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insects, botanical specimens, seeds, minerals and Fossil. He notes, correctly anticipating foreign specimens "As there is now no vexatious delay or trouble experienced by Custom-house regulations, specimens of natural history being admitted free of duty, it is recommended that all packages may be entered in the ship's papers, and if a list of all the contents of each package could, with convenience, be attached inside the lid of the box or cover, the risk of injury to the specimens, by examination at the Custom-house, would in great measure be avoided". Also "Should it even happen that the specimens be already possessed by the
Society, still duplicates are desirable, since such as are not possessed by the Museum can be readily exchanged for others that may be wanted".
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expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. Popularization was generally part of an overarching
Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people". As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. Books owned by the Belfast Natural History Society reflect such changes, although some of the more expensive works were the gift of
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How big the first collections were is unknown but the 1831 figure of 300 insects given when the
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society Museum opened to non-members may refer to specimens on display. The research material would have been much more numerous and expanded rapidly during the
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of which the development of learned societies was a part. One of the most important developments that the
Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularisation. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the
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named
William Darragh (1813–1892). In the first report of the society he wrote an account entitled "Directions for preserving subjects in natural history". This covered birds, tortoises etc., lizards and serpents, fish, shells, corals, seafans etc., crabs, lobsters etc., asterias or starfish,
351:. The building has three stories. In the lower story were the lecture-room and library. Each of the upper stories is a single room, forty-seven feet in length, and twenty-seven feet wide, which housed the public museum. A laboratory was later attached to the lecture room.
434:
With the tumultuous years of 1789–1815, European culture was transformed by revolution, war and disruption. By ending many of the social and cultural props of the previous century, the stage was set for dramatic economic, political and social change of the
239:
and West Africa were acquired by gift. The
Society maintained an excellent library and received many journals from corresponding members of English and continental natural history societies. Notable contributors were
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The
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society Museum at No. 7 College Square North, completed in 1831. The portico is an exact copy of the octagon tower of Andronicus in Athens.
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Fundamenta Prima
PraesentibusSocietatis Historiae Naturalis apud BelfastamSociis, aliisque multis scientiae faventibusqui ad hoc opus pecuniam contulerant:Locavit Vir Honoratissimus
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Ornithologiae
Specimen Novum, sive Series Avium in Ruscinone, Pyrenaeis Montibus, atque in Galliâ Aequinoctiali Observatarum, in Classes, genera & species, novâ methodo, digesta
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340:
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The
Society still exists today retaining ownership of the Old Museum Building, publishing occasional books, and running a lecture series out of the Linen Hall Library.
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547:: Birds or Aves, 1844–1850 12 vol.; Fish or Pisces 1842–1850 16 vol.; Crustaceans or Crustacea 1833–1850 8 vol.; Mammals or Mammalia 1842–1844 4 vol
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where they bear the tag BNHPS collection. The formerly central role of natural history and archaeology diminished from this year on and in 1863 the
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The museum was the first erected in Ireland by public subscription. From its inception in 1831 and for 47 years the Museum employed a curator
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the museum was open to the working classes, at a small charge on Easter Mondays. Recorded figures for Easter Mondays 1845–1853 are:
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was centralising Belfast's rapidly expanding natural history holdings. A new building opened at No. 7 College Square North in 1831.
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both joined. In 1823, the Society's collection and the small collection begun in 1788 in the rooms of the
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Nash, R., 1983. A brief summary of the development of entomology in Ireland during the years 1790–1870
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in 1842 when lectures in chemistry, physics, engineering and were allowed. Specimens remaining in
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Marchio de Donegall IV. Non Maias MDCCCXXX.Rege Augustissimo Georgio IV. Annum Regni XI. Agente.
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Although the focus of the collections was primarily on zoology, botany and geology substantial
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Foster, J.W., 1990 Natural History, Science and Irish Culture. Author: Foster, John Wilson.
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was founded. The fragmentary BNHS minute books (pre-1842) and few letters are in the
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Genera crustaceorum et insectorum, secundum ordinem naturalem ut familias disposita
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Solomon Islands war canoe presented to BNHS by Rear Admiral John Casement in 1898.
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456:, in English, The Animal Kingdom, published by Chez Deterville at Paris; 1832
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gives a notion of an early 19th-century museum, though not a scientific one.
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Digitised Report of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society
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acquisitions were made and in 1835 the Society gained an Egyptian mummy,
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was founded in 1821 to promote the scientific study of animals, plants,
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A plate from William Smith's 1816-1819 work Strata by Organized Fossils
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Many of the collections and some of the books were transferred to the
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Elements of Conchology, or An Introduction to the Knowledge of Shells
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Afbeeldingen der fraaiste, meest uitheemsche boomen en heesters
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On the Polyphony of the Assyrio-Babylonian Cuneiform Writing
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Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne
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A companion to Mr. Bullock's London Museum and Pantherion
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Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History
928:"Jackson, thomas - Dictionary of Irish Architects"
382:donated to the Belfast Natural History Society by
93:Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society
273:Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society
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851:Foster, J. W. and Chesney, H. C. G (eds.), 1977.
510:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne
271:, Dublin in 1843 after the society became the
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685:Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres
465:Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres
463:Justin Pierre Marie Macquart, 1834–1835.
183:next decade. Specimens from England, the
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
835:Dublin University Zoological Association
373:
343:The Museum in 1831. The architects were
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289:Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
82:
34:This article includes a list of general
732:was a favourite book of Charles Darwin.
485:Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet
389:Whilst the members of the Society were
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879:, Volume 9, Number 1 pp. 61–69.
538:Recherches sur les poissons fossiles
526:. Amsterdam, Johannes Allart, 1802 ;
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557:Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg
16:Learned society in Northern Ireland
13:
798:Cobra Mask from Ceylon donated by
768:Bitterns from the BNHPS Collection
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40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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559:Die Waldverderber und ihre Feinde
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285:Belfast Naturalists' Field Club
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474:(4 vols., 1806 1807 1807 1809)
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173:Belfast Academical Institution
1:
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786:collected by Robert Templeton
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700:Ornithologiae Specimen Novum
492:A Natural History of Fossils
315:Georgius Augustus Chichester
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716:A beetle from South America
531:Strata by Organized Fossils
328:; J. Johnston, Redemptore.
155:. Five years later in 1826
115:The Society was founded by
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983:Natural history of Ireland
869:Irish Naturalists' Journal
730:Natural History of Ireland
653:
648:William Thomas Braithwaite
543:Philipp Franz von Siebold
483:Friedrich Wilhelm Martini
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993:Natural history societies
840:Cuvierian Society of Cork
479:Zoographia Rosso-asiatica
490:Emanuel Mendez da Costa
169:Belfast Literary Society
597:Charles Wyville Thomson
165:Belfast Reading Society
157:Alexander Henry Haliday
117:George Crawford Hyndman
55:more precise citations.
908:Cite journal requires
587:Robert Shipboy MacAdam
470:Pierre André Latreille
386:
352:
312:
269:Trinity College Museum
88:
893:"Thomas Jackson - oi"
800:James Emerson Tennent
627:James Emerson Tennent
518:History of Quadrupeds
452:Georges Cuvier, 1829
377:
342:
242:John Obadiah Westwood
121:James Lawson Drummond
86:
966:Dublin Penny Journal
423:1853 – 5,950 persons
420:1852 – 4,200 persons
417:1851 – 4,350 persons
414:1850 – 4,400 persons
411:1849 – 3,500 persons
408:1848 – 2,600 persons
405:1847 – 2,000 persons
402:1846 – 1,700 persons
399:1845 – 1,200 persons
728:William Thompson's
477:Peter Simon Pallas
467:Paris : Roret.
988:History of Belfast
783:Kallima philarchus
592:Thomas Graves R.N.
500:British Conchology
437:Late Enlightenment
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254:Maximilian Spinola
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522:Johannes Allart,
448:. They included:
307:Musei Belfastiani
250:Carl August Dohrn
145:Thomas Dix Hincks
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460:Whitaker, London
442:Thomas Fortescue
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279:are kept in the
167:and that of the
161:William Thompson
133:Robert Patterson
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384:Francis Crozier
380:emperor penguin
378:Specimen of an
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780:Specimen of
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153:Edmund Getty
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129:James McAdam
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872:21:145–150.
698:Plate from
667:Plate from
607:James Bryce
446:Arthur Hill
430:The library
365:antiquarian
345:Thomas Duff
333:taxidermist
201:New Holland
185:West Indies
177:James Bryce
53:introducing
977:Categories
932:www.dia.ie
846:References
602:Ralph Tate
323:T. Jackson
302:The museum
258:John Gould
191:, France,
36:references
217:Mauritius
195:, Italy,
807:See also
498:(1776),
494:(1757),
369:Takabuti
233:Virginia
221:Colombia
105:minerals
969:account
937:14 July
654:Gallery
554:(1745);
533:(1815);
293:Belfast
277:Belfast
209:Sumatra
197:Senegal
189:Lapland
111:History
97:fossils
49:improve
859:
714:Golofa
513:(1789)
502:(1778)
225:Recife
213:Ceylon
193:Greece
175:where
143:, the
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818:1812
291:, in
237:India
101:rocks
939:2017
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