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correctly "Bahistûn," was borrowed by the late Major-General Sir Henry
Creswicke Rawlinson, Bart., G.C. B., from the Arabic geographer Yakût, who mentions the village and its spring, and describes the Rock as being of great height, and refers to the sculptures upon it. The earliest known name of the Rock is that given by Diodorus Siculus, who calls it τό Βαγίστανον ορος, whence, no doubt, are derived the modern forms of the name.
488:
224:
194:
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356:. The inscription states in detail that the rebellions were orchestrated by several impostors and their co-conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom falsely proclaimed himself king during the upheaval following Cambyses II's death. Darius the Great proclaimed himself victorious in all battles during the period of upheaval, attributing his success to the "grace of
661:, obtained photographs, casts and more accurate transcriptions of the texts, including passages that were not copied by Rawlinson. It also became apparent that rainwater had dissolved some areas of the limestone in which the text was inscribed, while leaving new deposits of limestone over other areas, covering the text.
1343:, is very similar to the reliefs at Behistun. The attitude of the ruler, the trampling of an enemy, the lines of prisoners are all very similar, to such extent that it was said that the sculptors of the Behistun Inscription had probably seen the Anubanini relief beforehand and were inspired by it. The
1595:
The name of the Rock is derived from that of the small village of Bîsitûn or Bîsutûn, which lies near its foot. The form of the name "Behistûn" is not used by the modern inhabitants of the country, although it is that by which the Rock is best known among
European scholars. The name "Behistûn," more
616:
of Iran, began studying the inscription in earnest. As the town of
Bisotun's name was anglicized as "Behistun" at this time, the monument became known as the "Behistun Inscription". Despite its relative inaccessibility, Rawlinson was able to scale the cliff with the help of a local boy and copy the
1101:
The site covers an area of 116 hectares. Archeological evidence indicates that this region became a human shelter 40,000 years ago. There are 18 historical monuments other than the inscription of Darius the Great in the
Behistun complex that have been registered in the Iranian national list of
387:
text contains 414 lines in five columns; the
Elamite text includes 260 lines in eight columns, and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines. A copy of the text in Aramaic, written during the reign of Darius II, was found in Egypt. The inscription was illustrated by a life-sized
347:
in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC, the inscription begins with a brief autobiography of Darius, including his ancestry and lineage. Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the death of
967:
1001:
600:
script. Grotefend had deciphered ten of the 37 symbols of Old
Persian by 1802, after realizing that unlike the Semitic cuneiform scripts, Old Persian text is alphabetic and each word is separated by a vertical slanted symbol.
928:
Later in the inscription, Darius provides an eye-witness account of battles he successfully fought over a one-year period to put down rebellions which had resulted from the deaths of Cyrus the Great, and his son
Cambyses II:
1029:
617:
Old
Persian inscription. The Elamite was across a chasm, and the Babylonian four meters above; both were beyond easy reach and were left for later. In 1847, he was able to send a full and accurate copy to Europe.
408:
floats above, giving its blessing to the king. One figure appears to have been added after the others were completed, as was Darius's beard, which is a separate block of stone attached with iron pins and
499:
Context of the inscription (centre) in 2010. A person is visible in the lower left; reaching the inscription requires climbing the steep cliff face in front of them, then traversing a narrow ledge.
1577:
Tavernier, Jan, "An
Achaemenid Royal Inscription: The Text of Paragraph 13 of the Aramaic Version of the Bisitun Inscription", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 161–76, 2001
1246:
1737:
W. King and R. C. Thompson, The sculptures and inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock of Behistûn in Persia: a new collation of the
Persian, Susian and Babylonian texts, Longmans, 1907
935:
2195:
The sculptures and inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock of Behistûn in Persia : a new collation of the Persian, Susian and Babylonian texts, with English translations, etc
404:. Darius is attended to the left by two servants, and nine one-meter figures stand to the right, with hands tied and rope around their necks, representing conquered peoples. A
1278:
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An Attempt at an Outline of the Early Medo-Persian History, founded on the Rock-Inscriptions of Behistun taken in combination with the Accounts of Herodotus and Ctesias
484:
and its successors, and the lapse of Old Persian cuneiform writing into disuse, the nature of the inscription was forgotten, and fanciful explanations became the norm.
3396:
1892:
1764:
W. C. Benedict and Elizabeth von Voigtlander, Darius' Bisitun Inscription, Babylonian Version, Lines 1–29, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 1956
1625:
Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, ancient Babylonia, &c. &c. : during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820, volume 2, Longman, 1821
4144:
2216:, livius.org article by Jona Lendering, including Persian text (in cuneiform and transliteration), King and Thompson's English translation, and additional materials
1234:
4177:
1534:
The rock inscription itself contains no less than 414 lines of Old Persian, 112 lines of Babylonian and 260 lines of Elamite (in an older and a younger version).
3126:
2139:(ed. Seth Sanders. 2nd printing with postscripts and corrections. Oriental Institute Seminars, 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), pp. 33–70.
53:
3325:
1414:
515:, and brought it to the attention of Western European scholars. His party incorrectly came to the conclusion that it was Christian in origin. French General
186:
2311:
1077:
3338:
686:
In 1999, Iranian archeologists began the documentation and assessment of damages to the site incurred during the 20th century. Malieh Mehdiabadi, who was
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2225:
The Behistan inscription of King Darius: translation and critical notes to the Persian text with special reference to recent re-examinations of the rock
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as a sign of kingship, with his left foot on the chest of a figure lying supine before him. The supine figure is reputed to be the pretender
3605:
3389:
3424:
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2116:, A New Hypothesis: The Behistun Inscription as Imperial Calendar, Iran - Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, August 2018
4192:
3198:
2333:
2236:
2141:
2122:, Darius and His Behistun Inscription, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 392–416, 1938
2089:
2006:
1566:
This tri-lingual inscription has 414 lines in Old Persian cuneiform, 260 in Elamite cuneiform, and 112 in Akkadian cuneiform (Bae: 2008)
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in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year (ending in December 521 BC) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the
2265:
1546:
1464:
2209:
2644:
2252:
1799:
1755:
George G. Cameron, The Elamite Version of the Bisitun Inscriptions, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 59–68, 1960
1853:
1746:
George G. Cameron, The Old Persian Text of the Bisitun Inscription, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 47–54, 1951
783:
says: That is why we are called Achaemenids; from antiquity we have been noble; from antiquity has our dynasty been royal. King
2373:
1222:
694:
process by which two-dimensional photos were taken of the inscriptions using two cameras and later transmuted into 3-D images.
1722:
A. V. Williams Jackson, "The Great Behistun Rock and Some Results of a Re-Examination of the Old Persian Inscriptions on It",
363:
The inscription is approximately 15 m (49 ft) high by 25 m (82 ft) wide and 100 m (330 ft) up a
4197:
4187:
3112:
2341:
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2110:, Notes on the Old Persian Inscriptions of Behistun, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 23, pp. 56–64, 1902
1930:
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1968:
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1962:
1924:
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1612:
592:, publishing a copy of the inscription in the account of his journeys in 1778. Niebuhr's transcriptions were used by
4172:
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76:
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In 2012, the Bisotun Cultural Heritage Center organized an international effort to re-examine the inscription.
516:
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278:
697:
In recent years, Iranian archaeologists have been undertaking conservation works. The site became a UNESCO
93:
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2605:
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141:
1607:
E. Denison Ross, The Broadway Travellers: Sir Anthony Sherley and his Persian Adventure, Routledge, 2004,
4182:
3507:
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2743:
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Carsten Niebuhr, Reisebeschreibung von Arabien und anderen umliegenden Ländern, 2 volumes, 1774 and 1778
2860:
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2319:
2080:
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says: Eight of my dynasty were kings before me; I am the ninth. Nine in succession we have been kings.
654:
43:
2042:
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1253:
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1480:
70:. His image was added after the inscription was completed, requiring some of the text to be removed.
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17:
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In the first section of the inscription, Darius the Great declares his ancestry and lineage:
597:
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528:
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3707:
3247:
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2707:
2497:
2135:
Rubio, Gonzalo. "Writing in another tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East". In
2087:. Edited by Sir J. A. Hammerton. Vol. II. New York: Wise and Co., 1937. (pp. 760–767)
1507:
650:
512:
2262:
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The name Behistun is derived from usage in Ancient Greek and Arabic sources, particularly
8:
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85:
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lies under the boot of Darius the Great. The last person in line, wearing a traditional
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Die altpersischen Inschriften der Achaimeniden. Editio minor mit deutscher Übersetzung
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1996:
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1920:
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The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius the Great: On the Rock of Behistûn in Persia
1519:
1486:
1042:
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344:
333:
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and bas relief of Gotarzes II of Parthia and Sheikh Ali khan Zangeneh text endowment
3648:
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1916:
The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State
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2283:
Hyland, John O. (2014). "The Casualty Figures in Darius' Bisitun Inscription".
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says: These are the countries which are subject unto me, and by the grace of
532:
163:
150:
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625:
467:
4013:
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1398:
1192:
1159:
676:
668:, although research plans were cancelled due to the onset of World War II.
508:
397:
3206:
664:
In 1938, the inscription became of interest to the Nazi German think tank
320:, as it is the longest known trilingual cuneiform inscription, written in
3983:
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3514:
3290:
2556:
1367:
1354:
The inscriptional tradition of the Achaemenids, starting especially with
1269:
384:
357:
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321:
282:
270:
1865:
Intl. experts to reread Bisotun inscriptions, Tehran Times, May 27, 2012
4118:
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3797:
3629:
3283:
3257:
3252:
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2513:
2449:
2035:
Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon
1404:
1205:
1150:
1014:
908:
872:
828:
799:
795:
776:
764:
760:
539:
visited the inscription and made preliminary drawings of the monument.
426:
389:
298:
2243:
1477:"Behistun Inscription is a cuneiform text in three ancient languages."
106:
59:
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665:
405:
368:
364:
2383:
2161:
A New Edition of the Elamite Version of the Behistun Inscription (I)
547:
4123:
4099:
3891:
3840:
3835:
3779:
3761:
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3500:
2975:
2916:
1825:"Iran's Bisotoon Historical Site Registered in World Heritage List"
1355:
1066:
1018:
900:
380:
63:
4028:
3942:
3807:
3743:
3720:
2982:
2469:
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1371:
1363:
1344:
1325:
1310:, is very similar in content to the Behistun reliefs (woodprint).
1303:
1240:
Herakles at Behistun, sculpted for a Seleucis Governor in 148 BC.
1189:
1136:
1125:
1084:
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876:
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67:
31:
487:
4058:
4053:
3978:
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3738:
3697:
2938:
2421:
2247:
1696:
Harari, Y.N. (2015). "15. The Marriage of Science and Empire".
1036:
904:
896:
848:
832:
3830:
3812:
3045:
2428:
2142:"Oriental Institute | Oriental Institute Seminars (OIS)"
1850:"Intl. Experts to reread Bisotun inscriptions - Tehran Times"
1119:
864:
860:
856:
852:
495:
372:
2071:
Cameron, George G. "Darius Carved History on Ageless Rock".
1339:, and which is located not far from the Behistun reliefs at
3453:
3353:
3139:
2930:
1992:
Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World
1359:
1088:
955:
836:
613:
410:
302:
294:
4145:
List of cities, towns and villages in Kermanshah Province
1508:"A list of the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions by language"
570:
translation of the Behistun inscription's text, known as
202:
Location of Behistun Inscription in West and Central Asia
2077:. Vol. XCVIII, Num. 6, December 1950. (pp. 825–844)
1800:"Documentation of Behistun Inscription Nearly Complete"
1580:
367:
cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of
2058:
Die Chronologie des Darius-Denkmals am Behistun-Felse
645:
in 1903. Later expeditions, in 1904 sponsored by the
429:, transliterated into English in the 19th century by
2237:
Tolman's English translation of the inscription text
1888:
Behistun, minor inscriptions DBb inscription- Livius
1358:, is thought to have derived from the traditions of
30:"Bisitun" redirects here. For the city in Iran, see
1347:reliefs were the model for the Behistun reliefs of
507:saw the inscription during a diplomatic mission to
58:Punishment of captured impostors and conspirators:
1587:King, L.W.; Thompson, R.C.; Budge, E.A.W. (1907).
1289:
1097:Other historical monuments in the Behistun complex
819:Darius also lists the territories under his rule:
2253:"Bisotun receives its World Heritage certificate"
1586:
1063:Relief of Frâda: "This is Frâda. He lied, saying
4159:
3459:Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region
3134:
1302:, dated to 2300 BC, and made by the pre-Iranian
277:, meaning "the place of god") is a multilingual
4178:Buildings and structures in Kermanshah province
2060:, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1982,
1415:Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
343:sometime between his coronation as king of the
2163:, Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin 2017:003.
641:The site was visited by the American linguist
637:The Behistun Inscription photographed in 2019
620:
433:. The modern Persian version name is Bisotun.
27:Ancient multilingual stone inscription in Iran
3613:
3599:
3120:
2327:
2144:. Oi.uchicago.edu. 2009-06-18. Archived from
1547:"The Bīsitūn Inscription [CDLI Wiki]"
671:The monument later suffered some damage from
3084:2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire
2191:
596:and others in their efforts to decipher the
223:
193:
2192:King, L. W.; Thompson, R. Campbell (1907).
1919:. Cambridge University Press. p. 318.
1011:: "This is Tritantaechmes. He lied, saying
4203:Tourist attractions in Kermanshah province
3606:
3592:
3127:
3113:
2334:
2320:
1995:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
1950:
1689:
1792:
675:soldiers using it for target practice in
4079:Dokan Davood Inscription,Sar Pol-e-Zahab
2092:. Members.ozemail.com.au. Archived from
1988:
1724:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1478:
1401:(Rock reliefs of various Sassanid kings)
1293:
978:: "This is Nidintu-Bêl. He lied, saying
923:
815:Achaemenid empire at its greatest extent
810:
711:
657:and in 1948 by George G. Cameron of the
632:
624:
558:
546:
494:
486:
2285:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History
2137:Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures
2048:Proceedings of the Philological Society
2046:. (Trinity College, Cambridge,) in the
1471:
480:After the fall of the Persian Empire's
14:
4160:
4100:Statue of Herakles in Behistun complex
2282:
2221:
1695:
1638:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology
1634:
1228:Statue of Herakles in Behistun complex
720:according to the Behistun inscription.
542:
457:Full figure of Darius trampling rival
3587:
3108:
2315:
2037:, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2003.
1912:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1699:Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
1324:, also called Sarpol-i Zohab, of the
473:Head of Darius with crenellated crown
4124:Bas relief of Gotarzes II of Parthia
3349:Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
3150:List of World Heritage Sites in Iran
1105:
1102:historical sites. Some of them are:
1039:: "This is Arakha. He lied, saying:
491:Route to inscription at upper right.
1440:List of colossal sculptures in situ
952:: "This is ššina. He lied, saying
612:army assigned to the forces of the
266:
24:
4193:Sculpture of the Ancient Near East
3548:
2958:Persepolis Administrative Archives
1868:
1678:from the original on 18 April 2010
1485:. NJ Berkeley Heights. p. 6.
519:thought it showed "Christ and his
66:hat and costume, is identified as
25:
4219:
2185:
206:Show map of West and Central Asia
3638:
3199:Church of the Holy Mother of God
2382:
2343:
2222:Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1908).
1277:
1261:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1076:
1056:
1028:
1000:
966:
934:
551:Column 1 (DB I 1–15), sketch by
466:
450:
222:
215:
192:
185:
52:
3165:The Armenian Monastic Ensembles
2132:, 1853, vol. xxxiv, p. 74.
2009:from the original on 2020-05-18
1982:
1971:from the original on 2012-05-02
1944:
1933:from the original on 2017-10-12
1906:
1895:from the original on 2020-03-10
1842:
1831:from the original on 2018-12-15
1817:
1781:from the original on 2012-02-03
1775:"BEHISTUN Inscription - Persia"
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1729:
1716:
1664:
1655:
1445:World Heritage Sites by country
1425:Cities of the Ancient Near East
1290:Similar reliefs and inspiration
311:
3535:Cultural Landscape of Uramanat
2399:Achaemenid Persian Lion Rhyton
2274:Rüdiger Schmitt, "Bisotun i",
1802:. Chnpress.com. Archived from
1628:
1617:
1601:
1593:. British museum. p. xi.
1571:
1539:
1499:
1457:
1284:Vologases's relief in Behistun
1132:Statue of Hercules in Behistun
1087:. Label: "This is Skunkha the
806:
13:
1:
4112:Hunters cave,Behistun_complex
4024:The Stone cave Hossein Kuhkan
2655:Scythian campaign of Darius I
2567:Xerxes I's inscription at Van
2257:Cultural Heritage News Agency
2173:, Reichert, Wiesbaden, 2023,
2024:
1333:
1268:Damaged equestrian relief of
946:
855:, the countries by the Sea ,
681:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4198:World Heritage Sites in Iran
4188:Archaeological sites in Iran
2645:Conquest of the Indus Valley
2606:Battle of the Persian Border
2244:Brief description of Bisotun
2074:National Geographic Magazine
1635:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2013).
1553:. 2015-09-06. Archived from
919:; twenty-three lands in all.
690:for the effort, described a
629:Close-up of the inscription.
535:. In 1604, Italian explorer
279:Achaemenid royal inscription
7:
3508:Colossal Statue of Shapur I
3472:Ardashir Investiture Relief
2806:Wars of Alexander the Great
2263:Other monuments of Behistun
1827:. Payvand.com. 2006-07-13.
1377:
802:has granted me the kingdom.
621:Later research and activity
588:visited in around 1764 for
527:thought it represented the
316:). It was important to the
231:Behistun Inscription (Iran)
10:
4224:
3479:Victory Relief of Ardashir
3210:and its cultural landscape
2861:Battle of the Persian Gate
2503:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
2083:. "The Rock of Behistun".
1957:. I.B.Tauris. p. 13.
1951:Wiesehofer, Josef (2001).
1726:, vol. 24, pp. 77–95, 1903
1479:Bramwell, Neil D. (1932).
1313:
728:
724:
707:
655:Reginald Campbell Thompson
610:British East India Company
577:
436:
45:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
4137:
4115:Jamé Mosque of Kermanshah
3996:
3969:
3951:
3928:
3905:
3882:
3859:
3821:
3788:
3770:
3752:
3729:
3706:
3683:
3660:
3647:
3636:
3622:
3560:
3546:
3157:
3146:
3076:
2994:
2898:
2872:
2749:Wars of the Delian League
2585:
2539:
2440:
2391:
2380:
2356:
1989:Eastmond, Antony (2015).
1254:Mithridates II of Parthia
1169:Mithridates II of Parthia
594:Georg Friedrich Grotefend
580:Decipherment of cuneiform
318:decipherment of cuneiform
179:
140:
132:
124:
112:
102:
92:
75:
51:
42:
3685:Eslamabad-e Gharb County
3540:The Persian Caravanserai
2801:Second conquest of Egypt
2632:Siege of Sardis (547 BC)
2478:Palace of Darius in Susa
2207:The Behistun Inscription
1450:
1184:Sheikh Ali khan Zangeneh
1049:. I am king in Babylon."
4173:Achaemenid inscriptions
4082:Tagh e gara,Patagh pass
3930:Salas-e Babajani County
3243:Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
2953:Districts of the Empire
2755:Battle of the Eurymedon
2673:Siege of Naxos (499 BC)
2650:First conquest of Egypt
2297:10.1515/janeh-2013-0001
1506:Tavernier, Jan (2021).
1430:Gaumata (False Smerdis)
1202:Carved Sassanian stones
831:I became king of them:
416:
4061:dakhmeh(Darbad,Sahneh)
4044:Sorkh Deh chamber tomb
3554:
3178:St. Stepanos Monastery
3171:St. Thaddeus Monastery
3068:Seven Achaemenid clans
2840:Siege of Tyre (332 BC)
2826:Siege of Halicarnassus
2812:Battle of the Granicus
2259:, Tehran, July 3, 2008
1311:
1175:Gotarzes II of Parthia
1149:(said to be Palace of
921:
816:
804:
794:says: By the grace of
731:Achaemenid family tree
721:
659:University of Michigan
643:A. V. Williams Jackson
638:
630:
590:Frederick V of Denmark
575:
556:
533:Shalmaneser of Assyria
500:
492:
314: 522–486 BC
4129:Anubanini rock relief
4092:Khaja Barookh's House
4075:Tekyeh Moaven al-molk
3953:Sarpol-e Zahab County
3552:
3530:Trans-Iranian Railway
3454:Historic city of Yazd
3225:Cultural landscape of
2796:Great Satraps' Revolt
2715:Destruction of Athens
2701:Battle of Thermopylae
2552:Old Persian cuneiform
2276:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2230:Vanderbilt University
2081:Thompson, R. Campbell
1913:Potts, D. T. (1999).
1435:Anubanini rock relief
1322:Anubanini rock relief
1316:Anubanini rock relief
1300:Anubanini rock relief
1297:
1017:, from the family of
924:Conflicts and revolts
821:
814:
737:
715:
636:
628:
598:Old Persian cuneiform
562:
553:Friedrich von Spiegel
550:
529:Lost Tribes of Israel
525:Sir Robert Ker Porter
498:
490:
383:, respectively). The
164:34.39056°N 47.43583°E
4168:Behistun Inscription
4104:Emad al doleh Mosque
4039:Essaqwand Rock Tombs
4009:Behistun Inscription
3861:Qasr-e Shirin County
3708:Gilan-e Gharb County
3248:Naqsh-e Jahan Square
3136:World Heritage Sites
3094:Cappadocian calendar
2708:Battle of Artemisium
2613:Lydian-Persian Wars
2562:Behistun Inscription
2374:History of democracy
2159:Saber Amiri Parian,
1407:(Tomb of Pasargadae
651:Leonard William King
608:, an officer of the
503:In 1598, Englishman
247:Behistun Inscription
3615:Kermanshah Province
2890:Peace of Antalcidas
2854:Battle of Gaugamela
2463:Gate of All Nations
2096:on January 13, 2010
2085:Wonders of the Past
1674:. Ancient Scripts.
1083:Behistun relief of
743:says: My father is
699:World Heritage Site
606:Sir Henry Rawlinson
543:Translation efforts
394:Darius I, the Great
297:, near the city of
291:Kermanshah Province
160: /
86:Kermanshah Province
39:
4183:Multilingual texts
4108:Tekyeh Biglarbeygi
3555:
3493:Palace of Ardashir
3397:Hassan Abad Moshir
3344:Dome of Soltaniyeh
3339:Sheikh Safi's Tomb
3185:Chapel of Dzordzor
2744:Babylonian revolts
2694:Battle of Marathon
2660:Greco-Persian Wars
2409:Achaemenid coinage
2268:2016-11-07 at the
2212:2016-03-03 at the
2181:, pp. 9 and 36–96.
1465:"The Arya in Iran"
1389:Darius I of Persia
1312:
1198:Vologases's relief
817:
722:
639:
631:
576:
557:
537:Pietro della Valle
501:
493:
482:Achaemenid Dynasty
444:Darius at Behistun
169:34.39056; 47.43583
37:
4155:
4154:
4088:Ghoori Ghale Cave
4019:Temple of Anahita
3992:
3991:
3790:Kermanshah County
3693:Eslamabad-e Gharb
3581:
3580:
3573:Hyrcanian Forests
3102:
3101:
2769:Battle of Cyzicus
2763:Peloponnesian War
2729:Battle of Plataea
2722:Battle of Salamis
2625:Battle of Thymbra
2498:Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
2350:Achaemenid Empire
2179:978-3-7520-0716-9
2040:Blakesley, J. W.
1709:978-0-06-231610-3
1702:. HarperCollins.
1492:978-0-7660-5251-2
1394:Achaemenid empire
1216:
1215:
679:, and during the
305:, established by
243:
242:
98:Cultural: ii, iii
16:(Redirected from
4215:
4208:Darius the Great
4138:populated places
3658:
3657:
3642:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3524:
3522:Sarvestan Palace
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3486:Ardashir Khurreh
3481:
3474:
3467:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3364:Takht-e Soleymān
3359:Bazaar of Tabriz
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3226:
3211:
3201:
3194:
3192:Chapel of Chupan
3187:
3180:
3173:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3089:Xanthian Obelisk
3062:
3048:
3034:
3020:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2947:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2885:Peace of Callias
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2819:Siege of Miletus
2814:
2790:
2788:Battle of Cnidus
2777:Battle of Cunaxa
2771:
2757:
2738:
2736:Battle of Mycale
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2687:Siege of Eretria
2682:
2675:
2668:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2618:Battle of Pteria
2608:
2601:
2547:Achaemenid music
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:Tombs at Xanthos
2472:
2465:
2458:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2386:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2233:
2203:
2167:Schmitt, Rüdiger
2156:
2154:
2153:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1883:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1852:. Archived from
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1349:Darius the Great
1338:
1335:
1281:
1265:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1106:
1080:
1060:
1032:
1004:
970:
951:
948:
938:
771:; the father of
763:; the father of
755:; the father of
747:; the father of
718:Darius the Great
584:German surveyor
564:Behistun papyrus
470:
454:
423:Diodorus Siculus
341:Darius the Great
315:
313:
307:Darius the Great
268:
235:
234:Show map of Iran
226:
225:
219:
207:
196:
195:
189:
175:
174:
172:
171:
170:
165:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
133:Buffer zone
56:
46:
40:
36:
21:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4133:
4096:Chiyajani Tappe
4070:Do-Ashkaft Cave
3988:
3965:
3947:
3924:
3901:
3884:Ravansar County
3878:
3855:
3817:
3784:
3772:Kangavar County
3766:
3754:Javanrud County
3748:
3725:
3702:
3679:
3643:
3634:
3618:
3612:
3582:
3577:
3556:
3544:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3334:Shahr-e Sukhteh
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3264:Persian gardens
3233:Golestan Palace
3224:
3209:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3153:
3142:
3133:
3103:
3098:
3072:
3058:
3044:
3030:
3016:
2990:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2943:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2894:
2880:Earth and water
2868:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2833:Battle of Issus
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2786:
2767:
2753:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2604:
2599:Battle of Hyrba
2597:
2581:
2535:
2526:
2521:Nereid Monument
2519:
2512:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2436:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2387:
2378:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2270:Wayback Machine
2214:Wayback Machine
2188:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2126:Rawlinson, H.C.
2099:
2097:
2088:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1884:
1869:
1859:
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1843:
1834:
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1823:
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1818:
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1721:
1717:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1641:. Springer US.
1633:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1606:
1602:
1585:
1581:
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1572:
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1558:
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1526:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1409:Cyrus the Great
1384:Behistun palace
1380:
1336:
1318:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1147:Behistun Palace
1139:site of worship
1099:
1092:
1081:
1072:
1061:
1052:
1033:
1024:
1005:
996:
995:
988:. I am king of
971:
962:
961:
949:
939:
926:
809:
733:
727:
710:
692:photogrammetric
688:project manager
623:
586:Carsten Niebuhr
582:
545:
521:twelve apostles
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
471:
463:
462:
455:
446:
445:
439:
431:Henry Rawlinson
419:
310:
239:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
227:
210:
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208:
205:
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203:
199:
198:
197:
168:
166:
162:
159:
154:
151:
149:
147:
146:
71:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4221:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4085:Sarab Niloufar
4083:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3961:Sarpol-e Zahab
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3670:Kerend-e Gharb
3666:
3664:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3465:Qal'eh Dokhtar
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:Gonbad-e Qabus
3235:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2902:
2900:
2899:Administration
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2782:Corinthian War
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2680:Battle of Lade
2676:
2669:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Battle of Opis
2637:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2593:Persian Revolt
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2577:Cyrus Cylinder
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:Tomb of Payava
2524:
2517:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Naqsh-e Rostam
2490:
2488:Persian column
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2291:(2): 173–199.
2280:
2272:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2200:British Museum
2187:
2186:External links
2184:
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2120:A. T. Olmstead
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1013:"I am king of
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2148:on 2014-06-04
2147:
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2108:Louis H. Gray
2106:
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2066:3-525-85116-2
2063:
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2054:Borger, Rykle
2052:
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2008:
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2002:9781107092419
1998:
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1856:on 2012-05-29
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1806:on 2011-09-18
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1672:"Old Persian"
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1648:9781475751338
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1614:
1613:0-415-34486-7
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1557:on 2023-03-25
1556:
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1551:cdli.ox.ac.uk
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1514:(in French).
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19:
4014:Taq-e Bostan
4008:
3823:Paveh County
3553:Flag of Iran
3326:Pahlevanpour
3214:
3148:
2561:
2442:Architecture
2288:
2284:
2224:
2194:
2170:
2150:. Retrieved
2146:the original
2136:
2130:Archaeologia
2129:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2084:
2072:
2057:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2011:. Retrieved
1991:
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1953:
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1915:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1887:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:the original
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1698:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1637:
1630:
1619:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1550:
1541:
1533:
1527:. Retrieved
1515:
1511:
1501:
1481:
1473:
1459:
1399:Taq-e Bostan
1353:
1319:
1210:
1193:caravanserai
1160:caravanserai
1100:
1064:
1040:
1012:
979:
953:
927:
822:
818:
789:
738:
734:
703:
696:
685:
677:World War II
670:
663:
640:
603:
583:
502:
479:
420:
396:, holding a
362:
339:Authored by
338:
274:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
3515:Shapur cave
3446:Ebrahimabad
3012:Mithridatic
2557:Old Persian
2364:Family tree
1368:Babylonians
1332:, dated to
1272:at Behistun
1270:Gotarzes II
976:Nidintu-Bêl
807:Territories
798:am I king;
716:Lineage of
649:and led by
385:Old Persian
358:Ahura Mazda
350:Cambyses II
322:Old Persian
301:in western
283:rock relief
271:Old Persian
167: /
142:Coordinates
116:2006 (30th
113:Inscription
4162:Categories
4119:Godin Tepe
4065:Ghar Parau
4049:Malek Tomb
4034:Ganj Dareh
3920:Mian Rahan
3798:Kermanshah
3630:Kermanshah
3568:Lut Desert
3418:Ghasemabad
3270:Pasargadae
3258:Persepolis
3253:Pasargadae
3032:Cappadocia
3026:Ariarathid
3002:Achaemenid
2963:Royal Road
2910:Pasargadae
2514:Harpy Tomb
2450:Persepolis
2152:2010-04-23
2100:2010-04-23
2090:"Behistun"
2025:References
2013:2019-03-16
1975:2019-03-17
1937:2019-03-15
1899:2020-03-26
1860:2012-04-14
1835:2010-04-23
1810:2010-04-23
1785:2011-07-20
1682:2010-04-23
1561:2023-03-25
1529:2023-03-25
1518:(2): 1–4.
1405:Pasargadae
1206:Royal Road
1151:Khosrau II
1035:Relief of
1007:Relief of
974:Relief of
942:Relief of
909:Sattagydia
873:Cappadocia
861:the Greeks
829:Ahuramazda
800:Ahuramazda
796:Ahuramazda
777:Achaemenes
765:Ariaramnes
761:Ariaramnes
729:See also:
578:See also:
390:bas-relief
330:Babylonian
299:Kermanshah
281:and large
152:34°23′26″N
3938:Tazehabad
3846:Nowdeshah
3411:Akbarabad
3312:Abbasabad
3305:Dolatabad
3007:Pharnacid
2995:Dynasties
2939:Satrapies
2905:Capitals
2873:Diplomacy
2572:Ganjnameh
2305:180763595
1524:0031-8329
1372:Assyrians
1345:Lullubian
1330:Anubanini
1308:Anubanini
1047:Nabonidus
986:Nabonidus
913:Arachosia
889:Chorasmia
881:Drangiana
841:Babylonia
749:Hystaspes
745:Hystaspes
701:in 2006.
666:Ahnenerbe
604:In 1835,
406:Faravahar
369:Babylonia
365:limestone
275:Bagastana
155:47°26′9″E
103:Reference
3892:Ravansar
3841:Bayangan
3836:Banevreh
3780:Kangavar
3762:Javanrud
3675:Gahvareh
3649:Counties
3501:Bishapur
3499:City of
3439:Mozdabad
3404:Goharriz
3376:Ghasabeh
3319:Akbarieh
3215:Behistun
3158:Cultural
3040:Lygdamid
2976:Angarium
2917:Ecbatana
2369:Timeline
2266:Archived
2210:Archived
2007:Archived
1969:Archived
1931:Archived
1893:Archived
1829:Archived
1779:Archived
1676:Archived
1378:See also
1370:and the
1356:Darius I
1157:Ilkhanid
1137:Parthian
1126:Parthian
1122:fortress
1067:Margiana
1019:Cyaxares
1015:Sagartia
901:Gandhara
566:with an
517:Gardanne
381:Ecbatana
334:Akkadian
94:Criteria
77:Location
64:Scythian
18:Behistun
4029:Dinavar
3943:Ezgeleh
3808:Kuzaran
3803:Halashi
3744:Bisotun
3721:Sarmast
3623:Capital
3561:Natural
3383:Baladeh
3298:Shazdeh
3228:Maymand
3077:Related
3060:Armenia
3054:Orontid
2983:Angarum
2945:Armenia
2924:Babylon
2586:Warfare
2540:Culture
2470:Tachara
2456:Apadana
2357:History
1512:Phoenix
1364:Lullubi
1326:Lullubi
1304:Lullubi
1190:Safavid
1085:Skunkha
990:Babylon
905:Scythia
893:Bactria
877:Parthia
869:Armenia
845:Assyria
779:. King
773:Teispes
769:Teispes
757:Arsames
753:Arsames
725:Lineage
708:Content
568:Aramaic
555:(1881).
523:", and
513:Austria
459:Gaumata
437:History
427:Ya'qubi
402:Gaumata
377:Babylon
326:Elamite
289:in the
263:Persian
259:Bisutun
255:Bisitun
251:Bisotun
118:Session
68:Skunkha
60:Gaumāta
32:Bisotun
4059:Median
4054:Hulwan
3997:Sights
3979:Sonqor
3915:Sahneh
3851:Nowsud
3739:Harsin
3698:Homeyl
3653:cities
3617:, Iran
3432:Vazvan
3018:Pontus
2422:Danake
2303:
2248:UNESCO
2177:
2064:
1999:
1961:
1923:
1706:
1645:
1611:
1522:
1489:
1366:, the
1306:ruler
1211:
1120:Median
1041:"I am
1037:Arakha
980:"I am
944:ššina
897:Sogdia
849:Arabia
833:Persia
825:Darius
792:Darius
785:Darius
781:Darius
741:Darius
673:Allied
328:, and
267:بیستون
249:(also
136:361 ha
128:187 ha
88:, Iran
38:Bistun
3984:Satar
3897:Shaho
3874:Sumar
3831:Paveh
3813:Robat
3390:Zarch
3046:Caria
2429:Daric
2301:S2CID
2246:from
1451:Notes
1328:king
1089:Sacan
865:Media
857:Lydia
853:Egypt
823:King
790:King
739:King
574:C2.1.
373:Media
3651:and
3425:Moun
3368:The
3354:Susa
3291:Eram
3262:The
3140:Iran
2931:Susa
2175:ISBN
2062:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1520:ISSN
1487:ISBN
1360:Elam
1320:The
1298:The
1128:town
956:Elam
917:Maka
915:and
885:Aria
837:Elam
775:was
767:was
759:was
751:was
653:and
614:Shah
531:and
425:and
417:Name
411:lead
379:and
371:and
336:).
303:Iran
295:Iran
245:The
125:Area
107:1222
3284:Fin
3207:Bam
3138:in
2392:Art
2293:doi
572:TAD
398:bow
392:of
360:".
293:of
257:or
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2287:.
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2169:.
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947:c.
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903:,
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883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
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683:.
413:.
324:,
312:r.
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269:,
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20:)
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