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294:"We setled down in our new camp at Pine Creek, since well known throughout Australia, first on account of its being a rich gold field, and years later as the inland terminus of our only railway on the north coast. This creek is by no means large, but was remarkable for pines growing there, thus the name of Pine Creek.".
348:
by the South
Australian government. In 1877, following the discovery of substantial alluvial gold deposits they began arriving in great numbers. In 1879 a Chinatown was established and the population reached its peak of 900 people. However, this mining boom was short-lived as, by 1882, only 80 miners
360:
who remained there for a short time. The population of the town in 1894 was 753 Chinese people and 39 'Europeans'. The
Chinese migrants, like Aboriginal people, suffered experiences of racism but the traffic of opium, the impact of intensive mining and unequal relationships with Aboriginal women (in
289:
Pine Creek is one of the oldest towns in the
Northern Territory and it is named for the pine trees that once grew by the creek in the centre of the town and although it was originally and officially called Playford, it was never known by this name and it was officially changed to Pine Creek on 20
1110:
In 1872 a newspaper reported that "A great many statements have been made about gold being found in holes of the telegraph post, and other unimaginable places. Such statements are incorrect, and given out by interested parties." The story of the pole holes as the source of the find perpetuates,
332:
who found gold while digging holes for the telegraph line and that the government did not wish to publicise the discovery as they did not want the 'distraction' of a gold rush, despite this, the discovery by Uhr is the more widely accepted version. News of this discovery spread quickly and, by
364:
There was a cycle of economic growth and decline at Pine Creek but, by 1915. approximately 75,000 ounces (over 2,000 kgs) of gold had been mined there. There is evidence of a thriving
Chinese community at Pine Creek until the late 1920s, during
1922:
304:
By 1875 there were two hotels, The Royal Mail and The
Standard, competing for business. A public school opened in the town in 1899. By the 1890s, up to 15 mines were operating in the area, and the town's population exceeded 3000 people.
399:. The mine ceased operations in January 2015, after a drop in the price of iron ore, leading to the departure of many local employees. In April 2020, it was announced that mining would resume in May 2020, after a 5-year hiatus.
410:. Over a ten-year period, it yielded 764,000 ounces (21,700 kg) of gold. Since closure, its main pit has been filled with water to prevent acid build-up. A lookout is located at the south-western end of Moule Street.
384:
was mined at
Frances Creek, about 25 kilometres north. During this time approximately 6 million tonnes of ore were extracted. In June 2007, Territory Resources (trading under the name Territory Iron) commenced mining
2363:
308:
The towns population fluctuated significantly in its early years and declined significantly in the interwar period; one of the few developments in this period was the establishment of the short lived
1721:
Pine Creek
Goldfields and the industrial heritage of Gold Mining at Pine Creek, Northern Territory : A study conducted on behalf of the National Trust of Australia (Northern Territory Branch)
1382:
2356:
485:
312:
between 1931 - 1933; it was briefly reopened in the early war years 1940 - 1941 as a place were children who were being transferred from government institutions to church missions.
2470:
2449:
2349:
2392:
2438:
508:
towns, Pine Creek was not bombed by the
Japanese during the war, although Japanese reconnaissance aircraft are reported to have overflown the town on at least one occasion.
2506:
2428:
1506:
1322:
426:
and Pine Creek, reaching the town in 1889. Additional sidings were added to the rail yards in 1914 in preparation for the extension of the line south to
Emungalan (
356:
to the area in 1889 when many of the
Chinese laborers who had been employed on its construction, approximately 3,000 in total, settled in Pine Creek; this included
82:
191:
179:
1892:
167:
2542:
1742:
278:
17:
49:
333:
January 1873, 23 mining claims had been taken up and resulted in the creation of the township. It was here that the Northern Territory's first
1923:"Oprah Winfrey, Barack Obama and the royal couple Kate and Will were easier to access than Top Gear stars on their Northern Territory visits"
263:
1755:
2046:
1866:
1948:
1975:
588:
361:
which many men did not claim their paternity of children) are methods that parallel with European impacts on Aboriginal people's lives.
564:
2537:
2189:
259:
2293:
2163:
2137:
1602:
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2215:
445:
The railway closed in 1976. The old Pine Creek railway station (1888) and some rolling stock remained and were preserved as the
1503:
1817:
1296:
600:
1756:
McCarthy, Justin; Kostoglou, Parry; National Trust of Australia (Northern Territory); J. McCarthy & Associates (1986),
1480:
524:
624:
1458:
452:
The North Australia Railway's standard-gauge successor, completed in 2004 between Alice Springs and Darwin – part of the
515:
were constructed, providing transport alternatives to the railway. Work on the road was completed in this area by 1944.
2480:
431:
321:
488:
as an emergency landing ground and to serve the military units based in the town. The 43rd Engineer Regiment, of the
453:
430:), which opened in 1917. An unsealed road was constructed in the 1930s, following the same route as the railway from
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1158:
1221:
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612:
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2407:
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1896:
449:; Commonwealth Railways steam locomotive NF5, built in 1877, was restored to operational condition in 2001.
427:
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216:
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1834:"Replenished: sources of meaning, sources of history in the Pine Creek area, Northern Territory, Australia"
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1980:
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1504:
Frances Creek, Ochre Hill (MLA24727) and Millers deposit proposed Iron Mine Cultural Heritage Study
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353:
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1870:
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136:
118:
1833:
1574:
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1323:""It took us 20 years, but we finally got it!" Native Title finally recognised in Pine Creek"
644:
Climate data for Pine Creek Council, elevation 206 m (676 ft), (2000–2011 normals)
438:, and passing through Pine Creek. Much of this poorly maintained road would later become the
236:
1628:
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2027:
1409:
1132:
493:
369:
which was, soon after, followed by the evacuation of the entire civilian population during
329:
196:
172:
1484:. Vol. XXII, no. 1314. Northern Territory, Australia. 3 February 1899. p. 4
8:
1785:
481:
457:
1434:
2028:
Commonwealth, Australian National and South Australian Railways Rollingstock, Version 6
1272:"2021 Pine Creek (NT), Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
1179:
497:
484:, initially a civilian airfield, was extended between May and July 1942 by the US Army
267:
220:
36:
2124:
1813:
1736:
374:
2100:"McDonald Airfield, Northern Territory - also known as Burkholder Field, during WW2"
2002:
1841:
1789:. Vol. VI, no. 261. Northern Territory, Australia. 6 June 1952. p. 1
1717:
1686:
1658:
1435:"Reminiscences of S.W. Herbert • Mixed material • State Library of South Australia"
1356:
2074:
2050:
1808:
Petrick, Jose; Petrick, Jose. Street names tell history of Alice Springs (1996),
1690:. Vol. VII, no. 358. Queensland, Australia. 14 December 1872. p. 6
1662:. Vol. VII, no. 358. Queensland, Australia. 14 December 1872. p. 6
1510:
477:
403:
389:
and gold there. In October 2014, the mine was used for filming an episode of the
309:
239:
there were 318 residents of Pine Creek, which is the fourth largest town between
2099:
1383:"Pine Creek residents devastated at news Frances Creek iron ore mine will close"
1949:"Iron ore exports set to resume from Northern Territory after five-year hiatus"
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439:
228:
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97:
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1895:(Press release). Territory Resources Limited. 19 June 2007. Archived from
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511:
It was also during the war years that sealed, all weather sections of the
1526:
1757:
1360:
1718:
Mitchell, Scott; Mitchell, Scott; Heritage Surveys, March 1996 (1996),
1355:. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory. 7 July 2005.
1111:
although no first-hand accounts have been uncovered to authenticate it.
1348:
299:
SW Herbert, Reminiscences of life in the Northern Territory: 1870-1873
345:
341:
224:
1976:"Pine Creek revival on cards as NT discovers two critical minerals"
461:
386:
381:
324:
in 1872 gold was discovered at the Eleanour Reef at Pine Creek by
2320:"Climate statistics for Australian locations: PINE CREEK COUNCIL"
505:
489:
357:
251:
1810:
The history of Alice Springs through landmarks and street names
1157:
380:
Mining began again, near the town, between 1967 and 1974 where
255:
1202:. Government of South Australia. 24 January 1889. p. 164
344:, began arriving in Pine Creek in 1874 and 176 of these were
480:
set up 65th Australian Camp Hospital near Pine Creek. The
281:, was recognised as the Northern Territorian of the year.
390:
402:
Also, in 1985, Pine Creek Goldfields Limited opened an
270:
of this area and, since 2019, they have held exclusive
2190:"North Australia Railway (NAR) remnants at Pine Creek"
1893:"Territory Resources commences production of iron ore"
406:
gold mine adjacent to the town, on the site of an old
208:
Location of Pine Creek in the Northern Territory (red)
464:; it passes 400 metres (440 yards) east of the town.
537:
North Australia Railway (NAR) remnants at Pine Creek
352:The boom restarted following the completion of the
418:The first stage of the lightly built narrow-gauge
1297:"Native Title over Pine Creek finally recognised"
1193:"Untitled proclamation re the "Town of Playford""
2529:
349:remained and by 1886 it was virtually inactive.
328:. There is an alternative story in which it was
2063:Commonwealth Railways - North Australia Railway
1759:Pine Creek heritage zone archaeological survey
1133:"Place Names Register Extract re "Pine Creek""
290:September 1973. Of the name SW Herbert wrote:
2357:
2164:"Pine Creek Post Office and Repeater Station"
1921:Palin, Megan; McCue, Fred (23 October 2010).
1869:. Territory Resources Limited. Archived from
277:In 2005 a prominent resident of Pine Creek,
1947:Brown, Carmen; Brann, Matt (8 April 2020).
1741:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1603:"Pine Creek Gold Rush | Monument Australia"
1125:
534:Pine Creek Post Office and Repeater Station
492:, with help from the 808th and, later, the
2364:
2350:
1973:
1946:
1920:
1797:– via National Library of Australia.
1698:– via National Library of Australia.
1670:– via National Library of Australia.
1492:– via National Library of Australia.
1178:
456:– is used by heavy freight trains and the
413:
320:Immediately after the construction of the
1724:, National Trust of Australia (NT Branch)
1090:Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology
25:Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
1831:
1528:Pine Creek and district : a history
1247:"BushTel – Remote Communities of the NT"
1185:
203:
1525:Donovan, P. F. (Peter Francis) (1979),
1524:
1200:The South Australian Government Gazette
1151:
523:The following places are listed on the
2543:Mining towns in the Northern Territory
2530:
2038:
2036:
1349:"Debates Day 3 - Thursday 7 July 2005"
594:Pine Creek Police Station in the 1920s
2345:
1955:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1597:
1595:
1520:
1518:
1380:
570:Telegraph Station, Pine Creek in 1879
2075:"Pine Creek Airfield, NT during WW2"
1481:Northern Territory Times and Gazette
525:Northern Territory Heritage Register
2312:
2033:
1974:Prestipino, David (10 March 2024).
1452:
13:
2372:Localities and communities of the
1825:
1702:
1633:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1629:"Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr (1845–1907)"
1592:
1515:
518:
56:
14:
2559:
2330:
1832:Bathgate, Jane (1 January 2004).
1626:
486:808th Engineer Aviation Battalion
623:
611:
606:Pine Creek Railway Station, 1930
599:
587:
575:
563:
340:Chinese miners, mostly from the
55:
48:
2538:Towns in the Northern Territory
2300:. Northern Territory Government
2286:
2274:. Northern Territory Government
2268:"Old Bonrook Station Homestead"
2260:
2248:. Northern Territory Government
2234:
2222:. Northern Territory Government
2208:
2196:. Northern Territory Government
2182:
2170:. Northern Territory Government
2156:
2144:. Northern Territory Government
2130:
2117:
2092:
2067:
2055:
2020:
1995:
1967:
1940:
1914:
1885:
1859:
1801:
1773:
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1674:
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1575:"Pine Creek Home (1940 - 1941)"
1567:
1550:"Pine Creek Home (1931 - 1933)"
1542:
1496:
1468:
1427:
1402:
1374:
1159:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1139:. Northern Territory Government
1104:
630:Tourist map of Pine Creek, 1992
467:
151:226 km (140 mi) from
1762:, J. McCarthy & Associates
1341:
1315:
1289:
1264:
1239:
1214:
337:was constructed in July 1873.
1:
2294:"Pine Creek Railway Precinct"
1381:Woods, David (10 July 2014).
1118:
973:Average rainfall mm (inches)
552:, including a railway museum.
546:Old Bonrook Station Homestead
454:Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor
227:and is situated just off the
157:90 km (56 mi) from
1812:(3rd ed.), J. Petrick,
496:also constructed the nearby
7:
1476:"Public School, Pine Creek"
833:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
763:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
550:Pine Creek Railway Precinct
447:Pine Creek Railway Precinct
10:
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1439:collections.slsa.sa.gov.au
1089:
643:
635:
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284:
15:
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2380:
2242:"Old Playford Club Hotel"
2216:"Old Pine Creek Butchery"
2061:Australian Steam website
1981:National Indigenous Times
1838:Charles Darwin University
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2127:Australia at War website
1607:monumentaustralia.org.au
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2337:Pine Creek Town Council
1867:"Frances Creek Project"
1414:NT Place Names Register
1388:Northern Territory News
1137:NT Place Names Register
582:Pine Creek School, 1912
543:Old Playford Club Hotel
540:Old Pine Creek Butchery
420:North Australia Railway
414:North Australia Railway
377:and production ceased.
354:North Australia Railway
322:Overland Telegraph Line
274:rights over this land.
231:; it is 90kms north of
215:is a small town in the
180:Territory electorate(s)
131:3 April 2007 (locality)
2049:1 October 2010 at the
1846:10.25913/5ea25faf5d003
1410:"Pine Creek (village)"
1167:2021 Census QuickStats
302:
209:
129:24 January 1889 (town)
1682:"Gold at Port Darwin"
1654:"Gold at Port Darwin"
1509:29 March 2012 at the
1463:Sydney Morning Herald
1226:northernterritory.com
500:(originally known as
330:Darwent & Dalwood
292:
207:
2548:Victoria Daly Region
2374:Victoria Daly Region
1902:on 29 September 2007
1873:on 30 September 2007
693:Record high °C (°F)
494:Allied Works Council
458:experiential tourism
367:The Great Depression
326:Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr
173:Victoria Daly Region
98:13.8235°S 131.8262°E
16:For other uses, see
2138:"Pine Creek Bakery"
2125:Pine Creek Airfield
2042:Litchfield Council
1786:Centralian Advocate
1781:"Ah Hong Passes On"
1465:, (8 February 2004)
1043:Average rainy days
903:Record low °C (°F)
482:Pine Creek Airfield
393:television program
192:Federal division(s)
94: /
1579:Find & Connect
1554:Find & Connect
502:Burkholder Field).
498:MacDonald Airfield
422:was built between
373:and following the
342:Kwangtung Province
268:traditional owners
221:Northern Territory
210:
103:-13.8235; 131.8262
37:Northern Territory
2525:
2524:
2298:Heritage Register
2272:Heritage Register
2246:Heritage Register
2220:Heritage Register
2194:Heritage Register
2168:Heritage Register
2142:Heritage Register
1819:978-0-646-30256-0
1353:Territory Stories
1251:bushtel.nt.gov.au
1094:
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531:Pine Creek Bakery
375:Bombing of Darwin
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1161:(28 June 2022).
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2322:. 8 April 2024.
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2423:Douglas-Daly
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
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2010:. Retrieved
2007:Aussie Towns
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1897:the original
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1871:the original
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1361:10070/423069
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1300:
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1225:
1222:"Pine Creek"
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1199:
1187:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:
1163:"Pine Creek"
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1136:
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504:Unlike many
501:
474:World War II
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371:World War II
363:
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293:
288:
276:
272:Native Title
256:Jawoyn Bolmo
249:
235:. As at the
212:
211:
22:
2512:Pigeon Hole
2502:Kalkarindji
2490:Communities
2476:Top Springs
1627:Bauer, FH.
424:Port Darwin
264:Wurrkbarbar
237:2021 Census
137:Postcode(s)
126:Established
119:2021 census
101: /
89:131°49′34″E
76:Coordinates
2532:Categories
2461:Pine Creek
2413:Daly River
2381:Localities
2109:26 October
2084:26 October
1459:Pine Creek
1119:References
1045:(≥ 1.0 mm)
408:shaft mine
346:indentured
213:Pine Creek
117:318 (
114:Population
86:13°49′25″S
63:Pine Creek
32:Pine Creek
18:Pine Creek
2471:Tipperary
2450:Maranunga
2408:Claravale
2403:Burrundie
428:Katherine
233:Katherine
225:Australia
217:Katherine
159:Katherine
2517:Yarralin
2497:Daguragu
2455:Nemarluk
2444:Gurindji
2418:Delamere
2398:Buchanan
2393:Bradshaw
2304:24 March
2278:24 March
2252:24 March
2226:24 March
2200:24 March
2174:24 March
2148:24 March
2123:Dunn, P
2047:Archived
2012:11 April
1953:ABC News
1932:11 April
1737:citation
1507:Archived
1206:24 March
1143:24 March
1038:(58.32)
1033:(11.94)
988:(10.02)
983:(13.52)
978:(13.14)
758:(106.2)
753:(103.8)
748:(104.7)
743:(106.2)
738:(103.8)
462:The Ghan
436:Larrimah
404:open-cut
396:Top Gear
387:iron ore
382:iron ore
297:—
197:Lingiari
146:Location
2439:Gregory
2434:Fleming
1959:9 April
1927:NT News
1906:12 July
1877:12 July
1694:23 June
1502:NRETAS
1172:4 March
1036:1,481.6
1028:(4.06)
1023:(1.44)
1018:(0.33)
1013:(0.10)
1008:(0.00)
1003:(0.02)
998:(0.38)
993:(3.37)
968:(49.6)
963:(68.4)
958:(67.5)
953:(62.1)
948:(56.3)
943:(53.1)
938:(49.6)
933:(49.6)
928:(52.0)
923:(59.7)
918:(60.8)
913:(69.3)
908:(68.7)
898:(70.6)
893:(75.6)
888:(75.7)
883:(74.8)
878:(70.9)
873:(63.9)
868:(61.7)
863:(62.1)
858:(67.1)
853:(71.8)
848:(74.1)
843:(74.8)
838:(75.0)
828:(92.1)
823:(94.3)
818:(97.7)
813:(98.6)
808:(95.9)
803:(90.1)
798:(87.1)
793:(85.6)
788:(89.4)
783:(92.7)
778:(91.8)
773:(90.7)
768:(91.2)
733:(98.6)
728:(95.2)
723:(95.4)
718:(97.0)
713:(99.1)
708:(99.0)
703:(98.8)
698:(99.3)
636:Climate
557:Gallery
506:Top End
490:US Army
472:During
460:train,
358:Ah Hong
285:History
252:Wagiman
2507:Nauiyu
2457:(part)
2446:(part)
2425:(part)
2388:Baines
1987:30 May
1851:30 May
1816:
1793:30 May
1766:30 May
1728:30 May
1666:30 May
1638:30 May
1612:30 May
1584:31 May
1559:31 May
1535:31 May
1488:30 May
1444:30 May
1419:30 May
1394:30 May
1366:30 May
1333:30 May
1307:30 May
1281:30 May
1256:30 May
1231:30 May
649:Month
476:, the
316:Mining
260:Matjba
241:Darwin
168:LGA(s)
153:Darwin
2429:Edith
1900:(pdf)
1196:(PDF)
1098:Notes
1085:84.1
1082:16.3
1055:14.1
1052:16.9
1049:19.2
1031:303.4
1026:103.1
986:254.6
981:343.4
976:333.7
688:Year
2306:2019
2280:2019
2254:2019
2228:2019
2202:2019
2176:2019
2150:2019
2111:2023
2086:2023
2014:2020
1989:2024
1961:2020
1934:2020
1908:2007
1879:2007
1853:2024
1814:ISBN
1795:2024
1768:2024
1743:link
1730:2024
1696:2016
1668:2024
1640:2024
1614:2024
1586:2024
1561:2024
1537:2024
1490:2024
1446:2024
1421:2024
1396:2024
1368:2024
1335:2024
1309:2024
1283:2024
1258:2024
1233:2024
1208:2019
1174:2021
1145:2019
1079:8.4
1076:2.9
1073:1.1
1070:0.3
1067:0.0
1064:0.2
1061:0.5
1058:4.2
1021:36.5
991:85.6
961:20.2
956:19.7
951:16.7
946:13.5
941:11.7
926:11.1
921:15.4
916:16.0
911:20.7
906:20.4
896:21.5
891:24.2
886:24.3
881:23.8
876:21.6
871:17.7
866:16.5
861:16.7
856:19.5
851:22.1
846:23.4
841:23.8
836:23.9
826:33.4
821:34.6
816:36.5
811:37.0
806:35.5
801:32.3
796:30.6
791:29.8
786:31.9
781:33.7
776:33.2
771:32.6
766:32.9
756:41.2
751:39.9
746:40.4
741:41.2
736:39.9
731:37.0
726:35.1
721:35.2
716:36.1
711:37.3
706:37.2
701:37.1
696:37.4
685:Dec
682:Nov
679:Oct
676:Sep
673:Aug
670:Jul
667:Jun
664:May
661:Apr
658:Mar
655:Feb
652:Jan
262:and
250:The
243:and
185:Daly
141:0847
1842:doi
1357:hdl
1016:8.5
1011:2.6
1006:0.1
1001:0.4
996:9.7
966:9.8
936:9.8
931:9.8
434:to
391:BBC
2534::
2296:.
2270:.
2244:.
2218:.
2192:.
2166:.
2140:.
2102:.
2077:.
2035:^
2005:.
1978:.
1951:.
1925:.
1840:.
1836:.
1783:.
1739:}}
1735:{{
1704:^
1684:.
1656:.
1631:.
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1594:^
1577:.
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1517:^
1478:.
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1299:.
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1224:.
1198:.
1165:.
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527::
442:.
258:,
254:,
247:.
223:,
2365:e
2358:t
2351:v
2308:.
2282:.
2256:.
2230:.
2204:.
2178:.
2152:.
2113:.
2088:.
2016:.
1991:.
1963:.
1936:.
1910:.
1881:.
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1844::
1745:)
1642:.
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1398:.
1370:.
1359::
1337:.
1311:.
1285:.
1260:.
1235:.
1210:.
1176:.
1147:.
121:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
