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Battle of Jackson

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181: 802: 232: 204: 302: 163: 600: 1782: 737: 48: 1794: 1746: 267: 1756: 1417: 258: 814:. Despite official orders from Sherman prohibiting such behavior, civilian homes were also plundered and burned. Between fires that had been set by retreating Confederates destroying supplies and those set by Union troops during the occupation, Jackson suffered significant fire damage. For a time, Grant had his headquarters in the same building that Johnston had stayed in while he was in the town. 309: 650:, as part of that plan. Grant's men fought their way inland and then moved east with the intention of later turning to the west and attacking Vicksburg from that direction. The movement was conducted in three columns. Meanwhile, Confederate troops from across the country were dispatched to reinforce the defenders of Vicksburg. The reinforcements gathered at 842:
Union lines at the Big Black River two days later, decided that the defenses could not be taken and did not bring on a battle. Johnston ordered a retreat on July 5, and on July 7, Johnston's retreating troops reoccupied Jackson. Grant responded by sending Sherman with 46,000 men to follow Johnston. This movement, known as the
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to test the Confederate fortifications. The Ohio regiment found that the position had been abandoned, and were informed by an African American civilian that only a token Confederate artillery force remained. When Sherman's overall advance occurred not long afterwards, these artillerymen were captured
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Johnston, who had a reputation for defeatism, arrived in Jackson on May 13. About 6,000 Confederate troops held the city, including Gregg's recently defeated men, although additional reinforcements were expected. During his journey to Jackson, Johnston had learned that Grant's army had moved into
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continued until July 4, when Pemberton surrendered. During the siege, reinforcements from across the Confederacy continued to be diverted to Johnston, who eventually amassed 32,000 men. Named the Army of Relief, Johnston's force did not move against Grant until July 1, and then upon reaching the
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After taking the town, the Union soldiers, primarily Sherman's men, demolished infrastructure in the city. Factories, warehouses, and other military and economic sites were destroyed. Grant and Sherman personally visited a textiles plant before Sherman ordered its destruction. Iron rails of the
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was a Union victory, although McPherson's poor handling of the battle allowed the badly-outnumbered Confederates to prolong the battle. The fighting at Raymond changed Grant's approach to the campaign. Realizing that the Confederate force in Jackson was stronger than he had believed, Grant was
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stated that the Confederates lost a little over 200 men, while Grant lost 332: 48 killed, 273 wounded, and 11 missing. Historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel place Union losses at 300 (42 killed, 251 wounded, and 7 missing), while putting Confederate losses at about 845 men; the
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used at the time from becoming waterlogged and unusable. McPherson, unsure of the strength of the force he was facing, initially acted cautiously, using artillery fire to probe the Confederate lines. After determining that he was not facing a large force, McPherson ordered Brigadier General
587:, which fought Sherman's and McPherson's men at Jackson on May 14 before withdrawing. After taking the city, Union troops destroyed economic and military infrastructure and also plundered civilians' homes. Grant then moved against Vicksburg, which he placed under siege on May 18 and 711:. The Union force was between the Confederate positions. Johnston decided that Jackson could not be held in what the historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel described as "unseemly haste", sent a telegram to his commanding officers in 776:
back into the fortifications around Jackson, and the Union soldiers soon carried the main defenses as well. By the time McPherson's men had reached the fortifications, all of the Confederate defenders except for the crews of seven
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had formed a roadblock outside of town with their brigades, but the rainfall forced the action to halt. During the respite provided by the rain, the Confederates learned of Sherman's approach, and sent a unit of
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at Jackson. While retreating, Johnston sent Pemberton a misleading message suggesting that Johnston's men would support Pemberton in an offensive movement when he had no intention of doing so. The historian
846:, reached the city of July 10. The city was soon placed under siege; a limited Union attack that mistakenly occurred was repulsed on July 12. Johnston again abandoned Jackson on the night of July 16/17. 1829: 747:
On May 14, the Union soldiers made contact with the Confederate rear guard 5 miles (8.0 km) from Jackson during a thunderstorm. Two Confederate officers, Brigadier General
1719: 1824: 357: 1759: 1449: 830:, edited by Frances Kennedy, gives Union losses as 286 men and Confederate losses as 850. Almost all of the Union losses were suffered by McPherson's corps. 772:'s division to attack the Confederate lines. Initial Confederate resistance cost McPherson about 300 casualties, but Crocker's attack forced the Confederate 833:
After Jackson was captured, the forces of Johnston and Pemberton were cut off from each other. On May 16, Grant's men defeated Pemberton decisively at the
554: 1849: 591:. Despite being reinforced, Johnston made only a weak effort to save the Vicksburg garrison, and was driven out of Jackson a second time in mid-July. 1472: 108: 1819: 1749: 350: 322: 715:, stating "I am too late", and ordered the evacuation of the city. While Johnston and his staff made the 25-mile (40 km) retreat to 1442: 1111: 763:
to confront his column. After the rain stopped, the Union advance resumed. The delay during the rain had been necessary to prevent the
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The City of Jackson preserves 2 acres (0.81 ha) of the battlefield: one in a public park and another on the campus of the
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unwilling to leave the enemy force in his rear and decided to send his men against the Jackson position. Unsure if McPherson's
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Sherman's advance met less opposition. Only small amount of artillery fire resisted his advance, and Sherman detached the
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and armed civilians. In addition to the seven cannons captured by McPherson's men, Sherman's advance took a further ten.
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believes that this was designed to present the appearance in the official records that he was not abandoning Vicksburg.
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was strong enough to take the city, Grant ordered McPherson to attack Jackson from the northwest, while Major General
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Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields: State of Mississippi
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Bearss, Edwin C. (1998). "Battle and Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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by rail, the rest of his army made the retreat on foot. Gregg's men were tasked with serving as a
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Southern Railroad of Mississippi were damaged by bending them into circular shapes known as
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A Sherman's necktie. Destruction such as this was performed in Jackson after the battle.
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Bearss, Edwin C. (1998). "Champion Hill, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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Mississippi, while Pemberton's force was holding a defensive position along the
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This article is about the battle in Jackson, Mississippi. For other uses, see
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On May 12, one of the Union columns, under the command of Major General
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Estimates of casualties suffered in the battle vary. The historian
1201: 790: 266: 1416: 1189: 1177: 1165: 1039: 778: 257: 1227:(1998). "Raymond, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.). 1090: 1088: 1086: 939: 937: 935: 686:, encountered Gregg's Confederates near Raymond. The ensuing 565: 1370:
Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River
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List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi
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army was too strong to be safely bypassed, so he sent two
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Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
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Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign that Broke the Confederacy
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New York: Simon and Schuster. 307: 300: 265: 256: 230: 202: 179: 161: 46: 1306:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 1267:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 1248:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 1229:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 828:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 514:was fought on May 14, 1863, in 308: 526:. After entering the state of 415:Steele's Greenville expedition 55:Battle of Jackson, Mississippi 1: 861: 288: 1108:"Battle of Jackson (May 14)" 866: 796: 7: 786:95th Ohio Infantry Regiment 703:struck from the southwest. 10: 1871: 1284:Bearss, Edwin C. (2007) . 1216: 1208:National Park Service 2010 826:agrees with both figures. 619:In early 1863, during the 594: 426:Battle of Newton's Station 62:, shows the charge of the 18: 1740: 1702: 1648: 1592: 1556: 1549: 1493: 1465: 731: 410:Steele's Bayou expedition 377: 295: 279: 250: 192: 154: 78: 45: 37: 32: 1713:Fourth Military District 1196:Shea & Winschel 2003 1184:Shea & Winschel 2003 1172:Shea & Winschel 2003 1095:Shea & Winschel 2003 1046:Shea & Winschel 2003 973:Shea & Winschel 2003 944:Shea & Winschel 2003 915:Shea & Winschel 2003 850:Battlefield preservation 835:Battle of Champion Hill 648:Bruinsburg, Mississippi 568:, under major generals 326:Location in Mississippi 1635:Big Black River Bridge 806: 744: 644:Vicksburg, Mississippi 616: 547:Vicksburg, Mississippi 462:Big Black River Bridge 193:Commanders and leaders 86:May 14, 1863 58:by Alfred E. Mathews, 824:National Park Service 804: 739: 602: 280:Casualties and losses 124:32.28750°N 90.20000°W 1840:Jackson, Mississippi 1424:at Wikimedia Commons 770:Marcellus M. Crocker 652:Jackson, Mississippi 530:in late April 1863, 516:Jackson, Mississippi 323:class=notpageimage| 103:Jackson, Mississippi 1815:1863 in Mississippi 1671:Brice's Cross Roads 1198:, pp. 182–184. 1186:, pp. 180–181. 1174:, pp. 167–169. 1162:, pp. 171–173. 1150:, pp. 167–170. 1080:, pp. 392–393. 1048:, pp. 125–126. 987:, pp. 388–389. 929:, pp. 164–166. 893:, pp. 164–165. 881:, pp. 157–158. 129:32.28750; -90.20000 120: /  1855:Vicksburg campaign 1787:American Civil War 844:Jackson Expedition 839:siege of Vicksburg 812:Sherman's neckties 807: 745: 713:Richmond, Virginia 697:William T. Sherman 684:James B. McPherson 663:Lieutenant General 659:Joseph E. Johnston 621:American Civil War 617: 589:captured on July 4 574:William T. Sherman 570:James B. McPherson 558:Joseph E. 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Pemberton 654:, and on May 10, 640:Mississippi River 608: Confederate 578:Brigadier General 551:Battle of Raymond 543:Mississippi River 518:, as part of the 512:Battle of Jackson 505: 504: 334: 333: 150: 149: 33:Battle of Jackson 1862: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1758: 1757: 1748: 1747: 1600:Newton's Station 1554: 1553: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1429: 1428: 1419: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1394: 1383: 1364: 1342: 1320: 1299: 1280: 1261: 1242: 1225:Bearss, Edwin C. 1211: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1081: 1075: 1066: 1060: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1020: 1014: 1005: 999: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 947: 941: 930: 924: 918: 912: 906: 900: 894: 888: 882: 876: 789:and found to be 765:paper cartridges 761:mounted infantry 726:Donald L. Miller 628:Ulysses S. Grant 613: 607: 535:Ulysses S. Grant 372: 370: 360: 353: 346: 337: 336: 311: 310: 304: 290: 275:Jackson Garrison 269: 260: 235: 234: 209:Ulysses S. 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Index

Battle of Jackson (disambiguation)
American Civil War

31st Ohio
17th Iowa
80th Ohio
10th Missouri
Jackson, Mississippi
32°17′15″N 90°12′00″W / 32.28750°N 90.20000°W / 32.28750; -90.20000
Union
United States
Union
Confederate States
United States
Ulysses S. Grant
James B. McPherson
William T. Sherman
Confederate States of America
Joseph E. Johnston
John Gregg

XV Corps

XVII Corps
Jackson is located in Mississippi
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v
t
e
Vicksburg campaign

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