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Battle of Huamachuco

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of the 10 July. Cáceres' plan was to initiate the attack by destroying his enemy's most vulnerable position, southeast of Sazón hill. As the Chileans observed the threat posed by the Peruvian advance, they in turn rapidly moved their vanguard down the hill to try to contain the menace, counter-attacking the Peruvian right flank on Cuyulga hill. Two companies of the Chilean Zapadores Regiment managed to get down the Sazón heading for the Peruvian positions on Santa Bárbara hill.
940:. Originally General Cáceres divided his troops, with half on the Cuyulga hill and the rest on the left of it, to try to cut off the enemy from behind. However, Gorostiaga, as soon as he saw the Peruvians on the top of the hills, immediately gathered all his troops and evacuated the city, taking position in the Sazón hill, a perfect defensive position, with steep slopes and with a very difficult access facing the Cuyulga, a defensive position that in addition sported some 795: 128: 882:, the Chilean Commander-in-Chief, decided to send a new force against General Cáceres. This new army comprised three divisions, under the command of Colonels García, del Canto and Arriagada. The Chilean army was well armed, and had learned the lessons of previous forays into the high Andes. Their plan was to surround and corner the Peruvians to force them into a conventional battle. Soon after they captured the strategic city of 95: 863:, in addition to the decimation of their troops due to poor sanitation, convinced the Chilean High Command of the need to completely abandon the Central Andes. This retreat was made possible by the Chilean victory at Tarma Tambo on 15 July 1882. By that time, the occupation troops had been reduced to about half their original size. Peruvian General Andrés Cáceres controlled the 893:, with the Chilean divisions under Colonels del Canto and García in close pursuit. Under those circumstances, the Peruvians continued to retreat into the high Andes. By the third week of June the Peruvians were in critical condition as the Chileans had almost cornered them. On June 22 General Cáceres ordered a retreat via the 995:
The Peruvians lost 800 men - almost one third of their forces - including a large number of their officers. Among the dead were General Pedro Silva, Chief of Staff Colonel Manuel Tafur, and the four divisional chiefs: Luis Germán Astete, Manuel Cáceres, Juan Gastó and Máximo Tafur. Many more died or
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After four hours of fighting, Cáceres sensed victory. Gorostiaga's forces were reduced to defending themselves on their parapets at the very top of the Sazón. It was at that moment that the Peruvians started to run out of ammunition. Faced with this fact, Cáceres made a fatal mistake: he ordered his
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When the Peruvians saw that Gorostiaga had moved out, they moved into the town and took control of it, effectively cutting off the Chilean escape route. Later, on the 8th and all through the 9 July there were a few artillery exchanges, but the final Peruvian assault was reserved for the early hours
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Cáceres decided to try to destroy this reinforcement before it could reach Gorostiaga's division, but Chilean scouts were on the alert and the planned surprise attack failed. At that point, the Peruvian general called a war council and the decision was taken to stop retreating and to try to destroy
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allies at least had spears to defend themselves with. The Chilean downhill counter-attack broke the Peruvian lines. The formations of the Peruvian troops collapsed and the remnants started to flee from the battlefield. With this last attack the Chileans achieved victory. A few moments later, their
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Meanwhile, the Chileans quickly reorganised themselves and launched a massive bayonet counter-attack against the outnumbering Peruvian lines. Cáceres' Peruvians soldiers, who lacked bayonets, and with almost no ammunition by then, could only defend themselves with the butts of their rifles; their
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regiments; with this move Cáceres was seeking to surround the Chilean troops who were by then in retreat. Col. Gorostiaga tried to stop this evolving Peruvian movement by sending a company of the Concepción Battalion, under Lieutenant Luis Dell'Orto, to stall the attack of the Peruvian Colonel
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After many more hardships, on the 5 July the Peruvian army arrived at Tulpo, near Huamachuco, a further 120 km (75 mi) north of the Llankanuku Pass. The distances marched in the time taken—across some of the highest mountains in the world—by the Peruvians were astounding.
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Outnumbered, the Chilean forces were forced to retreat to their own lines under heavy Peruvian attack. Little by little the Peruvians started to push the Chilean line back up onto the summit of the Sazón hill. The Chilean artillery was silenced and regrouped on the left of the Chilean lines,
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Cáceres responded by sending two companies of his Junín and Jauja regiments. These troops found fierce opposition and became bogged down in the fighting now occurring in the area. To support his infantry, Cáceres also sent forward a few companies of the Cazadores de Concepción and Marcavalle
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artillery to relocate to the valley facing the hill in order to provide the final coup. Gorostiaga saw this tactical error and ordered a cavalry charge by a squadron of the Cazadores a Caballo Cav. Regiment led by Sergeant Major
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was occupying the town. Whilst the colonel was isolated from the main body of the Chilean army, another Chilean group was advancing from the rear to reinforce him in the town and to help push the Peruvians towards
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pass, located at an altitude of 3,850 meters and some 200 km (125 mi) north-west of Cerro de Pasco. Thanks to this risky maneuver he managed to evade the main Chilean force.
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and busied himself reorganizing his army. By January 1883, Cáceres had raised his troops to 3,200 well-armed and equipped men, and commanded central Peru.
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protected by the cavalry and the Zapadores Regiment, plus troops of the Concepción and Talca units. The Peruvians almost got to the top of the hill.
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and on May 5 they reunited the forces in the city of Chiqlla. Faced with this grave threat, the Peruvian army retreated north.
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On the 8 July 1883, the Peruvian forces - about 2,000 soldiers, plus a few hundred Indian guerrillas called
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infantry supported by two cannons, took the Peruvian basecamp at Cuyulga hill, ending the battle.
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Official report of Alberto Novoa Gormaz, Commandant of the Cazadores a Caballo Cavalry Regiment.
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Official report of Alejandro Gorostiaga. Commandant of the Chilean forces at Huamachuco
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were executed after the battle, among them one of Peru's greatest heroes, Colonel
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that finally put an end to the war. Also, one of Peru's greatest heroes, Colonel
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Unfortunately, at Tulpo, General Cáceres learned that the Chilean Colonel
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Official report of G. Fontecilla, Commander of the Nº 2 Artillery Brigade
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was fought on the 10 July 1883, and it was the last major battle of the
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Official report of Alejandro Cruz, Commandant of the "Talca" regiment
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Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1904 between Chile and Bolivia
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Army of the Center Commander: Colonel Francisco de Paula Secada
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Recopilación de Partes y Documentos de Ahumada Moreno, pág. 225
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Concepcion Infantry Battalion (Lt. Col. Herminio Gonzalez)
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Faced with this threat to the peace negotiations, Admiral
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Zapadores Infantry Battalion Companies (Captain Canales)
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Northern Detachment Commander: Colonel Issac Recavarren
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According to Chilean surgery chief Carlos Vargas Clark
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Piquete del Victoria Artillery Park (Lt. Col. Garcia)
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Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
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Expulsion of Chileans from Bolivia and Peru in 1879
1132:Talca Infantry Battalion (Lt. Col. Alejandro Cruz) 1020:Commanding General: General Andres Avelino Cáceres 867:valley and had even briefly possessed the city of 1434:Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia 1419:Boundary Treaty of 1866 between Chile and Bolivia 1126:Commander in Chief: Colonel Alejandro Gorostiaga 1104:Peruvian Horse Rifles Squadron (Sgt. Maj. Zavala) 2186: 922:(This article needs revision and clear sources) 1329: 1301:Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo 768: 218: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1424:Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru) 889:On the 30 May the Peruvian army arrived at 823:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 16:1883 final battle of the War of the Pacific 1336: 1322: 1112:Artillery Brigade (Col. of Artillery Rios) 225: 211: 1255: 1162: 1150: 1144:Artillery Brigade (Sgt. Major Fontecilla) 1141:Mounted Hunters Squadron (Lt. Col. Novoa) 1107:Tarma Escort Squadron (Sgt. Maj. Zapatel) 976: 843:Learn how and when to remove this message 1467:Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific 944:ruins that were to be used as parapets. 781:, died as a consequence of this battle. 41:The long way to the Battle of Huamachuco 1727:Torpedo boats in the War of the Pacific 1523:Land campaign of the War of the Pacific 914:the Chilean forces occupying the town. 755:. The Chilean soldiers, led by Colonel 2187: 1763:Consequences of the War of the Pacific 1343: 232: 1317: 206: 1737:Strategies of the War of the Pacific 1264: 1096:10th Infantry Battalion San Jeronimo 925: 821:adding citations to reliable sources 788: 180:hundreds of montoneras and milicians 1283:(1883). "A Great Chilian Victory." 1246: 1053:1st Division (Col. Manuel Cáceres) 13: 1007: 14: 2241: 2205:Battles of the War of the Pacific 1753:Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute 1602:Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos 1308:From Two Republics to One Divided 1075:3rd Division (Col. Maximo Tafur) 1070:7th Infantry Battalion Concepcion 1067:6th Infantry Battalion Marcavalle 1310:. Durham: Duke University Press. 1043:12th Infantry Battalion Huallaga 871:. He established his command in 793: 149: 138: 126: 106: 93: 35: 1277: 1064:2nd Division (Col. Juan Gasto) 1056:1st Infantry Battalion Tarapaca 371:Loa Line and Altiplano campaign 1214: 1190: 1178: 1032:5th Infantry Battalion Pisagua 1: 2210:History of La Libertad Region 2158:Abel-Nicolas du Petit-Thouars 1202:static-prod.lib.princeton.edu 1155: 1059:2nd Infantry Battalion Zepita 1040:11th Infantry Battalion Tarma 1029:4th Infantry Battalion Pucara 1026:1st Division (Col. Aragones) 947: 917: 784: 1916:Pedro José Domingo de Guerra 1093:8th Infantry Battalion Apata 1081:9th Infantry Battalion Jauja 1078:3rd Infantry Battalion Junin 1037:2nd Division (Col. Salazar) 990: 855:The defeats suffered by the 7: 2062:Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez 1429:Peruvian Saltpeter Monopoly 10: 2246: 2102:Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas 1947:José Luis Araneda Carrasco 1622:Chilean occupation of Peru 1607:Chorrillos order of battle 859:at Marcavalle, Pucará and 545:Chilean occupation of Peru 2150: 1929: 1883: 1860:Francisco García Calderón 1787: 1780: 1745: 1719: 1712: 1677: 1661: 1640: 1594: 1553: 1442: 1406: 1399: 1379: 1358: 1351: 244: 184: 169: 119: 86: 45: 34: 26: 21: 2042:Eleuterio Ramírez Molina 1586:Order of Battle at Tacna 1561:Tacna and Arica campaign 1299:Scheina, Robert (2003). 429:Tacna and Arica campaign 2195:Battles involving Chile 2097:Juan Williams Rebolledo 2037:Pedro Julio Quintavalla 1972:Marcos Segundo Maturana 1865:Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez 1758:Puna de Atacama dispute 1648:Battle of La Concepción 1545:Battle of San Francisco 1303:. Dulles, VA: Brasseys. 1292:Markham, C. R. (1892). 527:San Juan and Chorrillos 2200:Battles involving Peru 2092:José Velásquez Bórquez 1830:Lizardo Montero Flores 1805:Andrés Avelino Cáceres 1496:Battle of Punta Gruesa 1414:Atacama border dispute 1306:Thurner, Mark (1997). 1151:Additional information 977:Chilean counter-attack 769: 761:Andrés Avelino Cáceres 120:Commanders and leaders 1987:Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1810:Mariano Ignacio Prado 1795:Miguel Grau Seminario 1700:Treaty of Lima (1929) 1576:Battle of Los Ángeles 1571:Bombardment of Callao 691:Crossing of the Andes 185:Casualties and losses 2072:Robert Souper Howard 2067:Roberto Silva Renard 2007:Alejandro Gorostiaga 1982:Estanislao del Canto 1690:Treaty of Valparaíso 1669:Battle of Huamachuco 1612:Battle of Miraflores 903:Alejandro Gorostiaga 817:improve this section 770:Ejército de la Breña 757:Alejandro Gorostiaga 749:Battle of Huamachuco 133:Alejandro Gorostiaga 22:Battle of Huamachuco 2137:Diego Dublé Almeyda 2127:Ramón Allende Padín 2112:Domingo Santa María 2107:Jorge Montt Álvarez 1977:Manuel Bulnes Pinto 1850:Juan Guillermo More 1800:Francisco Bolognesi 1474:Blockade of Iquique 1086:4th Division (Cpt. 572:Letelier Expedition 2122:Alberto Blest Gana 1997:Luis Cruz Martínez 1952:Luis Gómez Carreño 1942:Juan de Dios Aldea 1870:Luis Germán Astete 1825:Nicolás de Piérola 1820:Mariano Bustamante 1617:Occupation of Lima 1540:Battle of Tarapacá 1345:War of the Pacific 1296:. 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1027: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1014:Peruvian Army 1005: 1003: 999: 998:Leoncio Prado 988: 985: 974: 972: 971:Sofanor Parra 966: 962: 960: 954: 945: 943: 939: 935: 934: 923: 915: 911: 909: 904: 898: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 847: 844: 836: 826: 822: 818: 812: 811: 807: 802:This section 800: 796: 791: 790: 782: 780: 779:Leoncio Prado 776: 771: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 733: 732:Titicaca Lake 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 722: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 702: 701: 700: 699: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 563: 562: 561: 556: 555: 554: 548: 547: 546: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 494: 493: 492: 491: 490:Lima campaign 486: 485: 484: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 433: 432: 431: 430: 423: 420: 418: 417:San Francisco 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 404: 403: 402: 401: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373: 372: 367: 366: 363: 360: 359: 354: 351: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 334: 332: 331: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 309: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 292: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 256: 255: 252: 249: 248: 243: 238: 228: 223: 221: 216: 214: 209: 208: 205: 194: 189: 188: 183: 177: 174: 173: 168: 165: 163: 157: 152: 146: 141: 136: 134: 129: 124: 123: 118: 115: 104: 102: 91: 90: 85: 77: 74: 73: 69: 65: 60: 57: 56: 52: 49: 48: 44: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 2225:1883 in Peru 2182: 2117:Aníbal Pinto 1845:Juan Fanning 1840:Juan Buendía 1668: 1519:Land Battles 1352:Participants 1307: 1300: 1293: 1284: 1278:Bibliography 1266: 1257: 1248: 1237:. Retrieved 1225: 1216: 1205:. Retrieved 1201: 1192: 1180: 1120:Chilean Army 1118: 1117: 1012: 1011: 994: 983: 980: 967: 963: 955: 951: 931: 929: 921: 912: 899: 888: 877: 857:Chilean Army 854: 839: 830: 815:Please help 803: 748: 746: 720: 719: 704: 696: 695: 646:Llocllapampa 617: 616: 567:San Jerónimo 558: 557: 551: 550: 543: 542: 488: 487: 481: 480: 427: 426: 398: 397: 369: 368: 341:Naval Battle 329: 319:Punta Arenas 307: 290: 285:Punta Gruesa 197:300 captured 161: 87:Belligerents 53:10 July 1883 27:Part of the 2132:Juana López 2032:Arturo Prat 2017:Pedro Lagos 1407:preliminary 686:Huamantanga 681:2nd Purhuay 602:Cieneguilla 587:1st Purhuay 502:Yerba Buena 451:Los Ángeles 302:3rd Iquique 280:2nd Iquique 260:1st Iquique 2189:Categories 2082:Luis Uribe 1957:Juan Bravo 1507:Amphibious 1289:August 14. 1239:2024-08-19 1207:2024-08-19 1156:References 984:montoneras 948:Engagement 933:montoneras 918:The battle 895:Llankanuku 861:Concepcion 785:Background 765:Huamachuco 715:2nd Pachía 705:Huamachuco 676:Tarmatambo 666:Concepción 661:2nd Pucará 641:Huaripampa 636:Sierralumi 626:1st Pucará 597:1st Pachía 532:Miraflores 517:El Manzano 461:Buenavista 383:Río Grande 353:2nd Callao 275:1st Callao 195:800 killed 192:96 wounded 64:Huamachuco 1781:Personnel 1746:Aftermath 1234:0362-4331 991:Aftermath 908:Cajamarca 804:does not 710:Izcuchaca 671:San Pablo 631:Acuchimay 612:Guadalupe 592:Calientes 388:Quillagua 330:Pilcomayo 190:68 killed 1449:Refugees 1400:Timeline 1101:Cavalry 938:bayonets 869:Huancayo 727:Arequipa 656:La Oroya 582:Verrugas 446:Mollendo 441:Moquegua 422:Tarapacá 393:Tambillo 170:Strength 58:Location 1884:Bolivia 1720:General 1713:Aspects 1371:Bolivia 865:Mantaro 825:removed 810:sources 651:Chupaca 577:Sángrar 456:Locumba 407:Pisagua 346:Rupture 324:Angamos 291:Huáscar 270:Pisagua 265:Chipana 162:† 2151:Others 1678:Ending 1359:Allied 1232:  607:Motupe 507:Bujama 497:Chilca 476:Tarata 378:Calama 158:  111:  98:  75:Result 1930:Chile 1387:Chile 1380:Chile 884:Jauja 873:Tarma 512:Humay 471:Arica 466:Tacna 336:Arica 308:Rímac 101:Chile 62:Near 1788:Peru 1662:1883 1641:1882 1595:1881 1554:1880 1443:1879 1366:Peru 1230:ISSN 942:Inca 808:any 806:cite 747:The 698:1883 619:1882 560:1881 537:Lima 114:Peru 68:Peru 50:Date 819:by 2191:: 1224:. 1200:. 1164:^ 1090:) 66:, 1337:e 1330:t 1323:v 1242:. 1210:. 846:) 840:( 835:) 831:( 827:. 813:. 226:e 219:t 212:v

Index

War of the Pacific

Huamachuco
Peru
Chile
Peru
Chile
Alejandro Gorostiaga
Peru
Andrés A. Cáceres
Peru
Pedro Silva Gil

v
t
e
War of the Pacific
Naval campaign
1st Iquique
Chipana
Pisagua
1st Callao
2nd Iquique
Punta Gruesa
Huáscar
1st Antofagasta
3rd Iquique
Rímac
2nd Antofagasta
Punta Arenas

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