Battle of Leyte - Knowledge

2506:, under the command of Lt. Col. John M. Finn in western Leyte, and 7th Division remnants securing Burauen, but the arrival of the 11th Airborne Division on 22 November allowed Gen. Hodge to move the rest of the 7th Division to the west. On the night of 23 November the 32nd Infantry suddenly came under attack by the Japanese 26th Division along the Palanas River. The regiment's 2nd Battalion was pushed back off Hill 918 to a defensive position along the highway together with their artillery base, which consisted of Batteries A and B of the 49th Field Artillery Battalion and Battery B of the USMC 11th 155mm Gun Battalion. Gen. Arnold earlier had placed the 2nd Battalion, 184th Infantry, as a reserve for just such a counterattack. Also, a platoon of tanks from the 767th Tank Battalion was stationed at Damulaan. Battery C, 57th Field Artillery Battalion, arrived the next day. That night, the night of 24 November, Japanese attacks put four 105 mm (4.1 in) pieces of Battery B out of action. The 2nd Battalion, 184th Infantry was then released by Gen. Arnold to Col. Finn. The defensive battle for 'Shoestring Ridge', so named to reflect the supply situation, continued until 29 November, when US troops were able to take the offensive. During their failed attacks of the previous days, the Japanese under the command of Col. Saito had committed six infantry battalions. 2135: 632: 350: 335: 178: 578: 439: 423: 407: 388: 377: 366: 2405:. The 21st RCT pulled out from the Panaon area to rejoin the 24th Division and were replaced by a battalion of the 32nd Infantry. On 3 November, the 34th Infantry Regiment moved out from west of Carigara to sweep the rest of the northern coast before turning south into the mountains. The 1st Battalion soon came under attack from a ridge along the highway. Supported by the 63rd Field Artillery Battalion, the unit cleared the ridge, and the 34th Infantry continued unopposed that night through the town of Pinamopoan, recovering numerous heavy weapons abandoned by the enemy, then halted at the point where Highway 2 turns south into the mountains. 2515:(180 m) of the shore and fired into the hills in front of the advancing 17th and 184th Infantry. This tactic proved effective, greatly disorganizing the defenders, except where ground troops encountered enemy pockets on reverse slopes inland, shielded from the offshore tank fire. The 7th Division pushed north with two regiments which encountered heavy enemy fire coming from Hill 918, from which the entire coast to Ormoc City could be observed. By 8 Dec, the American forces had taken Hills 918, 380 and 606, plus the surrounding ridges. By 12 December, Gen. Arnold's lead battalion was less than 10 mi (16 km) south of Ormoc City. 2421:, aligned from east to west across the road and anchored on a network of fighting positions built of heavy logs and interconnecting trench lines and countless spider holes, which became known as "Breakneck Ridge" to the Americans, or the "Yamashita Line" to the Japanese. General Krueger ordered the 1st Cavalry to join the 24th Infantry Division in the attack south, and the X and XXIV Corps (96th Infantry Division) to block routes through the central mountain range, anticipating General Suzuki's renewed attack with the arrival of his 26th Infantry Division. Additionally the XXIV Corps had the 7th Infantry Division in Baybay. Plus, Krueger had access to the 227: 623: 612: 551: 529: 504: 473: 316: 301: 286: 275: 264: 253: 2124:

ashore across a 3 mi (4.8 km) strand between San José and the Daguitan River. Troops found as much resistance from swampy terrain as from Japanese fire. Within an hour of landing, units in most sectors had secured beachheads deep enough to receive heavy vehicles and large amounts of supplies. Only in the 24th Division sector did enemy fire force a diversion of follow-up landing craft. But even that sector was secure enough by 13:30 to allow Gen. MacArthur to make a dramatic entrance through the surf onto Red Beach and announce to the populace the beginning of their liberation:

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through sporadic enemy fire until they hit strong positions about 8 mi (13 km) short of Palompon. To restore momentum, Gen. Bruce put the 1st Battalion, 305th Infantry, on Navy landing craft and dispatched it from the port of Ormoc to Palompon. Supported by fire from mortar boats of the 2nd Engineer Special Brigade and from the 155 mm (6.1 in) guns of the 531st Field Artillery Battalion, the infantrymen landed at 07:20 on 25 December and secured the small coastal town within four hours.

56: 2349: 2673:, but the loss of air and naval support at Leyte so narrowed Gen. Yamashita's options that he now had to fight a passive defensive of Luzon, the largest and most important island in the Philippines. In effect, once the decisive battle of Leyte was lost, the Japanese gave up hope of retaining the Philippines, conceding to the Allies a critical bastion from which Japan could be easily cut off from outside resources, and from which the final assaults on the Japanese home islands could be launched. 1612: 2548:, and the 382nd Infantry, 96th Infantry Division, plus hastily mustered groups of support and service troops, eventually contained the attack, and turned the tide by 9 Dec. With a few American supply dumps and aircraft on the ground destroyed and construction projects delayed, the enemy attacks on the airfields failed to have any effect on the overall Leyte Campaign. Gen. Suzuki ordered a retreat so he could deal with the American landing at Ormoc, but with only 200 men returning, the 1575: 2246: 2556: 2076: 2333: 1678: 1939: 1963: 1624: 1746: 2315:

84 of the attackers. Day and night air raids continued over the next four days, damaging supply dumps ashore and threatening American shipping. But by 28 October, counterattacks by US aircraft on Japanese airfields and shipping on other islands so reduced enemy air strength that conventional air raids ceased to be a major threat. As their air strength diminished, the Japanese resorted to the deadly

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with its defenses anchored on a concrete blockhouse, north of Ormoc, and held by the 12th Independent Infantry Regiment, resisted the Americans for two days. On 14 December, the 305th Infantry closed on the stronghold, aided by heavy artillery barrages and employing flamethrowers and armored bulldozers. Hand-to-hand combat and the inspiring leadership of

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2nd Battalion, 32nd Infantry, made slow but steady progress into the mountains from the Ormoc Bay area to meet the airborne regiment and assist its passage westward. On 23 December, after battling scattered Japanese defenders on ridges and in caves, the 7th Division infantrymen met troops from the 2nd Battalion,

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Gen. MacArthur presided over a ceremony to restore civil government to Leyte. 1st and 2nd Cavalry Brigades initiated a holding action to prevent a Japanese counterattack from the mountainous interior, after which the 1st Cavalry was allowed to move on. The 8th Cavalry established itself on Samar by 24 Oct, securing the

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progress against more disorganized and dispirited enemy troops. 1st Cavalry Division troops reached the coast on 28 December as 24th Division units cleared the last enemy positions from the northwest corner of Leyte on the same day and two days later met patrols of the 32nd Division.

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on the hulls of the American tanks. A mile north, 32nd Infantry soldiers killed more than 400 Japanese at Buri airfield. While two battalions of the 184th Infantry patrolled the corps' left flank, the 17th Infantry, with the 184th's 2nd Battalion attached, turned north toward

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Following four hours of heavy naval gunfire on A-day, 20 October, Sixth Army forces landed on assigned beaches at 10:00. X Corps pushed across a 4 mi (6.4 km) stretch of beach between Tacloban airfield and the Palo River. 15 mi (24 km) to the south, XXIV Corps units came

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had ordered MacArthur to leave the Philippines and organize the U.S. forces gathering in Australia, which were meant to relieve the USAFFE. Those relief forces were non-existent; Roosevelt's true intentions in ordering MacArthur to flee the Philippines had been to prevent his capture by the Japanese.

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Although poorly coordinated – only one battalion of the Japanese 26th Infantry Division reached the battlefield – the enemy attack yielded the seizure of some abandoned weapons which they managed to use against the Americans over the next four days. The 11th Airborne Division, supported by the 149th

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A heavily forested north–south mountain range dominates the interior and separates two sizable valleys, or coastal plains. The larger Leyte Valley extends from the northern coast to the long eastern shore and contains most of the towns and roadways on the island. The other, Ormoc Valley, situated on

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of the 727th Amphibian Tractor Battalion. After crossing a ridge line and the Leyte River, they approached the enemy left flank at 900 ft (270 m) on Kilay Ridge, the highest terrain behind the main battle area. Both battalions reached positions only about 1,000 yd (910 m) apart

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On the east, the 19th Infantry's 2nd Battalion, under Lt. Col. Robert B. Spragins, swung east around Hill 1525 behind the enemy right flank, cutting back to Highway 2, 3 mi (4.8 km) south of 'Breakneck Ridge', blocking the Japanese supply line. On the west, Irving sent

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As the Sixth Army pushed deeper into Leyte, the Japanese struck back in the air and at sea. On 24 October, some 200 enemy aircraft approached American beachheads and shipping from the north. Fifty American land-based aircraft rose to intercept them, and claimed to have shot down between 66 and

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expanded their beachhead and took control of the high ground commanding the entrance to the northern Leyte Valley. By 1 November, after a seven-day tank-infantry advance supported by artillery fire, both regiments had pushed through Leyte Valley and were within sight of the north coast and the

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In its final drive, US troops killed some 1,506 enemy and took seven prisoners while sustaining 123 killed, 329 wounded and 13 missing. With Ormoc City captured, the XXIV Corps and X Corps were only 16 mi (26 km) apart. In between at Cogan, the last enemy salient

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Gen. Arnold finally began his advance toward Ormoc with a novel tactic. On the night of 4 December, vehicles of the 776th Amphibian Tank Battalion put to sea and leapfrogged south along the Leyte coast and positioned themselves west of Balogo. On 5 Dec, the tanks moved to within 200 yd

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Throughout this phase, American efforts had become increasingly hampered by logistical problems. Mountainous terrain and impassable roads forced Sixth Army transportation units to improvise resupply trains of Navy landing craft, tracked landing vehicles, airdrops, artillery tractors, trucks, even

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to root the enemy out of pillboxes and a cemetery, US troops captured Dagami on 30 October, which forced Gen. Makino to evacuate his command post further westward. Meanwhile, on 29 October, the 32nd Infantry's 2nd Battalion, preceded by the 7th Cavalry Reconnaissance

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Moving north, the 77th Division faced strong opposition at Camp Downes, a prewar Philippine constabulary post. Supported by the newly arrived 306th Infantry Regiment, plus the 902nd and 305th Field Artillery Battalions, Gen. Bruce's troops pushed through and beyond Camp Downes on 9 Dec, and

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for their actions. It was not until 14 December that the 32nd Division finally cleared the Breakneck–Kilay Ridge area, and linked up with the 1st Cavalry Division on 19 Dec, placing the most heavily defended portions of Highway 2 between Carigara Bay and the Ormoc Valley

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A more serious danger to the US forces developed at sea. The Imperial Japanese Navy's high command decided to destroy US Navy forces supporting the Sixth Army by committing its entire remaining surface fleet to a decisive battle with the Americans. The Imperial Navy's plan was to attack in three

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The campaign for Leyte proved the first and most decisive operation in the American reconquest of the Philippines. Japanese losses in the campaign were heavy, with the army losing four divisions and several separate combat units, while the navy lost 26 major warships and 46 large transports and

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Learning of the seizure of the last port open to the Japanese, Gen. MacArthur announced the end of organized resistance on Leyte. As these sweeps continued, he transferred control of operations on Leyte and Samar to the Eighth Army on 26 December. Farther north, other US forces made faster

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by sending the 2nd and 3rd Battalions, 305th Infantry, with armor support, west along the road on the morning of 22 December. The 302nd Engineer Battalion followed, repairing and strengthening bridges for armor, artillery and supply vehicles. Assault units progressed rapidly

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It took Clifford's men two weeks of struggle through mud and rain—often dangerously close to friendly mortar and artillery fire—to root the Japanese out of fighting positions on the way up Kilay Ridge. On 2 December Clifford's battalion finally cleared the heights overlooking the road, and

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companies often having to withdraw and recapture hills that had been taken earlier. The Americans seized the approaches to Hill 1525 2 mi (3.2 km) to the east, enabling Irving to stretch out the enemy defenses further across a 4 mi (6.4 km) front along Highway 2.

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town. The road then turned east to cross the mountainous waist of the island and it connected with Highway 1 on the east coast at Abuyog. Below these towns, the mountainous southern third of Leyte was mostly undeveloped. High mountain peaks over 4,400 ft (1,300 m), as well as the

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The Sixth Army made steady progress inland against sporadic and uncoordinated enemy resistance on Leyte in the next few days. The 1st Cavalry Division of Maj. Gen. Verne D. Mudge secured the provincial capital, Tacloban, on 21 October, and Hill 215 the next. On 23 October,

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advanced less than 1 mi (1.6 km). Contact between patrols of the 12th Cavalry and the 77th Division's 306th Infantry on 21 December marked the juncture of the US X and XXIV Corps and the closing of the Sixth Army's pincer maneuver against Ormoc Valley.

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began on 8 November, and the heavy rain that followed for several days further impeded American progress. Despite the storm and high winds, which added falling trees and mud slides to enemy defenses and delayed supply trains, the 21st Infantry continued its slow and halting attack, with

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Leyte's population of over 900,000 people—mostly farmers and fishermen—could be expected to assist an American invasion, since many residents already supported the guerrilla struggle against the Japanese in the face of harsh repression. Japanese troop strength on Leyte was estimated by U.S.

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After breaking out of Ormoc, the 77th Division took Valencia airfield, 7 mi (11 km) north, on 18 December, and continued north to establish contact with X Corps units. That same day, Gen. Sibert ordered the 1st Cavalry Division to complete the drive south. The

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pushed out of the mountains on a southwest track to Highway 2, then followed fire from the 271st Field Artillery Battalion to clear a 3 mi (4.8 km) stretch of the road. North of Ormoc Valley, the 32nd Division had met determined opposition from the defending Japanese

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pushed farther west into the mountains on the 25 November. After an arduous advance, the 511th reached Mahonag, 10 mi (16 km) west of Burauen, on 6 December, the same day Japanese paratroops landed at the Buri and San Pablo airfields. On 16 December, the

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approaching the beach on A-day. Under cover of incessant artillery and naval gunfire, Bradley's troops made their way through the swamps south and west of the high ground at Labiranan Head. After a three-day fight, the 382nd Infantry Regiment took a key Japanese supply base at

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the 34th Infantry's 1st Battalion under Lt. Col. Thomas E. Clifford, over water from the Carigara area to a point 2 mi (3.2 km) west of the southward turn of Highway 2, and moved it inland. This amphibious maneuver was made in eighteen

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defended the Burauen area. The Japanese aimed to recapture eastern Leyte airstrips and use them for their own planes. Descending Japanese paratroopers were "cut to shreds by the antiaircraft and field artillery units," according to one American artillery officer.

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For the U.S., capturing the Philippines was a key strategic step in isolating Imperial Japan's military holdings in China and the Pacific theater. It was also a personal matter of pride for MacArthur. In 1942, just a month before Japan forced the surrender of all

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32nd Division units quickly took over. Clifford's outfit suffered 26 killed, 101 wounded and two missing, in contrast to 900 Japanese dead. For their arduous efforts against Kilay Ridge and adjacent areas, both flanking battalions received

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The Japanese reinforcement presented severe problems for both Krueger and MacArthur. Instead of projected mopping up operations after clearing the east side of Leyte, the Sixth Army had to prepare for extended combat in the mountains on its western side.

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to clear Ormoc Vally, with X Corps forces moving south, and XXIV Corps units pushing north from Baybay. To overcome the expected increased resistance, especially in the mountain barrier to the north, Krueger mobilized his reserve forces, the

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jagged outcroppings, ravines, and caves typical of volcanic islands offered formidable defensive opportunities. The timing late in the year of the assault would force combat troops and supporting pilots, as well as logistical units, to contend with

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air attacks, fifty-five aircraft making sixteen raids. Yet, the arrival of the 77th Division proved decisive. This enabled the 7th Division to resume its march north, and the enemy defenders were quickly squeezed between the two forces.

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on opposite sides of the highway by 13 November despite strong opposition and heavy rains. The Americans were aided by the 1st Battalion, 96th Philippine Infantry, a local guide who "owned" Kilay Ridge, and Filipinos carrying supplies.

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carried out several successful missions over the Philippines and found Japanese resistance lacking. Halsey then recommended a direct strike on Leyte, canceling other planned operations, and the Leyte invasion date moved forward to October.

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M. Hamlin Cannon lists the following battle casualties: 3,504 killed, 11,991 wounded, and 89 missing. Cannon's source material, the Sixth and Eighth Army after-action reports, provide slightly higher numbers for soldiers missing in

2321:, a corps of suicide pilots who crashed their bomb-laden planes directly into US ships. They chose the large American transport and escort fleet that had gathered in Leyte Gulf on A-day as their first target and sank one 1530:

town on the east coast, then west and northwest through Leyte Valley to the north coast, it then turned south and wound through a mountainous neck to enter the northern Ormoc Valley. This continued south to the port of

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Islands, provided avenues for tank-infantry operations, as well as suitable ground for airfield construction. American air forces based on Leyte could strike at enemy bases and airfields anywhere in the

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moved inland against the Japanese airfields of San Pablo 1 and 2, Bayug, and Buri, using "flying wedges" of American tanks, the 767th Tank Battalion, which cleared the way for the infantrymen. Between

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Still, MacArthur had vowed that he would return to the Philippines. He repeatedly stated that it was a moral obligation of the U.S. to liberate the Philippines as soon as possible. In March 1944, the

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cleared the enemy from the blockhouse area, while the leading Company, E, of the 2nd Battalion, 305th Infantry moved forward through intense fire and killed several Japanese soldiers.

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south of Ormoc City. The 77th Division's 305th and 307th Infantry Regiments came ashore at 0700 unopposed, supported by a company from the 776th Amphibian Tank Battalion. However, Admiral

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1st Division along Highway 2, after moving south past Kilay Ridge and entering a heavy rain forest, which limited visibility and concealed the enemy. Using flamethrowers, hand

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was to clear Catmon Hill, a 1,400 ft (430 m) promontory, the highest point in both corps beachheads, and used by the Japanese as an observation and firing post to fire on

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From the XXIV Corps beachhead Gen. Hodge had sent his two divisions into the southern Leyte Valley, which already contained four airfields and a large supply center. Maj. Gen.

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and fast resupply. The roads and lowlands extending inland from Highway 1, that ran for 40 mi (64 km) along the east coast between Abuyog town to the north and the

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Meanwhile, on the western side of Leyte, the XXIV Corps received reinforcements on 7 December with the landing of the 77th Infantry Division under Maj. Gen.

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hundreds of merchant ships. The struggle also reduced Japanese land-based air capability in the Philippines by more than 50%. Some 250,000 troops still remained on

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With 432,000 Japanese soldiers in the Philippines, General Yamashita decided to make Leyte the main effort of the Japanese defense, and on 21 October, ordered the

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ordered MacArthur to plan an attack on the southern Philippines by the end of the year, and Luzon in early 1945. In July 1944, Roosevelt met with MacArthur and

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by 0805. On Suluan, they dispersed a small group of Japanese defenders and destroyed a radio station, while they found Dinagat unoccupied. The third island,

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was to be reinforced by the 30th Infantry Division from Mindanao, landing on Ormoc Bay. The 102nd Infantry Division would occupy Jaro, where the 1st and

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and hundreds of barefoot Filipino bearers. The 727th Amphibian Tractor Battalion made daily, often multiple, trips with ammunition and rations between

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Bay. The fresh regiment, with the 19th Infantry's 3rd Battalion attached, immediately ran into strong defenses of the newly arrived Japanese

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On the 7th of November the 21 Infantry went into its first sustained combat on Leyte when it moved into the mountains along Highway 2, near

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Japan had conquered the Philippines in 1942. Controlling it was vital for Japan's survival in World War II because it commanded sea routes to

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Sixth Army reported capturing 389 Japanese while Eighth Army captured 439. Eighth Army's After Action lists 275 captured by the Sixth Army.

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Leyte, one of the larger islands of the Philippines, has numerous deep-water approaches and sandy beaches which offered opportunities for

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Most Japanese died from starvation and disease rather than from combat causes; up to 80% of total deaths during the Philippines campaign.

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On 23 October, the approach of the enemy surface vessels was detected. US naval units moved out to intercept, and the air and naval

2104:, was taken without any opposition the next day. On Dinagat and Homonhon, the Rangers proceeded to erect navigation lights for the 1771: 2142:

By the end of A-day, the Sixth Army had moved 1 mi (1.6 km) inland and five miles wide. In the X Corps sector, the

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Preliminary operations for the Leyte invasion began at dawn on 17 October 1944, with minesweeping tasks and the movement of the

2689:, Manchuria as Stalin wanted to delay an American victory over Japan until the Soviet Union could participate. MacArthur's G-2 2645: 2549: 2545: 2524: 2503: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2398: 2394: 2308: 2304: 2262: 2226: 2198: 2194: 2151: 2147: 2113: 2033: 1798: 1792: 1724: 1549: 4366: 2685:) that Allied estimates of Japanese troop strengths including those on Leyte were given to Tokyo via the Soviet consulate in 2611: 2418: 2155: 1765: 4546: 2965:"Biography of Major-General Yoshimi Adachi – (安達由巳) – (あだちよしみ) – (Adachi Yoshiki) – (安達由己) – (あだちよしき) (1883–1944), Japan" 2193:, drove inland into heavy enemy resistance. After days and nights of hard fighting and killing some 800 Japanese, the 2143: 2089: 1730: 1422: 1258: 1026: 995: 725: 39: 2523:

While Gen. Arnold moved closer to Ormoc, on 6 December, the Japanese made a surprise attack on the Buri Airfield with the

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People of the Philippines, I have returned! By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.

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General Makino spent the day moving his command post from Tacloban, 10 mi (16 km) inland to the town of

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in Hawaii, where the decision was made to invade the Philippines, from which land air bases could be used for the

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Royal Australian Navy vessels, and Royal Australian Air Force flying and ground units attached to US commands.

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with few aircraft aboard, was to act as a decoy, luring the US 3rd Fleet north away from Leyte Gulf.

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were concentrating. Battalions from the 55th and 57th Independent Mixed Brigades were on Leyte by 25 Oct.

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the west side, was connected to Leyte Valley by a roundabout and winding road, Highway 2; it ran from

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had taken the high ground on Hill 522 commanding its beachheads. In the XXIV Corps sector, the

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Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945: Volume XII of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

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for the recapture and liberation of the entire Philippine Archipelago and to end almost three years of

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Cutler, Thomas J., The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944, Naval Institute Press, 2001, p.52

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for a probe of the area, and then over the next four days patrolled west through the mountains to

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toward three small islands in Leyte Gulf. Although delayed by a storm, the Rangers were on

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World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (Military History of the United States)

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This article is about the battle on the island of Leyte. For the naval battle, see

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on 10 December. The 7th and 77th Infantry Divisions linked up the next day.

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Troops of the 12th Cavalry moving inland from the beach on Leyte. 20 October 1944.

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A US 105 mm (4.1 in) howitzer cannon of M7 Priest fires at Catmon Hill

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revealed clear landing beaches for assault troops on Leyte. Independently, the

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Journal, 727th Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 6 November 1944 to 10 November 1944

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Battle for Leyte, 1944: Allied And Japanese Plans, Preparations, And Execution

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Report of the Commanding General, Eighth US Army, on the Leyte-Samar Operation

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overcame fanatical but futile resistance from Japanese soldiers concealed in

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had underestimated the numbers, and the troops were reinforced. The secret "

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While the 77th and 32nd Divisions converged on the valley, Maj. Gen.

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Four Japanese snipers shot and killed in the muddy water of a bomb crater

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All information from Morison 1958 or Chun 2015 unless otherwise noted.

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to coordinate a decisive battle with the Imperial Japanese Navy. The

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MacArthur Landing Memorial Park (Red Beach, Palo, Leyte, Philippines)

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On the left of XXIV Corps, the 7th Infantry Division under Maj. Gen.

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In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army

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Troop, moved 15 mi (24 km) south along the east coast to

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17 October – 26 December 1944 (initial phase involving Sixth Army)

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on 20 October landed on Panaon Strait to control the entrance to

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Battles and operations of World War II involving the Philippines

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Soldiers of the 184th Infantry, 7th ID in the Pacific, 1943–1945

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On the X Corps left, the 24th Infantry Division under Maj. Gen.

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Filipino volunteers carry supplies to the 12th Cavalry Brigade

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Video: Third Army blasts Nazi Strongholds, 1944/11/02 (1944)

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A Japanese area army was equivalent to a Euro-American army.

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Guerrilla phase under Eighth Army continued until March 1945

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Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945

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U.S. Intelligence Report on Japanese Use of Mines on Leyte

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Military history of the United States during World War II

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A Japanese army was equivalent to a Euro-American corps.

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Hanged for atrocities committed by men under his command

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Ibiblio.Org: U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II, Leyte

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Drea, Edward J. (1998). "Leyte: Unanswered Questions".

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Military history of the Philippines during World War II

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US infantrymen move cautiously toward a machinegun nest

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American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima

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A US anti-aircraft gun at Tacloban airfield in action

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Embarking Maj. Gen. Franklin C. Sibert's X Army Corps

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Battles of World War II involving the United States

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Embarking Maj. Gen. John R. Hodge's XXIV Army Corps

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1944 battle in the Pacific campaign of World War II

4293:https://history.army.mil/brochures/leyte/leyte.htm 4024: 2401:Infantry Divisions, while MacArthur activated the 723: 3011:THE HISTORY OF BATTLES OF IMPERIAL JAPANESE TANKS 2154:held the approaches to Catmon Hill, and the 4518: 1842:Central Philippines Attack Force (Task Force 77) 3052:" p. 155, Annexes 3 and 4. Retrieved 4 May 2023 2559:Situation at Leyte, 7 November-31 December 1944 2278:, 6 mi (9.7 km) above Burauen. Using 2168: 1931:Japanese commanders concerned in Leyte campaign 64:and staff, accompanied by Philippine president 2929:"Biography of Lieutenant-General Shiro Makino" 2604: 1501:Amphibious forces approach Leyte, October 1944 4349:United States Army Center of Military History 2490: 1393:was the amphibious invasion of the island of 965: 709: 3654: 2848:Died before he could be tried for war crimes 2341:major task groups. One, which included four 1799:77th Infantry ("Statue of Liberty") Division 1694:Approx. 202,500 total officers and enlisted 4380:. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 4309:. Melbourne, London: Scribe. p. 318. 4307:The Secret Code-Breakers of Central Bureau 4031:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 3249: 2518: 2466:. Clifford and Spragins both received the 2294: 1461:forces in the Philippines, U.S. President 983:South West Pacific theatre of World War II 972: 958: 716: 702: 3050:Report of the Leyte Operation, Sixth Army 2681:In 1998 it was claimed in Australia (see 2108:to follow. Meanwhile, reconnaissance by 2064:IJN Fifth Base Air Force under on Formosa 1481:Over the summer of 1944, planes from the 3660: 2947:"Japanese Paratroop Operations in WW II" 2554: 2527:, combined with 250 paratroopers of the 2502:In mid-November XXIV Corps had the 2452: 2347: 2331: 2244: 2212: 2180: 2133: 2074: 1496: 4557:Battles of World War II involving Japan 4451: 4394: 2509: 1813:Invasion of Leyte naval order of battle 1806: 208: 4519: 4418:. Havertown, PA: Casemate Publishers. 4413: 4295:. Page 29. Retrieved 12 September 2021 4280: 4268: 4256: 4241: 4229: 4217: 4205: 4193: 4181: 4169: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4067: 4055: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3935: 3920: 3908: 3891: 3879: 3867: 3855: 3843: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3648: 3633: 3616: 3604: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3478: 3466: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3403: 3363: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3285: 3273: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3192: 3180: 3163: 3151: 3139: 3127: 3112: 3100: 3039:" Inclosures 1-3. Retrieved 4 May 2023 2984: 2915: 2079:Invasion of Leyte Map, 20 October 1944 1590:Ground, naval and air force commanders 1548:intelligence at 20,000; mostly of the 676:Non-battle casualties (since 25 Oct.): 4359:Leyte 1944: Return to the Philippines 4304: 2409:Battles of Breakneck and Kilay Ridges 1876:Southern Attack Force (Task Force 79) 1852:Northern Attack Force (Task Force 78) 1405:under the overall command of General 953: 697: 4470: 4432: 4375: 4356: 2677:1998 claims of Japanese intelligence 1793:32nd Infantry ("Red Arrow") Division 1592:for the recapture of the Philippines 13: 1772:96th Infantry ("Deadeye") Division 1559: 1535:, then along the western shore to 1413:in the Philippines led by General 14: 4588: 4485: 4416:Leyte, 1944: The Soldiers' Battle 2637:511th Parachute Infantry Regiment 2576:'s naval convoy was subjected to 1778:11th Airborne ("Angels") Division 1766:7th Infantry ("Bayonet") Division 649:70,100 (including reinforcements) 4537:Philippines campaign (1944–1945) 4399:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 4336: This article incorporates 4331: 4298: 4286: 3024:Leyte: Return to the Philippines 2893:Committed suicide 10 August 1945 2563: 2380:Advance Towards the Ormoc Valley 2362:largest naval battles in history 2249:US armored car at Labiranan Head 2146:held Tacloban airfield, and the 1961: 1949: 1937: 1744: 1703: 1676: 1665: 1636: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1573: 1401:by American forces and Filipino 1259:Philippines campaign (1944–1945) 996:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 643: 630: 621: 610: 576: 549: 527: 502: 471: 437: 421: 405: 386: 375: 364: 348: 333: 314: 299: 284: 273: 262: 251: 225: 210: 189: 176: 162: 54: 40:Philippines campaign (1944–1945) 4497:Battleship.Org: Battle of Leyte 4326: 4016: 3792: 3369: 3258: 3085: 3076: 3064: 3061:Toland, "The Rising Sun" p. 607 3055: 3042: 3029: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2814: 2651:Gen. Bruce opened the drive on 1725:24th Infantry ("Taro") Division 1672:Battle of Leyte order of battle 1423:Philippines campaign of 1944–45 727:Philippines campaign (1944–45) 184:Commonwealth of the Philippines 4395:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1958). 3026:" p. 368. Retrieved 5 May 2023 3016: 3003: 3000:" p. 151. Retrieved 5 May 2023 2998:Record of Philippine Operation 2990: 2957: 2939: 2921: 2805: 2737:Leroy Johnson (Medal of Honor) 2642:187th Glider Infantry Regiment 1976:Southern Army (Southeast Asia) 1552:under Lieutenant General 627:Air and naval forces: ≈120,000 1: 2900: 2683:Royal Commission on Espionage 2388:Gen. Krueger planned a giant 2158:held Dulag and its airfield. 1476:Pacific Theater of Operations 1432: 2663: 2471:under X Corps control. 2169:Campaign in the Leyte Valley 7: 4547:History of Leyte (province) 3073:Retrieved 13 November 2015. 2704: 2605:Westward march to the coast 2468:Distinguished Service Cross 2464:Presidential Unit Citations 2152:96th Infantry Division 2148:24th Infantry Division 2110:underwater demolition teams 2083: 1884:in amphibious command ship 1860:in amphibious command ship 1617:Vice Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid 1417:. The operation, codenamed 233:Republic of the Philippines 68:(left), land at Red Beach, 10: 4593: 4414:Prefer, Nathan N. (2012). 3661:Woodward, C. Vann (1947). 2495:For the naval battle, see 2494: 2491:Battle of Shoestring Ridge 2291:, all without opposition. 1956:General Tomoyuki Yamashita 1810: 1669: 1020:Dutch East Indies campaign 18: 4552:History of Southern Leyte 4480:. New York: W. W. Norton. 4437:. Naval Institute Press. 4027:The Story of World War II 3663:The Battle for Leyte Gulf 2884:KIA on Cebu 19 April 1945 2144:1st Cavalry Division 2070: 1968:Lieut. Gen. Sosaku Suzuki 1629:Lt. Gen. George C. Kenney 1409:, who fought against the 1382: 991: 735: 659: 603: 456: 240: 148: 76: 53: 37: 32: 2798: 2625:127th Infantry Regiments 1923: 1237:Neutralisation of Rabaul 1103:Solomon Islands campaign 873:Cotabato and Maguindanao 4532:1944 in the Philippines 4433:Vego, Milan N. (2006). 4023:Miller, Donald (2001). 2519:Battle of the Airfields 2427:77th Infantry Divisions 2309:26th Infantry Divisions 2295:Japanese counterattacks 2199:34th Infantry Regiments 1982:Count Hisaichi Terauchi 1944:Count Hisaichi Terauchi 1831:amphibious command ship 1605:Lt. Gen. Walter Krueger 1453:were shipped to Japan. 1374: 1366: 4357:Chun, Clayton (2015). 4338:public domain material 3665:. New York: Macmillan. 2777:Iliff David Richardson 2646:26th Infantry Division 2560: 2546:38th Infantry Division 2533:Takachiho Paratroopers 2504:32nd Infantry Regiment 2458: 2431:11th Airborne Division 2403:11th Airborne Division 2353: 2337: 2250: 2227:96th Infantry Division 2218: 2186: 2139: 2114:21st Infantry Regiment 2080: 1643:Southwest Pacific Area 1580:Gen. Douglas MacArthur 1502: 1411:Imperial Japanese Army 938:Action of 24 July 1945 411:Tsunehiro Shirai 241:Commanders and leaders 121:11.17222°N 125.01222°E 4305:Dufty, David (2017). 2612:12th Cavalry Regiment 2558: 2456: 2351: 2335: 2248: 2216: 2184: 2156:7th Infantry Division 2137: 2106:amphibious transports 2078: 1882:Theodore S. Wilkinson 1811:Further information: 1740:Southern landing area 1699:Northern landing area 1670:Further information: 1500: 1468:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1463:Franklin D. Roosevelt 660:Casualties and losses 4577:December 1944 events 4572:November 1944 events 4452:Sandler, S. (2000). 2752:William A. McWhorter 2717:George Benjamin, Jr. 2510:Battle of the Ridges 2358:Battle of Leyte Gulf 2028:Leyte Defense Forces 1991:Fourteenth Area Army 1918:Thirteenth Air Force 1846:Vice Admiral Kinkaid 1807:Naval and air forces 1731:1st Cavalry Division 1215:New Britain campaign 928:South China Sea raid 651:246 artillery pieces 585:Fourteenth Area Army 427:Yoshimi Adachi 21:Battle of Leyte Gulf 4567:October 1944 events 3288:, p. 34–35,39. 3082:Cannon pp. 367-368. 2767:Harold H. Moon, Jr. 2727:Leonard C. Brostrom 2529:2nd Raiding Brigade 2497:Battle of Ormoc Bay 2255:Archibald V. Arnold 2191:Frederick A. Irving 2039:Lieutenant General 2015:Lieutenant General 1902:Lieutenant General 1756:Lieutenant General 1715:Lieutenant General 1687:Lieutenant General 1507:amphibious assaults 1427:Japanese occupation 1222:Operation Cartwheel 1132:New Guinea campaign 126:11.17222; 125.01222 117: / 4361:. Oxford: Osprey. 4344:The Leyte Campaign 4232:, p. 258–264. 4157:, p. 239–240. 4145:, p. 239,360. 4121:, p. 234–236. 4109:, p. 233–234. 4097:, p. 232,251. 4070:, p. 230–231. 4013:, p. 221,229. 4001:, p. 226–228. 3989:, p. 200–205. 3894:, p. 187–188. 3870:, p. 266,269. 3858:, p. 142,152. 3846:, p. 147,162. 3822:, p. 148–149. 3789:, p. 133–140. 3753:, p. 120–121. 3714:, p. 111–113. 3383:Universal Newsreel 2951:www.j-aircraft.com 2712:Bataan death march 2561: 2459: 2354: 2338: 2251: 2219: 2187: 2176:San Juanico Strait 2140: 2081: 1999:Tomoyuki Yamashita 1718:Franklin C. Sibert 1513:between Leyte and 1511:San Juanico Strait 1503: 1415:Tomoyuki Yamashita 1159:Nassau Bay Landing 666:Battle casualties: 371:Tomoyuki Yamashita 280:Franklin C. Sibert 72:, 20 October 1944. 4527:Conflicts in 1944 4368:978 1-4728-0690-1 3508:, p. 99–106. 2574:Arthur D. Struble 2552:ceased to exist. 2343:aircraft carriers 2010:Thirty-Fifth Army 1899:Allied Air Forces 1826:Thomas C. Kinkaid 1650:Douglas MacArthur 1567:Theatre commander 1491:William F. Halsey 1483:aircraft carriers 1407:Douglas MacArthur 1352: 1351: 1252:Wide Bay–Open Bay 1174:Admiralty Islands 946: 945: 833:Villa Verde Trail 692: 691: 683:36,791 sick/other 306:Thomas C. Kinkaid 258:Douglas MacArthur 144: 143: 62:Douglas MacArthur 4584: 4481: 4467: 4448: 4429: 4410: 4391: 4372: 4352: 4335: 4334: 4321: 4320: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4030: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3637: 3631: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3593: 3592:, p. 64,73. 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3568:, p. 95–96. 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3544:, p. 80–81. 3539: 3533: 3532:, p. 65–69. 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3482: 3481:, p. 60–63. 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3407: 3406:, p. 47–48. 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3315:, p. 26,35. 3310: 3304: 3298: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3276:, p. 26,37. 3271: 3265: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3234:, p. 16–17. 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3196: 3195:, p. 10–11. 3190: 3184: 3178: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3027: 3020: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2973: 2972: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2772:Charles E. Mower 2722:Richard Ira Bong 2648:in the process. 2597:awardee Captain 2537:Joseph May Swing 2390:pincer operation 2261:and Julita, the 2223:James L. Bradley 1965: 1953: 1941: 1905:George C. Kenney 1858:Daniel E. Barbey 1819:US Seventh Fleet 1748: 1707: 1680: 1626: 1614: 1602: 1577: 1387:Pacific campaign 1384: 1367:Labanan sa Leyte 1120:Treasury Islands 986: 984: 974: 967: 960: 951: 950: 887:Naval operations 730: 728: 718: 711: 704: 695: 694: 688:714-828 captured 648: 647: 635: 634: 626: 625: 615: 614: 581: 580: 554: 553: 532: 531: 507: 506: 476: 475: 452: 442: 441: 433: 426: 425: 417: 410: 409: 401: 391: 390: 380: 379: 369: 368: 355:Ruperto Kangleón 353: 352: 338: 337: 321:George C. Kenney 319: 318: 304: 303: 289: 288: 278: 277: 267: 266: 256: 255: 231: 229: 228: 220: 216: 214: 213: 195: 193: 192: 182: 180: 179: 168: 166: 165: 132: 131: 129: 128: 127: 122: 118: 115: 114: 113: 110: 78: 77: 58: 30: 29: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4581: 4517: 4516: 4488: 4464: 4445: 4426: 4407: 4388: 4369: 4341: 4332: 4329: 4324: 4317: 4303: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3942: 3934: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3640: 3632: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3307: 3299: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3047: 3043: 3034: 3030: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2991: 2983: 2976: 2969:www.generals.dk 2963: 2962: 2958: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2933:www.generals.dk 2927: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2782:John F. Thorson 2707: 2679: 2666: 2633:Joseph M. Swing 2607: 2570:Andrew D. Bruce 2566: 2521: 2512: 2500: 2493: 2411: 2382: 2297: 2271:satchel charges 2171: 2098:Dinagat islands 2086: 2073: 2058:Fourth Air Army 1978: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1926: 1913:Fifth Air Force 1901: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1797:Landed 23 Nov: 1791:Landed 14 Nov: 1751:XXIV Army Corps 1693: 1686: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1646: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1560:Opposing forces 1435: 1421:, launched the 1359:Battle of Leyte 1355: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1303:Borneo campaign 1232:Cape Gloucester 987: 982: 980: 978: 948: 947: 942: 933:Raid on Taihoku 731: 726: 724: 722: 687: 682: 680: 678: 674: 672: 670: 668: 654: 652: 650: 642: 629: 628: 620: 619: 617: 609: 575: 548: 535:Fifth Air Force 526: 520:Aerial elements 501: 470: 464:Ground elements 446: 436: 435: 429: 420: 419: 413: 404: 403: 397: 385: 384: 374: 373: 363: 362: 347: 346: 342: 332: 331: 323: 313: 312: 310:Army Air Force: 308: 298: 297: 293: 283: 282: 272: 271: 261: 260: 250: 249: 226: 224: 211: 209: 207: 190: 188: 177: 175: 163: 161: 160: 125: 123: 119: 116: 111: 108: 106: 104: 103: 102: 85: 59: 44:Pacific Theater 33:Battle of Leyte 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4590: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4486:External links 4484: 4483: 4482: 4468: 4462: 4449: 4443: 4430: 4424: 4411: 4405: 4392: 4386: 4373: 4367: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4297: 4285: 4283:, p. 325. 4273: 4271:, p. 295. 4261: 4259:, p. 290. 4246: 4244:, p. 289. 4234: 4222: 4220:, p. 284. 4210: 4208:, p. 274. 4198: 4196:, p. 258. 4186: 4184:, p. 257. 4174: 4172:, p. 242. 4159: 4147: 4135: 4133:, p. 234. 4123: 4111: 4099: 4087: 4085:, p. 233. 4072: 4060: 4058:, p. 232. 4048: 4042:978-0743227186 4041: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3977:, p. 200. 3967: 3965:, p. 201. 3955: 3953:, p. 199. 3940: 3938:, p. 192. 3925: 3923:, p. 189. 3913: 3911:, p. 186. 3896: 3884: 3882:, p. 182. 3872: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3834:, p. 162. 3824: 3812: 3810:, p. 147. 3800: 3791: 3779: 3777:, p. 133. 3767: 3765:, p. 121. 3755: 3743: 3741:, p. 116. 3728: 3726:, p. 115. 3716: 3704: 3702:, p. 111. 3692: 3690:, p. 110. 3680: 3678:, p. 107. 3668: 3653: 3638: 3621: 3609: 3594: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3522: 3520:, p. 106. 3510: 3498: 3483: 3471: 3469:, p. 343. 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3408: 3396: 3368: 3353: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3197: 3185: 3168: 3156: 3154:, p. 8–9. 3144: 3142:, p. 7–8. 3132: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3063: 3054: 3041: 3028: 3015: 3002: 2989: 2974: 2956: 2938: 2920: 2918:, p. 324. 2904: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2886: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2813: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2794: 2792:Francis B. Wai 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747:Thomas McGuire 2744: 2739: 2734: 2732:Elmer E. Fryar 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2678: 2675: 2665: 2662: 2606: 2603: 2599:Robert B. Nett 2595:Medal of Honor 2565: 2562: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2492: 2489: 2410: 2407: 2381: 2378: 2323:escort carrier 2296: 2293: 2170: 2167: 2085: 2082: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2037: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2013: 2003: 2002: 1994: 1979:Field Marshal 1967: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1795: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1754: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1727: 1713: 1690:Walter Krueger 1667: 1664: 1638: 1635: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1489:under Admiral 1487:U.S. 3rd Fleet 1472:Chester Nimitz 1434: 1431: 1375:Gubat ha Leyte 1350: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1314: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1286:2nd Corregidor 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1169:Huon Peninsula 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1094:2nd Balikpapan 1091: 1086: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1037:1st Balikpapan 1034: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1013:1st Corregidor 1010: 1005: 999: 998: 992: 989: 988: 977: 976: 969: 962: 954: 944: 943: 941: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 908: 903: 895: 884: 883: 876: 869: 856: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 818: 811: 804: 799: 794: 787: 772: 771: 764: 759: 754: 749: 736: 733: 732: 721: 720: 713: 706: 698: 690: 689: 684: 671:11,991 wounded 662: 661: 657: 656: 640: 606: 605: 601: 600: 599: 598: 592: 591: 589: 571: 570: 569: 563: 562: 542:Naval elements 539: 538: 517: 516: 498: 497: 492: 486: 485: 459: 458: 457:Units involved 454: 453: 444:Kyoji Tominaga 357: 269:Walter Krueger 243: 242: 238: 237: 236: 235: 199: 187: 186: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 140:Allied victory 138: 134: 133: 94: 92: 88: 87: 82: 74: 73: 51: 50: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4589: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4463:0-8153-1883-9 4459: 4456:. Routledge. 4455: 4450: 4446: 4444:1-55750-885-2 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4425:9781612001555 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4406:0-7858-1313-6 4402: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4387:0-8032-1708-0 4383: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4318: 4316:9781925322187 4312: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4202: 4195: 4190: 4183: 4178: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4156: 4151: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4120: 4115: 4108: 4103: 4096: 4091: 4084: 4079: 4077: 4069: 4064: 4057: 4052: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4019: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3964: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3922: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3752: 3747: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3725: 3720: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3672: 3664: 3657: 3651:, p. 71. 3650: 3645: 3643: 3636:, p. 70. 3635: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3619:, p. 73. 3618: 3613: 3607:, p. 64. 3606: 3601: 3599: 3591: 3586: 3580:, p. 96. 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3556:, p. 80. 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3502: 3496:, p. 75. 3495: 3490: 3488: 3480: 3475: 3468: 3463: 3457:, p. 46. 3456: 3451: 3445:, p. 54. 3444: 3439: 3433:, p. 50. 3432: 3427: 3421:, p. 47. 3420: 3415: 3413: 3405: 3400: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3372: 3366:, p. 40. 3365: 3360: 3358: 3351:, p. 41. 3350: 3345: 3339:, p. 27. 3338: 3333: 3327:, p. 38. 3326: 3321: 3314: 3309: 3303:, p. 35. 3302: 3297: 3295: 3287: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3222:, p. 12. 3221: 3216: 3210:, p. 11. 3209: 3204: 3202: 3194: 3189: 3183:, p. 10. 3182: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3130:, p. 22. 3129: 3124: 3122: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3088: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3019: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2987:, p. 39. 2986: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2827: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2742:Ova A. Kelley 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2564:Fall of Ormoc 2557: 2553: 2551: 2550:16th Division 2547: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2507: 2505: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2305:16th Division 2302: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2280:flamethrowers 2277: 2272: 2269:, who placed 2268: 2264: 2263:17th Infantry 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2231:landing craft 2228: 2224: 2215: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2077: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2034:16th Division 2031: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2018:Sosaku Suzuki 2014: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887:Mount Olympus 1883: 1880:Vice Admiral 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1856:Rear Admiral 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1823:Vice Admiral 1821: 1820: 1814: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1759:John R. Hodge 1755: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1683:US Sixth Army 1679: 1673: 1666:Ground forces 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655:light cruiser 1652: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1637:United States 1625: 1613: 1601: 1576: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1550:16th Division 1545: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1276:Lingayen Gulf 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247:Jacquinot Bay 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1059:Badung Strait 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 993: 990: 985: 975: 970: 968: 963: 961: 956: 955: 952: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 913: 909: 907: 904: 902: 900: 896: 894: 891: 890: 889: 888: 882: 881: 877: 875: 874: 870: 868: 865: 864: 863: 862: 861: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 823: 819: 817: 816: 812: 810: 809: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 792: 791:Lingayen Gulf 788: 786: 785: 781: 780: 779: 778: 777: 770: 769: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 747: 743: 742: 741: 740: 734: 729: 719: 714: 712: 707: 705: 700: 699: 696: 685: 677: 667: 664: 663: 658: 646: 641: 639: 633: 624: 613: 608: 607: 602: 597: 594: 593: 590: 588: 587: 586: 579: 574: 573: 572: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 559: 558:Seventh Fleet 552: 547: 546: 545: 543: 537: 536: 530: 525: 524: 523: 521: 515:(Final phase) 514: 513: 512: 505: 500: 499: 496: 493: 491: 488: 487: 484:(Final phase) 483: 482: 481: 474: 469: 468: 467: 465: 461: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 434: 432: 424: 418: 416: 408: 402: 400: 394: 389: 383: 382:Sōsaku Suzuki 378: 372: 367: 361: 358: 356: 351: 345: 341: 340:Sergio Osmeña 336: 330: 328: 322: 317: 311: 307: 302: 296: 292: 291:John R. Hodge 287: 281: 276: 270: 265: 259: 254: 248: 245: 244: 239: 234: 223: 222: 221: 219: 206: 205: 200: 198: 185: 174: 173: 172: 171: 170:United States 159: 158: 153: 152: 147: 139: 136: 135: 130: 101: 97: 93: 90: 89: 83: 80: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66:Sergio Osmeña 63: 57: 52: 49: 45: 41: 36: 31: 26: 22: 4475: 4472:Toll, Ian W. 4453: 4434: 4415: 4396: 4377: 4358: 4343: 4330: 4327:Bibliography 4306: 4300: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4237: 4225: 4213: 4201: 4189: 4177: 4150: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4090: 4063: 4051: 4026: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3916: 3887: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3719: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3612: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3399: 3387:. Retrieved 3377: 3371: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3281: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3246:, p. 1. 3239: 3227: 3215: 3188: 3166:, p. 9. 3159: 3147: 3135: 3115:, p. 5. 3108: 3103:, p. 7. 3096: 3087: 3078: 3066: 3057: 3044: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2992: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2816: 2807: 2787:Dirk J. Vlug 2680: 2667: 2658: 2650: 2630: 2608: 2591: 2583: 2577: 2567: 2542: 2532: 2522: 2513: 2501: 2473: 2460: 2443: 2435: 2419:1st Division 2412: 2387: 2383: 2368:(9,100 2355: 2339: 2316: 2313: 2298: 2267:spider holes 2252: 2220: 2188: 2172: 2160: 2141: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2087: 2056: 2051: 2042:Shiro Makino 2040: 2032: 2027: 2016: 2008: 1997: 1989: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1885: 1875: 1861: 1851: 1841: 1833: 1824: 1817: 1816: 1786: 1757: 1749: 1739: 1716: 1710:X Army Corps 1708: 1698: 1688: 1681: 1675: 1657: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1554:Shiro Makino 1546: 1524: 1504: 1480: 1455: 1436: 1418: 1391:World War II 1358: 1356: 1329:North Borneo 1317: 1310: 1265: 1191: 1184: 1179:Aitape-Wewak 1164:Salamaua-Lae 1154:Bismarck Sea 1144:Kokoda Track 1125:Bougainville 1089:North Borneo 923:Convoy Hi-81 910: 899:Shin'yō Maru 898: 893:Convoy Hi-71 886: 885: 878: 871: 858: 857: 853:Bessang Pass 820: 813: 806: 789: 782: 774: 773: 766: 745: 744: 737: 675: 669:3,504 killed 665: 583: 582: 567:UDT 8, UDT 9 557: 556: 541: 540: 533: 519: 518: 509: 508: 478: 477: 463: 462: 430: 414: 398: 393:Shiro Makino 359: 343: 324: 309: 294: 246: 202: 201: 155: 154: 149:Belligerents 96:Leyte Island 48:World War II 38:Part of the 25: 4281:Prefer 2012 4269:Prefer 2012 4257:Prefer 2012 4242:Prefer 2012 4230:Prefer 2012 4218:Prefer 2012 4206:Prefer 2012 4194:Prefer 2012 4182:Prefer 2012 4170:Prefer 2012 4155:Prefer 2012 4143:Prefer 2012 4131:Prefer 2012 4119:Prefer 2012 4107:Prefer 2012 4095:Prefer 2012 4083:Prefer 2012 4068:Prefer 2012 4056:Prefer 2012 4011:Prefer 2012 3999:Prefer 2012 3987:Prefer 2012 3975:Prefer 2012 3963:Prefer 2012 3951:Prefer 2012 3936:Prefer 2012 3921:Prefer 2012 3909:Prefer 2012 3892:Prefer 2012 3880:Prefer 2012 3868:Prefer 2012 3856:Prefer 2012 3844:Prefer 2012 3832:Prefer 2012 3820:Prefer 2012 3808:Prefer 2012 3787:Prefer 2012 3775:Prefer 2012 3763:Prefer 2012 3751:Prefer 2012 3739:Prefer 2012 3724:Prefer 2012 3712:Prefer 2012 3700:Prefer 2012 3688:Prefer 2012 3676:Prefer 2012 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344:Guerrillas: 124: / 112:125°00′44″E 100:Philippines 4521:Categories 2901:References 2701:’s staff. 2691:Willoughby 2587:Ormoc City 2544:Infantry, 2429:, and the 2366:short tons 2327:USS St. Lo 2236:Tabontabon 2208:casualties 2052:Air Forces 1985:at Manila 1863:Blue Ridge 1533:Ormoc City 1433:Background 1403:guerrillas 1344:Balikpapan 1271:Leyte Gulf 1079:2nd Borneo 1027:1st Borneo 1008:1st Bataan 912:Leyte Gulf 822:Corregidor 802:Cabanatuan 653:33 mortars 638:guerrillas 495:XXIV Corps 480:Sixth Army 327:Government 109:11°10′20″N 3022:Cannon, " 2664:Aftermath 2374:Ormoc Bay 2318:kamikazes 2301:35th Army 2240:pillboxes 2118:Sogod Bay 2061:at Manila 1776:Reserve: 1659:Nashville 1451:petroleum 1445:by which 1385:) in the 1185:Recklesss 1149:Buna–Gona 1139:Coral Sea 1003:Lamon Bay 918:Ormoc Bay 838:Los Baños 768:Cebu City 681:6 missing 596:35th Army 325:Civilian 197:Australia 4474:(2020). 2705:See also 2653:Palompon 2617:grenades 2585:entered 2578:kamikaze 2485:Calubian 2481:Capoocan 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