80:
136:
125:
103:
114:
148:
91:
180:
170:
415:, between Fariskur and Mansoura on the east bank of the Nile, and occupying the city on 12 July 1221. John again attempted to turn Pelagius back, but the force was intent on the booty awaiting in Cairo. On 24 July, the Crusader forces were relocated near the al-Bahr as-Saghit, now known as the Ushmum canal, south of the village of
383:
only Egypt but also
Jerusalem, and so would not entertain the peace offerings that came from the sultan . In December 1220, Honorius III announced that Frederick II would soon send troops, expected now in March 1221, with the newly crowned emperor leaving for Egypt in August. Some troops did arrive in May, led by
382:
In the captured city, Pelagius was unable to prod the
Crusaders from their inactivity. Al-Kamil took advantage of this lull to reinforce Mansurah into a fortified city that could replace Damietta as the protector of the mouth of the Nile. Pelagius held the view that he held the key to conquering not
437:
On 26 August 1221, the
Crusaders attempted to reach Barāmūn under the cover of darkness, but their carelessness alerted the Egyptians who set on them. They were also reluctant to sacrifice their stores of wine, drinking them rather than leave them. In the meantime, al-Kamil had the sluices (dikes)
433:
The
Egyptians had the advantage of knowing the terrain, especially the canals near the Crusader camp. One such canal near Barāmūn could support large vessels in late August when the Nile was at its highest, and they brought numerous ships up from al-Maḥallah. Entering the Nile, they were able to
407:
On 7 July 1221 Pelagius advanced to the south, after a three-day fast. John of
Brienne, arriving in Egypt shortly thereafter, argued against the move, but John soon joined the force under the command of the legate. They moved south towards Fariskur on 12 July where Pelagius drew it up in battle
462:
The masters of the military orders were dispatched to
Damietta with the news of the surrender. It was not well-received, but the eventual happened on 8 September 1221. The Crusader ships departed and the sultan entered the city. The Fifth Crusade ended in 1221, having accomplished nothing. The
394:
Even before the capture of
Damietta, the Crusaders became aware of a book which claims that predicted Saladin's earlier capture of Jerusalem and the impending Christian capture of Damietta. Based on this, rumors circulated of a Christian uprising against Islam, influencing the consideration of
454:
and German imperial marshal Anselm of
Justingen, had also been recently sent by Frederick II. They offered the sultan withdrawal from Damietta and an eight-year truce in exchange for allowing the Crusader army to pass, the release of all prisoners, and the return of the relic of the
429:
and the leaders of the military orders warned
Pelagius of the large numbers of Muslims troops arriving and continued warnings from John of Brienne went unheeded. Many Crusaders took this opportunity to retreat back to Damietta, later departing for home.
434:
block the
Crusaders' lines of communications with Damietta, rendering their position untenable. In consultation with his military leaders, Pelagius ordered a retreat, only to find the route to Damietta blocked by the sultan's troops.
438:
along the right bank of the Nile opened, flooding the area and rendering battle impossible. On 28 August, Pelagius sued for peace, sending an envoy to al-Kamil. The battle ended in a Crusader surrender.
399:, was on its way from the east to the Holy Land to join the Crusade. The story generated so much excitement among the Crusaders that it led them to prematurely launch an attack on Cairo.
367:. The siege would last nearly 18 months and, on 5 November 1219, suspecting the city proper had been vacated, the Crusaders entered Damietta, finding it abandoned.
917:
227:
529:
1194:
1179:
422:
on the opposite bank from Mansurah. His plan was to maintain supply lines with Damietta, as he had not brought sufficient food for the army.
1057:
846:
573:
1134:
1117:
762:
463:
Crusaders were unable to even gain the return of the True Cross. The Egyptians could not find it and the Crusaders left empty-handed.
1174:
220:
315:. The result was a decisive victory for the Egyptians and forced the surrender of the Crusaders and their departure from Egypt.
1164:
1106:
1019:
906:
683:
395:
al-Kamil's peace offerings. Then in July 1221, rumors began that the army of one King David, a descendant of the legendary
359:
and the masters of the Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. The first major action in the Egyptian theatre was the
425:
The fortifications established were poor, and further threatened by Syria reinforcement recently brought to the theater.
1043:
986:
789:
213:
1081:
965:
935:
885:
864:
835:
748:
727:
264:
1169:
446:
Pegalius had some remaining leverage as Damietta was still well-garrisoned. A naval squadron under fleet admiral
360:
388:
1184:
896:
249:
269:
543:
1189:
1005:
875:
384:
479:
1159:
816:
The Mohammedan dynasties: chronological and genealogical tables with historical introductions
447:
363:
that began on 23 June 1218, attacking first the fortified tower at the Egyptian port city of
576:. Map by the University of Wisconsin Cartography Laboratory, facing pg. 487 of Volume II of
775:
654:
607:
344:
254:
107:
8:
1199:
1067:
675:
619:
259:
140:
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814:
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697:
658:
451:
426:
274:
555:
1102:
1077:
1039:
1015:
982:
961:
931:
902:
881:
860:
831:
785:
744:
723:
679:
498:
96:
84:
919:
The Fifth Crusade in Context: The Crusading Movement in the Early Thirteenth Century
1130:
1035:
A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
923:
852:
416:
348:
304:
595:
179:
169:
1092:
1071:
1033:
1029:
1009:
976:
955:
779:
738:
717:
669:
356:
308:
296:
174:
164:
118:
51:
1053:
129:
800:
391:, and under orders not to begin offensive operations until Frederick arrived.
1153:
1098:
758:
693:
486:
324:
300:
237:
957:
John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c. 1175–1237
396:
927:
856:
631:
510:
456:
412:
372:
332:
328:
583:
376:
368:
364:
312:
185:
152:
28:
552:, pp. 53–67, The impact of Prester John on the Fifth Crusade.
340:
781:
From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260
205:
343:
sultanate. With some minor skirmishes in Syria in 1217 led by
311:, king of Jerusalem, against the Ayyubid forces of the sultan
303:(1217–1221). It pitted the Crusader forces under papal legate
336:
347:
proving inconclusive, the Crusade turned to Egypt. Cardinal
295:
took place from 26–28 August 1221 near the Egyptian city of
660:
The Crusades: The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
805:. Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2, pp. 164-167.
371:, sultan of Egypt since 31 August 1218 when his father
616:, pp. 643–649, The Failure of the Egypt Campaign.
327:
began as a campaign by Western Europeans to reacquire
702:. World's manuals. Oxford University Press, London.
628:, pp. 168–170, Pelagius Sues for Peace (1221).
564:, pp. 166–167, The Crusaders Advance (1221).
1151:
1142:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume II.
1125:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume II.
770:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume II.
507:, pp. 421–424, The conquerors at Damietta.
532:–Second Stage". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1136:The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204-1312
1062:. Six Volumes. University of Wisconsin Press.
1000:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 427–432.
949:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 794–795.
830:. A History of Egypt ;v. 6. Methuen, London.
711:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 343–344.
604:, pp. 225–226, The Perfect and the Just.
221:
411:The Crusader force advanced to the city of
823:
809:
492:
480:"A History of the Crusades Vol-III (1954)"
228:
214:
1115:
798:
774:
637:
589:
504:
1094:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
1028:
667:
625:
561:
1195:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
1090:
1066:
1004:
944:
873:
848:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
715:
671:The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land
613:
601:
516:
402:
1152:
1052:
995:
974:
894:
819:. A. Constable & Co., Westminster.
736:
692:
653:
495:, pp. 221–222, Siege of Damietta.
1180:13th century in the Ayyubid Sultanate
1129:
953:
915:
549:
209:
844:
757:
740:Artillery in the Era of the Crusades
722:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
706:
519:, pp. 641–643, War in the East.
355:leader of the Crusade, supported by
1073:England and the Crusades, 1095-1588
827:History of Egypt in the Middle Ages
13:
640:, pp. 427–428, The Surrender.
567:
540:New York: Robert Appleton Company.
14:
1211:
235:
784:. State University of New York.
299:and was the final battle in the
178:
168:
146:
134:
123:
112:
101:
89:
78:
1076:. University of Chicago Press.
978:Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221
646:
1175:Battles involving the Ayyubids
1038:. Cambridge University Press.
1014:. Cambridge University Press.
981:. University of Pennsylvania.
960:. Cambridge University Press.
877:The Crusades through Arab Eyes
799:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1987).
719:Pelagius and the Fifth Crusade
522:
472:
1:
1116:Van Cleve, Thomas C. (1969).
1091:Tyerman, Christopher (2006).
1011:The Crusades, c.1071 – c.1291
592:, pp. 425–428, Mansurah.
466:
318:
1165:Battles of the Fifth Crusade
898:The Crusades—An Encyclopedia
824:Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901).
574:The Fifth Crusade, 1218–1221
441:
351:arrived as papal legate and
7:
737:Fulton, Michael S. (2018).
716:Donovan, Joseph P. (1950).
10:
1216:
528:Stockmann, Alois (1911). "
450:, and Sicilian chancellor
375:died, moved his host from
1059:A History of the Crusades
998:Fifth Crusade (1217–1221)
996:Powell, James M. (2006).
975:Powell, James M. (1986).
668:Asbridge, Thomas (2012).
578:A History of the Crusades
245:
191:
158:
71:
34:
26:
22:Battle of Mansurah (1221)
21:
895:Murray, Alan V. (2006).
339:, ruled by the powerful
1170:Battles involving Egypt
945:Nicolle, David (2006).
707:Bird, Jessalyn (2006).
379:downriver to Mansurah.
874:Maalouf, Amin (2006).
743:. Brill Publications.
159:Commanders and leaders
928:10.4324/9781315574059
916:Mylod, M. J. (2017).
857:10.4324/9780203389638
776:Humphreys, R. Stephen
655:Archer, Thomas Andrew
534:Catholic Encyclopedia
482:. Penguin Book. 1954.
1068:Tyerman, Christopher
845:Lock, Peter (2006).
676:Simon & Schuster
403:Disaster at Mansurah
345:Andrew II of Hungary
335:by first conquering
331:and the rest of the
108:Kingdom of Jerusalem
954:Perry, Guy (2013).
811:Lane-Poole, Stanley
389:Ulrich II of Passau
141:Knights Hospitaller
1054:Setton, Kenneth M.
452:Walter of Palearia
385:Louis I of Bavaria
293:battle of Mansurah
1185:Conflicts in 1221
1131:Wolff, Robert Lee
1119:The Fifth Crusade
1108:978-0-674-02387-1
1021:978-0-521-62566-1
908:978-1-57607-862-4
685:978-1-84983-688-3
361:siege of Damietta
288:
287:
204:
203:
153:Ayyubid Sultanate
97:Kingdom of France
85:Holy Roman Empire
67:
66:
42:26–28 August 1221
1207:
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1141:
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1006:Richard, Jean C.
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580:(Setton, editor)
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387:and his bishop,
349:Pelagius Galvani
305:Pelagius Galvani
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427:Alice of Cyprus
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357:John of Brienne
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309:John of Brienne
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197:40,000 Infantry
175:John of Brienne
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165:Pelagio Galvani
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119:Knights Templar
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63:Ayyubid victory
55:
17:
16:Battle in Egypt
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880:. Saqi Books.
871:
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791:978-0873952637
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694:Barker, Ernest
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922:. Routledge.
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887:9780863560231
883:
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878:
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866:0-415-39312-4
862:
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851:. Routledge.
850:
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837:9780790532042
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626:Runciman 1954
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562:Runciman 1954
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901:. ABC-CLIO.
897:
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847:
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764:The Aiyūbids
763:
739:
718:
708:
699:The Crusades
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647:Bibliography
633:
621:
614:Tyerman 2006
609:
602:Maalouf 2006
597:
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577:
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530:Prester John
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517:Tyerman 2006
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397:Prester John
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292:
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72:Belligerents
27:Part of the
408:formation.
255:Mount Tabor
1200:True Cross
1154:Categories
550:Mylod 2017
467:References
457:True Cross
319:Background
663:. Putnam.
442:Aftermath
413:Sharamsah
333:Holy Land
329:Jerusalem
260:Machghara
1133:(1969).
1070:(1996).
1056:(1969).
1032:(1954).
1008:(1999).
947:Mansurah
813:(1894).
802:Ayyubids
778:(1977).
761:(1969).
709:Damietta
696:(1923).
657:(1904).
377:Fariskur
369:Al-Kamil
365:Damietta
353:de facto
313:al-Kamil
297:Mansurah
280:Mansurah
275:Limassol
270:Fariskur
265:Damietta
192:Strength
186:Al-Kamil
52:Mansoura
47:Location
29:Crusades
373:al-Adil
341:Ayyubid
200:Unknown
54:, Egypt
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60:Result
1140:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
768:(PDF)
337:Egypt
1103:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1016:ISBN
983:ISBN
962:ISBN
932:ISBN
903:ISBN
882:ISBN
861:ISBN
832:ISBN
786:ISBN
745:ISBN
724:ISBN
680:ISBN
323:The
307:and
291:The
39:Date
924:doi
853:doi
538:12.
1156::
1101:.
1097:.
930:.
859:.
678:.
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794:.
753:.
732:.
688:.
420:,
229:e
222:t
215:v
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