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814:. Despite official orders from Sherman prohibiting such behavior, civilian homes were also plundered and burned. Between fires that had been set by retreating Confederates destroying supplies and those set by Union troops during the occupation, Jackson suffered significant fire damage. For a time, Grant had his headquarters in the same building that Johnston had stayed in while he was in the town.
309:
650:, as part of that plan. Grant's men fought their way inland and then moved east with the intention of later turning to the west and attacking Vicksburg from that direction. The movement was conducted in three columns. Meanwhile, Confederate troops from across the country were dispatched to reinforce the defenders of Vicksburg. The reinforcements gathered at
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Union lines at the Big Black River two days later, decided that the defenses could not be taken and did not bring on a battle. Johnston ordered a retreat on July 5, and on July 7, Johnston's retreating troops reoccupied
Jackson. Grant responded by sending Sherman with 46,000 men to follow Johnston. This movement, known as the
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to test the
Confederate fortifications. The Ohio regiment found that the position had been abandoned, and were informed by an African American civilian that only a token Confederate artillery force remained. When Sherman's overall advance occurred not long afterwards, these artillerymen were captured
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Johnston, who had a reputation for defeatism, arrived in
Jackson on May 13. About 6,000 Confederate troops held the city, including Gregg's recently defeated men, although additional reinforcements were expected. During his journey to Jackson, Johnston had learned that Grant's army had moved into
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continued until July 4, when
Pemberton surrendered. During the siege, reinforcements from across the Confederacy continued to be diverted to Johnston, who eventually amassed 32,000 men. Named the Army of Relief, Johnston's force did not move against Grant until July 1, and then upon reaching the
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After taking the town, the Union soldiers, primarily
Sherman's men, demolished infrastructure in the city. Factories, warehouses, and other military and economic sites were destroyed. Grant and Sherman personally visited a textiles plant before Sherman ordered its destruction. Iron rails of the
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was a Union victory, although McPherson's poor handling of the battle allowed the badly-outnumbered
Confederates to prolong the battle. The fighting at Raymond changed Grant's approach to the campaign. Realizing that the Confederate force in Jackson was stronger than he had believed, Grant was
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stated that the
Confederates lost a little over 200 men, while Grant lost 332: 48 killed, 273 wounded, and 11 missing. Historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel place Union losses at 300 (42 killed, 251 wounded, and 7 missing), while putting Confederate losses at about 845 men; the
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used at the time from becoming waterlogged and unusable. McPherson, unsure of the strength of the force he was facing, initially acted cautiously, using artillery fire to probe the
Confederate lines. After determining that he was not facing a large force, McPherson ordered Brigadier General
587:, which fought Sherman's and McPherson's men at Jackson on May 14 before withdrawing. After taking the city, Union troops destroyed economic and military infrastructure and also plundered civilians' homes. Grant then moved against Vicksburg, which he placed under siege on May 18 and
711:. The Union force was between the Confederate positions. Johnston decided that Jackson could not be held in what the historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel described as "unseemly haste", sent a telegram to his commanding officers in
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back into the fortifications around
Jackson, and the Union soldiers soon carried the main defenses as well. By the time McPherson's men had reached the fortifications, all of the Confederate defenders except for the crews of seven
646:. After early efforts failed, Grant decided to move south of the city on the opposite side of the river, and then cross the Mississippi to move against the town and its garrison. In late April, 24,000 Union soldiers were landed at
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had formed a roadblock outside of town with their brigades, but the rainfall forced the action to halt. During the respite provided by the rain, the
Confederates learned of Sherman's approach, and sent a unit of
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at Jackson. While retreating, Johnston sent Pemberton a misleading message suggesting that Johnston's men would support Pemberton in an offensive movement when he had no intention of doing so. The historian
846:, reached the city of July 10. The city was soon placed under siege; a limited Union attack that mistakenly occurred was repulsed on July 12. Johnston again abandoned Jackson on the night of July 16/17.
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On May 14, the Union soldiers made contact with the Confederate rear guard 5 miles (8.0 km) from Jackson during a thunderstorm. Two Confederate officers, Brigadier General
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830:, edited by Frances Kennedy, gives Union losses as 286 men and Confederate losses as 850. Almost all of the Union losses were suffered by McPherson's corps.
772:'s division to attack the Confederate lines. Initial Confederate resistance cost McPherson about 300 casualties, but Crocker's attack forced the Confederate
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After Jackson was captured, the forces of Johnston and Pemberton were cut off from each other. On May 16, Grant's men defeated Pemberton decisively at the
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591:. Despite being reinforced, Johnston made only a weak effort to save the Vicksburg garrison, and was driven out of Jackson a second time in mid-July.
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to confront his column. After the rain stopped, the Union advance resumed. The delay during the rain had been necessary to prevent the
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The City of Jackson preserves 2 acres (0.81 ha) of the battlefield: one in a public park and another on the campus of the
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unwilling to leave the enemy force in his rear and decided to send his men against the Jackson position. Unsure if McPherson's
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Sherman's advance met less opposition. Only small amount of artillery fire resisted his advance, and Sherman detached the
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and armed civilians. In addition to the seven cannons captured by McPherson's men, Sherman's advance took a further ten.
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believes that this was designed to present the appearance in the official records that he was not abandoning Vicksburg.
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was strong enough to take the city, Grant ordered McPherson to attack Jackson from the northwest, while Major General
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Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields: State of Mississippi
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A Sherman's necktie. Destruction such as this was performed in Jackson after the battle.
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This article is about the battle in Jackson, Mississippi. For other uses, see
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On May 12, one of the Union columns, under the command of Major General
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1269:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 164â167.
1250:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 171â173.
1231:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 164â167.
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Estimates of casualties suffered in the battle vary. The historian
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1227:(1998). "Raymond, Mississippi". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River
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List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi
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army was too strong to be safely bypassed, so he sent two
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1309:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin.
553:, which was fought on May 12, convinced Grant that
541:moved his force inland to strike at the strategic
1825:Battles of the American Civil War in Mississippi
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1395:. Washington, D. C.: National Park Service. 2010
1368:Shea, William L.; Winschel, Terrence J. (2003).
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740:Map of Jackson battlefield study area by the
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1329:The Beleaguered City: The Vicksburg Campaign
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55:Battle of Jackson, Mississippi
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835:Battle of Champion Hill
648:Bruinsburg, Mississippi
568:, under major generals
326:Location in Mississippi
1635:Big Black River Bridge
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462:Big Black River Bridge
193:Commanders and leaders
86:May 14, 1863
58:by Alfred E. Mathews,
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124:32.28750°N 90.20000°W
1840:Jackson, Mississippi
1424:at Wikimedia Commons
770:Marcellus M. Crocker
652:Jackson, Mississippi
530:in late April 1863,
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103:Jackson, Mississippi
1815:1863 in Mississippi
1671:Brice's Cross Roads
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812:Sherman's neckties
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684:James B. McPherson
663:Lieutenant General
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621:American Civil War
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570:James B. McPherson
558:Joseph E. Johnston
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497:Jackson expedition
482:Goodrich's Landing
390:Holly Springs Raid
369:Vicksburg campaign
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187:Confederate States
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1835:Conflicts in 1863
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1420:Media related to
1379:978-0-8032-9344-1
1360:978-1-4516-4139-4
1347:Miller, Donald L.
1316:978-0-395-74012-5
1295:978-1-4262-0093-9
1276:978-0-395-74012-5
1257:978-0-395-74012-5
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670:Brigadier General
666:John C. Pemberton
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1478:State Troops
1397:. Retrieved
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1247:
1228:
1210:, p. 5.
1203:
1191:
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1160:Bearss 1998c
1155:
1148:Bearss 1998b
1143:
1136:Kennedy 1998
1118:February 22,
1116:. Retrieved
1102:
1041:
980:
968:
922:
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879:Kennedy 1998
874:
853:
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819:Shelby Foote
816:
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705:
681:
618:
511:
509:
451:
383:
155:Belligerents
54:
53:
38:Part of the
25:
1799:Mississippi
1615:Port Gibson
1473:Confederacy
1399:January 31,
1078:Miller 2019
1017:Bearss 2007
1002:Miller 2019
985:Miller 2019
961:Miller 2019
927:Bearss 1998
903:Bearss 2007
891:Bearss 1998
636:Confederate
614: Union
562:Confederate
528:Mississippi
522:during the
442:Port Gibson
382:Sinking of
127: /
1809:Categories
1666:Yazoo City
1605:Grand Gulf
1569:Booneville
1536:Yazoo City
1516:Greenville
1506:Yazoo Pass
1466:Combatants
1063:Foote 1995
1034:Foote 1995
862:References
791:militiamen
721:rear guard
693:XVII Corps
673:John Gregg
632:Union Army
585:rear guard
581:John Gregg
539:Union Army
432:Grand Gulf
405:Yazoo Pass
271:XVII Corps
242:John Gregg
115:90°12â˛00âłW
112:32°17â˛15âłN
90:1863-05-14
1703:Aftermath
1681:Senatobia
1640:Vicksburg
1501:Vicksburg
1494:Campaigns
1327:(1995) .
867:Citations
797:Aftermath
492:Vicksburg
384:USS Cairo
68:80th Ohio
64:17th Iowa
60:31st Ohio
1750:Category
1678:Seminary
1656:Aberdeen
1531:Meridian
1349:(2019).
1112:Archived
701:XV Corps
642:city of
545:town of
477:Richmond
262:XV Corps
98:Location
1773:Portals
1760:Commons
1661:Okolona
1625:Jackson
1620:Raymond
1550:Battles
1526:Jackson
1217:Sources
779:cannons
774:pickets
753:Colonel
677:Raymond
656:General
630:of the
595:Prelude
555:General
537:of the
452:Jackson
447:Raymond
315:Jackson
291:200â850
285:286â332
146:victory
88: (
1685:Tupelo
1675:Oxford
1541:Tupelo
1376:
1357:
1335:
1313:
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1273:
1254:
1235:
732:Battle
717:Canton
638:-held
612:
606:
549:. The
487:Helena
184:
166:
140:Result
1511:Bayou
1485:Union
1393:(PDF)
566:corps
173:Union
144:Union
1649:1864
1593:1863
1574:Iuka
1557:1862
1401:2021
1374:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1120:2021
751:and
572:and
510:The
83:Date
70:and
52:The
699:'s
560:'s
1811::
1128:^
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424:(
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23:.
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