380:
is enthusiastically deploying beheading as a tactic in 2014, it, too, may find that the tactic backfires. Timothy R. Furnish, as assistant professor of
Islamic History, contrasts the Saudi government executions, conforming to standards that minimize pain, with the non-state actors who have "chosen a
130:
POW up to the camera. Before the subsequent video was taken, 2 Serb POW's (Momir
Mitrović and Predrag Knežević) were captured, subjected to severe beatings and had their hands and feet bound together for hours on end. After beating and torturing the prisoners for hours, the foreign fighter slit the
389:
Some analysts have argued that the beheadings of journalists and aid workers, along with other abductions and executions of independent observers in Syrian war zones, have forced international media to rely exclusively on reporting which is directly or indirectly influenced by rebel and opposition
1052:
Islamic State steps up propaganda videos, beheading another captive, Videotaped atrocities in an attempt to spread fear are nothing new for IS. But it appears to be stepping up its propaganda as world powers start to engage in halting its spread, Dan Murphy, 29 August 2014,
794:
126:. There were several cases of decapitation that happened to POW's, along with being tortured severely before-hand. In the most famous case, there is an amateur video (along with a photo) taken of a foreign fighter decapitating and holding the severed head of a
1045:
786:
357:
856:
1150:
1109:
502:
915:
886:
484:
1019:
996:
614:
1043:
118:
into the
Bosnian Army, and also had quite a bit of internal conflict and strife amongst the two organizations due to differing views on Islam, culture, and politics). The
431:
1068:
236:
that aimed to combat negative perceptions of
Muslims that were allegedly dominating mainstream media coverage, beheaded his wife in 2009 in the offices of Bridges TV.
111:
529:
848:
823:
1142:
1116:
944:
500:
907:
562:
131:
throats of the two Serb POW's and then proceeded to decapitate them, to which after they held the head of one of the POW's up in "celebration".
250:
In
January 2015, a copy of an ISIL penal code surfaced describing the penalties it enforces in areas under its control, including beheadings.
878:
588:
482:
763:
1017:
624:
40:. Their actions have been condemned by militant and other terrorist groups, as well as by mainstream Islamic scholars and organizations.
1188:
711:
655:
376:
initially used beheading as a publicity tool, it later decided that they caused
Muslims to recoil from Islamism and that although
100:, complete with fake identification cards and passports. When they arrived in Bosnia, they formed a volunteer brigade called the
681:
423:
1066:
1193:
377:
787:"Isis publishes penal code listing amputation, crucifixion and stoning as punishments - and vows to vigilantly enforce it"
522:
733:
976:
467:
399:
265:
The beheadings received wide coverage around the world and attracted international condemnation. Political scientist
122:
were notorious for their brutal tactics and ferocious fighting on the battlefield, along with how they treated their
523:"Celso, Anthony N. "Jihadist Organizational Failure and Regeneration: the Transcendental Role of Takfiri Violence.""
816:
65:
228:, shot Lek Pongpla, a Buddhist cloth vendor, beheaded him and left the head outside of the shop. The founder of
190:
158:
49:
25:
17:
936:
390:
groups and in this way allowed the latter to dictate the coverage of events in areas under their control.
1026:
From Daniel Pearl to James Foley: The modern tactic of
Islamist beheadings, Adam Taylor, 21 August 2014,
647:
285:. Beheadings represent a small proportion of a larger total of people killed following capture by ISIL.
1183:
328:
Mainstream
Islamic scholars and organizations around the world, as well as other organizations such as
206:
37:
554:
217:
269:
posited that ISIL may be using well-publicized beheadings as a means of differentiating itself from
185:. Revulsion in the Muslim community led al Qaeda to abandon video beheadings. Groups in Iraq led by
584:
361:
245:
1075:
Why
Beheading Videos Are Back With ISIS, and Why They Went Away, Katie Zavadski, 21 August 2014,
147:
127:
302:
274:
174:
89:
966:
759:
457:
313:
294:
491:"Mujahideen Fighters ‘Cut off Bosnian Serb Soldiers’ Heads'", Balkan Insight, 21 April 2016.
186:
8:
119:
102:
28:
have used beheading as a method of killing captives. Since 2002, ISIS have circulated
1178:
972:
677:
463:
202:
135:
33:
509:"Boy soldier who died for faith made 'saint'", The Daily Telegraph, 24 January 2004.
353:
305:
also beheaded by two
Islamist on the name of Islam over Nupur Sharma's comments on
270:
139:
1072:
1049:
1023:
619:
506:
488:
365:
259:
251:
198:
182:
143:
29:
703:
225:
372:
among both Western and Middle Eastern youth. Other observers argue that while
1172:
849:"5,500 Iraqis Killed Since Islamic State Began Its Military Drive, U.N. Says"
737:
262:, whom the media had referred to as "Jihadi John" before his identification.
21:
615:"From Daniel Pearl to James Foley: The modern tactic of Islamist beheadings"
368:
are intended, and are at least somewhat effective, as a recruiting tool for
224:
minority were beheaded. On 18 July 2005 two terrorists entered a teashop in
358:
International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence
282:
255:
170:
64:(1992–95), anywhere from 500 to 6,000 foreign volunteers (mostly from the
992:
427:
266:
233:
61:
317:
229:
151:
73:
197:, continued the practice. Since 2002, they have been mass circulating
329:
210:
971:. Vol. Prisoners in War. Oxford University Press. p. 551.
908:"Udaipur murder: Who was Kanhaiya Lal? Why was Kanhaiya Lal killed?"
817:"Staffer, Crisis, and Jake Hume. "Balance of Powers: Syria." (2014)"
585:"Online NewsHour Update: Pakistan Convicts Four Men in Pearl Murder"
373:
337:
306:
298:
278:
221:
209:. One of al-Zarqawi's most publicized murders was that of American
178:
85:
1143:"There's more propaganda than news coming out of Aleppo this week"
451:
449:
381:
slow, torturous sawing method to terrorize the Western audience."
341:
107:
77:
704:"Reuters - Thai Buddhist beheaded, another shot in Muslim south"
446:
69:
220:
began to sow fear in attacks where men and women of the local
1089:
Timothy R. Furnish (2005). "Beheading in the Name of Islam".
369:
333:
312:
Over fifty people were beheaded by Islamic terrorists in the
417:
415:
879:"Suspect in teacher's beheading in France was Chechen teen"
194:
123:
421:
181:
drew international attention enhanced by the release of a
412:
937:"Militant Islamists 'behead more than 50' in Mozambique"
424:"Jihadists beheadings sow fear, prompt Muslim revulsion"
455:
258:. Several of the videoed beheadings were conducted by
88:, who were being heavily persecuted. Most came into
1088:
297:, apparently for showing his students cartoons of
1170:
1140:
232:, a Muslim cable channel in originally based in
1115:. Al Jazeera Center for Studies. Archived from
1110:"Arab World Journalism in a Post-Beheading Era"
1107:
422:Sara Hussein and Rita Daou (3 September 2014).
254:have been frequently posted by ISIL members to
76:) travelled to Bosnia (with the support of the
968:Terrorist Beheadings: Politics and Reciprocity
965:Alia Brahami (2010). Sibylle Scheipers (ed.).
608:
606:
142:, a Russian soldier who refused to convert to
1037:
846:
577:
552:
459:Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies
295:a teacher was murdered and beheaded in France
964:
603:
995:. Associated Press/NBC News. 13 May 2004.
462:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 325.
323:
169:The 2002 beheading of American journalist
985:
645:
384:
110:volunteers, and were affiliated with the
80:government at the time) to volunteer for
646:Ignatieff, Michael (November 14, 2004).
347:
161:beheaded 80-200 villagers in Benthalia.
1082:
958:
734:"Beheadings Raise Tensions in Thailand"
517:
515:
1171:
993:"Hezbollah, Hamas denounce beheadings"
847:Cumming-Bruce, Nick (2 October 2014).
797:from the original on 25 September 2015
714:from the original on 24 September 2015
612:
1141:Patrick Cockburn (16 December 2016).
591:from the original on 4 September 2017
565:from the original on 7 September 2018
1108:Thembisa Fakude (10 December 2014).
784:
670:
512:
678:"'Zarqawi' beheaded US man in Iraq"
273:(AQI), and identifying itself with
13:
114:(although they weren't officially
52:date at least to the early 1990s.
48:Modern instances of beheadings by
14:
1205:
1153:from the original on 27 July 2019
999:from the original on 6 March 2017
859:from the original on 27 July 2019
785:Saul, Heather (22 January 2015).
766:from the original on 27 July 2019
684:from the original on 27 July 2019
658:from the original on May 28, 2015
434:from the original on 27 July 2019
400:Islamic State beheading incidents
1189:Psychological warfare techniques
456:James Watson, Anne Hill (2015).
1134:
1101:
1060:
1011:
947:from the original on 2020-11-10
929:
918:from the original on 2022-07-10
900:
889:from the original on 2020-10-17
871:
840:
829:from the original on 2018-09-29
809:
778:
752:
726:
696:
613:Taylor, Adam (21 August 2014).
535:from the original on 2018-12-12
639:
546:
494:
476:
159:Armed Islamic Group of Algeria
1:
1055:The Christian Science Monitor
555:"A Brutal Act's Long History"
553:Steven Mufson (4 July 2004).
405:
344:have condemned the practice.
138:(1994–96), the beheading of
7:
1194:Islamism-related beheadings
393:
26:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
10:
1210:
760:"Beheading Moderate Islam"
243:
43:
680:. BBC News. 13 May 2004.
648:"The Terrorist as Auteur"
216:Since 2004 insurgents in
92:under the guise of being
666:– via NYTimes.com.
430:. Agence France-Presse.
320:in early November 2020.
288:
246:ISIL beheading incidents
239:
164:
84:and fight alongside the
60:At the beginning of the
55:
324:Condemnation by Muslims
148:Russian Orthodox Church
385:Impact on war coverage
275:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
175:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
146:, led some within the
106:along with some local
90:Bosnia and Herzegovina
50:Salafi jihadist groups
18:Salafi jihadist groups
1091:Middle East Quarterly
883:Associated Press News
587:. PBS. 15 July 2002.
362:King's College London
348:Academic perspectives
314:Cabo Delgado Province
150:to venerate him as a
98:freelance journalists
94:volunteer aid workers
762:. 26 February 2009.
627:on 14 September 2014
281:member who beheaded
187:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
1028:The Washington Post
740:on 11 December 2014
559:The Washington Post
173:by Al-Qaeda member
1071:2017-04-24 at the
1048:2019-07-27 at the
1022:2014-09-14 at the
853:The New York Times
652:The New York Times
505:2019-07-27 at the
487:2023-03-30 at the
356:, Director of the
1184:Terrorism tactics
136:First Chechen War
1201:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1122:on 23 March 2019
1121:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1064:
1058:
1041:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
989:
983:
982:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
828:
821:
813:
807:
806:
804:
802:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
736:. Archived from
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
700:
694:
693:
691:
689:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
623:. Archived from
610:
601:
600:
598:
596:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
550:
544:
543:
541:
540:
534:
527:
519:
510:
498:
492:
480:
474:
473:
453:
444:
443:
441:
439:
419:
366:beheading videos
354:Peter R. Neumann
271:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
252:Beheading videos
199:beheading videos
191:Tawhid and Jihad
140:Yevgeny Rodionov
30:beheading videos
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1147:The Independent
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1087:
1083:
1073:Wayback Machine
1065:
1061:
1050:Wayback Machine
1042:
1038:
1032:Chicago Tribune
1024:Wayback Machine
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
991:
990:
986:
979:
963:
959:
950:
948:
935:
934:
930:
921:
919:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
877:
876:
872:
862:
860:
845:
841:
832:
830:
826:
819:
815:
814:
810:
800:
798:
791:The Independent
783:
779:
769:
767:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
732:
731:
727:
717:
715:
702:
701:
697:
687:
685:
676:
675:
671:
661:
659:
644:
640:
630:
628:
620:Chicago Tribune
611:
604:
594:
592:
583:
582:
578:
568:
566:
551:
547:
538:
536:
532:
525:
521:
520:
513:
507:Wayback Machine
499:
495:
489:Wayback Machine
481:
477:
470:
454:
447:
437:
435:
420:
413:
408:
396:
387:
350:
326:
291:
260:Mohammed Emwazi
248:
242:
183:beheading video
167:
58:
46:
12:
11:
5:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1165:
1164:
1133:
1100:
1081:
1059:
1036:
1010:
984:
977:
957:
943:. 2018-08-26.
928:
899:
870:
839:
808:
777:
751:
725:
710:. 2009-06-15.
695:
669:
638:
602:
576:
545:
511:
493:
475:
468:
445:
410:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
395:
392:
386:
383:
349:
346:
325:
322:
290:
287:
244:Main article:
241:
238:
226:South Thailand
218:South Thailand
166:
163:
57:
54:
45:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1195:
1192:
1190:
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1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
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1148:
1144:
1137:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
998:
994:
988:
980:
978:9780191610387
974:
970:
969:
961:
946:
942:
938:
932:
917:
913:
909:
903:
888:
884:
880:
874:
858:
854:
850:
843:
825:
818:
812:
796:
792:
788:
781:
765:
761:
755:
739:
735:
729:
713:
709:
705:
699:
683:
679:
673:
657:
653:
649:
642:
626:
622:
621:
616:
609:
607:
590:
586:
580:
564:
560:
556:
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531:
524:
518:
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508:
504:
501:
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490:
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483:
479:
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469:9781628921489
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461:
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418:
416:
411:
401:
398:
397:
391:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:According to
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
247:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
201:as a form of
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
162:
160:
157:In 1997, the
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
53:
51:
41:
39:
35:
32:as a form of
31:
27:
23:
19:
1155:. Retrieved
1146:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1103:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1062:
1054:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
987:
967:
960:
949:. Retrieved
940:
931:
920:. Retrieved
911:
902:
891:. Retrieved
882:
873:
861:. Retrieved
852:
842:
831:. Retrieved
811:
799:. Retrieved
790:
780:
768:. Retrieved
754:
742:. Retrieved
738:the original
728:
716:. Retrieved
707:
698:
686:. Retrieved
672:
660:. Retrieved
651:
641:
631:21 September
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
618:
595:26 September
593:. Retrieved
579:
567:. Retrieved
558:
548:
537:. Retrieved
496:
478:
458:
436:. Retrieved
388:
351:
327:
311:
303:Kanhaiya Lal
301:. Similarly
292:
283:Daniel Pearl
264:
256:social media
249:
215:
171:Daniel Pearl
168:
156:
133:
115:
101:
97:
93:
81:
59:
47:
15:
1097:(2): 51–57.
718:28 November
438:3 September
428:Yahoo! News
267:Max Abrahms
234:Buffalo, NY
120:El-Mudžahid
103:El-Mudžahid
66:Gulf States
62:Bosnian War
1173:Categories
1126:20 January
951:2020-11-10
922:2022-07-10
893:2023-06-09
833:2015-03-04
793:. London.
744:1 December
539:2015-03-04
406:References
318:Mozambique
230:Bridges TV
207:propaganda
193:and later
74:South Asia
38:propaganda
16:Extremist
1003:10 August
912:DNA India
863:16 August
330:Hezbollah
211:Nick Berg
112:3rd Corps
1179:Jihadism
1151:Archived
1077:New York
1069:Archived
1046:Archived
1020:Archived
997:Archived
945:Archived
916:Archived
887:Archived
857:Archived
824:Archived
795:Archived
764:Archived
712:Archived
682:Archived
656:Archived
589:Archived
563:Archived
530:Archived
503:Archived
485:Archived
432:Archived
394:See also
374:Al Qaeda
364:, viral
340:and the
338:Al-Qaeda
307:Muhammad
299:Muhammad
293:In 2020
279:al-Qaeda
222:Buddhist
179:Pakistan
116:absorbed
86:Bosniaks
78:Croatian
20:such as
708:Reuters
662:June 9,
378:ISIS/IS
342:Taliban
134:In the
108:Bosniak
44:History
1157:9 June
975:
801:9 June
770:9 June
688:9 June
569:9 June
466:
277:, the
203:terror
152:martyr
72:, and
70:Levant
68:, the
34:terror
1120:(PDF)
1113:(PDF)
941:Yahoo
827:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
370:jihad
334:Hamas
289:2020s
240:2010s
165:2000s
144:Islam
124:POW's
82:jihad
56:1990s
1159:2023
1128:2017
1005:2016
973:ISBN
865:2015
803:2023
772:2023
746:2014
720:2014
690:2023
664:2023
633:2014
597:2013
571:2023
464:ISBN
440:2014
205:and
195:ISIL
128:Serb
96:and
36:and
24:and
22:ISIS
360:at
316:of
177:in
1175::
1149:.
1145:.
1095:12
1093:.
939:.
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910:.
885:.
881:.
855:.
851:.
822:.
789:.
706:.
654:.
650:.
617:.
605:^
561:.
557:.
528:.
514:^
448:^
426:.
414:^
336:,
332:,
309:.
213:.
189:,
154:.
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1130:.
1079:.
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1007:.
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896:.
867:.
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442:.
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