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front, plus an annual distribution worth up to $ 40,000 per year. Meanwhile, mixed-blood "relatives and friends" would receive $ 110,000 up front (because they were ineligible for annuities), and $ 90,000 would be paid to the traders to settle
Mdewakanton debts – a little more than one-third of the debts they had claimed. Sibley wrote to Ramsay Crooks that the whole treaty was "but one series of iniquity and wrong," which had left Faribault and Bailly "so exasperated, that they seriously considered traveling home without the delegation... This is the boasted paternal regard for the poor Indian. 'O Shame where is thy blush!" Historian Gary Clayton Anderson writes that "Self-interest on their part underlay this opposition: the traders wanted the government to spend more money." Sibley was also irritated that the treaty named Taliaferro's interpreter, Scott Campbell, as an annuity recipient with title to part of the land then occupied by Sibley's trading establishment — a personal concession which was later struck out by the
836:
1367:. While the details of their relationship are obscure, most accounts suggest that Sibley and Red Blanket Woman were married "in the Dakota manner" before or during the hunting trip. There has also been considerable speculation that Bad Hail had actively sought to establish kinship ties with Sibley for some time. In the final page of his unfinished autobiography, Sibley recounted that "an Indian sub-chief" had brought his daughter to his log house in the middle of the night for protection during the winter of 1835–36. Sibley wrote that he had declined to take her in as his wife, and that the two visitors had left his house "disappointed, and mortified, at the ill success of their mission." Although Sibley did not specify whether that man was Bad Hail, researcher Bruce A. Kohn states that it may well have been.
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1057:
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2854:
350:
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for the Dakota, who were forced to live on a reservation located on narrow slice of land by the
Minnesota River. By 1862, the pressure had become too much. The Sioux now claim they were coerced and manipulated to relinquish their own culture and religion and routinely misled and cheated by Sibley and others. Faced with starvation and missed annuity payments due them from the federal government, largely due to the ongoing Civil War, many Dakota people saw an opportunity to retake the lands of Minnesota and began attacking the settlers in an effort to drive them out.
359:
2929:
289:
1316:. The Sibley House has historically been referred to as "the oldest stone house in Minnesota." The first new building built by Sibley was actually a stone warehouse, completed in 1836. Work on his actual residence most likely started in 1837 or 1838 and may not have been fully completed until 1839. Immediately following his marriage to Sarah Jane Steele and well into the 1850s, Henry Sibley began a series of alterations to his house to accommodate his growing family and transform it from a hunting lodge into a Victorian family home.
2398:
1852:
1024:; otherwise, there would be nothing to stop the Dakota from patronizing the sutler's store at Fort Snelling and using fur pelts to pay for goods. Any losses incurred by the traders would be more than offset by the higher prices they could charge the Dakota. However, the sutler's store proved to be a headache for Henry Sibley, who did not get along with Stambaugh. Business was also highly dependent on the number of troops garrisoned at Fort Snelling. By 1837, the garrison was drastically reduced due to the
1300:
1000:
307:
2285:"These poor fellows will be thrust between the powerful contending tribes of Sioux and Chippewas, and I fear they will fare badly... The whole policy pursued by the Govt. toward the Western Indians generally, has a tendency to destroy them, and that speedily. They dare now avow this as their object,...but by persisting in a course which they have been repeatedly warned must end in the extinction of the tribes, they show how little real regard they have for their welfare."
1498:
609:
6222:
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40:
474:
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571:, Sarah Sibley and her children had been placed inside the fort for safety with other families, while Solomon was out in the field commanding a company of militia. Mrs. Sibley was found holding baby Henry in her arms "while with her busy hands she was making cartridges for the soldiers," and four officers, including her cousin, were killed by a cannonball in the adjoining room. After American General
1148:, arrived in Washington close behind them. It was Sibley's first time in Washington. In early September, Hercules Dousman wrote to Sibley, instructing him "leave no stone unturned to get something handsome for us" when the U.S. government was negotiating with the Dakota. However, Taliaferro prevented most of the American Fur Company traders from entering the room where discussions took place between
3763:, Judge Charles E. Flandrau wrote, "It is claimed that General Sibley was the first one to build a stone house in Minnesota, but this must be an error of his biographer." He noted that the grandsons of Jean Baptiste Faribault claimed that the Faribault House was older, and that this had been backed up in a letter from Monsignor Augustin Ravoux. (pp. 474–475)
1795:. Many Métis and Ojibwe hunters from the north were willing to make illegal trips across the international border to get higher prices for their fur pelts than what the British would pay. From Pembina, Kittson sent large trains of carts along the "Plains Trail" west of the Red River and down the Minnesota valley, well-defended against possible attacks by
1616:. Under the terms of the contract, the 47 Ojibwe signatories agreed not to harass any lumbermen working for the three traders. In return, the traders would provide specified goods to the Ojibwe, including gunpowder, lead, scalping knives and tobacco, every year for ten years. After the contract was superseded by the
1993:"As I was the only magistrate in this region and the county seat was some three hundred miles distant, I had matters pretty much under my own control, there being little chance of an appeal from my decisions. In fact some of the simple-minded people around me, firmly believed that I had the power of life and death."
1700:
2559:
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In the wake of treaties negotiated with them by Sibley, Native
American tribes that had until recently roamed freely across the territory were severely diminished in land and resource rights. By 1858, the Dakota, Ojibwe and Winnebago were relegated to reservations. The changes were particularly harsh
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and
Burning Earth did not participate. Doty testified that Sibley and several of his subsidiary traders and employees had provided "indispensable aid" in securing agreement from the Dakota. Specifically, Sibley had promised the Dakota bands that he would supply the goods worth $ 10,000 which Doty had
1330:
Sibley famously wrote, "It may seem paradoxical, but it is nevertheless true, that I was successively a citizen of
Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota Territories, without changing my residence at Mendota." Until 1857, the site of Sibley's home and the community around it were technically part of
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on
February 18, 1891, two days before his 80th birthday, and is buried in Oakland Cemetery in St. Paul. Historian Wilson P. Shortridge wrote, "When Sibley, in 1834, made his way into the region which became Minnesota, it was a typical fur-traders' frontier; when he died, Minnesota was a state with a
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created by Sibley as commanding officer conducted 392 trials for murder, participation in murder, participation in combat, and rape. It was a court with no lawyers for the defendants. Some of the trials lasted only a few minutes. By
November 5, the commission had sentenced 307 men to death and given
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On August 29, 1842, the Senate voted against ratification of the Doty treaty with the Dakota by a vote of 26 to 2. With the defeat of the treaty, Sibley's prospects as governor of a new all-Indian territory in the northwest faded completely. Helen Sibley's biographer, Bruce A. Kohn, adds, "The lands
1838:
Ironically, the Hudson's Bay
Company quickly found that they lacked enough provisions to supply the British forces and had to send buyers overland to the Mississippi to purchase supplies. As they ran into further problems in shipping their provisions up the Red River, Henry Sibley graciously offered
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complained to Henry Sibley that the
Mdewakanton "say it is not necessary to work for the traders anymore as they will now have plenty to live on independent of the traders' goods." Tensions in the region grew to unprecedented levels as the funds and supplies failed to arrive, and many eastern Ojibwe
1166:
On
September 29, 1837, twenty-one Mdewakanton leaders and representatives of the U.S. government signed the "Treaty with the Sioux." The Mdewakanton gave up "all their land, east of the Mississippi river, and all their islands in the said river" to the United States for $ 16,000 in cash and goods up
2444:, declared his candidacy for the role. Technically, neither Sibley nor Rice were residents of "Wisconsin Territory," but this was not required by law and the question was never raised. After a brief campaign, Sibley won the election with 236 votes to Rice's 122 votes. Sibley had stronger support in
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The main resolution of the convention was to then appoint "a delegate to visit Washington to represent the interests of the proposed territory, with full power to act." Sibley let it be known that he was willing to go to Washington to present the memorials and lobby for the new territory on his own
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and Company, forming their new Upper Mississippi Outfit. In the original contract, the Upper Mississippi Outfits's trade was described as "trade with whites and Indians," reflecting the changing demographics of the region. As part of Choteau Company, Henry Sibley was no longer bound by the American
1552:
Henry and Sarah Jane Sibley had at least nine children, four of whom survived until adulthood, including Augusta Ann, born in 1844; Sarah Jane, born in 1851; Charles Frederic, born in 1860; and Alfred Brush, born in 1866. Five died as young children: Henry Hastings (1846), Henry Hastings (1847–51),
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On November 1, 1837, Henry Sibley was a signatory to the Treaty with the Winnebago, also negotiated in Washington. The treaty was potentially the most lucrative for the American Fur Company, with $ 200,000 set aside for individual compensation and settlement of "debts of the nation" to traders. The
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for support. He succeeded, and the American Fur Company's Western Outfit secured the contract for mail delivery from 1837 to 1839. Mail was carried by steamboats during the summer, but during the long winter, Sibley and his partners had to hire runners, and found it difficult to deliver the mail on
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citizens petitioned Congress to oppose the proposed Rum River boundary. Rather than being relegated to a minor role at the far western edge of the new state, they envisioned St. Paul at the center of a new territorial government. Henry Sibley vigorously supported their efforts to keep St. Paul and
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band in 1846, found ways to trade which effectively competed with Sibley's business. By 1848, a ring of Dakota including Little Crow had become so successful in trading whiskey for fur skins that Sibley and McLeod were compelled to set up river patrols to stop any canoes carrying contraband to the
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In the years after the 1837 treaties were signed, the fur trade itself changed significantly. In local parlance, it became known as the "Indian trade," reflecting the industry's increasing reliance on U.S. government annuities paid to, or on behalf of, the Native American tribes in the region. The
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a letter of resignation which was declined. In 1860, Henry also wrote to Cunningham on Sarah's behalf, but his plea to allow her to resign due to ill health was ignored. In 1862, the Sibley family moved to their new home at 417 Woodward Street in St. Paul – a move that Sarah had longed for during
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surrendered and Detroit was occupied by the British, Solomon Sibley secured permission to leave. The family then left their home with only a few belongings, traveling "by a dim trail through the forests from Detroit to Marietta, camping out most of the way." They returned to Detroit one year later
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Henry Sibley wrote in his unfinished autobiography as well as in "Reminiscences of the Early Days of Minnesota" that he first arrived in Mendota on November 7, 1834, but historians including Theodore C. Blegen and William W. Folwell have since noted that Sibley's own letter to Ramsay Crooks dated
1527:
Henry Sibley maintained a congenial and public relationship with Helen, although this reportedly upset his wife Sarah Jane; Henry's past relationship with Helen's mother fueled criticism in Republican newspapers, which questioned his character and called him a "Moccasin Democrat." Henry and Helen
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On August 18, Taliaferro managed to leave the St. Peter's Indian Agency with twenty-six Mdewakanton chiefs and headmen on a steamboat without tipping off the traders and without telling the chiefs the real reason for the trip. Soon after their departure, however, Taliaferro's covert operation was
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scholar. Around the age of sixteen, Henry started studying law, because Judge Sibley had hoped that his son would follow in his footsteps. After two years, Henry confessed to his father that he found the study of law "irksome" and that he "longed for a more active and stirring life." His parents
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and often bought shares in boats on behalf of Henry Sibley as well as himself. In 1844, Sibley acquired one-eighth of a steamboat called the "Lynx," which was half-owned by Dousman. Although the Lynx netted only $ 161.04 during the 1844 season after deducting losses due to damage to the boat, in
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Henry Sibley did not remarry, but his sister-in-law Abbie Potts helped to take care of the boys and served as his housekeeper and hostess, and in later years as his nurse. After Douglas Pope died suddenly in 1880, Sibley's daughter Augusta (Gussie) moved into his house in St. Paul with her three
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The treaties were finally ratified in June 1838, but it would take many more months before payments reached the traders and the Native American tribes. Hearings on the Winnebago claims in particular dragged on through 1839, mired in public scandal and charges of corruption. In November 1839, the
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which lasted until the mid-1840s. Fur prices fell sharply and muskrat pelts, which made up the bulk of the fur trade in Sibley's region, were no longer in demand. By February 1838, Crooks reported to Sibley that the previous year's pelts were still sitting in a New York warehouse, and had become
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That winter in Washington was not only the beginning, but also in one sense the high point of Sibley's political career. Certainly it was the most satisfying part, for he became at once an agent of history and a symbol of the new territory. The tale of how he rose, polished and urbane, before a
1458:, including Mary LeDuc and Rebecca Flandreau, who would succeed her. In an effort to transcend political divisions, Sarah Jane established a male advisory board including Henry Sibley's bitter enemy within the Democratic Party, Daniel A. Robertson, along with future Republican state legislator
1835:, who still controlled what remained of the American Fur Company, were angered by increasing competition from Sibley and Kittson. In August 1846, 350 British troops arrived in the Red River settlement, in response to the Hudson's Bay Company's call for help to put an end to further smuggling.
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In 1859, Helen married Sylvester Sawyer, an Anglo-American doctor, and was given away by Governor Sibley at her wedding in the front parlor of the Browns' house in St. Paul. They agreed that Helen would not use Sibley as her surname on the couple's marriage certificate, but Henry signed the
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voiced his vehement opposition to President Tyler, writing: "The whole scheme of the treaty, & the terms of it is in my own opinion the most unjustifiable & reprehensible thing of the kind that has come before the Senate." He opposed the policy of government-assisted "civilization"
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When the legislature voted for the state to issue bonds to the railroads to provide for construction of the transcontinental route, Sibley refused. He said the railroads did not give priority of lien to the state on their property. The state supreme court ordered the governor to issue the
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It took many months for the treaties to be ratified by the U.S. Congress, which was reluctant to approve the treaty expenditures in the midst of an economic depression. Special commissioners were appointed to examine the books of each claimant and allocate funds. Disputes also arose among
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and a company of infantry from Fort Snelling. Dousman and Rice received payment for "tribal debts." Dousman, who had chosen not to renew his contract with Choteau and Company after the original contract expired in 1846, had exited the fur trade and focused on his other business ventures.
1637:
1845, the Lynx netted $ 11,194.73. However, there were delays in collecting payment from shippers, leading Captain John Atchison to delay paying dividends to investors. Frustrated, Dousman put considerable pressure on Sibley over several months to make a "final settlement" with Atchison.
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named as her godfather. In February 1842, Forbes sent a cryptic update to Sibley, who was in Washington, apparently about Red Blanket Woman and the baby. The evidence is unclear as to how long Red Blanket Woman lived in the area. Some sources suggest that Tahshinahohindoway remarried a
2219:, both of whom were highly respected by Senator Benton, to convince him to change his mind. Nevertheless, Benton remained staunchly opposed, and major modifications to the treaty failed to produce any breakthrough. Sibley left Washington in April, leaving all further lobbying to
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Sibley had arrived in the fur traders' "frontier" with a sense of adventure, hoping to earn a quick fortune before triumphantly returning to "civilization." Unfortunately for Sibley, as Bailly had warned, it had already become difficult for traders to turn a profit through the
775:(then called St. Peter's). Sibley later wrote that he was finally persuaded by Dousman's glowing description of the Minnesota Valley as a hunter's paradise where "woods abounded with bear, deer and other game animals, and the numerous lakes with aquatic fowl of every variety."
827:, whose four trading posts Sibley would take over as head of the company's "Sioux Outfit" the following year. They spent six months together, during which Bailly warned Sibley that "the American Fur Company squeezed its small traders dry then dropped them like useless rinds."
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at two banks, including one in Detroit. However, Crooks rejected Sibley's offer to pay US$ 1,000 to be released from his contract. Instead, his counteroffer was to include Sibley as a junior partner in the American Fur Company's newly constituted Western Outfit, together with
1020:, in partnership with Pennsylvania newspaper editor and former Indian agent Samuel C. Stambaugh, who had been appointed to the post but had no interest in moving there. By controlling the army sutler's store, the fur traders were confident that they could maintain their
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In early November 1848, Sibley made the long journey to Washington with his wife Sarah and their two children. On December 22, 1848, Henry H, Sibley delivered his famous speech before the House Committee on Elections. Henry Sibley's biographer, Rhoda R. Gilman, writes:
1923:
when Hercules Dousman exited the business, proposed the creation of a new Northern Outfit. The Northern Outfit combined the Dakota, Winnebago and Ojibwe trade under a single business unit. The Choteau Company held half of the firm, while Sibley, Rice and a new partner,
938:
hunters with generous gift-giving and access to credit, Sibley "sought to transform the fur trade into a completely modern business." He instructed the traders and clerks in his territory to limit credits to powder, lead and shot. Many Dakota hunters complained to
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in return for compensation. Sibley and the American Fur Company partners aimed to collect payment from the government to cover a substantial portion of their business losses, which appeared on their books as "Indian debts." In December 1836, Sibley had written to
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Meanwhile, treaties with the Dakota were nullified and Sibley proceeded with leading the banishment of all tribal members from the state to reservations in the Dakotas and Nebraska. The state offered a reward for the scalp of any Dakota man killed in Minnesota.
2137:
Furthermore, Doty had recommended twelve individuals for positions in the new territory, including Henry H. Sibley for the post of superintendent or governor, plus eight other traders associated with the Sioux Outfit. Sibley wrote to Ramsay Crooks on August 26,
1806:
took responsibility for trade at Lac qui Parle, Big Stone Lake, and further west on the Dakota plains, freeing Kittson from having to collect furs there. Kittson then started trying out a shorter route from the Upper Red River to Lake Minnewaska, then along the
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In 1858 Sibley was elected as the first governor of the state, and is one of just four Minnesota Democrats to win a gubernatorial election with a Democrat in the White House. He served from May 24, 1858, until January 2, 1860. After narrowly defeating
1768:. In the spring of 1843, Sibley entered into an agreement with Norman Kittson, in which Kittson would run all of the Upper Mississippi Outfit's western business. Kittson was tasked with supervising Renville at Lac qui Parle, building a new post at
1866:
led to a decline in the number of Dakota hunters, and the dwindling population of elk, buffalo and other game forced the remaining hunters to push westward. In 1844 and 1845, bad weather and prairie fires temporarily drove the buffalo into the
1323:, who spent the winter of 1836–37 with Sibley. Over the years, questions have been raised as to whether Sibley's cook, Joe Robinson, was a slave or a free man. Evidence suggests that if Robinson was in fact a slave at this time, he belonged to
2800:. They formed an executive committee to approach members of the business community for contributions; Sibley himself contacted the directors and out-of-state shareholders of the railroads which ran through the affected area. In 1874, Governor
2410:, Henry H. Sibley was issued with a certificate signed by the officers of the convention that he had been duly elected as their representative in Washington. The memorials were then signed by the 61 delegates of the convention and adjourned.
749:
with Astor, which ran until 1835, one year early. He explained that his parents "were strongly opposed to longer sojourn in what was little better than a wild Indian country," and that he had been offered much better paying positions as a
2795:
In 1873, a massive grasshopper infestation ruined crops across southwestern Minnesota, and spread even further the following summer. In December 1873, Sibley worked with the St. Paul Chamber of Commerce to raise $ 6,000 to aid families in
2324:. Dousman once again had his eye on further opportunities to obtain treaty money, and wrote to Sibley that a Wisconsin border on the Rum River line would create pressure for a major Dakota land cession to the west of the Mississippi River.
2001:, which has been billed as the "oldest murder mystery in Minnesota." The investigation resulted in the arrest of Edward Phalen, Hays's business partner, a few weeks later. For jurisdictional reasons, however, Sibley passed on the case to
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The remaining 300 Dakota warriors were imprisoned and more than 1,600 non-combatants: women, children and elderly were held in a crowded encampment on Pike Island below Fort Snelling until river transportation resumed in the spring . A
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legislatively authorized state bonds to railroads. The legislature asked him to market the bonds in New York. Although he made an effort to do, the capitalists refused to buy the bonds. The state subsequently repudiated the issuance.
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in 1838, and received extensions to his commission through 1842. Sibley later stated that it was his "fortune to be the first to introduce the machinery of law...into what was a benighted region" and that he had felt free of
1560:. When his wife Sarah died in 1869, Henry was left with two young sons, including Freddie who was eight years old and Allie who was not yet three, as well as 18-year-old Sallie (Sarah Jane). Sallie married Elbert A. Young, a
973:, a fur trader who had previously quarreled with Agent Taliaferro for hauling whiskey and owed money to Rolette and the Western Outfit. Sibley was also reportedly concerned about the power and influence of mixed-blood trader
1431:, and built a paper- and cotton-milling business with one of his brothers. Her three sisters eventually moved west with their mother following the death of their father in 1845. In 1847, her sister Abbian Steele married Dr.
2142:"The provisions of this treaty, I consider to be better calculated for securing the interests of the Indians and of the people in the country than those of any treaty which has been made with the north-western Indians."
1255:
and Company. The American Fur Company declared bankruptcy on September 10, 1842. Independent of American Fur, Sibley was subject to fewer restrictions and was able to trade freely with both the Ojibwe and the Dakota.
2426:, started to promote the idea that the territory of Wisconsin continued to exist in the area that had been excluded from the state of Wisconsin, since the original act creating the territory had not been repealed by
2540:
in the first state gubernatorial contest, Sibley declared in his inaugural address, "I have no object and no interests which are not inseparably bound up with the welfare of the state." He did not seek reelection.
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which had called for the creation of an "all-Indian territory" that would eventually become a state. Bell's stated intention was to remove all Indians from the northeastern United States to the Minnesota valley.
1906:
on his personal account, even though Brown was a competitor of Choteau Company's Upper Mississippi Outfit. When Brown finally exited the fur trade, Sibley bought out his interests and assets on generous terms.
691:). He returned to Detroit to work at the Bank of Michigan during the winter, and then signed a five-year contract with American Fur Company after working there again in the summer of 1830. In 1832, AFC manager
2523:
wing of the first Minnesota Constitutional Convention, of which he eventually became president. Assembled July 13, 1857, the convention resulted in adoption of the constitution as framed on October 13, 1857.
1839:
his assistance. From this time onward, Sibley and Kittson proceeded to build a thriving business in supplying the British troops with everything from champagne to sheet iron stoves, transporting goods up the
2474:
Congress that had expected a figure in buckskin and eloquently defended the right of pioneers to the protection of government and law became — almost immediately — Minnesota's most cherished founding legend.
2178:
sent Henry Sibley to Washington to serve as the chief manager of the lobbying effort for the Doty Treaty, reminding him that the future of the Western Outfit "depend very much" on its ratification. The new
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family and relatives. Sibley provided for his daughter financially, paying the Browns to support Helen, and financed her education, including boarding school in the eastern U.S. As a young woman living in
1510:
When Helen was about six years old, Henry Sibley arranged to have Helen adopted by William Reynolds Brown, an Anglo-American farmer, and his wife Martha. They had both worked at the Methodist mission in
1280:. However, as he descended the hill, he was "disappointed to find only a group of log huts" occupied by the fur traders and staff, and included an urgent request for new buildings in his first letter to
2440:
At first, the general expectation was that Henry H. Sibley would be the obvious choice for the role. His election campaign took an unexpected turn when his new business partner in the Northern Outfit,
1215:, convinced that the promised payments and provisions would soon arrive, refused to join the winter hunt and insisted that all past debts to traders had been settled by the treaty. In December 1837,
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tribes. Dousman probably expected Sibley to persuade the Dakota to cede land for this purpose, but Sibley was firmly opposed to relocating the Winnebago as a "buffer" between the Dakota and Ojibwe.
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992:, who had been hardest hit and now depended entirely on the western hunting grounds. Sibley, whose business relied heavily on collecting furs from the Mdewakantons, made an emergency trip to
2080:
to negotiate a treaty with the Dakota to acquire 30 million acres of land on behalf of the U.S. and require their settlement in farming communities as part of a plan to grant citizenship.
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traders were "jubilant" over the terms of the treaty, and Sibley wrote to his father saying that once his debts were paid, he hoped to end his relationship with American Fur and return to
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was erected to protect the interned from the soldiers and settlers after one of the women was assaulted. Many died as a result of a measles epidemic that swept the camp in December.
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Despite Sibley's efforts, Congress ratified the treaty in January 1847. The Dakota remained opposed to any sale of land, but Rice convinced the Ojibwe to give up a tract west of the
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led a large and vicious campaigns to pursue Dakota escapees as far west as the Yellowstone River. In 1863, Sibley led what was then-considered a successful expedition against the
1515:— William as a carpenter and Martha as a teacher. Martha Brown reported that Helen spoke French when she came to live with them, suggesting that she learned the language from her
1383:
man, perhaps in 1842, and died in early 1843. However, trading post records show that Tahshinahohindoway had made purchases of blankets, clothing and other items as late as 1846.
2434:, who had been the delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territory, formally resigned his position, the acting governor could then lawfully call an election to fill the vacancy.
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Sibley worked to secure government contracts for the American Fur Company, in part to eliminate potential competition. From 1836 to 1839, Sibley was in charge of operating the
2716:
984:
The steady decline in the wild animal population in the region meant that more and more hunters were competing for scarcer game, and driving herds further north. By 1836, the
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and himself. During the convention, Joseph Brown was appointed chair of a committee which drafted "memorials" to Congress and to the president, requesting the formation of a
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Note that the name "Jean" in the article (and its title) is wrong, but it is not known if the mistake belongs to Sibley or a later editor. Nicollet's first name was Joseph.
1964:, Sibley received a similar commission as a justice of the peace of Clayton County, which he called "an empire of itself" in size, extending from a line twenty miles below
1656:
and ports in Minnesota. The first boat of the Galena Packet Company, the "Argo," sank in October 1847, but its new boat, the "Dr. Franklin," launched successfully in 1848.
2130:, despite the fact that Bell had specifically forbidden such a clause. The treaty also called for paying off the "mixed-bloods" who had had land set aside for them by the
2660:
For his efforts, Sibley was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers, September 29, 1862, after the hostilities had ended. Sibley turned over his command to Colonel
4966:
2715:
as major-general of the volunteers for "efficient and meritorious services." He was honorably mustered out on April 30, 1866. He was relieved from the command of the
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1871:
valley, but in the years that followed, the herds virtually disappeared. In 1846, drought and the failure of the corn crop made things worse, particularly among the
843:
Henry Sibley officially took over as head of the American Fur Company's Sioux Outfit in 1835 at the age of 24. The Sioux Outfit was headquartered at St. Peters (now
815:'s Western Outfit headquarters at Prairie du Chien, Sibley traveled the remaining 300 miles of wilderness by horseback. According to his letter to company president
2772:. He served numerous terms as its president, and focused its efforts on public and charitable projects. In July 1872, Sibley shared his concerns for the welfare of
4856:
4829:
2488:
173:
120:
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after giving birth to a baby girl who also died. In 1860, Sawyer wrote that Governor Sibley mourned the loss of his first-born child Helen "sincerely and truly."
2158:. By the end of the summer, most of the cabinet including John Bell had resigned. As one of his final acts as Secretary of War, Bell sent the Doty treaty to the
6815:
4982:
2609:. On August 29, Sibley's forces rescued the 250 settlers left after the Dakota abandoned the fort four days earlier, after their failed attempt to capture it.
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1524:, she was said to be fully acculturated and accepted by white society, with a considerable income as a result of Sibley's investment of her treaty annuities.
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2366:, they were shocked and disappointed to find themselves left behind in "a no-man's land without law or government...its people without corporate existence."
2005:, who was appointed as justice of the peace for Crawford County in 1839, and Phalen was found not guilty of murder despite his self-incriminatory testimony.
1799:
hunters who were resentful of the whole slaughter of buffalo by the Métis and had threatened to stop any goods from going across their country to the north.
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asked Sibley to administer the distribution of $ 19,000 in funds raised for the relief of settlers worst affected by the grasshopper invasion, working with
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growing white population in the Upper Mississippi — including lumbermen, speculators and farmers — also spurred the growth of the general mercantile trade.
950:'s band reported that ever since Sibley had taken over, "they could get 'nothing' from their traders, 'not even a flint much less traps & ammunition.'"
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outbreak in Detroit which killed his grandmother, Sibley successfully completed the journey and secured several licenses for the American Fur Company from
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leaders signed a treaty with the U.S. in which they agreed to move their people north to an unspecified tract of land between the Dakota and Ojibwe. Both
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were often seen chatting at his picket-fence gate. On September 1, 1858, they were both very prominent in a St. Paul parade celebrating the laying of the
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to broker a solution. He threatened to withdraw all American Fur Company men if the Sissetons and Wahpetons did not allow the Mdewakantons to hunt there.
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On September 18, John H. Tweedy resigned, and on October 9, 1848, acting Governor Catlin issued a proclamation for an election to be held on October 30.
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and Company. However, Sibley never achieved great commercial success as an entrepreneur, and would later lament his "want of success in business."
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During the winter of 1840–41, Sibley entered a relationship with Red Blanket Woman (Tahshinahohindoway), daughter of Bad Hail (Wasuwicaxtaxni), a
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As a boy, Henry Sibley was educated at the Academy of Detroit, after which he was tutored privately in Latin and Greek for two years by Reverend
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As justice of the peace, Sibley heard a wide range of cases. In 1838, he was called to investigate the death of John Hays, a former sergeant at
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4760:"Governor: Sibley, Henry H.: An Inventory of Its Records of Governor Henry H. Sibley at the Minnesota Historical Society - Government Records"
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in building a sawmill at Chippewa Falls. The Chippewa Mills went into operation in 1840 but was sold in 1845, much to the relief of Dousman.
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underpinning the treaty, as well as the fact that it was trying to circumvent longstanding laws governing the formation of new territories.
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2708:(July 28). This period would become the start of bloody wars between the U.S. government and Dakota that lasted until nearly twenty years.
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1890:, on the other hand, were somewhat cushioned by the annuities they received from the 1837 treaty. In addition, some Mdewakantons such as
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Sibley was elected to the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives, convened from January to March 1855, as the representative of
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suddenly found themselves in a peculiar legal and governmental vacuum. Although most of them had protested against inclusion in the new
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since 1839. Sarah Jane was the eldest daughter of James Steele, who had served as Inspector General of Pennsylvania Troops during the
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In December 1846, Sibley went to Washington to lobby against the relocation of the Winnebago, hoping to persuade Michigan Senator
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changed quickly. Hundreds of timber speculators and squatters began moving into the area, also on land that still belonged to the
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As early as 1837, Sibley, together with traders William Aitken and Lyman Warren, had entered into an exclusive contract with the
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On August 28, 1841, Red Blanket Woman gave birth to their daughter Helen Hastings Sibley, also known as Wakiye (Bird). Monsignor
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woman, had been a well known figure in St. Paul, and was widely respected for her kindness toward the white captives during the
497:, and a direct descendant of John Sibley, who had immigrated from England to America in 1629. Solomon had moved to Detroit from
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expense. He received the majority of votes and was declared unanimously elected by the convention. Upon a motion introduced by
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Trading license granted to Henry H. Sibley of the American Fur Company by Indian Agent Lawrence Taliaferro, September 30, 1835
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In 1840, Sibley was called upon to hear a criminal case involving the brutal rape of a ten-year-old girl which took place in
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to oppose the treaty. Dousman suspected Sibley's intentions, and the relationship between the two men cooled significantly.
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Governor James Duane Doty of Wisconsin Territory negotiated abortive treaties with the Dakota in 1841 with help from Sibley
763:, who had been running the company's Upper Mississippi Outfit. Sibley would be the regional manager for fur trade with the
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In December 1847, Wisconsin's second constitutional convention voted to place the northwestern border of Wisconsin at the
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many years but reportedly was unable to enjoy due to depression and illness. Sarah Jane Sibley died of complications from
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In 1868, their eldest daughter Augusta married Captain Douglas Pope, Sibley's former aide-de-camp who had been based at
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selected Sibley to transact important business for the company, and sent him on a perilous journey back to Detroit in a
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the St. Croix valley out of the borders of Wisconsin, bringing him into direct conflict with his old business partner
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and recommended it for urgent approval, but further consideration of the treaty was tabled until the spring. Senator
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Dousman was pleased with the Doty Treaty, which included up to $ 150,000 to compensate traders for debts held by the
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Land ceded to the U.S. by the Ojibwe (242), Dakota (243) and Winnebago (245) in 1837 treaties (now part of Wisconsin)
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1454:. She appointed roughly two dozen "lady managers" to assist fundraising efforts for the historical preservation of
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In 1835, Sibley started lobbying for the establishment of a post office at Fort Snelling with regular service from
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1374:, a Catholic missionary, baptized "Hélène," daughter of Tahshinahohindoway and an unnamed father, with fur trader
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center on both the United States and Canadian sides. His first job was as a clerk working for John Hulbert, whose
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2668:. On November 25, he became commander of the newly created Military District of Minnesota, with headquarters in
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of the Dakota would not become a homeland for indigenous peoples where Helen might have lived with her mother."
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approved 39 of the 303 death sentences after having two advisors review them. Thirty-eight men were hanged at
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records, the fur trade in Minnesota "was in its most flourishing condition" in the years leading up to 1837.
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However, any hope that the treaty would be ratified quickly disappeared as animosity grew between President
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in 1849 and eventually served as president. He joined the Old Settlers' association of that state in 1858.
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traders, complicated by the fact that some debts had been incurred before the company reorganized in 1834.
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However, in the summer and fall of 1837, the United States government signed three major treaties with the
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were active in engineering the agreement. The treaty was contingent on land being secured from either the
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4780:"Henry H. Sibley: An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society - Manuscript Collection"
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2637:; by November 7, they had cut the total number of death sentences to 303. On December 6, 1862, President
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16 prison terms. Sibley approved all death sentences except for one and passed the results on to General
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1965:
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and pregnancies, which kept her confined to bed for much of the time. In July 1859, she sent MVLA Regent
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military reservation. Henry Sibley lived with his family in Mendota until 1862, when he sold his home to
1120:, the Treaty with the Chippewa, or the "White Pine Treaty". The Ojibwe treaty named his business partner
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808:
544:. She married Solomon Sibley in Marietta in 1802 at the age of twenty, after which she moved to Detroit.
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in September 1858, where Helen was one of 33 young women selected to represent the states of the Union.
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During his bachelor years, Sibley hosted many famous travelers in his home, including French geographer
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1981:
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after he died only a month after inauguration, and Tyler's inherited cabinet, as well as the national
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Gabriel Renville: From the Dakota War to the Creation of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Reservation, 1825-1892
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2013:
1945:
1692:. Sibley also opened the first general store in Mendota together with his clerk and business partner
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Henry Sibley sought to diversify his own business activities into other areas, even as he worked for
1116:
On July 29, 1837, Henry Sibley was a signatory to the U.S. treaty with the Ojibwe, also known as the
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essentially worthless. The partners of the American Fur Company were on the brink of financial ruin.
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as president and senior partner. Sibley approached Crooks directly and asked to be released from his
657:
4619:
Massacre in Minnesota: The Dakota War of 1862, the Most Violent Ethnic Conflict in American History.
1688:. Business grew as the population of lumbermen and metal prospectors increased steadily east of the
1312:
In 1836, Sibley hired John Mueller to start building work in St. Peters at what is now known as the
1248:
to extend their original contract with American Fur Company for another year, until August 1, 1841.
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Land ceded to the U.S. by the Ojibwe (242) and Dakota (243) in 1837 treaties (now part of Minnesota)
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Massacre in Minnesota: The Dakota War of 1862, the Most Violent Ethnic Conflict in American History
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from 1875 to 1876. He was awarded an honorary LL.D. from the College of New Jersey (later known as
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Joseph R. Brown sold his fur trade interests to Sibley and later became an important political ally
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1466:. The advisory board also included many of Henry Sibley's business contacts such as Richard Chute,
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The Wisconsin Territory's At-large congressional district was eliminated with the creation of the
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and Company. Because cash was scarce, many customers including white settlers paid for goods with
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valley, while Rice found his strongest support from his own employees and business associates at
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became a state on May 29, 1848, with Wisconsin's northwestern border finally pushed back to the
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In the spring of 1829, Sibley entered into an apprenticeship as a clerk and storekeeper for the
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1268:) on October 28, 1834, he was "struck with the picturesque beauty of the scene" looking out at
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Henry was the fourth of eight children and second son of Solomon and Sarah Sibley. During the
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Henry Hastings Sibley contributed to the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, to
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In the summer of 1848, the Winnebago reluctantly began to move, with assistance from Colonel
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1760:, even though this brought them into direct competition with Sibley's own traders including
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had assaulted several American Fur Company traders, killing Louis Provencalle Jr., wounding
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Norman Kittson worked for Sibley as head of the Upper Mississippi Outfit's western business
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4178:"Minnesota's Separation from Wisconsin: Boundary Making on the Upper Mississippi Frontier"
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Kinsmen of Another Kind: Dakota-White Relations in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1650-1862
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Sibley served as the president of several railroads, banks, and other large corporations.
2645:, December 26, 1862, including at least one whose sentence had been commuted by President
2203:, favored the treaty, but the main obstacle to ratification was the opposition of Senator
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2788:. Sibley passed a hat and raised $ 63.60 from the board members which was contributed to
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certificate "H.H. Sibley" as a witness. Tragically, Helen died less than a year later of
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520:. Both Sproat and Whipple had received land grants after they lost their fortunes in the
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Henry Hastings Sibley, Minnesota Research Reference Library-Legislators Past and Present
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Sibley's trade with the western Dakota bands declined sharply in the 1840s. In 1844, a
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sub-chief, and of partly French descent. They were part of a hunting expedition to the
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On August 1, 1842, the American Fur Company sold its interest in the Western Outfit to
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were allowed in the meetings as staff assistants who could also serve as interpreters.
1131:, infuriated by what he viewed as trader meddling when the Ojibwe treaty was signed at
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919:. Nevertheless, Sibley worked diligently to try to maximize profits, and according to
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nearly resulted in a collapse of the U.S. banking and monetary system, triggering an
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632:, which were garrisoned there. After a few months, he agreed to work as an agent for
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4358:"Indian Wars of Minnesota" (Document). The Military Historical Society of Minnesota.
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Sibley dedicated considerable energy to trying to resolve the railroad bond issue.
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After his military service, Sibley was active in settling several Indian treaties.
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823:) on October 28, 1834. During his journey to St. Peters, Sibley was accompanied by
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3780:"First Lady of Preservation: Sarah Sibley and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association"
3568:"The Removal of the Mdewakanton Dakota in 1837: A Case for Jacksonian Paternalism"
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On May 2, 1843, Henry Sibley married Sarah Jane Steele, the 20-year-old sister of
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3952:"Henry H. Sibley residence, 417 Woodward, St. Paul: Collections Online: mnhs.org"
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on March 3, 1849. He was subsequently elected as the first representative of the
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Franklin Steele (1853–63), Mary Steele (1855–63), and Alexander Hastings (1864).
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Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin Territory
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Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota Territory
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had become more protective of their hunting zones, even refusing access to the
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In December 1866, Henry Sibley took the lead in reestablishing the St. Paul
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On June 20, 1828, at the age of seventeen, Henry H. Sibley left Detroit for
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Henry's mother, born Sarah Whipple Sproat, was the only daughter of Colonel
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He also served a variety of civic organizations. He became a member of the
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2012:, because justice of the peace Joseph Brown was away at the legislature in
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that the influx of squatters seemed "hasty" and premature. Meanwhile, many
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on November 1. Sibley stayed at the largest log house, which belonged to
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prepared to retire, the company was in the midst of reorganization as a
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History of the Santee Sioux : United States Indian policy on trial
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2096:
1109:
urging him to lobby his Washington connections to prevent Indian agent
768:
608:
473:
330:
4692:
Makers of Minnesota: An Illustrated Story of the Builders of Our State
4557:
Old Betsey: The Life and Times of a Famous Dakota Woman and Her Family
1802:
After the death of Joseph Renville in 1846, young Canadian fur trader
656:; mother of three daughters including Native American literary writer
600:
finally agreed to allow Henry to pursue a career of his own choosing.
6230:
5751:
5731:
5721:
5571:
5241:
5111:
4677:
Dakota Child, Governor's Daughter: The Life of Helen Hastings Sibley.
2460:, where Rice was said to have bought votes outright on election day.
2430:. By that logic, Catlin himself was now acting governor by law. Once
2363:
2335:
2308:
2116:
1649:
1633:
1491:
1451:
1195:
Even before the treaties were ratified, however, the area around the
867:
valleys to the southwest. Sibley also managed three distant posts at
819:
dated November 1, Sibley finally arrived in St. Peters (now known as
715:
700:
669:
653:
423:
3891:
Dakota Child, Governor's Daughter: The Life of Helen Hastings Sibley
2905:
Among his work for the Minnesota Historical Society were memoirs of
1928:, each held one-sixth. Sibley would later come to regret this move.
1536:
identified Miss Delaware as "Helen Sibley" with no further comment.
1386:
1096:
tribes, in which they agreed to give up all their lands east of the
965:
which he had run for over 20 years. By the fall of 1835, Sibley and
895:'s father-in-law, who ran a post at Little Rapids (near present-day
6571:
6441:
5381:
5121:
3304:
Sibley, Henry Hastings (December 1927). Blegen, Theodore C. (ed.).
2654:
2514:
2369:
2327:
2236:
2192:
2167:
1920:
1863:
1855:
View of Mendota from Fort Snelling (1848), painting by Seth Eastman
1482:
1446:
From 1856 until her death in 1869, Sarah Jane Sibley served on the
1144:
discovered, and nearly a dozen traders, including Henry Sibley and
1093:
1021:
596:
564:
4324:"Guide to a Microfilm Edition of The Henry Hastings Sibley Papers"
3986:"Guide to a Microfilm Edition of The Henry Hastings Sibley Papers"
3479:(Reprint ed.). St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
2965:
Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance
2302:
1792:
6411:
5101:
2478:
2355:
1895:
1860:
1512:
1176:
704:
560:
482:
235:
3927:"Who Was Jane Lamont? Anglo-Dakota Daughters in Early Minnesota"
3091:
2134:
in 1830, many of whom owed sizable debts to the Western Outfit.
830:
644:
fur trader who had died that year. Mrs. Johnston, also known as
4078:"Competition and Consolidation: The Galena Packet Co., 1847-63"
2252:
1788:
1736:
In 1842, Sibley briefly entered into a secret arrangement with
1726:
1605:
1595:
Hercules L. Dousman, Sibley's business partner in many ventures
1416:
1220:
and Dakota faced near starvation. In April 1838, couriers from
1085:
1013:
953:
Sibley removed Hazen Mooers, a fur trader who was popular with
649:
625:
4709:
The Ancestry, Life and Times of the Hon. Henry Hastings Sibley
2414:
Election for Congressional delegate from "Wisconsin Territory"
1936:
Henry Sibley was initiated into public life as a young man in
1291:
1264:
When Henry Sibley first arrived in St. Peters (in present-day
2689:
2068:
Much to the surprise of Henry Sibley and the partners of the
703:. Despite a severe storm, damage to the canoe, and news of a
696:
4516:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 71.
4473:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 72.
4448:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 69.
4398:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 65.
4373:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 31.
2503:
Legislator in Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives
2083:
On July 31, 1841, Governor Doty concluded a treaty with the
1295:
The Sibley House, now part of the Sibley House Historic Site
6517:
4983:
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
3083:
The ancestry, life, and times of Hon. Henry Hastings Sibley
2780:
but was too ill to provide for herself. Betsey, an elderly
2378:
which had been called by several concerned citizens of the
2374:
On August 26, 1848, Sibley attended a "convention" held in
2048:. Bell had long been a proponent of a plan commissioned by
1244:
Western Outfit partners including Henry Sibley agreed with
719:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
2752:
Minnesota Historical Society and Old Settler's Association
1664:
In 1844, Sibley contracted with David Faribault to open a
1363:
men and their families, as well as mixed-blood fur trader
4787:
4756:. First published July 16, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
3646:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 56–61.
3615:"1837 Land Cession Treaties with the Ojibwe & Dakota"
2820:
In 1867 he was appointed to the board of visitors to the
2464:
Speech before House Committee and recognition by Congress
2401:
Henry Mower Rice became a major political rival to Sibley
2044:
John Bell moved quickly to try to purchase land from the
1902:
From 1842 to 1846, Sibley also bought buffalo hides from
1677:
981:
at Lac qui Parle, and asked Brown to keep an eye on him.
4344:
3808:
2230:
2103:
On August 4, 1841, Doty concluded a similar treaty with
1883:
had to extend credit to the Dakota in the form of food.
1632:
In the 1840s, Hercules Dousman became interested in the
4633:
Henry H. Sibley, Pioneer of Culture and Frontier Author
3306:"The Unfinished Autobiography of Henry Hastings Sibley"
3280:
2828:. He was also president of the board of regents of the
2527:
1481:
In her later years, Sarah Jane suffered from recurring
1407:
who had staked the first claim to the east bank of the
1207:, causing Chief Big Thunder Little Crow to complain to
5950:
Districts 9–10 and statewide general ticket (obsolete)
4226:. Vol. 1. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society.
3712:
November 1 gives his arrival date as October 28, 1834.
3037:"Judge Solomon Sibley and Sarah Whipple Sproat Sibley"
2986:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
2095:
as secretary, although several major chiefs including
1346:
1124:
as one of three fur traders to receive debt payments.
555:
was surrounded by forces led by British Major General
4857:
Minnesota Territory's at-large congressional district
4830:
Wisconsin Territory's at-large congressional district
4423:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 226.
4243:. Springfield, IL: Union Publishing Company. p.
2719:
with the disbandment of the district in August 1866.
2489:
Minnesota Territory's At-large congressional district
1644:, Bernard Brisbois and others, purchased shares in a
1288:, whose business Sibley took over the following year.
6046:
6016:
5956:
5846:
5761:
5646:
5526:
5416:
5276:
5141:
5001:
4795:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
4770:"Governors of Minnesota: Henry H. (Hastings) Sibley"
4644:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War.
4542:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
4240:
History of Crawford and Richland Counties, Wisconsin
3673:
Indian affairs: laws and treaties, Vol. 2 (Treaties)
3598:
Indian affairs: laws and treaties, Vol. 2 (Treaties)
2924:
1931:
1783:
In 1844, Kittson started building a trading post at
4559:. Rochester, Minnesota: Coyote Press. p. 113.
4514:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War
4471:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War
4446:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War
4396:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War
4371:
The Dakota War of 1862: Minnesota's Other Civil War
4267:. Leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved on September 10, 2011.
3005:"DAR Historical Markers - MinnesotaStateSocietyDAR"
1910:
1505:
847:). The main store in St. Peters served five nearby
16:
American politician and military leader (1811–1891)
3688:"Ramsay Crooks and the Fur Trade of the Northwest"
3383:"Henry Hastings Sibley and the Minnesota Frontier"
2277:. In the fall of 1847, Sibley wrote to his friend
2211:. Sibley enlisted help from influencers including
1744:allowing them to conduct trade on a cash basis at
1707:
1608:of St. Croix valley to cut timber along the Upper
934:and Hazen Mooers had traditionally rewarded loyal
4049:"Steamboating in the Upper Mississippi Fur Trade"
3504:. Pierre: South Dakota Historical Society Press.
2883:population of almost one and one-half millions."
2623:
2612:After that, he was involved in the engagement of
1307:
1303:Front view of Sibley's limestone house in Mendota
778:
6821:People of North Dakota in the American Civil War
6806:Members of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature
6747:
4713:St. Paul: Pioneer Press. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
4126:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
4082:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
3246:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.
2722:
2515:President of Minnesota Constitutional Convention
2370:Appointment as delegate by Stillwater convention
1822:
1474:, and family friends such as John S. Prince and
1394:
1051:
648:(Woman of the Green Glade), was the daughter of
4723:Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society
4279:"Can Dayton Catch Lightning in a Bottle Twice?"
2763:
2303:Boundary with Wisconsin and governmental vacuum
2024:
1955:
1819:, and Sibley himself visited the area in 1847.
783:In October 1834, 23-year-old Henry Sibley left
437:Numerous places are named after him, including
4495:Execution 150 Years Ago Spurs Calls for Pardon
4015:"Last Days of the Upper Mississippi Fur Trade"
3846:"Reminiscences of the Early Days of Minnesota"
3777:
3447:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2982:
2871:A close-up of Sibley's and wife Sarah's marker
2479:Congressional delegate for Minnesota Territory
1725:to refrain from trading along the border with
1599:
402:(February 20, 1811 – February 18, 1891) was a
6816:People of Minnesota in the American Civil War
6468:
6167:
4967:
3566:Anderson, Gary Clayton (September 26, 1980).
2730:
2628:Between September 28 and November 5, 1862, a
2553:
2456:, as well as the majority of mill workers at
2072:Western Outfit, John Bell appointed Governor
1182:
851:villages, the "mixed-blood" community around
3343:"How Henry Sibley Took the Road to New Hope"
1659:
6575:Map of Minnesota highlighting Sibley County
4236:
2943:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
1894:, who succeeded his father as chief of the
1640:In 1847, Dousman and Sibley, together with
1450:as Vice Regent in charge of fundraising in
674:Native American tribes in the United States
468:
6475:
6461:
6181:
6174:
6160:
4994:
4974:
4960:
4276:
3380:
2684:For the next two years Sibley and General
1571:
1043:, contacting his political connections in
803:. On the Wisconsin River, he found a tiny
38:
2746:
2123:, who had refused to attend the signing.
2019:
1940:when he received his first commission as
1721:Fur Company's agreement with the British
187:October 30, 1848 – March 3, 1849
4716:
4689:
4665:St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society.
4554:
4418:
4298:"Index to Politicians: Siaca to Sifford"
4152:"The oldest murder mystery in Minnesota"
4121:
4046:
3778:Grabitske, David M. (Winter 2003–2004).
3565:
3499:
3474:
3269:
2968:. Minnesota Historical Society. p.
2738:
2696:. This campaign included the battles of
2557:
2396:
2326:
2059:
2038:1840 United States presidential election
1850:
1846:
1698:
1627:
1590:
1496:
1385:
1298:
1290:
1063:
1055:
998:
834:
607:
472:
6791:Democratic Party governors of Minnesota
4729:. Minnesota Historical Society: 257–310
4621:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
4221:
4149:
4047:Petersen, William J. (April 28, 1932).
3924:
3685:
3619:Relations: Dakota & Ojibwe Treaties
3442:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
2422:, who had been secretary of the former
1327:and may have been "on loan" to Sibley.
1272:perched high above the junction of the
1007:
603:
64:May 24, 1858 – January 2, 1860
6748:
4511:
4468:
4443:
4393:
4368:
4295:
4237:Butterfield, Consul Willshire (1884).
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4145:
4143:
4071:
4069:
4042:
4040:
4012:
3979:
3977:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3759:Encyclopedia of biography of Minnesota
3722:
3720:
3718:
3637:
3635:
3609:
3607:
3587:
3585:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3524:
3445:North Country: The Making of Minnesota
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3401:– via JSTOR on Internet Archive.
3340:
3303:
3241:
2562:Henry Hastings Sibley in uniform, 1862
2544:
1684:. From 1847, the store was managed by
1652:running on a regular schedule between
1259:
718:, which required him to canvass rural
612:American Fur Company store in Mackinac
6456:
6155:
5948:
4993:
4955:
4790:"Henry Hastings Sibley (id: S000396)"
4663:Henry Hastings Sibley: Divided Heart.
4321:
4277:Ostermeier, Eric (December 6, 2013).
4075:
3983:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3686:Ruckman, J. Ward (January 11, 1926).
3641:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3381:Shortridge, Wilson P. (August 1919).
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
2961:
2815:
2675:
2576:
2418:In parallel with these developments,
2231:Lobbyist against Winnebago relocation
2191:in the region. The two senators from
2115:with securing signatures from chiefs
1672:, which was initially independent of
811:. After spending several days at the
580:and his defeat of the British in the
551:, when Henry was just 18 months old,
512:, and the granddaughter of Commodore
134:July 7, 1849 – March 3, 1853
4754:MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
4654:(First published under the title of
4538:"SIBLEY, Henry Hastings (1811-1891)"
4175:
4124:Little Crow: Spokesman for the Sioux
3888:
3728:"Houses of the Sibley Historic Site"
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3265:
3263:
3244:Henry Hastings Sibley: Divided Heart
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
2776:, who was living on his property in
2585:appointed former Governor Sibley as
2528:First governor of state of Minnesota
2111:, and then left, tasking Sibley and
1980:. He had been appointed by Governor
1919:, who had taken over trade with the
1772:, and sending traders out along the
979:his own stockade and soldiers' lodge
576:after its recapture by U.S. General
569:Daughters of the American Revolution
477:Judge Solomon Sibley, Henry's father
426:, and a U.S. military leader in the
4200:
4169:
4140:
4066:
4037:
3974:
3863:
3828:
3766:
3732:Friends of the Sibley Historic Site
3715:
3666:
3632:
3604:
3591:
3582:
3544:
3405:
3276:. Minnesota Historical Collections.
2843:
2601:, which had been under attack from
2597:to lead an expedition of relief to
2499:from July 7, 1849 – March 3, 1853.
2297:
1347:Relationship with Red Blanket Woman
1036:left the fort with unpaid credits.
875:, and a third location serving the
831:American Fur Company "Sioux Outfit"
532:, and attended boarding schools in
13:
6570:
6483:Municipalities and communities of
4611:
4493:Elder, Robert (December 13, 2010)
4315:
3925:Carroll, Jane Lamm (Spring 2005).
3907:
3525:Gilman, Rhoda R. (July 16, 2014).
3461:
3365:
3086:. St. Paul, Minn.: Pioneer Press.
1494:on May 21, 1869, at the age of 46.
1390:First Lady Sarah Jane Sibley, 1858
961:hunters, from his trading post at
946:about these changes. Hunters from
481:Henry Hastings Sibley was born in
14:
6852:
6766:19th-century American politicians
4742:
4719:"Henry Hastings Sibley: A Memoir"
4603:Memoir of Jean Baptiste Faribault
4107:"Mendota, The Deserted Village".
3669:"Treaty with the Winnebago, 1837"
3323:
3260:
3098:
3054:
3022:
2132:Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien
1932:Early experience in public office
1547:
508:, a distinguished officer in the
430:and a subsequent expedition into
412:U.S. Congressional representative
19:For the Confederate general, see
6220:
4717:Williams, John Fletcher (1894).
4176:Lass, William E. (Winter 1987).
4150:Mumford, Tracy (July 17, 2015).
4076:Toole, Robert C. (Autumn 1964).
4013:Gilman, Rhoda R. (Winter 1970).
3893:. Mendota: Greenhaven Printing.
3850:Minnesota Historical Collections
3594:"Treaty with the Chippewa, 1837"
3341:Gilman, Rhoda R. (Summer 1991).
2927:
2886:
2864:
2852:
1911:Formation of the Northern Outfit
1620:, Sibley and Warren joined with
1506:Relationship with daughter Helen
1448:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
741:, with Astor's chief lieutenant
526:early pioneers in Marietta, Ohio
357:
348:
305:
287:
5012:Territorial Delegate, 1849–1858
4617:Anderson, Gary Clayton (2019).
4596:
4585:
4573:
4548:
4530:
4505:
4487:
4462:
4437:
4419:Anderson, Gary Clayton (2019).
4412:
4387:
4362:
4289:
4270:
4258:
4230:
4222:Folwell, William Watts (1921).
4122:Anderson, Gary Clayton (1986).
4115:
4100:
4006:
3944:
3802:
3750:
3705:
3679:
3660:
3518:
3500:Anderson, Gary Clayton (2018).
3493:
3475:Anderson, Gary Clayton (1997).
3273:Henry Hastings Sibley: A Memoir
2666:7th Minnesota Infantry Regiment
2593:. He was directed to the upper
1708:Trade with the Métis and Ojibwe
628:supplied four companies of the
6811:People from Mendota, Minnesota
6781:People from Michigan Territory
4750:"Sibley, Henry H. (1811-1891)"
4679:Mendota: Greenhaven Printing.
4646:Minnesota Historical Society.
3809:Minnesota Historical Society.
3527:"Sibley, Henry H. (1811–1891)"
3443:Wingerd, Mary Lethert (2010).
3270:Williams, J. Fletcher (1894).
2997:
2976:
2955:
2878:Henry Hastings Sibley died in
2717:Military District of Minnesota
2624:Military commission and trials
2279:Charles Christopher Trowbridge
2150:, who had succeeded President
1716:'s Western Outfit was sold to
1501:Helen Hastings Sibley (Wakiye)
1308:Home in Saint Peters (Mendota)
879:between the headwaters of the
779:Fur trade in Minnesota country
668:who later became a well-known
1:
4852:U.S. House of Representatives
4825:U.S. House of Representatives
4808:U.S. House of Representatives
4774:Minnesota Historical Society.
4764:Minnesota Historical Society.
4631:Blegen, Theodore C. (1934). "
4592:Memoir of Hercules L. Dousman
2989:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
2834:Board of Indian Commissioners
2792:, specifically for her care.
2723:Involvement in Indian affairs
2711:On November 29, 1865, he was
2581:On August 19, 1862, Governor
1875:bands, and traders including
1823:Provisions for British troops
1564:wholesale merchant, in 1875.
1429:Pennsylvania General Assembly
1395:Marriage to Sarah Jane Steele
1052:Land cession treaties of 1837
709:Michigan Territorial Governor
164:U.S. House of Representatives
111:U.S. House of Representatives
4690:Pedersen, Kern Owen (1949).
4331:Minnesota Historical Society
4322:Davis, Jane Spector (1968).
3993:Minnesota Historical Society
3984:Davis, Jane Spector (1968).
2764:St. Paul Chamber of Commerce
2758:Minnesota Historical Society
2025:Lobbyist for the Doty Treaty
1956:Magistrate in Iowa Territory
986:Sisseton and Wahpeton Dakota
903:, who ran a trading post at
771:, based at the mouth of the
7:
6771:American Fur Company people
4800:Retrieved December 1, 2008.
3667:Kappler, Charles J. (ed.).
3642:Meyer, Roy Willard (1967).
3592:Kappler, Charles J. (ed.).
2920:
2209:Committee on Indian Affairs
1600:Timber and sawmill business
1427:and as a legislator in the
1224:informed Sibley that angry
1032:, and many soldiers in the
10:
6857:
4782:. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
4694:. St. Paul, MN: Pederson.
4656:The Sioux Uprising of 1862
4580:Memoir of Jean N. Nicollet
3387:Minnesota History Bulletin
2859:Sibley family grave column
2731:Ongoing business interests
2565:
2554:Role in Dakota War of 1862
1337:St. Peters Catholic Parish
1314:Sibley House Historic Site
1183:Aftermath of 1837 treaties
681:American Fur Company (AFC)
630:U.S. 5th Infantry Regiment
522:American Revolutionary War
18:
6721:
6711:
6680:
6582:
6568:
6516:
6497:
6229:
6218:
6189:
6045:
6015:
5955:
5944:
5845:
5760:
5645:
5525:
5415:
5275:
5140:
5000:
4989:
4940:
4931:
4913:
4908:
4898:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4863:
4848:
4843:
4821:
4813:
4806:
3844:Sibley, Henry H. (1880).
3242:Gilman, Rhoda R. (2004).
2935:American Civil War portal
1666:general merchandise store
1660:General merchandise store
1618:White Pine Treaty of 1837
969:had replaced Mooers with
658:Jane Johnston Schoolcraft
393:
379:
371:
344:
336:
322:
300:
295:
283:
273:
263:
246:
222:
217:
213:
203:
191:
180:
160:
148:
138:
127:
107:
95:
78:
68:
57:
50:
46:
37:
30:
6831:Sibley County, Minnesota
6826:Politicians from Detroit
6486:Sibley County, Minnesota
4874:Party political offices
4788:United States Congress.
4766:Retrieved June 16, 2021.
4706:West, Nathaniel (1889).
4661:Gilman, Rhoda R (2004).
4642:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
4512:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
4469:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
4444:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
4394:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
4369:Carley, Kenneth (1976).
3080:West, Nathaniel (1889).
2948:
2901:The Turf, Field and Farm
2281:regarding the Winnebago:
2052:and written by Reverend
2029:Following the defeat of
1439:, and moved with him to
801:a two-mile portage trail
726:on horseback in winter.
530:Providence, Rhode Island
469:Early life and education
439:Sibley County, Minnesota
144:Constituency established
4838:Constituency abolished
4675:Kohn, Bruce A. (2012).
4555:Diedrich, Mark (1995).
4302:The Political Graveyard
3889:Kohn, Bruce A. (2012).
2983:Gannett, Henry (1905).
2915:Jean Baptiste Faribault
2907:Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
2832:, and president of the
2830:University of Minnesota
2519:He was a member of the
2235:In October 1846, a few
2207:, who also chaired the
2201:Augustus Seymour Porter
2091:, with assistance from
1984:of the newly organized
1915:In the summer of 1848,
1892:Taoyateduta Little Crow
1762:Jean-Baptiste Faribault
1572:Other business ventures
1403:, an entrepreneur from
1139:treaty negotiations to
1074:financial panic of 1837
1034:First Infantry Regiment
889:Jean-Baptiste Faribault
660:; and mother-in-law of
455:Sibley Memorial Highway
6576:
6183:Governors of Minnesota
4995:Districts 1–8 (active)
4776:Archived June 6, 2009.
4296:Kestenbaum, Lawrence.
4224:A History of Minnesota
3815:Historic Fort Snelling
2962:Upham, Warren (1920).
2747:Civic responsibilities
2563:
2485:Territory of Minnesota
2476:
2402:
2392:territory of Minnesota
2332:
2287:
2189:Native American tribes
2152:William Henry Harrison
2144:
2070:American Fur Company's
2065:
2020:Lobbying in Washington
1995:
1856:
1704:
1596:
1502:
1391:
1304:
1296:
1169:United States Congress
1159:and former AFC trader
1069:
1061:
1004:
840:
613:
578:William Henry Harrison
493:(1769–1846), was from
478:
354:Brigadier General, USV
209:Constituency abolished
6574:
4934:Governor of Minnesota
4890:Governor of Minnesota
2822:U.S. Military Academy
2802:Cushman Kellogg Davis
2561:
2471:
2400:
2330:
2283:
2185:John Canfield Spencer
2140:
2063:
1991:
1873:Sisseton and Wahpeton
1854:
1847:Trade with the Dakota
1702:
1628:Steamboat investments
1594:
1534:The Daily Minnesotian
1500:
1487:Ann Pamela Cunningham
1441:Saint Paul, Minnesota
1415:and had operated the
1389:
1359:, which included 150
1302:
1294:
1226:Sisseton and Wahpeton
1153:Joel Roberts Poinsett
1067:
1059:
1002:
917:traditional fur trade
909:Upper Minnesota River
838:
805:stern-wheel steamboat
611:
495:Sutton, Massachusetts
476:
400:Henry Hastings Sibley
375:District of Minnesota
337:Years of service
257:Saint Paul, Minnesota
52:Governor of Minnesota
32:Henry Hastings Sibley
6776:American fur traders
6734:United States portal
4109:The Saint Paul Globe
3956:collections.mnhs.org
3572:South Dakota History
3041:Sibley House Detroit
3009:www.minnesotadar.net
2838:Princeton University
2790:Saint Peter's Church
2394:as soon as possible.
2100:agreed to as gifts.
1976:, and across to the
1942:justice of the peace
1829:Hudson's Bay Company
1723:Hudson's Bay Company
1714:American Fur Company
1686:William Henry Forbes
1582:American Fur Company
1462:and future governor
1376:William Henry Forbes
1190:American Fur Company
1179:the following year.
1118:Treaty of St. Peters
1103:American Fur Company
1008:Government contracts
1003:Fort Snelling (1844)
921:American Fur Company
813:American Fur Company
731:American Fur Company
604:Entry into fur trade
582:Battle of the Thames
528:. Sarah was born in
443:Sibley, North Dakota
408:American Fur Company
21:Henry Hopkins Sibley
6841:Wisconsin Democrats
6836:Union Army generals
4925:Minnesota Territory
4923:as Governor of the
3675:. pp. 499–500.
2911:Hercules L. Dousman
2894:Spirit of the Times
2880:St. Paul, Minnesota
2770:Chamber of Commerce
2739:Railroad bond issue
2630:military commission
2545:Railroad bond issue
2432:John Hubbard Tweedy
2424:Wisconsin Territory
2408:Morton S. Wilkinson
2382:valley, as well as
2342:. The residents of
2322:Hercules L. Dousman
2315:. In January 1848,
2241:Hercules L. Dousman
2213:Pierre Chouteau Jr.
2113:Hercules L. Dousman
2078:Wisconsin Territory
2031:Jacksonian Democrat
2010:Wisconsin Territory
1968:on the west of the
1950:George Bryan Porter
1674:Pierre Chouteau Jr.
1622:Hercules L. Dousman
1586:Pierre Chouteau Jr.
1530:transatlantic cable
1476:William Gates LeDuc
1413:Saint Anthony Falls
1365:Alexander Faribault
1325:Hercules L. Dousman
1260:Marriage and family
1253:Pierre Chouteau Jr.
1157:Alexander Faribault
1122:Hercules L. Dousman
1111:Lawrence Taliaferro
1078:economic depression
1026:Second Seminole War
1014:army sutler's store
967:Jean Joseph Rolette
944:Lawrence Taliaferro
761:Hercules L. Dousman
757:Jean Joseph Rolette
747:employment contract
712:George Bryan Porter
646:Ozhaguscodaywayquay
567:. According to the
459:General Sibley Park
451:Hastings, Minnesota
416:Minnesota Territory
169:Wisconsin Territory
116:Minnesota Territory
89:Minnesota Territory
6786:Dakota War of 1862
6577:
4909:Political offices
4196:– via JSTOR.
4111:. August 16, 1903.
4033:– via JSTOR.
3798:– via JSTOR.
3361:– via JSTOR.
2816:Board appointments
2786:Dakota War of 1862
2676:Expedition of 1863
2577:Commanding Officer
2568:Dakota War of 1862
2564:
2403:
2364:state of Wisconsin
2333:
2313:Mississippi Rivers
2197:William Woodbridge
2164:Thomas Hart Benton
2089:Traverse des Sioux
2085:Sisseton, Wahpeton
2066:
1938:Michigan Territory
1857:
1754:Traverse des Sioux
1752:at Little Rapids,
1718:Pierre Choteau Jr.
1705:
1634:steamboat industry
1597:
1503:
1392:
1305:
1297:
1278:Mississippi Rivers
1266:Mendota, Minnesota
1137:Mdewakanton Dakota
1070:
1062:
1045:Michigan Territory
1005:
994:Traverse des Sioux
990:Mdewakanton Dakota
955:Sisseton, Wahpeton
869:Traverse des Sioux
849:Mdewakanton Dakota
841:
821:Mendota, Minnesota
807:which took him to
767:north and west of
652:warrior and chief
614:
589:Richard Fish Cadle
487:Michigan Territory
479:
428:Dakota War of 1862
424:state of Minnesota
388:Dakota War of 1862
384:American Civil War
366:Major General, USV
327:United States Army
6743:
6742:
6450:
6449:
6193:(1849–1858)
6149:
6148:
6145:
6144:
5940:
5939:
4950:
4949:
4941:Succeeded by
4929:
4899:Succeeded by
4864:Succeeded by
4748:Gilman, Rhoda R.
4685:978-0-9885922-0-9
4652:978-0-87351-392-0
4637:Minnesota History
4627:978-0-8061-6434-2
4523:978-0-87351-392-0
4480:978-0-87351-392-0
4455:978-0-87351-392-0
4430:978-0-8061-6434-2
4405:978-0-87351-392-0
4380:978-0-87351-392-0
4182:Minnesota History
4056:Minnesota History
4019:Minnesota History
3934:Minnesota History
3900:978-0-9885922-0-9
3784:Minnesota History
3738:on March 31, 2022
3695:Minnesota History
3511:978-1-941813-06-5
3454:978-0-8166-4868-9
3347:Minnesota History
3313:Minnesota History
2806:John S. Pillsbury
2798:Cottonwood County
2702:Dead Buffalo Lake
2662:Stephen A. Miller
2491:, serving in the
2458:St. Anthony Falls
2360:St. Anthony Falls
2174:In January 1842,
2087:and Wahpekute in
1970:Mississippi River
1690:Mississippi River
1409:Mississippi River
1197:Upper Mississippi
1098:Mississippi River
1030:Florida Territory
662:Henry Schoolcraft
463:Sibley State Park
397:
396:
279:Sarah Hume Steele
277:Red Blanket Woman
250:February 18, 1891
233:February 20, 1811
6848:
6735:
6728:
6727:Minnesota portal
6573:
6509:
6502:
6492:
6487:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6454:
6453:
6234:
6224:
6223:
6194:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6093:
6083:
6058:
6050:
6028:
6020:
5988:
5968:
5960:
5946:
5945:
5893:
5858:
5850:
5803:
5773:
5765:
5693:
5658:
5650:
5598:
5538:
5530:
5483:
5428:
5420:
5348:
5288:
5280:
5218:
5153:
5145:
5093:
5033:
5013:
5005:
4991:
4990:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4944:Alexander Ramsey
4920:
4914:Preceded by
4850:Delegate to the
4845:New constituency
4823:Delegate to the
4814:Preceded by
4804:
4803:
4799:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4703:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4509:
4503:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4219:
4198:
4197:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3962:on July 25, 2021
3958:. Archived from
3948:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3922:
3905:
3904:
3886:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3775:
3764:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3734:. Archived from
3724:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3563:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3440:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3378:
3363:
3362:
3338:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3301:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3239:
3096:
3095:
3077:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3033:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2959:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2868:
2856:
2844:Death and legacy
2694:Dakota Territory
2605:warriors led by
2583:Alexander Ramsey
2538:Alexander Ramsey
2521:Democratic Party
2442:Henry Mower Rice
2298:Political career
2275:Crow Wing Rivers
2245:Henry Mower Rice
2181:Secretary of War
2074:James Duane Doty
2042:Secretary of War
2034:Martin Van Buren
1966:Prairie du Chien
1960:After moving to
1917:Henry Mower Rice
1654:Galena, Illinois
1642:Henry Mower Rice
1437:Galena, Illinois
1217:Hercules Dousman
1209:Agent Taliaferro
1201:St. Croix Rivers
1150:Secretary of War
1141:Washington, D.C.
1041:Prairie du Chien
885:Big Sioux Rivers
859:coming from the
855:, and groups of
809:Prairie du Chien
735:John Jacob Astor
699:paddled by nine
618:Sault Ste. Marie
518:Continental Navy
510:Continental Army
432:Dakota Territory
361:
352:
311:
309:
308:
296:Military service
291:
253:
232:
230:
218:Personal details
206:
194:
185:
151:
141:
132:
102:Alexander Ramsey
98:
81:
73:William Holcombe
62:
42:
28:
27:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6726:
6717:
6707:
6683:
6676:
6672:Washington Lake
6578:
6566:
6512:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6490:
6485:
6481:
6451:
6446:
6232:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6192:
6185:
6180:
6150:
6141:
6091:
6081:
6056:
6041:
6026:
6011:
5986:
5966:
5951:
5936:
5891:
5856:
5841:
5801:
5771:
5756:
5691:
5656:
5641:
5596:
5536:
5521:
5481:
5426:
5411:
5346:
5286:
5271:
5216:
5151:
5136:
5091:
5031:
5011:
4996:
4985:
4980:
4946:
4937:
4919:
4904:
4893:
4869:
4860:
4854:
4833:
4827:
4819:
4745:
4732:
4730:
4639:15(4): 382–394.
4614:
4612:Further reading
4609:
4608:
4601:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4553:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4510:
4506:
4492:
4488:
4481:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4294:
4290:
4275:
4271:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4201:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4074:
4067:
4051:
4045:
4038:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3929:
3923:
3908:
3901:
3887:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3842:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3811:"The Fur Trade"
3807:
3803:
3776:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3726:
3725:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3665:
3661:
3654:
3640:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3590:
3583:
3564:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3473:
3462:
3455:
3441:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3379:
3366:
3339:
3324:
3308:
3302:
3281:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3240:
3099:
3078:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2981:
2977:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2889:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2846:
2818:
2766:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2704:(July 26), and
2678:
2639:Abraham Lincoln
2626:
2595:Minnesota River
2579:
2570:
2556:
2547:
2530:
2517:
2505:
2497:32nd congresses
2481:
2466:
2416:
2388:Franklin Steele
2384:Joseph R. Brown
2372:
2340:St. Croix River
2305:
2300:
2233:
2217:Joseph Nicollet
2050:John C. Calhoun
2027:
2022:
2003:Joseph R. Brown
1958:
1946:Mackinac County
1934:
1913:
1904:Joseph R. Brown
1849:
1841:Red River Trail
1825:
1766:Joseph Renville
1750:Minnesota River
1738:Franklin Steele
1710:
1694:Hypolite Dupuis
1662:
1630:
1602:
1574:
1550:
1508:
1460:John B. Sanborn
1433:Thomas R. Potts
1401:Franklin Steele
1397:
1372:Augustin Ravoux
1349:
1321:Joseph Nicollet
1310:
1262:
1230:Joseph R. Brown
1185:
1146:Joseph R. Brown
1054:
1010:
975:Joseph Renville
971:Joseph R. Brown
932:Joseph Renville
901:Joseph Renville
877:Sisseton Dakota
833:
797:Wisconsin River
787:, traveling to
781:
773:Minnesota River
689:Michilimackinac
687:(then known as
636:, the widow of
606:
514:Abraham Whipple
506:Ebenezer Sproat
471:
386:
356:
329:
315:
306:
304:
278:
264:Political party
255:
251:
234:
228:
226:
204:
192:
186:
181:
172:
166:
162:
161:Delegate to the
149:
139:
133:
128:
119:
113:
109:
108:Delegate to the
96:
79:
63:
58:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6854:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6730:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6688:
6686:
6682:Unincorporated
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6227:
6226:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6048:General ticket
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5953:
5952:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4939:
4930:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4897:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4862:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4820:
4817:John H. Tweedy
4815:
4811:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4767:
4757:
4744:
4743:External links
4741:
4740:
4739:
4714:
4704:
4687:
4673:
4659:
4640:
4629:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4595:
4584:
4572:
4565:
4547:
4529:
4522:
4504:
4500:New York Times
4486:
4479:
4461:
4454:
4436:
4429:
4411:
4404:
4386:
4379:
4361:
4343:
4314:
4288:
4283:Smart Politics
4269:
4257:
4229:
4199:
4188:(8): 309–320.
4168:
4139:
4132:
4114:
4099:
4088:(3): 229–248.
4065:
4036:
4025:(4): 122–140.
4005:
3973:
3943:
3906:
3899:
3862:
3827:
3801:
3790:(8): 407–416.
3765:
3749:
3714:
3704:
3678:
3659:
3652:
3631:
3603:
3581:
3543:
3517:
3510:
3492:
3485:
3460:
3453:
3404:
3364:
3353:(6): 220–229.
3322:
3279:
3259:
3252:
3097:
3053:
3021:
2996:
2975:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2947:
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2922:
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2888:
2885:
2870:
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2814:
2765:
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2740:
2737:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2677:
2674:
2625:
2622:
2578:
2575:
2566:Main article:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2529:
2526:
2516:
2513:
2504:
2501:
2480:
2477:
2465:
2462:
2415:
2412:
2371:
2368:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2232:
2229:
2054:Jedidiah Morse
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
1986:Iowa Territory
1978:Missouri River
1957:
1954:
1948:from Governor
1933:
1930:
1926:Sylvanus Lowry
1912:
1909:
1881:Norman Kittson
1848:
1845:
1824:
1821:
1776:and the upper
1774:Sheyenne River
1770:Big Stone Lake
1742:Norman Kittson
1709:
1706:
1661:
1658:
1629:
1626:
1601:
1598:
1584:and later for
1573:
1570:
1549:
1548:Other children
1546:
1507:
1504:
1464:Henry A. Swift
1417:sutler's store
1396:
1393:
1348:
1345:
1309:
1306:
1261:
1258:
1184:
1181:
1053:
1050:
1022:local monopoly
1009:
1006:
832:
829:
795:, then to the
780:
777:
634:Susan Johnston
626:sutler's store
620:, a prominent
605:
602:
595:clergyman and
499:Marietta, Ohio
491:Solomon Sibley
489:. His father,
470:
467:
395:
394:
391:
390:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
346:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
324:
323:Branch/service
320:
319:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
254:(aged 79)
248:
244:
243:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
198:John H. Tweedy
195:
189:
188:
178:
177:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
125:
124:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
82:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6853:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6736:
6731:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6491:United States
6488:
6478:
6473:
6471:
6466:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6228:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6172:
6170:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:10th district
6014:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5954:
5947:
5943:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4935:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4917:Samuel Medary
4912:
4907:
4903:
4902:George Becker
4896:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4671:0-87351-484-X
4668:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4568:
4566:0-9616901-9-4
4562:
4558:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4365:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4261:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4133:0-87351-196-4
4129:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3978:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3940:(5): 192–194.
3939:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3760:
3753:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3653:9780803281097
3649:
3645:
3638:
3636:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3486:0-87351-353-3
3482:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3319:(4): 329–362.
3318:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3253:0-87351-484-X
3249:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3074:
3072:
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3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2887:Written works
2884:
2881:
2867:
2855:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2525:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2509:Dakota County
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2475:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:Robert Stuart
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:Thomas Benton
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:Ramsay Crooks
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:Alexis Bailly
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:Fort Snelling
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:John Chambers
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:Martin McLeod
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1833:Ramsay Crooks
1830:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1804:Martin McLeod
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Lac qui Parle
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1731:buffalo robes
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1712:In 1842, the
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:company with
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:Fort Snelling
1554:
1545:
1543:
1542:scarlet fever
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:Martin McLeod
1469:
1468:Alexis Bailly
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Fort Snelling
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1339:and moved to
1338:
1334:
1333:Fort Snelling
1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1286:Alexis Bailly
1283:
1282:Ramsay Crooks
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:Fort Snelling
1267:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1246:Ramsay Crooks
1241:
1239:
1238:Lac qui Parle
1235:
1234:Fort Renville
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Lake Traverse
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1161:Alexis Bailly
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Fort Snelling
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:Ramsay Crooks
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1058:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Fort Snelling
1015:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:Lake Traverse
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
942:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
912:
910:
906:
905:Lac qui Parle
902:
898:
894:
893:Alexis Bailly
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:Lake Traverse
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Fort Snelling
850:
846:
837:
828:
826:
825:Alexis Bailly
822:
818:
817:Ramsay Crooks
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
748:
744:
743:Ramsay Crooks
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:Robert Stuart
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:John Johnston
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
610:
601:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
475:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
392:
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
325:
321:
318:
314:
313:United States
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
258:
249:
245:
241:
237:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
202:
199:
196:
190:
184:
179:
175:
170:
165:
159:
156:
153:
147:
143:
137:
131:
126:
122:
117:
112:
106:
103:
100:
94:
90:
86:
85:Samuel Medary
83:
77:
74:
71:
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
6505:
6342:Christianson
6241:
6233:(since 1858)
6191:Territorial
6107:Christianson
5958:9th district
5892:1935–present
5848:8th district
5802:1935–present
5763:7th district
5692:1935–present
5648:6th district
5602:Christianson
5597:1935–present
5528:5th district
5482:1935–present
5418:4th district
5347:1935–present
5278:3rd district
5217:1935–present
5143:2nd district
5092:1935–present
5016:
5003:1st district
4932:
4922:
4921:
4888:nominee for
4884:
4879:
4849:
4844:
4837:
4822:
4793:
4773:
4763:
4753:
4731:. Retrieved
4726:
4722:
4707:
4691:
4676:
4662:
4655:
4643:
4636:
4618:
4598:
4587:
4575:
4556:
4550:
4541:
4532:
4513:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4470:
4464:
4445:
4439:
4420:
4414:
4395:
4389:
4370:
4364:
4334:. Retrieved
4330:
4317:
4305:. Retrieved
4301:
4291:
4282:
4272:
4260:
4248:. Retrieved
4239:
4232:
4223:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4159:. Retrieved
4155:
4123:
4117:
4108:
4102:
4085:
4081:
4059:
4055:
4022:
4018:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:the original
3955:
3946:
3937:
3933:
3890:
3853:. Retrieved
3849:
3818:. Retrieved
3814:
3804:
3787:
3783:
3758:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3736:the original
3731:
3707:
3698:
3694:
3681:
3672:
3662:
3643:
3622:. Retrieved
3618:
3597:
3575:
3571:
3534:. Retrieved
3530:
3520:
3501:
3495:
3476:
3444:
3395:. Retrieved
3393:(3): 115–125
3390:
3386:
3350:
3346:
3316:
3312:
3272:
3243:
3082:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:
3014:September 9,
3012:. Retrieved
3008:
2999:
2985:
2978:
2964:
2957:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2877:
2840:), in 1888.
2819:
2794:
2767:
2755:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2710:
2686:Alfred Sully
2683:
2679:
2659:
2651:
2627:
2614:Birch Coulee
2611:
2599:Fort Ridgely
2580:
2571:
2548:
2531:
2518:
2506:
2482:
2472:
2467:
2439:
2436:
2417:
2404:
2373:
2334:
2306:
2291:Seth Eastman
2288:
2284:
2269:between the
2264:
2257:
2234:
2225:
2173:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2125:
2102:
2082:
2067:
2028:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1959:
1935:
1914:
1901:
1888:Mdewakantons
1885:
1858:
1837:
1826:
1801:
1782:
1735:
1711:
1663:
1639:
1631:
1614:Snake Rivers
1603:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1509:
1480:
1456:Mount Vernon
1445:
1405:Pennsylvania
1398:
1369:
1350:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1263:
1250:
1242:
1194:
1186:
1173:
1165:
1135:, moved the
1126:
1115:
1083:
1071:
1038:
1011:
983:
952:
941:Indian agent
925:
913:
842:
782:
729:In 1834, as
728:
724:Pennsylvania
678:
666:Indian agent
615:
586:
573:William Hull
553:Fort Detroit
546:
542:Pennsylvania
538:Philadelphia
503:
480:
447:Sibley, Iowa
436:
418:, the first
410:, the first
399:
398:
380:Battles/wars
252:(1891-02-18)
205:Succeeded by
182:
150:Succeeded by
129:
97:Succeeded by
59:
25:
6761:1891 deaths
6756:1811 births
6684:communities
6501:County seat
6402:W. Anderson
6377:E. Anderson
5237:T. Hagedorn
5162:E.M. Wilson
5127:J. Hagedorn
2810:Minneapolis
2782:Mdewakanton
2700:(July 24),
2607:Little Crow
2420:John Catlin
2358:workers of
2267:Mississippi
2121:Wabasha III
2105:Mdewakanton
2097:Sleepy Eyes
1869:James River
1817:Mississippi
1813:Sauk Rivers
1778:James River
1748:and up the
1568:daughters.
1517:Mdewakanton
1425:War of 1812
1353:Mdewakanton
1213:Mdewakanton
928:fur traders
865:Cedar River
791:and up the
739:partnership
670:ethnologist
642:Scots-Irish
622:fur trading
557:Isaac Brock
549:War of 1812
501:, in 1798.
193:Preceded by
140:Preceded by
80:Preceded by
6750:Categories
6703:Rush River
6692:Assumption
6652:New Auburn
6637:Jessenland
6627:Green Isle
6557:New Auburn
6541:Green Isle
6122:H. Knutson
6002:C. Knutson
5972:Steenerson
5827:Stangeland
5697:H. Knutson
5687:H. Knutson
5607:D. Johnson
4938:1858–1860
4886:Democratic
4867:Henry Rice
4861:1849–1853
4834:1848–1849
4733:August 19,
4250:August 18,
3855:August 18,
2826:West Point
2706:Stony Lake
2591:volunteers
2535:Republican
2376:Stillwater
2354:, and the
2350:along the
2260:Lewis Cass
2156:Whig Party
2148:John Tyler
2040:, the new
1989:oversight:
1670:Saint Paul
1650:steamboats
1562:Saint Paul
1129:Taliaferro
1105:president
977:, who had
881:Des Moines
769:Lake Pepin
697:bark canoe
404:fur trader
331:Union Army
301:Allegiance
268:Democratic
229:1811-02-20
155:Henry Rice
69:Lieutenant
6712:Footnotes
6657:Severance
6632:Henderson
6597:Arlington
6584:Townships
6546:Henderson
6526:Arlington
6372:Youngdahl
6332:Burnquist
6277:Pillsbury
6137:Shoemaker
6062:Cavanaugh
5907:Pittenger
5897:Pittenger
5887:Pittenger
5857:1903–1933
5837:Fischbach
5772:1893–1933
5682:Lindbergh
5657:1893–1933
5612:Youngdahl
5552:Halvorson
5537:1883–1933
5437:Gilfillan
5427:1883–1933
5387:MacGregor
5377:MacKinnon
5372:Gallagher
5362:Alexander
5317:MacDonald
5287:1873–1933
5207:Ellsworth
5187:Wakefield
5152:1863–1933
5117:Gutknecht
5087:Christgau
5057:T. Wilson
5042:Wilkinson
5032:1863–1933
5027:Kingsbury
4855:from the
4828:from the
2713:brevetted
2698:Big Mound
2635:John Pope
2618:Wood Lake
2454:Crow Wing
2450:St. Croix
2380:St. Croix
2352:St. Croix
2348:lumbermen
2336:Wisconsin
2237:Winnebago
1921:Winnebago
1827:Both the
1746:Coldwater
1682:deerskins
1678:fur pelts
1610:St. Croix
1492:pneumonia
1452:Minnesota
1357:Red Cedar
1274:Minnesota
1094:Winnebago
793:Fox River
789:Green Bay
716:Cleveland
701:voyageurs
664:, a U.S.
654:Waubojeeg
593:Episcopal
534:Bethlehem
524:and were
434:in 1863.
406:with the
340:1862–1866
284:Signature
274:Spouse(s)
183:In office
167:from the
130:In office
114:from the
60:In office
6698:New Rome
6602:Bismarck
6592:Alfsborg
6562:Winthrop
6551:Le Sueur
6432:Pawlenty
6397:LeVander
6387:Andersen
6352:Petersen
6322:Eberhart
6312:Van Sant
6262:Marshall
6127:P. Kvale
5927:R. Nolan
5922:Cravaack
5917:Oberstar
5832:Peterson
5822:Bergland
5812:Andersen
5807:P. Kvale
5797:P. Kvale
5792:O. Kvale
5787:Volstead
5747:Bachmann
5727:Sikorski
5717:R. Nolan
5702:Marshall
5592:W. Nolan
5567:Fletcher
5557:Fletcher
5547:Comstock
5517:McCollum
5502:McCarthy
5467:Van Dyke
5432:Washburn
5407:Phillips
5342:Andresen
5332:Heatwole
5307:Washburn
5197:McCleary
5157:Donnelly
5097:Andresen
5077:Anderson
4658:(1961).)
4307:July 20,
4194:20179067
4156:MPR News
4094:40190113
4031:20178107
3966:July 25,
3820:June 25,
3796:20188394
3742:June 25,
3624:June 18,
3536:June 16,
3531:MNopedia
3397:June 18,
3359:20187713
3092:11030219
2921:See also
2774:Old Bets
2670:St. Paul
2655:palisade
2448:and the
2446:St. Paul
2428:Congress
2344:St. Paul
2317:St. Paul
2193:Michigan
2168:Missouri
1864:epidemic
1791:and the
1522:St. Paul
1483:pleurisy
1341:St. Paul
948:Shakopee
930:such as
926:Whereas
785:Mackinac
733:founder
685:Mackinac
597:classics
565:Tecumseh
420:governor
372:Commands
240:Michigan
176:district
174:at-large
123:district
121:at-large
6667:Transit
6622:Grafton
6612:Cornish
6531:Gaylord
6508:Gaylord
6427:Ventura
6422:Carlson
6417:Perpich
6407:Perpich
6392:Rolvaag
6382:Freeman
6362:Stassen
6327:Hammond
6317:Johnson
6292:Merriam
6282:Hubbard
6132:Lundeen
6117:Johnson
6112:Hoidale
6092:1933–35
6087:Manahan
6082:1913–15
6077:Aldrich
6057:1858–63
6037:Goodwin
6027:1915–33
5992:Buckler
5987:1935–63
5967:1903–33
5932:Stauber
5912:Blatnik
5902:Bernard
5742:Kennedy
5677:Buckman
5662:Baldwin
5632:Ellison
5582:Lundeen
5492:Starkey
5462:Stevens
5402:Paulsen
5397:Ramstad
5392:Frenzel
5352:Lundeen
5327:O. Hall
5322:D. Hall
5302:Stewart
5292:Averill
5252:Kennedy
5202:Hammond
5177:Poehler
5167:Averill
5132:Finstad
5067:Harries
5062:Dunnell
5047:Dunnell
4700:4044672
4336:June 4,
4161:July 3,
3998:June 4,
3756:In the
3046:June 6,
2898:and to
2778:Mendota
2664:of the
2647:Lincoln
2643:Mankato
2587:colonel
2356:sawmill
2251:or the
2117:Wacouta
2109:Mendota
2036:in the
2014:Madison
1974:Pembina
1962:Mendota
1896:Kaposia
1861:measles
1815:to the
1785:Pembina
1513:Kaposia
1177:Detroit
959:Yankton
907:on the
899:), and
845:Mendota
752:cashier
705:cholera
561:Shawnee
516:of the
483:Detroit
422:of the
236:Detroit
6662:Sibley
6647:Moltke
6607:Dryden
6536:Gibbon
6518:Cities
6437:Dayton
6357:Benson
6302:Clough
6297:Nelson
6287:McGill
6267:Austin
6257:Miller
6247:Ramsey
6242:Sibley
6231:State
6212:Medary
6207:Gorman
6202:Ramsey
6072:Windom
6067:Phelps
6032:Schall
6007:Langen
5982:Selvig
5977:Wefald
5877:Larson
5867:Miller
5817:Langen
5737:Luther
5672:Morris
5622:Fraser
5587:Newton
5542:Nelson
5497:Devitt
5472:Keller
5457:Kiefer
5452:Castle
5447:Snider
5357:Teigan
5312:Strait
5232:Nelsen
5227:O'Hara
5212:Clague
5182:Strait
5172:Strait
5107:Erdahl
5082:Furlow
5072:Tawney
5037:Windom
5017:Sibley
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3794:
3761:(1900)
3650:
3508:
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3451:
3357:
3250:
3090:
2603:Dakota
2346:, the
2253:Ojibwe
2249:Dakota
2160:Senate
2128:Dakota
2046:Dakota
1899:west.
1831:, and
1797:Dakota
1789:Ojibwe
1756:, and
1727:Canada
1646:packet
1606:Ojibwe
1381:Dakota
1361:Dakota
1205:Dakota
1127:Agent
1090:Dakota
1086:Ojibwe
1048:time.
936:Dakota
897:Chaska
861:Cannon
857:Dakota
765:Dakota
650:Ojibwe
563:chief
363:Brevet
310:
259:, U.S.
242:, U.S.
6642:Kelso
6617:Faxon
6347:Olson
6337:Preus
6272:Davis
6252:Swift
6102:Chase
6097:Arens
5997:Hagen
5882:Carss
5872:Carss
5752:Emmer
5732:Grams
5722:Weber
5712:Zwach
5707:Olson
5667:Towne
5577:Smith
5512:Vento
5507:Karth
5337:Davis
5267:Craig
5262:Lewis
5257:Kline
5247:Minge
5242:Weber
5112:Penny
5052:While
4880:First
4327:(PDF)
4190:JSTOR
4090:JSTOR
4052:(PDF)
4027:JSTOR
3989:(PDF)
3930:(PDF)
3792:JSTOR
3691:(PDF)
3355:JSTOR
3309:(PDF)
2949:Notes
2690:Sioux
2271:Watab
2138:1841:
1793:Métis
591:, an
317:Union
6442:Walz
6412:Quie
6367:Thye
6307:Lind
5862:Bede
5782:Eddy
5777:Boen
5637:Omar
5627:Sabo
5617:Judd
5562:Lind
5487:Maas
5477:Maas
5442:Rice
5382:Wier
5367:Gale
5297:King
5222:Ryan
5192:Lind
5122:Walz
5102:Quie
5022:Rice
4895:1857
4735:2014
4696:OCLC
4681:ISBN
4667:ISBN
4648:ISBN
4623:ISBN
4561:ISBN
4518:ISBN
4475:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4425:ISBN
4400:ISBN
4375:ISBN
4338:2021
4309:2010
4252:2014
4163:2021
4128:ISBN
4062:(3).
4000:2021
3968:2021
3895:ISBN
3857:2014
3822:2021
3744:2021
3701:(1).
3648:ISBN
3626:2021
3578:(4).
3538:2021
3506:ISBN
3481:ISBN
3449:ISBN
3399:2021
3248:ISBN
3088:LCCN
3048:2021
3016:2021
2913:and
2616:and
2495:and
2493:31st
2311:and
2273:and
2243:and
2215:and
2199:and
2119:and
1886:The
1879:and
1811:and
1809:Crow
1764:and
1740:and
1680:and
1612:and
1470:and
1331:the
1276:and
1199:and
1092:and
1072:The
957:and
883:and
863:and
799:via
759:and
722:and
720:Ohio
640:, a
559:and
536:and
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