806:. Tens of thousands of people passed through the camp, of which approximately 3,000 were killed. After its liquidation in 1943, a transit camp was set up there for the Jewish population. Several other camps were also established: a transitional camp for people taken to forced labor into the Third Reich consisting of 3 barracks, a penal camp in Starosielce located in the triangle between the railway lines Białystok - Ełk and Białystok - Warsaw, and the "Zielona" penal camp located between Zaścianki and the Skorupa district where people were arrested for violating German regulations, such as being late for work or alcohol abuse.
63:
756:(RSHA), due to reports of Soviet guerrilla activity in the area with Jews being of course immediately suspected of helping them out. The first stage of the Nazi persecutions mainly involved applying collective punishment to various villages where any form of real-or-imagined threat had been identified. Terror operations were enacted to prevent assistance to independence movements but mostly to round-up and persecute local Jews. Targeted buildings were being destroyed, possessions robbed, communities mass murdered or sent to labor camps or prisons. SS-
336:
631:
77:
893:
767:. The Germans introduced the policy of finding and forcing anyone who could be of German ancestry, even based on the "pure German looks" in some cases, to accept the German ancestry card (usually 4th category "The Traitors of the German Nation," in spite of the ominous-sounding name, it meant elevation above the rest of the population). The Germans were harkening back to the times of the
622:). These were the police stations Bialystok (Kreiskommissariat Nikolaus), Bielsk-Podlaski (Kreiskommissariat Tubenthal), Grajewski (Kreiskommissariat Piachor, then Knispel), Grodno (Kreiskommissariat Plötz), Łomża (Kreiskommissariat Gräben), Sokolski (Kreiskommissariat Seiler), Volkovysk (Kreiskommissariat Pfeifer) and the city of Białystok.
813:
throughout the
District. On 2 November 1942 Nazi SS and police forces, in a coordinated operation with help from the local gendarmerie, suddenly encircled and quarantined all the ghettos. Between November 1942 and February 1943, approximately 100,000 Jews in the District, including some 10,000 from
706:
visited the newly formed
Bialystok District on 30 June 1941 and pronounced that more forces were needed in the area, due to potential risks of partisan warfare. The chase after the Red Army's rapid retreat left behind a security vacuum, which required the urgent deployment of additional personnel.
415:
Bialystok
District was established on 1 August 1941; it was simultaneously excluded from the operational zones of the German Army in the Soviet Union. At the same time, some small areas to the east of the 1939–1941 German-Soviet border were incorporated into the East Prussian district of
801:
at 70 Kawaleryjska Street. It was the first one of its kind, except for the makeshift camp that was set up in
September 1939 in the building of the Secondary School No. 6. Up to twelve thousand people could stay there at one time. Prisoners were used for construction works at the nearby
680:. The next day, they drove 1,240 people out of the villages around Narewka. In the following days, further populations from the towns of Leśna, Mikłaszew, Olchówka and Zabrod were made to leave. Another 1133 people were displaced to the vicinity of Zabłudów. The brutal
367:
The first decree for the implementation of civil administration in these newly occupied territories was issued on 17 July 1941. It was announced that the
Bialystok district will implement civil administration at a time to be determined.
1357:
1955:
2521:
857:
by several hundred Polish Jews who began an armed struggle against the German troops finishing off the liquidation of the people still living in the Ghetto. This Ghetto's victims were ultimately destined for the
1960:
1131:(2003-11-01). ""Polish 'Neighbours' and German Invaders: Anti-Jewish Violence in the Białystok District during the Opening Weeks of Operation Barbarossa."". In Steinlauf, Michael C.; Polonsky, Antony (eds.).
1985:
371:
On July 22, Hitler announced that from August 1, Erich Koch would take over the
Bialystok district and demarcate the borders of the district. The borders of this area ran from the southeastern protrusion of
1350:
1990:
1970:
1343:
1995:
2073:
1950:
660:, to embark on pacification operations against civilians in the Białystok district. On July 25, 1941, police units commanded by Colonel Max Montua forced 183 families from the villages of
1980:
2481:
2300:
2205:
356:
against the Soviet Union, the invading
Wehrmacht soldiers murdered 379 people, 'pacified' 30 villages, burned down 640 houses and 1,385 industrial buildings in the area.
803:
1289:
Förster, Jürgen (1998). "Securing 'Living-Space'". In Boog, Horst; Förster, Jürgen; Hoffmann, Joachim; Klink, Ernst; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Ueberschär, Gerd R. (eds.).
1230:
2496:
2331:
1908:
1769:
1759:
1724:
1212:
2637:
2063:
1006:
Germany and the Second World War:Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1939-1941
722:(born 1911) with express mission to murder Jews, communists and the NKVD collaborators across the local villages and towns. On July 3 additional formation of
2366:
1749:
1754:
1744:
2632:
1734:
1729:
2440:
1719:
1598:
2583:
2235:
693:
480:
685:
2657:
2107:
1608:
838:
operated within the Białystok region. Aside from attacking the occupying forces, it ran intelligence and propaganda networks and collected a
2578:
794:
1275:
The final liquidation of the
Bialystok Ghetto took place in August 1943, when the remaining 30,000 Jews there were sent to extermination.
908:
launching a series of uprisings throughout Białystok. In July and August 1944, the territory of
Bialystok District was taken over by the
2652:
1298:
327:
which were permanently annexed by the Soviet Union following the Second World War, most of the territory was later returned to Poland.
2130:
1064:"Erlaß des Führers über die Verwaltung des Gebietes um Wilna, des Raumes um Bialystok und des Gebietes von Lemberg vom 22. Juli 1941"
1259:
2607:
2142:
1376:
1110:
Mark C. Yerger:Allgemeine-SS: The
Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1997, pp.23, 49-51, 70,
2371:
2351:
2275:
1975:
2092:
1038:
967:
2346:
2341:
2220:
2050:
279:
2068:
1176:
2647:
2097:
2087:
1965:
1148:
296:). As Bialystok District, the area was under German rule from 1941 to 1944 without ever formally being incorporated into the
2642:
2295:
2185:
2135:
1238:
941:
2381:
916:. In January 1945, the Red Army overran the last areas of Bialystok District, namely the remaining parts of the districts
2407:
2230:
1845:
863:
311:. Germany had desired to annex the area even during the First World War, based on the historical claim arising from the
1913:
1764:
2376:
2102:
1306:
1115:
1044:
1017:
885:) in the Province of East Prussia and the Bialystok District was adjusted and moved back to the northern side of the
110:
2568:
2285:
1399:
17:
2081:
1335:
2290:
2260:
1582:
62:
2445:
2270:
2215:
1547:
798:
494:(SSPF) of the District. This officer commanded all SS personnel and police in his jurisdiction, including the
2326:
2321:
1942:
1830:
1641:
428:
1903:
361:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2386:
2195:
2190:
2165:
2058:
859:
850:
2450:
2361:
1661:
649:
565:
275:
271:, although in contrast to the latter, it was not incorporated into, but merely attached to East Prussia.
2460:
2455:
2180:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1694:
912:
up to the Narew-Bobr line. The government seat for the Chief of Civil Administration was then moved to
783:
753:
463:
2391:
2077:
312:
268:
1328:
1040:"Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi białostockiej" (Nazi Repressions Against the Białystok Countryside)
661:
2175:
1602:
1512:
1497:
452:
2280:
2225:
2200:
1009:
790:
760:
Nebe reported to Berlin on 14 November 1941 that, up to then 45,000 persons had been eliminated.
653:
979:
479:
from 15 August 1941 to 31 January 1942. He was replaced from 1 February 1942 to 27 July 1944 by
1931:
1532:
875:
673:
657:
645:
292:
287:
1133:
Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 16: Focusing on Jewish Popular Culture and Its Afterlife
749:
2112:
1674:
1646:
644:, it was then subordinated to the civil administration. Shortly before the handover, General
1088:"Erlaß des Führers über die vorläufige Verwaltung des Bezirks Bialystok vom 15. August 1941"
582:. The area had a population of 1,383,000 inhabitants, which included 980,000 (70.9%) ethnic
286:
in June 1941, the westernmost portion of Soviet Belarus (which, until 1939, belonged to the
247:, in present-day northeastern Poland as well as in smaller sections of adjacent present-day
2604:
2563:
2526:
2255:
2036:
1689:
1651:
1572:
1567:
1487:
1128:
681:
505:
491:
357:
353:
283:
1669:
826:
took place in August 1943, when the remaining 30,000 Jews there were sent to be murdered.
561:
8:
2336:
1863:
1774:
1679:
1467:
1452:
1442:
764:
854:
522:
2423:
1855:
1739:
1684:
1492:
1432:
1316:
1154:
867:
843:
809:
Following the German occupation, most Jews had been rounded up and forced into some 60
547:(July – October 1944). The SSPF reported to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) of
509:
409:
316:
1868:
2531:
1557:
1482:
1302:
1144:
1111:
1013:
975:
905:
572:
501:
427:
took over the Białystok district and subsequently, on 15 August, he was appointed as
1437:
886:
881:
On 20 October 1943, the southern border between the East Prussian district Sudauen (
420:). With this the city of Scharfenwiese henceforth held more hinterland to the east.
335:
2599:
1477:
1447:
1365:
1184:
1136:
823:
768:
730:
703:
630:
476:
442:
377:
320:
531:
447:
2265:
1883:
1873:
1502:
1391:
1180:
871:
738:
719:
615:
607:
496:
457:
260:
228:
2170:
602:. The district was divided into eight county-level administrative units, called
2305:
2240:
1878:
1699:
1293:. Vol. IV. Translated by McMurry, Dean S.; Osers, Ewald; Willmot, Louise.
1216:
1172:
793:
was established in Bialystok named Stalag 57. On 1 August 1942, it was renamed
782:
set up at the same time) including its surroundings, were transferred from the
417:
385:
303:
The district was established because of its perceived military importance as a
2626:
2356:
2245:
1562:
1552:
1522:
1507:
1462:
974:, (PDF file, direct download 873 KB) Biuletyn IPN nr 35-36 (12/2003-1/2004),
779:
726:
arrived in Białystok, summoned from the General Government. It was led by SS-
583:
517:
405:
381:
125:
112:
540:
472:
278:
and was consequently occupied by the Soviet Union and incorporated into the
2210:
1577:
1422:
1367:
1208:
1158:
1140:
940:
Reichspostministerium: Amtsblatt des Reichspostamts, vol. 2, 1941, p. 729 (
897:
810:
535:
526:
373:
340:
297:
244:
240:
236:
47:
638:
Until the end of July 1941, the city of Białystok was under controlled by
579:
343:
dated March 1944 which includes Bialystok District (top-right, light blue)
89:
2516:
1537:
1472:
913:
587:
490:
In addition, SS and security forces were under the direct command of the
467:. Day-to-day activities were handled by his permanent deputy head of the
308:
2250:
1087:
2558:
1542:
1527:
1427:
1063:
917:
665:
595:
544:
468:
424:
304:
76:
882:
1624:
1457:
1417:
1285:
Gnatowski M., "Białostockie Zgrupowanie Partyzanckie". Białystok 1994
839:
835:
819:
815:
669:
640:
578:
The center of administration for the district was the Polish city of
437:
401:
393:
252:
216:
2573:
1517:
909:
892:
677:
397:
1047:(Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej), issue: 121, pages: 65-68.
712:
707:
Scrambling to meet this "new threat", Gestapo headquarters formed
1004:
Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2000).
921:
599:
552:
513:
248:
212:
1135:. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. pp. 431–452.
684:
burned 12 Polish and Belarusian villages, shot 42 people in the
2005:
904:
In January 1944, the region's Home Army began participating in
775:
697:
689:
484:
389:
208:
43:
896:
A July 1944 German map of Bialystok District, labelled "South
556:
435:) of Bialystok District. During this period, he also was the
324:
763:
The situation of the local population did improve after the
591:
243:
invasion of the Soviet Union. It was to the south-east of
27:
Nazi German administrative unit in occupied Eastern Poland
1260:"First deportation from Bialystok district to Auschwitz"
290:), was placed under the German Civilian Administration (
924:, driving the Germans completely out of the territory.
255:. It was sometimes also referred to by the designation
1177:"Do we now know everything for certain? (translation)"
985:
1003:
1233:[Soviet occupation of Poland in 1939-41].
1854:
2624:
1301:). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 1235–1244.
1237:(in Polish). Polscy Sprawiedliwi. Archived from
1228:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
711:which departed from sub-station Schröttersburg (
878:, in Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II.
797:. It was located in the former barracks of the
634:Identity document of Bialystok District (1943)
2638:States and territories disestablished in 1945
1351:
972:Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi białostockiej
947:
2421:
1622:
1397:
1389:
853:began. This was an insurrection in Poland's
849:During the night of 15–16 August 1943, the
2633:States and territories established in 1941
1358:
1344:
1299:Military History Research Office (Germany)
1033:
1031:
1029:
822:death camps. The final liquidation of the
75:
1231:"Okupacja sowiecka ziem polskich 1939–41"
891:
629:
334:
1288:
1264:ZACHOR Holocaust Remembrance Foundation
1171:
1165:
1127:
1026:
991:
866:, an organisation that was part of the
14:
2625:
2013:
1838:
1634:
1410:
512:(security police), which included the
500:(Orpo; regular uniformed police), the
280:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1339:
1199:
408:and then following the border of the
274:The territory lay to the east of the
2658:Former government regions of Germany
1295:Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt
1058:
1056:
789:Already on 27 June 1941, a camp for
709:Kommando SS Zichenau-Schroettersburg
568:(May 1941 – June 1944) and then SS-
267:- see the map below) along with the
864:Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa
814:Bialystok proper, were sent to the
625:
325:other territories of Eastern Poland
315:, which had delegated Białystok to
24:
555:until July 1943 and thereafter in
551:(Central Russia) headquartered in
529:(January 1942 – January 1943), SS-
25:
2669:
2653:World War II occupied territories
1793:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
1222:
1053:
1045:Institute of National Remembrance
741:of 1939. The relief unit, called
347:
284:German attack on the Soviet Union
2281:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
774:On 1 November 1941, the city of
235:) was an administrative unit of
61:
2261:Norway (Administrative Council)
1252:
1291:The Attack on the Soviet Union
1121:
1104:
1080:
997:
934:
862:. It was organized and led by
799:10th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment
676:. They were forcibly moved to
538:(May 1943 – July 1944) and SS-
483:, Landrat (District Mayor) of
13:
1:
2286:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
1213:"Poszukiwany Hermann Schaper"
927:
870:, and was the second largest
829:
715:) under the leadership of SS-
429:Chief of Civil Administration
2648:Subdivisions of Nazi Germany
2059:Army Group Rear Area Command
1366:Administrative divisions in
860:Treblinka extermination camp
7:
2441:Belgium and Northern France
2064:Belgium and Northern France
650:Army Group Centre Rear Area
566:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
10:
2674:
1943:Civil Administration Areas
1548:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
784:Reichskommissariat Ostland
754:Reich Security Main Office
598:, and 2,000 (0.1%) ethnic
520:). The commanders were SS-
464:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
362:Great Synagogue, Białystok
360:burned about 2000 Jews in
330:
282:. In the aftermath of the
81:Bialystok District in 1942
2643:Białystok in World War II
2592:
2551:
2544:
2509:
2469:
2433:
2420:
2400:
2314:
2158:
2151:
2123:
2049:
2029:
2004:
1941:
1930:
1896:
1829:
1813:North Brabant and Limburg
1808:South Holland and Zeeland
1803:North Holland and Utrecht
1798:Gelderland and Overijssel
1783:
1712:
1660:
1621:
1591:
1388:
1375:
1229:Encyklopedia PWN (2015).
851:Białystok Ghetto Uprising
313:Third Partition of Poland
269:Regierungsbezirk Zichenau
204:
193:
189:
185:
181:
171:
161:
157:
149:
145:
141:
102:
95:
85:
74:
58:
53:
42:
32:
2051:Military administrations
1583:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
604:district police stations
453:Province of East Prussia
433:Chef der Zivilverwaltung
104: • Coordinates
1010:Oxford University Press
791:Soviet prisoners of war
654:Order Police battalions
319:from 1795 to 1806 (see
307:on the far bank of the
276:Molotov–Ribbentrop line
2422:
2152:Puppet administrations
1956:Carinthia and Carniola
1623:
1398:
1390:
1370:and German occupations
1175:(December 2–3, 2000).
1141:10.2307/j.ctv1rmk6w.30
901:
876:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
842:, parts of which were
658:Police Regiment Centre
646:Max von Schenckendorff
635:
619:
611:
575:(June – August 1944).
344:
293:Zivilverwaltungsgebiet
194:Political subdivisions
173:• Disestablished
1603:Reichsfestung Belgrad
1129:Rossino, Alexander B.
895:
844:transported to London
656:, which were part of
633:
620:komisariaty powiatowe
338:
2605:Strength Through Joy
2564:Weather Station Kurt
2266:Norway (Quisling II)
1513:Munich–Upper Bavaria
1498:March of Brandenburg
1235:Przywracanie Pamięci
745:, was sent in by SS-
696:near the village of
682:Police Battalion 322
506:intelligence service
492:SS and Police Leader
358:Police Battalion 309
354:Operation Barbarossa
2424:Reichskommissariats
2256:Norway (Quisling I)
2186:Chechnya-Ingushetia
1846:Bohemia and Moravia
1831:Partial annexations
1642:Danzig–West Prussia
1043:in Bulletin of the
1037:Marcin Markiewicz,
982:. Internet Archive.
966:Marcin Markiewicz,
765:Raid on Mittenheide
752:on orders from the
750:Eberhard Schöngarth
747:Obersturmbannfuhrer
416:Scharfenwiese (now
352:After the start of
239:created during the
163:• Established
122: /
1856:General Government
1533:Schleswig-Holstein
902:
868:Anti-Fascist Block
804:"Krywlany" airport
743:Kommando Bialystok
636:
612:kreiskommissariate
586:, 200,000 (14.5%)
410:General Government
345:
323:). In contrast to
257:South East Prussia
225:Bialystok District
199:Kreiskommissariate
33:Bialystok District
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2540:
2539:
2510:Other occupations
2505:
2504:
2416:
2415:
2131:Adriatic Littoral
2124:Operational Zones
2045:
2044:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1892:
1891:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1708:
1707:
1617:
1616:
1219:, 01.09.01 Nr 204
1150:978-1-909821-67-5
906:Operation Tempest
778:(location of the
674:Białowieża Forest
590:, 120,000 (8.7%)
573:Curt von Gottberg
570:Obergruppenführer
562:Obergruppenführer
412:to East Prussia.
364:on 27 June 1941.
222:
221:
126:53.133°N 23.150°E
16:(Redirected from
2665:
2549:
2548:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2156:
2155:
2143:Alpine Foothills
2011:
2010:
1961:Gebiet Bialystok
1939:
1938:
1852:
1851:
1836:
1835:
1781:
1780:
1695:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
1658:
1657:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1573:Westphalia-South
1568:Westphalia-North
1488:Magdeburg-Anhalt
1408:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1226:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1187:on July 16, 2011
1183:. Archived from
1169:
1163:
1162:
1125:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1035:
1024:
1023:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
968:Bezirk Bialystok
964:
945:
938:
855:Białystok Ghetto
824:Bialystok Ghetto
769:New East Prussia
731:Wolfgang Birkner
728:Hauptsturmführer
704:Heinrich Himmler
692:and more in the
626:Nazi repressions
594:, 80,000 (5.8%)
523:Standartenführer
477:Waldemar Magunia
475:, East Prussia,
451:of the Prussian
443:Gau East Prussia
380:) following the
378:Suwalki triangle
321:New East Prussia
233:Bezirk Bialystok
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
105:
79:
65:
36:Bezirk Bialystok
30:
29:
21:
18:Bezirk Bialystok
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2608:holiday resorts
2588:
2536:
2501:
2465:
2412:
2396:
2310:
2147:
2119:
2041:
2025:
2000:
1933:
1918:
1888:
1850:
1817:
1779:
1704:
1656:
1613:
1587:
1468:Halle-Merseburg
1453:Electoral Hesse
1443:Eastern Hanover
1380:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1282:
1281:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1181:Gazeta Wyborcza
1173:Szarota, Tomasz
1170:
1166:
1151:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1012:. p. 172.
1002:
998:
994:, p. 1239.
990:
986:
965:
948:
939:
935:
930:
872:ghetto uprising
832:
739:Polish Campaign
720:Hermann Schaper
717:Obersturmführer
648:, commander of
628:
497:Ordnungspolizei
458:Reichskommissar
404:to the west of
350:
333:
215:
211:
174:
164:
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
108:
103:
80:
70:
67:
66:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2306:Zuyev Republic
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Czechoslovakia
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Main Franconia
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Cologne–Aachen
1430:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1383:
1377:Administrative
1373:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1307:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1251:
1221:
1217:Rzeczpospolita
1198:
1164:
1149:
1120:
1103:
1092:territorial.de
1079:
1068:territorial.de
1052:
1025:
1018:
996:
984:
946:
932:
931:
929:
926:
887:Augustów Canal
831:
828:
786:to Bialystok.
694:Osuszek forest
627:
624:
559:. This was SS-
549:Russland Mitte
481:Friedrich Brix
349:
348:Administration
346:
332:
329:
220:
219:
206:
202:
201:
195:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
131:53.133; 23.150
106:
100:
99:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
40:
39:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2670:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Russia (KONR)
2365:
2363:
2362:Russia (ODNR)
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:zone réservée
2079:
2078:Atlantic Wall
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Burgundy (SS)
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Upper Silesia
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Lower Silesia
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1330:
1318:
1310:
1308:0-19-822886-4
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1241:on 2016-04-15
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:Urban, Thomas
1202:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1116:0-7643-0145-4
1113:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1019:0-19-822887-2
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
977:
973:
969:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
943:
937:
933:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
894:
890:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
807:
805:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
780:Grodno Ghetto
777:
772:
770:
766:
761:
759:
758:Gruppenführer
755:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:Einsatzgruppe
733:, veteran of
732:
729:
725:
724:Schutzpolizei
721:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:
632:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
542:
537:
534:
533:
532:Brigadeführer
528:
525:
524:
519:
518:secret police
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
448:Oberpräsident
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
426:
423:On August 1,
421:
419:
413:
411:
407:
406:Brest-Litovsk
403:
399:
395:
392:), including
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
342:
337:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
265:Südostpreußen
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
218:
214:
210:
207:
205:Today part of
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
170:
167:1 August 1941
166:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
107:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
78:
73:
64:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
31:
19:
2569:Schatzgräber
2020:
1991:West Prussia
1971:Lower Styria
1909:Holland (SS)
1680:Upper Danube
1675:Lower Danube
1478:Hesse-Nassau
1448:East Prussia
1418:Baden-Alsace
1381:Nazi Germany
1379:divisions of
1368:Nazi Germany
1294:
1290:
1274:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1234:
1224:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1167:
1132:
1123:
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1039:
1005:
999:
992:Förster 1998
987:
971:
942:Google Books
936:
903:
898:East Prussia
880:
874:, after the
848:
833:
808:
788:
773:
762:
757:
746:
742:
737:IV from the
734:
727:
723:
716:
708:
702:
686:Lacka Forest
652:ordered the
639:
637:
603:
577:
569:
560:
548:
539:
536:Otto Hellwig
530:
527:Werner Fromm
521:
495:
489:
462:
456:
446:
436:
432:
422:
414:
374:East Prussia
370:
366:
351:
341:Nazi Germany
302:
298:German Reich
291:
288:Polish state
273:
264:
256:
245:East Prussia
241:World War II
237:Nazi Germany
232:
224:
223:
198:
48:Nazi Germany
35:
2446:Netherlands
2246:Netherlands
1986:Sudetenland
1934:occupations
1770:Vistulaland
1647:Sudetenland
1599:Prinz-Eugen
1503:Mecklenburg
1325:|work=
1206:(in Polish)
1159:j.ctv1rmk6w
1049:(in Polish)
914:Bartenstein
588:Belarusians
388:(excluding
382:Neman River
129: /
2627:Categories
2579:Bassgeiger
2559:New Swabia
2527:San Marino
2352:Montenegro
2276:Montenegro
2098:Luxembourg
1976:Luxembourg
1760:Vandalland
1725:Beskidland
1652:Wartheland
1625:Reichsgaus
1438:Düsseldorf
1245:2016-04-30
1097:2022-10-28
1073:2022-10-28
928:References
830:Resistance
795:Stalag 316
666:Pogorzelce
596:Ukrainians
545:Heinz Roch
541:Oberführer
508:) and the
473:Königsberg
469:Nazi Party
425:Erich Koch
400:up to the
305:bridgehead
177:8 May 1945
90:Bjelostock
2600:Nordstern
2584:Edelweiss
2492:Turkestan
2482:Don-Volga
2382:Turkestan
2332:Cossackia
2271:Macedonia
2231:Lithuania
2136:Ljubljana
2021:Bialystok
2006:Districts
1670:Carinthia
1563:Weser-Ems
1553:Thuringia
1523:Pomerania
1508:Moselland
1463:Franconia
1327:ignored (
1317:cite book
980:1641-9561
840:V2-rocket
836:Home Army
820:Auschwitz
816:Treblinka
670:Teremiski
641:Wehrmacht
580:Białystok
438:Gauleiter
418:Ostrołęka
402:Bug River
394:Volkovysk
253:Lithuania
217:Lithuania
54:1941–1945
2593:Proposed
2574:Holzauge
2477:Caucasia
2470:Proposed
2408:Brittany
2401:Proposed
2392:Wallonia
2377:Slovakia
2327:Bulgaria
2301:Wallonia
2291:Slovakia
2206:Flanders
2088:Slovakia
2037:Brussels
2030:Proposed
1996:Zichenau
1966:Lorraine
1914:Lombardy
1897:Proposed
1785:Westland
1775:Wallonia
1755:Nordmark
1750:Gothland
1740:Flanders
1735:Burgundy
1713:Proposed
1685:Salzburg
1592:Proposed
1578:Westmark
1518:NSDAP/AO
1423:Bayreuth
1400:Altreich
910:Red Army
678:Pruzhany
398:Pruzhany
2552:Founded
2532:Tunisia
2517:Finland
2487:Muscovy
2461:Ukraine
2456:Ostland
2434:Founded
2387:Ukraine
2357:Romania
2347:Hungary
2322:Belarus
2296:Ukraine
2221:Hungary
2201:Denmark
2191:Croatia
2181:Belarus
2176:Austria
2166:Albania
2159:Founded
2069:Croatia
2014:Founded
1864:Galicia
1839:Founded
1745:Galicia
1730:Brabant
1662:Austria
1635:Founded
1609:Holland
1538:Silesia
1473:Hamburg
1411:Founded
1269:23 July
1191:May 13,
922:Grajewo
883:Suwałki
811:ghettos
672:in the
600:Germans
553:Mogilev
514:Gestapo
441:of the
339:Map of
331:History
317:Prussia
249:Belarus
213:Belarus
150:History
117:23°09′E
114:53°08′N
86:Capital
2522:Monaco
2451:Norway
2372:Serbia
2342:Greece
2337:France
2315:Exiled
2216:Greece
2211:France
2108:Serbia
2103:Poland
2093:Greece
2074:France
1951:Alsace
1932:German
1884:Warsaw
1874:Lublin
1869:Kraków
1765:Venice
1700:Vienna
1690:Styria
1543:Swabia
1528:Saxony
1428:Berlin
1305:
1157:
1147:
1114:
1016:
978:
776:Grodno
698:Piliki
690:Waniek
668:, and
616:Polish
608:German
485:Tilsit
455:, and
390:Grodno
384:up to
261:German
229:German
209:Poland
153:
44:Bezirk
2545:Other
2241:Lokot
2236:Lepel
2226:Italy
2113:Banat
1981:Posen
1879:Radom
1720:Banat
1458:Essen
1155:JSTOR
970:(in)
918:Łomża
713:Płock
688:near
584:Poles
557:Minsk
386:Mosty
376:(the
309:Neman
2497:Ural
2251:Nias
2171:Asch
1392:Gaus
1329:help
1303:ISBN
1271:2022
1193:2011
1145:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1014:ISBN
976:ISSN
920:and
834:The
818:and
662:Budy
592:Jews
510:SiPo
396:and
251:and
96:Area
69:Flag
1137:doi
471:in
461:in
46:of
2629::
2080:‧
1321::
1319:}}
1315:{{
1273:.
1262:.
1215:,
1211:,
1179:.
1153:.
1143:.
1090:.
1066:.
1055:^
1028:^
1008:.
949:^
889:.
846:.
771:.
700:.
664:,
618::
614:,
610::
502:SD
487:.
445:,
300:.
263::
231::
197:8
2084:)
2076:(
1605:)
1601:(
1404:)
1396:(
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1331:)
1311:.
1297:(
1248:.
1195:.
1161:.
1139::
1118:.
1100:.
1076:.
1022:.
944:)
900:"
606:(
516:(
504:(
431:(
259:(
227:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
