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1532:"Uranium Mining"
1527:
1525:
1523:
1514:. Archived from
1494:"Gunwinggu (NT)"
1485:
1458:
1431:
1402:Maliwawa Figures
1399:
1370:
1360:Spencer, Baldwin
1355:
1330:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1284:
1258:
1233:
1206:
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901:GAC: Mirarr 2020
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783:
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756:
750:
741:
731:
725:
715:
709:
708:, pp. 1–18.
703:
697:
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685:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
651:
630:
599:
593:
587:
581:
578:
572:
545:
515:Bobby Nganjmirra
394:Catherine Berndt
238:, southwards to
150:George Chaloupka
21:
2647:
2646:
2642:
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2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
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2600:
2593:
2588:South Australia
2586:
2579:
2572:
2567:New South Wales
2565:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2497:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
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1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1600:peoples in the
1595:
1554:
1551:
1549:Further reading
1546:
1537:
1535:
1521:
1519:
1512:
1482:
1455:
1428:
1352:
1327:
1294:
1292:
1281:
1280:978-176046162-1
1255:
1230:
1200:
1198:
1189:Garde, Murray.
1182:
1162:Evans, Nicholas
1094:
1089:
1081:
1077:
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844:
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828:
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688:
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666:
664:
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600:
596:
588:
584:
579:
575:
546:
542:
537:
524:
500:John Mawurndjul
496:
430:Baldwin Spencer
418:Rainbow serpent
402:
386:
304:Goulburn Island
295:
252:Liverpool River
229:
206:Goomadeer River
178:
158:
146:Dynamic Figures
105:
74:Kundedjnjenghmi
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
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2563:
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2549:
2542:
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2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
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2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
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2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2315:Pitjantjatjara
2311:
2304:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2160:Murngin=Yolgnu
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1528:
1510:
1486:
1480:
1459:
1453:
1432:
1426:
1405:
1382:(3): 208–225.
1371:
1356:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1301:
1285:
1279:
1259:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1207:
1186:
1180:
1158:
1140:(4): 253–301.
1116:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1085:, p. 108.
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1035:Mountford 1978
1027:
1023:Mountford 1978
1015:
1003:
991:
966:
941:
929:
917:
905:
893:
891:, p. 254.
881:
879:, p. 226.
869:
857:
842:
826:
824:, p. 110.
814:
802:
787:
757:
742:
726:
710:
698:
686:
674:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
632:
631:
594:
590:Mountford 1978
582:
573:
571:, p. 84).
539:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
523:
520:
519:
518:
512:
507:
495:
494:Notable people
492:
491:
490:
466:Yibalaydjyigod
447:digging sticks
401:
398:
385:
382:
374:
373:
370:
363:
352:
349:
346:uranium mining
334:
324:Gumader swamps
316:Norman Tindale
294:
291:
281:In addressing
276:whose language
268:Nicholas Evans
266:, was made by
248:Arnhem Plateau
228:
225:
177:
174:
157:
154:
139:Francis Cadell
104:
101:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2644:
2633:
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2627:
2610:
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2255:
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2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:Ngaanyatjarra
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:Nanggikorongo
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:Murrinh-Patha
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:Mulluk-Mulluk
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:Menhdheyangal
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:Garrwa/Karawa
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
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1797:
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1758:
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1744:
1741:
1737:
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1730:
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1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
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1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1561:
1560:Bininj Kunwok
1557:
1553:
1552:
1533:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:Berndt, C. H.
1125:
1124:Berndt, R. M.
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1073:, p. 29.
1072:
1067:
1061:, p. 27.
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1031:
1025:, p. 78.
1024:
1019:
1013:, p. 84.
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
980:
976:
970:
955:
951:
945:
938:
933:
927:, p. 22.
926:
921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
855:, p. 28.
854:
849:
847:
839:
835:
830:
823:
822:Scambary 2013
818:
811:
806:
800:, p. 14.
799:
794:
792:
776:
772:
768:
761:
755:, p. 15.
754:
749:
747:
739:
735:
730:
723:
719:
714:
707:
702:
695:
690:
684:, p. 18.
683:
678:
663:
662:
657:
650:
646:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
591:
586:
577:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
544:
540:
529:
526:
525:
516:
513:
511:
508:
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501:
498:
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484:
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476:
472:
467:
463:
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450:
448:
444:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
406:
397:
395:
391:
390:Ronald Berndt
384:Social system
381:
379:
371:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
331:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:
290:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:, across the
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Bininj Kunwok
224:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
173:
171:
167:
163:
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:
49:
48:Bininj Kunwok
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2518:Yindjilandji
2258:Ngolokwangga
2062:Marimanindji
1950:Karrangpurru
1725:
1663:Anindilyakwa
1656:Andakerebina
1559:
1536:. Retrieved
1520:. Retrieved
1516:the original
1497:
1467:
1440:
1413:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1336:
1312:
1293:. Retrieved
1265:
1239:
1215:
1199:. Retrieved
1194:
1166:
1137:
1131:
1120:Elkin, A. P.
1107:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:. Retrieved
953:
944:
932:
920:
908:
896:
884:
877:Tindale 1974
872:
860:
829:
817:
805:
778:. Retrieved
770:
760:
729:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:. Retrieved
659:
649:
627:Spencer 1914
623:Mungeruauera
622:
618:
614:
611:Kominiyamana
610:
606:
602:
597:
585:
576:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
503:
486:
478:
470:
465:
461:
453:
451:
433:
421:
415:
387:
375:
359:
355:
329:
286:
282:
280:
271:
263:
259:
256:Cadell river
230:
222:
187:
169:
165:
161:
159:
143:
116:
106:
88:
84:
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
51:
31:
29:
2272:Norweilemil
2104:Marrithiyal
2097:Marranunggu
1894:Gungorogone
1538:18 February
1400:(About the
1295:18 February
1083:Taylor 2015
1071:Taylor 2012
1059:Taylor 2012
1047:Taylor 2012
937:Taylor 2012
925:Taylor 2012
853:Taylor 2012
557:Imberombera
553:Kunwinnnjku
330:Awunbelenja
244:Manyallaluk
198:Blyth River
194:Arafura Sea
2581:Queensland
2469:Wongkamala
2441:Warndarang
2336:Rembarrnga
2322:Pongaponga
2286:Nunggubuyu
2216:Ngaliwurru
2188:Nangiomeri
2069:Marinunggo
2055:Maridjabin
1978:Kungarakan
1929:Jamindjung
1838:Emmiyangal
1803:Djerimanga
1719:Bingongina
1670:Anmatyerre
1598:Aboriginal
1522:23 January
1195:njamed.com
1011:Taçon 2011
984:24 October
959:24 October
838:kundangwok
810:Evans 2003
798:Garde 2013
753:Garde 2013
682:Garde 2013
637:References
569:Taçon 2011
443:dilly bags
367:Maningrida
360:Kundjeyhmi
312:King River
287:kundangwok
240:Pine Creek
93:Kundjeyhmi
66:Gundjeihmi
62:Kundjeyhmi
38:people of
18:Gundjeihmi
2462:Wilingura
2448:Warumungu
2427:Warlmanpa
2378:Wadjiginy
2237:Ngarinman
2202:Ngalakgan
2153:Muringura
2118:Matuntara
2027:Mangarayi
2013:Madngella
1999:Kwarandji
1992:Kunwinjku
1985:Kunibidji
1901:Gunindiri
1866:Gambalang
1859:Gadjerong
1831:Doolboong
1782:Djalakuru
1705:Bilingara
1698:Beriguruk
1649:Amijangal
1635:Alyawarre
1396:0312-2417
1271:ANU Press
1112:Ure Smith
642:Citations
603:Yiringira
535:Footnotes
400:Mythology
356:Kunwinjku
328:Oenpelli/
300:Kunwinjku
202:Katherine
170:Kunwinjku
125:had been
119:Macassans
53:Kunwinjku
2626:Category
2602:Victoria
2595:Tasmania
2511:Yaroinga
2476:Wulwulam
2434:Warlpiri
2420:Wardaman
2413:Wandjira
2329:Puneitja
2300:Perrakee
2265:Ngormbur
2139:Mudburra
2076:Marijedi
2006:Larrakia
1957:Kaytetye
1908:Gurindji
1880:Giimbiyu
1845:Gaagudju
1712:Binbinga
1677:Arrernte
1492:(1974).
1362:(1914).
1307:(1978).
1289:"Mirarr"
1164:(2003).
1154:40328302
1106:(1970).
780:30 March
771:ABC News
549:Yingarna
528:Lorrkkon
522:See also
504:Kuninjku
483:Kunabibi
471:kunmalng
434:Numereji
378:Gaagudju
227:Language
123:Sulawesi
97:Gaagudju
80:groups.
58:Kuninjku
2546:Yunggor
2504:Yanyuwa
2490:Yangman
2483:Wurango
2406:Wambaya
2385:Wagoman
2308:Pintupi
2279:Nungali
2244:Ngarnka
2230:Ngardok
2111:Mati Ke
2048:Maridan
2041:Mariamo
1964:Kukatja
1943:Jingili
1915:Iwaidja
1887:Gudanji
1810:Djinang
1796:Djerait
1775:Dhuwala
1754:Dalabon
1740:Dagoman
1733:Burarra
1691:Awinmul
1614:Airiman
1133:Oceania
1092:Sources
667:28 July
615:Maipolk
565:Almudji
551:by the
479:Ngalyod
469:souls (
454:Ngalyod
439:woomera
422:Ngalyod
412:, Paris
272:balanda
176:Country
131:trepang
103:History
42:in the
34:are an
2525:Yolngu
2392:Wakaya
2371:Wadere
2364:Waanyi
2251:Ngarti
2223:Ngandi
2209:Ngalia
2174:Nagara
1971:Kunapa
1936:Jawoyn
1824:Djowei
1817:Djinba
1768:Dhuwal
1726:Bininj
1684:Awarai
1642:Amarak
1508:
1478:
1451:
1424:
1394:
1348:
1323:
1277:
1251:
1226:
1201:28 May
1178:
1152:
738:kunwok
722:bininj
338:Jabiru
322:. The
166:Kunwok
162:Bininj
112:Kadadu
89:Mirarr
85:Mirrar
32:Bininj
2532:Yukul
2455:Watta
2357:Tjial
2293:Oitbi
2125:Maung
2090:Marra
2083:Mariu
1922:Jaako
1852:Gaari
1789:Djaŋu
1761:Dangu
1628:Alura
1621:Alawa
1150:JSTOR
487:djang
462:djang
428:When
314:. In
308:Maung
283:djang
121:from
2539:Yumu
2399:Walu
2350:Tiwi
1747:Daii
1540:2020
1524:2020
1506:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1392:ISSN
1346:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1297:2020
1275:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1203:2019
1176:ISBN
986:2021
961:2021
834:BKOD
782:2022
734:BKOD
718:BKOD
669:2022
445:and
392:and
358:and
298:The
264:Kune
242:and
210:King
156:Name
117:The
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76:and
30:The
1384:doi
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559:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
