Battle of Wood Lake

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army had "spy-glasses" and had probably already seen them, and were ready with their big guns. Two Stars ridiculed Little Crow's plan and said it was cowardly, "so cowardly as to be unworthy of a Dakota brave and of the great chief who proposed it." He also said that attacking at night would mean they would not have the support of the "friendlies": "I do not think your attack is a good one, because if the attack is made at night, only part of us will go, and many will not go. Your plan would therefore fail." Renville and Two Stars deliberately prolonged the debate, trying to delay the attack until morning, when they would have a better chance of warning Sibley's troops.

2845: 1079:, after which he joined Sibley's army. Another was Simon Anawangmani, who had stayed in Sibley's camp after helping Mrs. John Newman and her three children escape to Fort Ridgely on September 11. During the battle, Anawangmani ran onto the battlefield waving a white flag as he tried to coax Dakota fighters into defecting. At one point Anawangmani approached his own son and was quickly surrounded by "hostiles" who debated killing him, but was protected by some of his own men who were there. Both Otherday and Anawangmani are commemorated by the Faithful Indians' Monument next to the Birch Coulee State Monument. 681:

road, and when the head of his column had reached the farther end of the line of our first division, our men would open fire. The men in the ravine would then be in the rear of the whites and would begin firing on that end of the column. The men from behind the hill would rush out and attack the flank, and then we had horsemen far out on the right and left who would come up. We expected to throw the whole white force into confusion by the sudden and unexpected attack, and defeat them before they could rally. I think this was a good plan of battle... We felt this would be the deciding fight of the war."

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facing the ravine occupied by Dakota forces. Marshall stated in his report, "Gradually advancing the line, the men keeping close to the ground and firing as they crawled forward, I gained a good position from which to charge the Indians. Here we were joined by Captain Grant's company of the Sixth Regiment, and charged, successfully dislodging the Indians." Leaving behind two companies with the artillery, Marshall led his men to pursue the Dakota forces beyond the ravine until they were recalled by Sibley and instructed to gather up the bodies of the fallen Dakota.

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wounding several others. Big Eagle explained that some of the wagons were not on the road, and were headed straight at the Dakota warriors as they lay waiting in the grass; the men in position had no choice but to get up and fire to avoid being run over. George Quinn (Wakandayamani), who was in the ravine in a line crossed by the foraging soldiers, recalled that "a dog with the soldiers barked at our men as they lay in the grass and so they were discovered."

181: 957:"Seven hundred picked warriors whipped by the cowardly whites. Better run away and scatter out over the plains like buffalo and wolves. To be sure, the whites had big guns and better arms than the Indians and outnumbered us four or five to one, but that is no reason we should not have whipped them, for we are brave men while they are cowardly women. I cannot account for the disgraceful defeat. It must be the work of traitors in our midst." 2852: 928:

leaders who had fled north. The U.S. victory at Wood Lake also paved the way for 269 prisoners – nearly all women and children, many of whom had been held hostage for more than five weeks – to be released at Camp Release, and for many Dakota warriors to surrender with the understanding that Sibley would only punish those who had participated in murdering innocents. For his part in the battle, Sibley was later promoted to

1037:, 38 to 45 Renville Rangers, 28 mounted citizen guards, and 16 citizen-artillerists. The adjutant general of Minnesota, in his official report after the battle, stated: "As the hottest of the enemy's fire was borne by the Third Regiment and the Renville Rangers, the heaviest part of the loss was confined to those troops." A large number of U.S. soldiers were held in a position of defense and did not engage in battle. 962:

Anticipating an attack, the "friendlies" had dug trenches in the center of their lodges, in which they hid the prisoners for protection. Little Crow had initially sympathized with those who wanted to attack, but wished above all else to avoid a tribal civil war against his relatives. According to Antoine Joseph Campbell, Little Crow also concluded that it would do no good to harm any more white civilians, saying:

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line over which we had just moved, was disordered and independent, each man doing his best... A continuous fusillade was poured into their converging ranks... Our line of retreat lay down a descent to the creek we had crossed, with rolling hills on either side, and here was pandemonium itself, – with Indians to the right of us, Indians to the left of us, Indians behind us, charging and yelling."

882:: "The Indians that were in the fight did well, but hundreds of our men did not get into it and did not fire a shot. They were out too far. The men in the ravine and the line connecting them with those on the road did the most of the fighting. Those of us on the hill did our best, but we were soon driven off... The whites drove our men out of the ravine by a charge and that ended the battle." 746:, who fought in the battle as a non-commissioned officer, later conceded, "I may as well state here that the Third, galled by a humiliating surrender at Murfreesborough, Tenn., by a recreant and cowardly commander, had lost in a great measure their former high discipline, and were quite unruly, anxious only to redeem in the field their wounded honor." 578:. One of the leaders of the fight, Rattling Runner (Rdainyanka), son-in-law of Chief Wabasha, agreed that this was the best plan and said that they should "lie still" that night and attack at daylight. Strung out along the road, the troops would be in a long, poorly defended column as they marched. Upon learning that Sibley's troops had thrown up 849:

came nearly to a hand-to-hand encounter. Fourteen or fifteen were here killed and fell into our hands, they having no time to carry them away... Above the din of musketry and the warwhoops of the Indians, I remember the hoarse voice of Sergt. J. M. Bowler, roaring like a madman: 'Remember Murfreesborough! Fight, boys! Remember Murfreesborough!'"

517:, Wakute and Taopi had managed to smuggle a separate letter to Sibley, voicing their opposition to the war and offering their assistance. Sibley responded by assuring the chiefs: "I have not come into this upper country to injure any innocent person...but to punish those who have committed cruel murders upon innocent men, women and children." 555:, Louis Robert or Nathan Myrick, or the American flag. While hundreds of soldiers marched willingly, many more went because they felt under duress from the soldiers' lodge headed by Cut Nose (Marpiya Okinajin); they were also joined by a contingent from the "friendly" Dakota camp who sought to prevent a surprise attack on Sibley's army. 971:

to release the remaining captives in his camp. Little Crow agreed, and Campbell later reported that 46 captives had been released to him, but some of Little Crow's followers ignored his orders and kept captives for several months afterwards. Little Crow had shamed some of the men who resisted into releasing their hostages, saying:

529: 498: 811:"rode out a short distance from a mounted group, and, swinging his blanket above his head, gave the war-whoop, when an answering yell rang from the prairie, and scores of Indians, not before seen, rose from the grass, 'until,' as one who was present states, 'the whole prairie seemed to be alive with them.'" 1119:

quietly sent word for the "friendly" Dakota who did not actually intend to fight to gather in a ravine further west, where they slept. In the morning, while the "hostiles" were fighting in the Battle of Wood Lake, Solomon Two Stars and the other "friendlies" headed back to their camp, which was 12 to

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to Brown's mother, Susan Frenier Brown, in his presence. The number had been determined by counting sticks which had been handed out to each warrior on the road leading to the battleground, which were then collected at "Yellow Medicine bottoms," a few miles from where the battle took place. Historian

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Antoine Joseph Campbell delivered a final message from Colonel Sibley demanding Little Crow's unconditional surrender, to which Taoyateduta "laughed derisively" and said, "The long merchant Sibley would like to put the rope around my neck, but he won't get the chance." Campbell then asked Little Crow

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Once they had retreated back across the creek, the men of the 3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment were joined by forty Renville Rangers, a unit of "nearly all mixed-bloods" under Lieutenant James Gorman, sent by Sibley to reinforce them. Sibley's men made a stand on the plateau between the ravine and the

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Once the preparations were complete, Little Crow, Big Eagle and the other chiefs went to the hill to the west so they would have a better view of the fighting. Meanwhile, Dakota fighters lay in the grass along the side of the road with tufts of grass woven into their headdresses for disguise, waiting

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Although the safety of the prisoners was paramount to him, Sibley refused to negotiate with Little Crow. Based on intelligence shared by the "mixed blood" messengers who had delivered Little Crow's letters, Sibley understood that many Dakota were increasingly disillusioned with Little Crow, that some

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wrote in a letter to his wife that the Dakota had received "a severe blow" and that he was confident they "will not dare to make another stand." The battle marked the end of organized warfare for the Dakota in Minnesota, although conflict would continue the following year as Sibley pursued the Sioux

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Chief Mankato had been killed by a cannonball that he refused to dodge. According to Big Eagle, "Mankato was killed here, and we lost a very good and brave war chief. He was killed by a cannon ball that was so nearly spent that he was not afraid of it, and it struck him in the back, as he lay on the

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recalled, "Our thorough drill in the South showed here to good advantage; our skirmish line moved steadily forward, firing rapidly, forcing the enemy back toward the bluffs of the Minnesota river." From the standpoint of the reserve, he could see that the Dakota warriors "formed a semi-circle in our

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Big Eagle was confident that the plan would work: "Our concealed men would not have been discovered. The grass was tall, and the place by the road and the ravine were good hiding places. We had learned that Sibley was not particular about sending out scouts and examining the country before he passed

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A council was held to discuss the plan of attack. Little Crow sought to motivate the warriors by saying, "We are many and strong. This plan will not only secure for us an easy victory but lots of plunder, especially provisions. Remember the starving ones at home." He proceeded to argue that Sibley's

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Although Sibley's troops found and buried only 14 Dakota warriors on the battlefield, Antoine Joseph Campbell, who was at Little Crow's side through much of the war, later reported that closer to 30 Dakota had been killed. The casualties included Chief Mankato and Killing Hawk, who were both killed

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The 3rd Minnesota advanced about one mile from the camp until Colonel Sibley, fearing disaster, sent an officer to order them to retreat, creating significant confusion. Welch at first refused, but relented as more Dakota fighters appeared, and the officer returned with direct orders to "positively

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About half a mile from camp, after crossing the bridge over the creek to the other side of the ravine and going about a hundred yards over the high prairie, their lead wagon was attacked by a squad of 25 Dakota warriors who sprung up and began shooting, mortally wounding Private Degrove Kimball and

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later explained: "At the point determined on we planned to hide a large number of men on the side of the road. Near the lake, in a ravine formed by the outlet, we were to place another strong body. Behind a hill to the west were to be some more men. We thought that when Sibley marched out along the

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erroneously listed Joseph Paro (Perrault) as having been killed at Wood Lake; the man killed belonging to the Rangers was Ernest Paul (name printed incorrectly as "Pole"). The commission's Report on the Battle of Wood Lake states that a total of 34 U.S. soldiers were wounded, many seriously, while

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The bodies of fourteen Dakota were buried by Sibley's troops on the field of battle. According to Big Eagle, the Dakota "lost fourteen or fifteen men killed and quite a number wounded. Some of the wounded died afterwards, but I do not know how many. We carried off no dead bodies, but took away all

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On the extreme left, Sibley ordered Major Robert N. McLaren with Company F from the 6th Regiment under Captain Horace B. Wilson to "double-quick around the south side of the little lake near the camp, and take possession of a ridge overlooking a ravine" about one mile away, where a large number of

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with Company H of the 7th Regiment, who had been on guard, to place half his men in the rifle-pits that had been dug to protect the camp, and to advance the rest of his men as skirmishers on the extreme right of their line. Marshall lengthened his line to the right of the gun and slightly forward,

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and Solomon Two Stars, two leaders from the "friendly" Dakota camp who had refused to participate in previous battles, argued vehemently against the plan. Renville said that he had been up to the same bluff and that there were far more troops than Little Crow had said. He pointed out that Sibley's

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In Sibley's official report on September 23, 1862, he stated: "The battle raged for about two hours, the six-pounder and the mountain howitzer being used with great effect, when the Indians, repulsed at all points with great loss, retired with precipitation. I regret to state that many casualties

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Ignoring Sibley's orders to retreat, the men of the 3rd Minnesota once again turned north. According to Champlin, "At this time, Lieutenant Olin of the Third, with about fifty men, made a wild charge...completely routing those in our front. This charge was so sudden and unexpected by them that we

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Champlin recounted: "The reserve about-faced; the skirmishers on the right came running in on the reserve. Sergeants McDonald and Bowler on the left kept the line of skirmishers steady, fighting their way back to the reserve. The battle from this point, about one mile from the camp, back over the

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Private William McGee of Company G sprang out of the lead wagon and returned fire; the soldiers in the rear wagons started shooting; and the Battle of Wood Lake had begun. Big Eagle said, "This brought on the fight, of course, but not according to the way we had planned it. Little Crow saw it and

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In referring to "traitors in our midst," it was clear that Little Crow was accusing the "friendly" Dakota. A few Mdewakantons argued that the "hostile" Dakota should attack the "friendly" Dakota camp, which had rescued most of the white and "mixed-blood" prisoners during the Battle of Wood Lake.

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The new recruits that Sibley had managed to organize were woefully lacking in experience, and he faced shortage of food, guns, ammunition and clothing. Many of these supplies finally reached Sibley's forces between September 11 and 14. On September 19, after two days of heavy rain, Sibley left

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for having state-level significance under the themes Archaeology/Historic-Aboriginal, Archaeology/Historic-Non-Aboriginal, Ethnic Heritage/Native American, and Military. It was nominated as the final engagement of the Dakota War of 1862, a watershed period for the state of Minnesota and the

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Dakota who had been an advocate of peace, had tried to cross over to Simon Anawangmani carrying a flag of truce during the fighting, but his leg was blown off by a cannonball. Mazomani was carried away from the battlefield to his camp, where he died from his wounds the following morning. The

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Sibley decided not to pursue the Dakota forces as they retreated, as "he lacked the cavalry to make a vigorous pursuit." Big Eagle later recalled, "We retreated in some disorder, though the whites did not offer to pursue us. We crossed a wide prairie, but their horsemen did not follow us."

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Upon learning that some of the fourteen fallen Dakota had been scalped by his soldiers, Colonel Sibley "expressed his stern disapproval and promised severe punishment to any men who repeated such treatment," writing: "The bodies of the dead, even of a savage enemy shall not be subjected to

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It was the last major battle fought by the Dakota, many of whom were already disillusioned with Little Crow's leadership. Upon returning to camp on September 23, Little Crow was described as "despondent" and "almost heart broken." Outside his lodge, he gave a bitter speech, recounted by

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In 1907 or 1908, the Minnesota Commission on the Wood Lake Battlefield reported that in addition to the four U.S. soldiers buried in the field, three more had been mortally wounded and died soon afterward, for a total of seven U.S. soldiers killed. Four soldiers from the

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hinted to Sibley that he might be willing to negotiate the release of the "one hundred and fifty-five prisoners" whom they had treated "just as well as us." His letter ended with a question: "I want to know from you as a friend, what way that I can make peace for my

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The leaders of Little Crow's soldiers' lodge struggled to arrive at a consensus. However, Solomon Two Stars had suggested that it was better to attack Sibley's soldiers from close range when they were marching, as it was a battle tactic that had worked well for the

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As the 3rd Regiment retreated across the creek and regained the steep bank of the ravine toward their camp, Major Welch was struck by a ball and broke his leg, and was carried one-quarter mile back to camp, then left on a hill to where he could watch the fighting.

721:, on July 13, 1862, when Colonel Henry C. Lester had decided to surrender instead of going to the aid of one of their detachments which had been attacked. The vast majority of the regiment disagreed with the surrender. The 3rd Minnesota was then sent to 804:

front, and to right and left, moving about with great activity, howling like demons, firing and retreating, their quick movements seeming to multiply their numbers. We were whipping them in fine shape, driving them back over the undulating prairie."

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army could be taken easily if they surrounded the camp under the cover of darkness and stated, "I have just been to the edge of the bluff and looked over and saw to my astonishment but a few tipis there; only five officers' tents."

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Reveille at Sibley's campsite was sounded at 4 am on September 23, "in order to march early and to be ready for any emergency." The Dakota forces lying in wait had expected Sibley's troops to start marching early in the morning.

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to fortify the campsite, the leaders of the "hostile" Dakota soldiers' lodge finally agreed that it was unsafe to attack them at the lake at night, and developed a plan to attack the troops on the road early in the morning.

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to command it; Pope himself finally reached Minnesota on September 16. Stanton told Pope to "employ whatever force may be necessary" to defeat the Dakota. Pope, anxious to vindicate himself following his defeat at the

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joined the "friendly" Dakota camp in the days that followed on the basis of Sibley's earlier promise that only those who had participated in the murder of settlers would be punished. The "friendly" Dakota camp led by

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and the Dakota chiefs carefully moved their soldiers into position, often with a clear view of Sibley's troops, who were unaware of their presence. Big Eagle recalled, "We could hear them laughing and singing."

2579: 2809: 2679: 2639: 2434: 2744: 2694: 2569: 2509: 2489: 2429: 2935: 2659: 2644: 2599: 2534: 2514: 2459: 2419: 2375: 753:, and had nearly run out by the time they reached Lone Tree Lake. On the morning of the September 23, a group of 3rd Regiment soldiers took it upon themselves to venture out to replenish their supply. 2794: 2764: 2719: 2674: 2539: 2524: 2504: 2464: 2444: 608:. (Historians have concluded that "the battle was simply named for the largest lake in the vicinity," Wood Lake, which is about three miles southwest of the battle site. In his narrative of the war, 604:

On September 22, Colonel Sibley's troops had camped east of Lone Tree or Battle Lake, a small lake drained by a creek running northeast to the Minnesota River, about five miles north of what is now

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to the right of the initial attack and toward the Dakota forces, which were quickly gathering in number. About half the regiment was held as a reserve; the rest advanced as a line of skirmishers.

2876: 2866: 2779: 2749: 2649: 2499: 2439: 2409: 2784: 2734: 2729: 2704: 2689: 2609: 2589: 2479: 2469: 2454: 1173:, have acquired and preserved 240 acres of the Wood Lake battlefield. A one-acre roadside commemorative area containing a granite obelisk monument is owned by the Minnesota Historical Society. 1135:

revised his estimate of the number of Dakota who fought in the Battle of Wood Lake, stating that "the hostiles actually engaged in the fight were nearly five hundred instead of three hundred."

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and a six-pounder artillery piece under Captain Hendricks, to advance to the north side of the camp; he also ordered two companies from the 6th Minnesota Infantry Regiment to reinforce them.

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By the time Sibley and his troops had reached Lone Tree Lake on September 22, they were running very low on food. Famished, it was no wonder that several members of the "unruly"

2368: 1165:, and for embodying early commemoration efforts of 1907–1910, culminating in the stone monument. The Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association, in partnership with the 1663: 875:

Dakota were positioned for a flanking attack. There, Captain Wilson was wounded in the shoulder, but the company kept the Dakota party at bay and finally drove them back.

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veterans. However, the 3rd Minnesota had lost most of their officers who were still held prisoner by the Confederates, except for Lieutenant Rollin C. Olin. Upon reaching

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it. He had a number of mounted men, but they always rode together, at the head of the column, when on a march, and did not examine the ground at the sides of the road."

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The Battle of Wood Lake was a decisive victory for the United States, with heavy casualties inflicted on the Dakota. After the battle on September 23, 1862, Colonel

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15 miles away. The friendlies rescued prisoners from the "hostile" camp during the battle and prepared for possible combat with the hostiles upon their return.

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With the outbreak of the Dakota War, the men of the 3rd Minnesota saw an opportunity to prove themselves, and Colonel Sibley had high hopes for his experienced

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estimated that "hundreds" did not get involved or fire a single shot during the actual battle, simply because they were too far out. In his report to General

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and other leaders had taken a growing number of "white" and "mixed-blood" captives under their protection, finally releasing them to Colonel Sibley's army at

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Terrell, Michelle M. (2010-05-26). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Wood Lake Battlefield Historic District". National Park Service.

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The Dakota battle plan was to attack Sibley's troops as they were marching a mile or more to the northwest of the lake, along the road leading to the

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A total of 738 men were counted when they reached a point a few miles from Lone Tree Lake, where they had learned that Sibley's army had set up camp.

486:, Colonel Sibley had left a message for Little Crow in a cigar box attached to a stake in the battleground, opening a dialogue between the two camps. 1542:

Robertson, Thomas A. (1917). "Chapter IX, Narrative 2 (Thomas A. Robertson's Reminiscences)". In Anderson, Gary Clayton; Woolworth, Alan R. (eds.).

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occurred on our side...Four of our men were killed and between thirty-five and forty were wounded, most of them, I rejoice to hear, not seriously."

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With Sibley unwilling to open talks unless he released the prisoners, Little Crow became increasingly aware that he was running out of options.

1960:

Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the United States During the Civil War, 1861–1865 (Compiled From Official Records)

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After repeated pleas from Governor Ramsey, the U.S. government started to take the conflict in Minnesota more seriously. On September 6, 1862,

1604:

Two Stars, Solomon (1901). "Chapter IX, Narrative 7 (Solomon Two Stars's Testimony)". In Anderson, Gary Clayton; Woolworth, Alan R. (eds.).

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Brown, Samuel J. (1897). "Chapter IX, Narrative 1 (Samuel J. Brown's Recollections)". In Anderson, Gary Clayton; Woolworth, Alan R. (eds.).

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The "hostile" Dakota camp packed up and dispersed. Chief Little Crow and 150 to 250 followers fled to the northern plains, including Chiefs

1823: 777:

left camp in four or five wagons, driven by teamsters with four men in each wagon, in an unauthorized trip to forage for potatoes at the

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Minnesota Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian Wars, Charles E.; Flandrau, eds. (1890–93).

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Seeing that Dakota forces were now passing down the ravine to try to outflank their men on the right, Sibley ordered Lieutenant Colonel

2945: 2930: 2342: 1034: 1030: 966:" bad policy, for the whites will then follow us to the end of the earth and give us no peace... It would be cruel and cowardly too." 351:. The two-hour battle, which actually took place at nearby Lone Tree Lake, was a decisive victory for the U.S. forces led by Colonel 1896:. In Minnesota Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian Wars; Flandrau, Charles E. (eds.). 1402:. In Minnesota Board of Commissioners on Publication of History of Minnesota in Civil and Indian Wars; Flandrau, Charles E. (eds.). 1108:

Gary Clayton Anderson notes that "Even so, the Mdewakantons seemed to know that many of those men were going simply to placate the

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were killed also. According to the Minnesota Commission on the Wood Lake Battlefield and the Renville Rangers/Pioneer Association,

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was at the right rear behind the creek's ravine. All units and the wagon train and artillery were partially enclosed by trenches.

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In total, there were an estimated 10 to 20 Dakota and "mixed blood" men serving in Sibley's command as scouts. One of them was

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and would reach the area below Yellow Medicine around September 21. Runners were reporting Sibley's movements every few hours.

1986: 1925: 1613: 1551: 1517: 1306: 1264: 1202: 1726: 975:"Let them alone. Too many women and children have been killed already. If you had killed only men, we could make peace now." 2384: 1153: 506:

of his own warriors had plotted to kill him, and that the divisions among the Dakota would likely work to his advantage.

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our wounded." However, George Quinn (Wakandayamani) later noted, "Mankato's body was buried back at our camp, I think."

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to be paroled; the regiment was part of a formal prisoner exchange on August 27, 1862, and was sent back to Minnesota.

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The shots were heard from the campsite. Not waiting for orders from Sibley, Major Abraham E. Welch led 200 men of the

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The leader of Quinn's party, Killing Hawk, was killed and eight more of the thirteen men in their squad were shot.

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camp, with the Dakota warriors "taking advantage of the low hills bordering the narrow intervals along the creek."

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were killed on the battlefield or mortally wounded; one Renville Ranger was killed; and one soldier each from the

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Henry Sibley to lead the army, in scathing newspaper editorials that accused Sibley of excessive sympathy for the

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On the morning of September 22, Little Crow's soldiers' lodge ordered all able-bodied men to march south to the

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Renville, Gabriel (1905). "A Sioux Narrative of the Outbreak of 1862, and of Sibley's Expedition of 1863".

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on the morning on September 23, unwittingly triggering what came to be known as the Battle of Wood Lake.

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The 3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment had acquired potatoes as they had passed through farmland at the

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Instead, at about 7 am, while other units were still having breakfast, a group of soldiers from the

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Massacre in Minnesota: The Dakota War of 1862, the Most Violent Ethnic Conflict in American History

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Location of the positions of the Dakota along the bluffs north of the Minnesota Volunteers' camp

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valley. Estimates of the size of his command at this time range from 1,450 to 1,619 men.

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Sibley planned to meet Little Crow's forces further north, in the open plains above the

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historian Gary Clayton Anderson estimates that the number of wounded was closer to 50.

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were criticized heavily for their failure to act more swiftly to protect them. Many

1512:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press (published 1988). pp. 222–223. 1406:. St. Paul, Minn.: Printed for the state by the Pioneer Press Co. pp. 147–197. 1116: 989: 889:

Mankato was killed by a cannonball at the Battle of Wood Lake on September 23, 1862

885: 800: 743: 566: 405: 397: 301: 291: 167: 180: 1718: 1664:"A Sioux Story of the War: Chief Big Eagle's Story of the Sioux Outbreak of 1894" 937: 836: 605: 548: 460: 311: 1072: 2010:. St. Paul, Minn.: Printed for the state by the Pioneer Press Co. p. 456. 1608:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press (published 1988). p. 243. 1546:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press (published 1988). p. 229. 2924: 1162: 733: 639: 613: 596: 575: 536:

Little Crow (Taoyateduta) received word that Sibley's troops had reached the

448: 431: 421: 356: 187: 139: 114: 94: 81: 528: 489:

In a letter written for him by Antoine Joseph Campbell around September 10,

1979:

Through Dakota Eyes: Narrative Accounts of the Minnesota Indian War of 1862

1582:. Ross & Haines; South Dakota Historical Collections. pp. 294–295. 1544:

Through Dakota Eyes: Narrative Accounts of the Minnesota Indian War of 1862

1510:

Through Dakota Eyes: Narrative Accounts of the Minnesota Indian War of 1862

612:

suggested that the reason for the battle being "misnamed" was that the old

456: 416:

supporters of Governor Ramsey questioned his choice of former governor and

2383: 2951:

National Register of Historic Places in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota

1104: 984: 808: 685: 514: 510: 490: 364: 360: 144: 2128: 1867: 1851: 1698: 1682: 1103:, 738 Dakota had reached the Wood Lake battlefield as reported by Chief 497: 1719:"Minnesota's State War and the Battle of Wood Lake, September 23, 1862" 2099: 2332: 2070: 1124: 1004: 879: 722: 718: 677: 643: 609: 447:, proceeded to put pressure on Sibley to move forcefully against the 401: 225: 175: 2256:, American Battlefield Protection Program, p. 13, December 2010 616:

name for Lone Tree Lake had been "M'da-chan," meaning "Wood Lake".)

1115:

Furthermore, at the conclusion of the war council on September 22,

2936:

Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War

1963:. United States Military Secretary's Department. 1906. p. 18. 2349:

CWSAC Report Update and Resurvey: Individual Battlefield Profiles

1900:. St. Paul, Minn.: Printed for the state by the Pioneer Press Co. 1832:. St. Paul, Minn.: Printed for the state by the Pioneer Press Co. 1337:

Collins, Loren W.; Champlin, Ezra T.; Holl, Mathias (1907–1908).

451:, but struggled to secure more troops to support the war effort. 1301:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 59–63. 347:

occurred on September 23, 1862, and was the final battle in the

477: 1091:

erected a historical marker at Mazomani's gravesite in 1984.

1197:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 83. 1123:

Of the Dakota who remained with Little Crow's forces, Chief

983:, Red Middle Voice and Medicine Bottle II. Meanwhile, other 1339:"Report on the Battle of Wood Lake (submitted to Governor)" 424:

due to his extensive personal and business ties with them.

2129:"About the Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association" 654:. His plan for the following day was to "cross the wooded 638:, where he believed his better equipped forces with their 2310:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. 1977:

Anderson, Gary Clayton; Woolworth, Alan R., eds. (1988).

1152:

On July 30, 2010, the battlefield site was listed on the

459:

with his entire command as they began their march up the

367:

quietly joined the "friendly" Dakota camp started by the

1336: 1017:

Units involved in the Battle of Wood Lake include: the

2254:

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service

2059:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 390. 650:

would have an advantage against the Dakota with their

1348:. Minnesota Commission on the Wood Lake Battlefield. 1066: 700: 2895:

History of the National Register of Historic Places

1918:

The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War

1195:

The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War

943: 665: 623:camped along the crest south of the creek, and the 2303: 1920:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 64. 1662:Big Eagle, Jerome; Holcombe, R.I. (July 1, 1894). 2156: 2008:Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861–1865 1976: 1661: 1012: 814: 2922: 1981:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. 1898:Minnesota in the civil and Indian wars 1861–1865 1830:Minnesota in the civil and Indian wars 1861–1865 1472:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. 1404:Minnesota in the civil and Indian wars 1861–1865 388:In early September 1862, the U.S. defeat at the 1947:. Minnesota Historical Collections. p. 41. 915:indignities by civilized & christian men." 831: 2956:Battles of the American Civil War in Minnesota 2333:Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association 2133:Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association 1723:Wood Lake Battlefield Preservation Association 1167:American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) 705:The "wild card" among Sibley's troops was the 2369: 2027:Family and Friends of Dakota Uprising Victims 1850:Quinn, George (1898). Carley, Kenneth (ed.). 1749:"Third Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment" 1075:, who had helped 62 settlers escape from the 591: 241: 2343:Official Records of the War of the Rebellion 1747:Hutchinson, Matthew W. (November 24, 2017). 1397: 627:was next to the small lake to the left. The 478:Communication between Sibley and Little Crow 1147: 470:were tempted to forage for potatoes at the 2376: 2362: 2001: 1891: 1746: 1683:"Histories of the U.S.–Dakota War of 1862" 736:, Major Abraham E. Welch, formerly of the 248: 234: 2941:Union victories of the American Civil War 2385:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 2159:"National Register Database and Research" 1603: 1541: 355:. With heavy casualties inflicted on the 2104:HMdb.org, The Historical Marker Database 2075:HMdb.org, The Historical Marker Database 1940: 1797: 1579:A History of the Dakota or Sioux Indians 1575: 1467: 1427: 1259:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1254: 1003: 893: 884: 835: 760: 740:, had been assigned as their commander. 595: 527: 496: 371:bands, which would soon become known as 2345:Volume 13, Chapter 25. pp. 280–281 2186: 2050: 1798:Champlin, Ezra H. (September 1, 1886). 1158:Wood Lake Battlefield Historic District 400:caused further panic, as the exodus of 16:Final battle in U.S.–Dakota War of 1862 2923: 2278: 1972: 1970: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1793: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1296: 1192: 1169:of the National Park Service, and the 1060:Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars 807:As firing progressed in musket range, 255: 2357: 2121: 1849: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1668:Minnesota History Society Collections 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1507: 1463: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1188: 1186: 523: 383: 229: 2301: 2239: 2163:National Register of Historic Places 2020: 1680: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1470:Little Crow: Spokesman for the Sioux 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1154:National Register of Historic Places 1967: 1904: 1874: 1836: 1826:"Narrative of the Seventh Regiment" 1810: 1586: 1560: 13: 2023:"Footnote to the Renville Rangers" 1806:. Mankato, Minn. (published 1904). 1770: 1705: 1674: 1622: 1315: 1273: 1183: 781:by present-day Rock Valle Church. 509:Unbeknownst to Little Crow, a few 404:settlers continued. Both Governor 14: 2972: 2946:Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota 2931:Battles of the Dakota War of 1862 2326: 2004:"Narrative of the Tenth Regiment" 2002:Baker, General J.H. (1890–1893). 1894:"Narrative of the Sixth Regiment" 1526: 1486: 1440: 1410: 1400:"Narrative of the Third Regiment" 1366: 1211: 1067:Dakota scouts in Sibley's command 866:Colonel Marshall ordered Captain 701:Third Minnesota Infantry Regiment 74:Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota 2850: 2843: 1681:Lass, William E. (Summer 2012). 1094: 1056:7th Minnesota Infantry Regiments 944:Little Crow's defeat and retreat 840:Boulder at Wood Lake Battlefield 666:Dakota battle plan and positions 186: 179: 132: 39: 2212: 2180: 2169:from the original on 2018-08-28 2150: 2139:from the original on 2020-11-29 2110:from the original on 2020-10-19 2092: 2081:from the original on 2020-10-19 2063: 2051:Folwell, William Watts (1921). 2044: 2033:from the original on 2014-10-03 2014: 1995: 1951: 1944:Henry Hastings Sibley: A Memoir 1934: 1892:Johnson, Charles W. (1890–93). 1759:from the original on 2013-10-21 1740: 1729:from the original on 2020-11-29 1468:Anderson, Gary Clayton (1986). 1355:from the original on 2019-07-15 1255:Anderson, Gary Clayton (2019). 1138: 1131:on September 27, 1862, Colonel 1048:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 1019:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 936:in the Union Army by President 861:7th Minnesota Infantry Regiment 794:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 775:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 738:1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment 707:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 621:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 468:3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment 1941:Williams, J. Fletcher (1894). 1013:Army and citizen soldier units 815:Retreat of the Third Minnesota 684:On the night of September 22, 1: 2339:Col. Marshall of the 7th Minn 2271: 1112:leaders or to watch events." 1073:John Otherday (Ampatutokacha) 1040: 859:, with five companies of the 756: 378: 2285:Minnesota Historical Society 2071:"Faithful Indians' Monument" 1346:Minnesota Historical Society 1089:Minnesota Historical Society 918: 832:Reinforcements and artillery 715:First Battle of Murfreesboro 662:using the Government Road." 658:valley and go to the ruined 57:September 23, 1862 7: 2872:National Historic Landmarks 1398:Andrews, C.C. (1890–1893). 436:Department of the Northwest 10: 2977: 2302:Lass, William E. (1998) . 2281:The Sioux Uprising of 1862 2225:American Battlefield Trust 1171:American Battlefield Trust 1082:Iron Walker (Mazomani), a 592:Campsite at Lone Tree Lake 567:Gabriel Renville (Tiwakan) 2885: 2859: 2841: 2395: 1802:. In Buck, Daniel (ed.). 903:ground, and killed him." 765:Battle of Wood Lake, 1862 586: 445:Second Battle of Bull Run 434:created the new Military 267: 207: 194: 150: 125: 49: 38: 26: 21: 2279:Carley, Kenneth (1976). 2021:Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. 1916:Carley, Kenneth (1976). 1576:Robinson, Doane (1904). 1297:Carley, Kenneth (1976). 1193:Carley, Kenneth (1976). 1176: 1148:Battlefield preservation 1025:, five companies of the 1021:, nine companies of the 999: 697:patiently for daybreak. 652:double-barreled shotguns 2877:Voyageurs National Park 2220:"Wood Lake Battlefield" 2157:National Park Service. 1035:10th Minnesota Infantry 996:on September 26, 1862. 857:William Rainey Marshall 678:Big Eagle (Wambditanka) 532:Taoyateduta Little Crow 2890:Keeper of the Register 2200:Cite journal requires 2057:A History of Minnesota 1299:The Dakota War of 1862 1033:, a detachment of the 1031:9th Minnesota Infantry 1027:7th Minnesota Infantry 1023:6th Minnesota Infantry 1009: 977: 968: 959: 890: 841: 766: 601: 533: 502: 484:Battle of Birch Coulee 438:and appointed General 390:Battle of Birch Coulee 271:The Dakota War of 1862 220:Unknown number wounded 151:Commanders and leaders 2961:September 1862 events 2910:Contributing property 1800:"Battle of Wood Lake" 1430:Minnesota Collections 1133:Henry Hastings Sibley 1029:, one company of the 1007: 973: 964: 955: 925:Henry Hastings Sibley 894:Retreat of the Dakota 888: 839: 764: 656:Yellow Medicine River 636:Yellow Medicine River 600:Wood Lake Battlefield 599: 545:Yellow Medicine River 531: 500: 410:Henry Hastings Sibley 369:Sisseton and Wahpeton 353:Henry Hastings Sibley 208:Casualties and losses 185:Rattling Runner 158:Henry Hastings Sibley 95:44.70111°N 95.43583°W 2306:Minnesota: A History 501:Colonel Henry Sibley 2283:(Second ed.). 1717:Woolworth, Alan R. 1606:Through Dakota Eyes 1144:during the battle. 878:According to Chief 723:St. Louis, Missouri 345:Battle of Wood Lake 100:44.70111; -95.43583 91: / 22:Battle of Wood Lake 1870:– via JSTOR. 1701:– via JSTOR. 1077:Upper Sioux Agency 1010: 1008:Wood Lake Monument 891: 842: 789:felt very badly." 779:Upper Sioux Agency 767: 751:Lower Sioux Agency 672:Upper Sioux Agency 660:Upper Sioux Agency 602: 538:Lower Sioux Agency 534: 524:Dakota war council 503: 472:Upper Sioux Agency 396:, Forest City and 392:and the sieges at 384:Pressure on Sibley 349:Dakota War of 1862 277:Lower Sioux Agency 259:Dakota War of 1862 33:American Civil War 29:Dakota War of 1862 2918: 2917: 2905:Historic district 2595:Lake of the Woods 2341:. Vols Report in 1988:978-0-87351-216-9 1927:978-0-87351-392-0 1856:Minnesota History 1687:Minnesota History 1615:978-0-87351-216-9 1553:978-0-87351-216-9 1519:978-0-87351-216-9 1308:978-0-87351-392-0 1266:978-0-8061-6434-2 1204:978-0-87351-392-0 930:brigadier general 553:William H. Forbes 513:chiefs including 361:Chief Little Crow 340: 339: 224: 223: 163:Chief Little Crow 121: 120: 2968: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2355: 2354: 2321: 2309: 2298: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2251: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2018: 2012: 2011: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1974: 1965: 1964: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1913: 1902: 1901: 1889: 1872: 1871: 1847: 1834: 1833: 1821: 1808: 1807: 1804:Indian Outbreaks 1795: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1714: 1703: 1702: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1659: 1620: 1619: 1601: 1584: 1583: 1573: 1558: 1557: 1539: 1524: 1523: 1505: 1484: 1483: 1465: 1438: 1437: 1425: 1408: 1407: 1395: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1343: 1334: 1313: 1312: 1294: 1271: 1270: 1252: 1209: 1208: 1190: 1117:Gabriel Renville 990:Gabriel Renville 801:Ezra T. Champlin 744:Ezra T. Champlin 648:exploding shells 429:Secretary of War 406:Alexander Ramsey 398:Fort Abercrombie 302:Fort Abercrombie 292:Slaughter Slough 262: 260: 250: 243: 236: 227: 226: 190: 183: 172: 138: 136: 135: 106: 105: 103: 102: 101: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 64: 62: 51: 50: 43: 19: 18: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2966: 2965: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2881: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2835:Yellow Medicine 2397: 2391: 2382: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2295: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2259: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2201: 2199: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2170: 2155: 2151: 2142: 2140: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2113: 2111: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2084: 2082: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2049: 2045: 2036: 2034: 2019: 2015: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1975: 1968: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1914: 1905: 1890: 1875: 1848: 1837: 1822: 1811: 1796: 1771: 1762: 1760: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1730: 1715: 1706: 1679: 1675: 1660: 1623: 1616: 1602: 1587: 1574: 1561: 1554: 1540: 1527: 1520: 1506: 1487: 1480: 1466: 1441: 1426: 1411: 1396: 1367: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1341: 1335: 1316: 1309: 1295: 1274: 1267: 1253: 1212: 1205: 1191: 1184: 1179: 1150: 1141: 1101:Samuel J. Brown 1097: 1069: 1043: 1015: 1002: 951:Samuel J. Brown 946: 938:Abraham Lincoln 921: 896: 868:James Gilfillan 834: 817: 759: 703: 668: 606:Echo, Minnesota 594: 589: 576:Tetons (Lakota) 549:Joseph R. Brown 526: 480: 461:Minnesota River 386: 381: 341: 336: 263: 258: 256: 254: 219: 214: 184: 174: 168: 165: 133: 131: 99: 97: 93: 90: 85: 82: 80: 78: 77: 76: 60: 58: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2974: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2900:Property types 2897: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2381: 2380: 2373: 2366: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2336: 2328: 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Retrieved 2223: 2214: 2193:cite journal 2182: 2171:. Retrieved 2162: 2152: 2141:. Retrieved 2132: 2123: 2112:. Retrieved 2103: 2094: 2083:. Retrieved 2074: 2065: 2056: 2046: 2035:. Retrieved 2026: 2016: 2007: 1997: 1978: 1959: 1953: 1943: 1936: 1917: 1897: 1859: 1855: 1829: 1803: 1761:. Retrieved 1752: 1742: 1731:. Retrieved 1722: 1693:(2): 44–57. 1690: 1686: 1676: 1667: 1605: 1578: 1543: 1509: 1469: 1433: 1429: 1403: 1357:. Retrieved 1345: 1298: 1256: 1194: 1157: 1151: 1142: 1122: 1114: 1109: 1098: 1081: 1070: 1059: 1044: 1016: 994:Camp Release 985:Mdewakantons 981:Shakopee III 978: 974: 969: 965: 960: 956: 947: 922: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 877: 873: 865: 854: 851: 847: 843: 826: 822: 820:fall back." 818: 806: 798: 791: 787: 783: 772: 768: 748: 742: 727: 711:Confederates 704: 695: 691: 683: 676: 669: 633: 618: 603: 572: 564: 560: 557: 542: 535: 519: 508: 504: 488: 481: 465: 457:Fort Ridgely 453: 426: 408:and Colonel 387: 373:Camp Release 365:Mdewakantons 344: 342: 332:Camp Release 326: 307:Birch Coulee 297:Fort Ridgely 218:14–30 killed 169: 145:Santee Sioux 126:Belligerents 27:Part of the 2860:Other lists 2580:Koochiching 1105:Little Crow 809:Little Crow 686:Little Crow 580:breastworks 511:Mdewakanton 491:Little Crow 317:Forest City 98: / 2925:Categories 2810:Washington 2685:Pennington 2680:Otter Tail 2640:Mille Lacs 2485:Cottonwood 2475:Clearwater 2435:Blue Earth 2272:References 2173:2021-06-20 2143:2021-06-20 2114:2021-06-16 2100:"Mazomani" 2085:2021-06-19 2053:"Appendix" 2037:2021-06-19 1763:2021-05-18 1733:2021-05-28 1670:: 382–400. 1436:: 595–613. 1359:2021-06-19 1139:Casualties 1041:Casualties 934:volunteers 757:The attack 482:After the 414:Republican 394:Hutchinson 379:Background 322:Hutchinson 61:1862-09-23 2755:Sherburne 2745:St. Louis 2695:Pipestone 2570:Kandiyohi 2510:Faribault 2490:Crow Wing 2430:Big Stone 2398:by county 2389:Minnesota 1129:John Pope 1125:Big Eagle 919:Aftermath 880:Big Eagle 730:Civil War 719:Tennessee 644:artillery 610:Big Eagle 565:However, 440:John Pope 402:Minnesota 327:Wood Lake 200:1450–1619 176:Big Eagle 86:95°26′9″W 83:44°42′4″N 2815:Watonwan 2790:Traverse 2725:Renville 2715:Red Lake 2660:Nicollet 2645:Morrison 2620:Marshall 2615:Mahnomen 2600:Le Sueur 2535:Hennepin 2520:Freeborn 2515:Fillmore 2460:Chippewa 2420:Beltrami 2231:June 20, 2167:Archived 2137:Archived 2108:Archived 2079:Archived 2031:Archived 1868:20176459 1757:Archived 1753:MNopedia 1727:Archived 1699:41704992 1350:Archived 1084:Wahpeton 799:Captain 494:people?" 418:Democrat 213:7 killed 195:Strength 69:Location 2867:Bridges 2795:Wabasha 2775:Stevens 2765:Stearns 2720:Redwood 2675:Olmsted 2605:Lincoln 2575:Kittson 2565:Kanabec 2560:Jackson 2545:Hubbard 2540:Houston 2525:Goodhue 2505:Douglas 2465:Chisago 2445:Carlton 2260:21 June 1156:as the 1110:akacita 713:in the 515:Wabasha 287:New Ulm 203:<738 170:† 117:victory 59: ( 2830:Wright 2825:Winona 2820:Wilkin 2805:Waseca 2800:Wadena 2770:Steele 2760:Sibley 2740:Roseau 2710:Ramsey 2670:Norman 2665:Nobles 2655:Murray 2635:Meeker 2630:McLeod 2625:Martin 2555:Itasca 2550:Isanti 2495:Dakota 2450:Carver 2425:Benton 2415:Becker 2405:Aitkin 2314: 2291: 1985: 1924: 1866: 1697: 1612: 1550: 1516: 1476: 1305: 1263: 1201: 614:Dakota 587:Battle 449:Dakota 422:Dakota 357:Dakota 178: 137: 111:Result 2780:Swift 2750:Scott 2650:Mower 2530:Grant 2500:Dodge 2440:Brown 2410:Anoka 2396:Lists 2250:(PDF) 1864:JSTOR 1695:JSTOR 1353:(PDF) 1342:(PDF) 1177:Notes 1000:Units 646:with 312:Acton 156:Col. 2785:Todd 2735:Rock 2730:Rice 2705:Pope 2700:Polk 2690:Pine 2610:Lyon 2590:Lake 2480:Cook 2470:Clay 2455:Cass 2312:ISBN 2289:ISBN 2262:2021 2233:2023 2206:help 1983:ISBN 1922:ISBN 1610:ISBN 1548:ISBN 1514:ISBN 1474:ISBN 1303:ISBN 1261:ISBN 1199:ISBN 1054:and 642:and 619:The 343:The 54:Date 2387:in 932:of 2927:: 2287:. 2252:, 2222:. 2197:: 2195:}} 2191:{{ 2165:. 2161:. 2135:. 2131:. 2106:. 2102:. 2077:. 2073:. 2055:. 2029:. 2025:. 1969:^ 1906:^ 1876:^ 1862:. 1860:38 1858:. 1854:. 1838:^ 1828:. 1812:^ 1772:^ 1755:. 1751:. 1725:. 1721:. 1707:^ 1691:63 1689:. 1685:. 1666:. 1624:^ 1588:^ 1562:^ 1528:^ 1488:^ 1442:^ 1434:10 1432:. 1412:^ 1368:^ 1344:. 1317:^ 1275:^ 1213:^ 1185:^ 940:. 717:, 674:. 551:, 375:. 31:, 2377:e 2370:t 2363:v 2335:. 2320:. 2297:. 2235:. 2208:) 2204:( 2176:. 2146:. 2117:. 2088:. 2040:. 1991:. 1930:. 1766:. 1736:. 1618:. 1556:. 1522:. 1482:. 1362:. 1311:. 1269:. 1207:. 953:: 249:e 242:t 235:v 63:)

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Knowledge

Battle of Wood Lake

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