520:
268:
the left side of the entrance and the other on the right. The two chambers differ in size but both are visibly larger than the ordinary subsidiary tombs of retainers. This peculiarity points to the privileged status that
Betrest/Seret must have enjoyed during this king's reign. Indeed, only queens and royal mothers were allowed to be buried so close to the king. Unfortunately, it is not recorded in which of the two chambers the stela was found.
2681:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2639:
2629:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
1996:
1886:
1785:
1465:
1222:
267:
of the first dynasty stela, then
Betrest was buried in the necropolis of King Den at Abydos. Her tomb comprises a chamber that is structurally nestled into the entrance of Den's own funerary chamber and therefore, is subsidiary to his burial. There are two chambers fitting this description, one on
226:
of ancient Egypt. Silke Roth and Toby
Wilkinson point out, however, that the ram-hieroglyph was read differently in early times. The reading as "Ba" (meaning "soul"), does not appear before the Old Kingdom period and during the two first dynasties the ram-sign was read as,
243:, which means "mother sheep" or "she of the ram". It seems that the later ramesside scribes, who compiled the Annal stone (and therefore the Cairo stone inscription), had no knowledge of the older readings for the ram sign and simply read "Ba", changing
214:. The name of the person on the stela included a ram-hieroglyph (which commonly reads "Ba") and the signs "s" and "t" are visible. If this monument belongs to Queen Betrest, then it also preserves part of a title with a
2722:
2727:
169:
instead translates the name with "motherhood is her companion" and points to the possible position of the queen as a mother of a king who followed her husband, King
447:
203:
to have been her husband. If so, King
Anedjib would have been a (half-)brother of King Semerkhet. Another theory is that Betrest was the wife of the short-ruled
2827:
2762:
741:
239:(meaning "sheep", "ram", or "begetter"). This reading is promoted by the hieroglyph for "s" on the stela. In sum the reading on the stela had to be
440:
2777:
2772:
2752:
2747:
750:
433:
43:
40:
2757:
2506:
48:
35:
46:
2737:
734:
54:
51:
38:
2767:
2742:
2732:
1479:
1253:
157:
means "may Bata be favorably disposed toward her". She thinks that the queen's name was connected to the ancestor-deity
2717:
2087:
1672:
767:
392:
417:
364:
312:
292:
2787:
1855:
727:
2413:
2822:
2130:
129:
may have considered the first two glyphs as part of a title, and reads the name on the Cairo stone fragment as
2464:
2456:
2370:
2206:
2188:
2102:
822:
2355:
2296:
1598:
2403:
1918:
1742:
1562:
1502:
1494:
307:
Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The
Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004,
2018:
1580:
2619:
2115:
1323:
1825:
1386:
2110:
2073:
1810:
1455:
1308:
1249:
1190:
986:
907:
2792:
2782:
2516:
2001:
1433:
1142:
1077:
1064:
951:
837:
456:
328:
Grajetski
Ancient Egyptian Queens: a hieroglyphic dictionary Golden House Publications, pg. 4-5
115:
2797:
2478:
2300:
1418:
2569:
2559:
2383:
1727:
1668:
936:
672:
20:
8:
2539:
2041:
1800:
1760:
1611:
1588:
1444:
2534:
2526:
413:
388:
360:
308:
288:
2579:
2163:
2158:
2031:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1205:
1044:
682:
385:
Royal annals of ancient Egypt : the
Palermo stone and its associated fragments
1956:
1880:
1210:
1165:
1029:
662:
613:
425:
285:
Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie
126:
1248:
199:(meaning "mother"). The identity of her husband is disputed. Some consider King
2493:
2398:
2378:
1770:
1395:
1160:
667:
166:
134:
2816:
2599:
2254:
1981:
1631:
1532:
1413:
1371:
1366:
1122:
1092:
1024:
1019:
965:
959:
916:
692:
688:
494:
211:
200:
170:
111:
2645:
2624:
2609:
2589:
2511:
2264:
2239:
2224:
2178:
2153:
2056:
2026:
1931:
1891:
1790:
1667:
1570:
1527:
1175:
1132:
1112:
1087:
1039:
1014:
994:
677:
410:
Discovering Egypt from the Neva, The
Egyptological Legacy of Oleg D. Berlev
719:
2656:
2634:
2249:
2196:
2067:
2046:
2007:
1542:
1460:
1450:
1438:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1180:
1072:
999:
976:
971:
223:
2676:
2549:
2173:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2061:
1946:
1936:
1907:
1901:
1780:
1641:
1636:
1512:
1507:
1401:
1082:
882:
867:
845:
763:
762:
592:
570:
534:
72:
2666:
2544:
2446:
2426:
2393:
2051:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1874:
1869:
1860:
1845:
1835:
1775:
1626:
1621:
1423:
1351:
1185:
1107:
1009:
922:
504:
186:
90:
2441:
2436:
2269:
2259:
2234:
2214:
2120:
1616:
1606:
1552:
1537:
1522:
1361:
1331:
1216:
1200:
1170:
1117:
1097:
1049:
1034:
1004:
892:
877:
862:
856:
644:
587:
576:
560:
539:
2295:
2388:
2244:
1991:
1976:
1850:
1815:
1428:
1407:
1356:
1195:
1102:
1054:
872:
850:
628:
565:
555:
509:
499:
479:
204:
174:
87:
339:
A History of Egypt, from the earliest Kings to the XVIth
Dynasty
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2638:
2628:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2501:
2431:
2421:
2229:
2219:
1995:
1986:
1885:
1795:
1784:
1547:
1464:
1376:
1221:
1127:
708:
618:
474:
2168:
1926:
1830:
1805:
1155:
887:
623:
582:
470:
215:
2036:
1864:
1840:
1820:
1517:
1150:
489:
484:
189:. Her name appears in Line III on the Cairo stone fragment
1896:
222:
title, which is a common title for royal queens in the
406:
An Early
Dynastic Stela from Abydos: private or royal?
210:
Possibly, she also is identified on a stela found at
455:
2814:
735:
441:
2828:Queens consort of the First Dynasty of Egypt
749:
324:
322:
320:
185:Betrest is said to have been the mother of
742:
728:
448:
434:
141:, I.E.S. Edwards and Toby Wilkinson read
2707:
317:
218:-falcon sign, which may be part of the
2815:
2325:
1697:
1278:
792:
379:
377:
375:
373:
351:
349:
347:
145:. Today her name is commonly read as,
2706:
2294:
1666:
1247:
783:
761:
723:
429:
303:
301:
387:. Taylor and Francis, London 2000,
370:
344:
341:, London 1923 (10th Edition), p. 22
153:. According to Silke Roth the Name
13:
357:Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten
14:
2839:
298:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2637:
2627:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2552:
1994:
1884:
1783:
1463:
1220:
518:
287:. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001,
75:be favorably disposed toward her
263:is the same person as the lady
457:First Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
398:
331:
277:
1:
271:
195:, where she bears the title
7:
180:
10:
2844:
1254:Second Intermediate Period
27:
2713:
2702:
2525:
2492:
2477:
2455:
2412:
2369:
2354:
2316:
2312:
2290:
2205:
2187:
2129:
2101:
2086:
2017:
1917:
1741:
1726:
1688:
1684:
1673:Third Intermediate Period
1662:
1597:
1579:
1561:
1493:
1478:
1385:
1322:
1307:
1269:
1265:
1243:
1141:
1063:
985:
950:
935:
906:
836:
821:
779:
768:First Intermediate Period
757:
701:
653:
637:
606:
548:
527:
516:
463:
84:
80:
26:
18:
772: (<3150–2040 BC)
1811:Menhet, Menwi and Merti
1456:Khenemetneferhedjet III
751:Queens of Ancient Egypt
337:W. M. Flinders Petrie:
254:
121:
114:. She lived during the
2517:Eurydice II of Macedon
1434:Khenemetneferhedjet II
383:Toby A. H. Wilkinson:
2823:30th-century BC women
1419:Khenemetneferhedjet I
2708:Dynastic genealogies
2384:Khedebneithirbinet I
1258: (2040–1550 BC)
764:Protodynastic Period
673:Den seal impressions
1677: (1550–664 BC)
2301:Hellenistic Period
1801:Merytre-Hatshepsut
1761:Ahmose-Henuttamehu
359:. Wiesbaden 2001,
220:She Who Sees Horus
86: Mother of
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2473:
2472:
2350:
2349:
2305: (664–30 BC)
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2082:
2081:
1722:
1721:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1474:
1473:
1303:
1302:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
931:
930:
817:
816:
717:
716:
408:, In: S. Quirke:
110:) was a queen of
97:
96:
62:
61:
58:
57:
2835:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2641:
2631:
2620:Cleopatra Selene
2616:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2580:Cleopatra I Syra
2576:
2566:
2556:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2343:
2336:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2292:
2291:
2164:Nesitanebetashru
2159:Nesitaudjatakhet
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2032:Iset Ta-Hemdjert
1998:
1888:
1787:
1766:Ahmose-Meritamun
1756:Ahmose-Sitkamose
1751:Ahmose-Nefertari
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1715:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1467:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1296:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1245:
1244:
1224:
1206:Ankhesenpepi III
1045:Khamerernebty II
948:
947:
944:
943:
834:
833:
830:
829:
810:
803:
790:
789:
781:
780:
774:
773:
759:
758:
744:
737:
730:
721:
720:
683:MacGregor plaque
522:
521:
450:
443:
436:
427:
426:
421:
402:
396:
381:
368:
353:
342:
335:
329:
326:
315:
305:
296:
281:
32:
31:
28:
16:
15:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2802:
2709:
2686:
2521:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2451:
2408:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2274:
2201:
2183:
2125:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2078:
2013:
1957:Maathorneferure
1913:
1881:Neferneferuaten
1732:
1731:
1730:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1691:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1646:
1593:
1575:
1557:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1381:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1227:
1211:Ankhesenpepi IV
1166:Ankhesenpepi II
1137:
1059:
1030:Khamerernebty I
981:
941:
940:
939:
927:
902:
827:
826:
825:
813:
806:
801:
795:
786:
775:
771:
770:
753:
748:
718:
713:
697:
663:Narmer macehead
655:
649:
633:
602:
544:
523:
519:
514:
459:
454:
424:
403:
399:
382:
371:
354:
345:
336:
332:
327:
318:
306:
299:
282:
278:
274:
257:
231:(for the deity
183:
127:Flinders Petrie
124:
93:
69:
65:
63:
47:
39:
12:
11:
5:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2399:Nakhtubasterau
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Mehytenweskhet
2375:
2373:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2088:3 Intermediate
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1733:(1550–1070 BC)
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1485:(1802–1550 BC)
1480:2 Intermediate
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1396:Neferitatjenen
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1314:(2040–1802 BC)
1309:Middle Kingdom
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1250:Middle Kingdom
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Ankhesenpepi I
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
962:
956:
954:
945:
942:(2686–2181 BC)
933:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
912:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
853:
848:
842:
840:
831:
828:(3150–2686 BC)
823:Early Dynastic
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
811:
804:
798:
796:
793:
787:
784:
777:
776:
755:
754:
747:
746:
739:
732:
724:
715:
714:
712:
711:
705:
703:
699:
698:
696:
695:
685:
680:
675:
670:
668:Narmer palette
665:
659:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
641:
639:
635:
634:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
610:
608:
604:
603:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
549:Queen consorts
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
531:
529:
525:
524:
517:
515:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
467:
465:
461:
460:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
423:
422:
412:, Berlin 2003
404:G. T. Martin:
397:
393:978-0710306678
369:
343:
330:
316:
297:
275:
273:
270:
256:
253:
182:
179:
167:Toby Wilkinson
161:(also read as
135:Henri Gauthier
123:
120:
102:(also read as
95:
94:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
44:
41:
36:
24:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2840:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
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2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2705:
2701:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2667:Cleopatra VII
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:Cleopatra III
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
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2433:
2430:
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2411:
2405:
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2400:
2397:
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2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Takahatenamun
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:(1069–664 BC)
2089:
2085:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Isetnofret II
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Ahmose Inhapy
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
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1554:
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1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
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1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
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1427:
1425:
1422:
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1412:
1410:
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1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:
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1392:
1390:
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1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
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1348:
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1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Khentkaus III
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Meresankh III
1023:
1021:
1020:Hetepheres II
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
967:
966:Djeseretnebti
963:
961:
960:Hetephernebti
958:
957:
955:
953:
949:
946:
938:
934:
924:
921:
919:
918:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
832:
824:
820:
809:
805:
800:
799:
797:
791:
788:
782:
778:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
725:
722:
710:
707:
706:
704:
700:
694:
690:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
654:Artefacts and
652:
646:
643:
642:
640:
636:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
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579:
578:
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572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
530:
526:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
472:
469:
468:
466:
462:
458:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
431:
428:
419:
418:3-933684-18-8
415:
411:
407:
401:
394:
390:
386:
380:
378:
376:
374:
366:
365:3-447-04368-7
362:
358:
352:
350:
348:
340:
334:
325:
323:
321:
314:
313:0-500-05128-3
310:
304:
302:
294:
293:3-447-04368-7
290:
286:
280:
276:
269:
266:
262:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
188:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:Tef-ti-iriset
136:
132:
128:
119:
117:
116:First Dynasty
113:
112:Ancient Egypt
109:
105:
101:
92:
89:
83:
79:
76:
74:
68:
53:
50:
45:
42:
37:
34:
33:
30:
29:
25:
22:
17:
2646:Cleopatra VI
2644:
2625:Berenice III
2610:Cleopatra IV
2590:Cleopatra II
2512:Parysatis II
2361:(664–332 BC)
2340:
2265:Atakhebasken
2179:Tadibast III
2154:Tashedkhonsu
2066:
2057:Tawerettenru
2027:Tiy-Merenese
2006:
1906:
1892:Ankhesenamun
1879:
1712:
1443:
1406:
1394:
1293:
1215:
1176:Meritites IV
1133:Nimaathap II
1113:Meresankh IV
1088:Khentkaus II
1078:Neferhetepes
1040:Hekenuhedjet
1015:Meresankh II
995:Hetepheres I
964:
915:
897:
855:
807:
678:Abydos boats
638:Other people
597:
575:
409:
405:
400:
384:
356:
355:Silke Roth:
338:
333:
284:
283:Silke Roth:
279:
264:
260:
259:If the lady
258:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
219:
209:
196:
191:
190:
184:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
125:
107:
103:
99:
98:
70:
66:
2657:Berenice IV
2635:Cleopatra V
2570:Arsinoe III
2560:Berenice II
2507:Stateira II
2484:(332–30 BC)
2479:Hellenistic
2297:Late Period
2250:Tabekenamun
2197:Karomama II
2068:Baketwernel
2047:Duatentopet
2008:Anuketemheb
1728:New Kingdom
1669:New Kingdom
1461:Sobekneferu
1439:Neferthenut
1337:Neferukayet
1181:Inenek-Inti
1073:Khentkaus I
1000:Meritites I
977:Meresankh I
972:Djefatnebti
937:Old Kingdom
420:, p. 79-84.
367:, p. 26–30.
295:, page 384.
224:Old Kingdom
143:Bat-iry-set
21:hieroglyphs
19:Betrest in
2817:Categories
2677:Arsinoe IV
2550:Arsinoe II
2540:Berenice I
2465:Stateira I
2174:Karomama I
2144:Penreshnes
2116:Mutnedjmet
2062:Nubkhesbed
1947:Isetnofret
1937:Tanedjemet
1908:Nebetnehat
1902:Mutnedjmet
1781:Hatshepsut
1642:Ahhotep II
1637:Sitdjehuti
1612:Sobekemsaf
1589:Mentuhotep
1513:Senebhenas
1508:Nubhetepti
1445:Meretseger
1402:Neferu III
1083:Meretnebty
883:Seshemetka
868:Nakhtneith
846:Neithhotep
593:Seshemetka
571:Nakhtneith
535:Neithhotep
272:References
67:Bꜣ.ti ir.s
2798:Ptolemaic
2545:Arsinoe I
2527:Ptolemaic
2447:Parysatis
2427:Artystone
2394:Tentkheta
2341:uncertain
2052:Henutwati
1972:Nebettawy
1967:Bintanath
1962:Meritamen
1952:Henutmire
1942:Nefertari
1875:Meritaten
1870:Nefertiti
1861:Tadukhipa
1846:Gilukhipa
1836:Mutemwiya
1826:Nefertari
1776:Mutnofret
1713:uncertain
1627:Ahhotep I
1622:Tetisheri
1424:Nofret II
1352:Neferu II
1294:uncertain
1186:Nedjeftet
1108:Nebunebty
1010:Khentetka
923:Nimaathap
808:uncertain
687:Mastabas
656:monuments
607:Officials
505:Semerkhet
395:, p. 125.
187:Semerkhet
91:Semerkhet
64:Batiires
2763:21 to 23
2535:Eurydice
2442:Damaspia
2437:Amestris
2270:Malaqaye
2260:Naparaye
2235:Peksater
2215:Pebatjma
2149:Maatkare
2139:Karomama
2121:Karimala
2111:Tentamun
2074:Tentamun
1617:Haankhes
1607:Nubemhat
1553:Satsobek
1538:Nubkhaes
1523:Senebsen
1362:Henhenet
1332:Neferu I
1217:Nitocris
1201:Udjebten
1171:Nubwenet
1156:Khuit II
1118:Setibhor
1098:Reptynub
1050:Rekhetre
1035:Persenet
1005:Henutsen
893:Serethor
878:Merneith
863:Herneith
857:Khenthap
645:Ahaneith
588:Serethor
577:Khenthap
561:Herneith
540:Merneith
464:Pharaohs
249:Batyires
181:Identity
155:Batyires
151:Batyires
104:Batyires
2389:Takhuit
2335:Pharaoh
2327:Dynasty
2245:Qalhata
1992:Twosret
1977:Merytre
1851:Sitamun
1816:Nebsemi
1707:Pharaoh
1699:Dynasty
1429:Khenmet
1408:Keminub
1357:Ashayet
1288:Pharaoh
1280:Dynasty
1196:Iput II
1103:Khuit I
1055:Bunefer
898:Betrest
873:Penebui
851:Benerib
802:Pharaoh
794:Dynasty
702:Capital
629:Meriiti
598:Betrest
566:Penebui
556:Benerib
528:Regents
500:Anedjib
480:Hor-Aha
261:Betrest
205:Anedjib
175:Anedjib
147:Betrest
108:Batires
100:Betrest
88:Pharaoh
2502:Roxana
2494:Argead
2432:Parmys
2422:Atossa
2404:Ladice
2318:Period
2230:Khensa
2220:Tabiry
1987:Takhat
1796:Satiah
1771:Ahmose
1690:Period
1548:Abetni
1503:Nofret
1377:Kemsit
1271:Period
1151:Iput I
1128:Khenut
785:Period
709:Thinis
619:Hemaka
475:Narmer
416:
391:
363:
311:
291:
229:Khnemu
212:Abydos
137:reads
131:Tarset
106:, and
2414:XXVII
2189:XXIII
2169:Kapes
1927:Sitre
1831:Iaret
1806:Nebtu
1743:XVIII
1533:Ineni
1414:Senet
1372:Kawit
1367:Sadeh
1191:Neith
1123:Nebet
917:Menka
888:Semat
693:S3504
689:S3503
624:Sabef
583:Semat
471:Menes
265:Seret
247:into
245:Seret
241:Seret
235:) or
233:Khnum
216:Horus
2457:XXXI
2371:XXVI
2356:Late
2299:and
2240:Arty
2225:Abar
2131:XXII
2042:Tiye
2037:Tyti
2002:Tiaa
1932:Tuya
1865:Kiya
1856:Iset
1841:Tiye
1821:Tiaa
1791:Iset
1671:and
1599:XVII
1571:Tati
1528:Tjan
1518:Neni
1495:XIII
1252:and
691:and
614:Amka
510:Qa'a
490:Djet
485:Djer
414:ISBN
389:ISBN
361:ISBN
309:ISBN
289:ISBN
255:Tomb
163:Baty
159:Bata
122:Name
73:Bata
71:May
2207:XXV
2103:XXI
1919:XIX
1897:Tey
1581:XVI
1563:XIV
1543:Aya
1451:Aat
1387:XII
1347:Tem
1342:Iah
952:III
766:to
495:Den
237:Ser
201:Den
197:Mut
173:or
171:Den
165:).
149:or
2819::
2793:31
2788:30
2783:27
2778:26
2773:25
2768:24
2758:20
2753:19
2748:18
2743:12
2738:11
2019:XX
1863:/
1324:XI
1143:VI
987:IV
908:II
372:^
346:^
319:^
300:^
251:.
207:.
192:C1
177:.
133:.
118:.
2733:4
2728:3
2723:2
2718:1
1065:V
838:I
743:e
736:t
729:v
473:/
449:e
442:t
435:v
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