150:
118:
1102:
34:
138:
105:
1048:
1089:
946:, tired because of the prolonged pursuit, lost his temper and patience, deciding to take a riskier approach and ram the Chilean ship. Constantly sounding the depth, he attempted to do so twice, only to have to call off the attack when approaching the shallows. Close to
1058:
1243:
874:
was moving separated from the
Huascar, realizing their plan was to close both Chilean ships in the port and attack from the distance, so he ordered to run south to keep both Peruvian forces divided. The
688:
550:
609:
722:
671:
361:
577:
1024:
The naval battle of Punta Gruesa was a
Peruvian defeat. One of the most powerful warships in the Peruvian Navy was lost, while Chile only lost one of its oldest wooden warships.
681:
592:
492:
265:
426:
705:
651:
572:
587:
717:
636:
436:
215:
676:
1308:
On May 21, 1879, the
Covadonga, had a power of 140 HP engine, that allowed a walk of 4 knots, because only two of his 3 boilers operated (Data from Chile Navy)
666:
631:
626:
309:
1293:
700:
661:
621:
602:
582:
562:
646:
1700:
1530:
641:
487:
326:
597:
497:
466:
431:
1507:
1492:
502:
2283:
1497:
879:
headed south while the
Esmeralda kept the defense at the port, as it had engine problems making her difficult to maneuver. The battle had begun:
985:
resisted to surrender. When they finally raised the white flag, Condell's men were preparing the boats to take prisoners, but then they saw the
947:
918:
had a deeper draft than his schooner, the reason why he decided to run south very close to the coast, risking to run his ship aground. With
1409:
208:
1220:
1317:
Combate naval de
Iquique, boletines y nacionales y extranjeros de 1879. Guerra del Pacífico. Pascual Ahumada Moreno. Valparaíso. 1886
1320:
1540:
241:
1800:
1596:
352:
201:
2273:
2231:
1836:
1289:
The covadonga had two cannons of 70 pounds, after May 21, 1879 were installed two cannons of 9 pounds, 3 cannons of 40 pounds.
2298:
2278:
1826:
1768:
895:
south. Many sources (Peruvian mostly) say
Condell attempted to escape the Iquique battle, but that can't be the case as the
1810:
1082:
1013:
and salvage her guns; the crew (those aboard and some who had escaped to the beach) were rescued and the ship set on fire.
962:, attempting to ram for a third time, struck the obstacle and immediately took on water while listing to starboard. The
2268:
1675:
1365:
1347:
517:
319:
1402:
1290:
336:
1095:
1989:
1231:
297:
1933:
2165:
2135:
1680:
838:
512:
2175:
2020:
770:, since the Chileans understood the strategic importance of sea domination. This was in order to enable the
800:
304:
1878:
1502:
1395:
287:
2115:
1695:
535:
1938:
1721:
656:
2030:
939:
616:
557:
2303:
2288:
2200:
1659:
1634:
1006:
419:
402:
292:
1649:
997:
and decided to pursue the enemy after seeing she was immobilized, but this cost precious time and
441:
2170:
2110:
2045:
2025:
1898:
1831:
1618:
407:
1763:
373:
2293:
1903:
1487:
260:
2210:
2205:
2185:
2236:
2060:
1883:
1868:
1773:
1644:
843:
331:
2070:
1943:
1613:
412:
2145:
2140:
2080:
2055:
1742:
1685:
825:
785:
During May 1879, the main ships of the
Chilean Navy were sent towards the Peruvian port of
695:
522:
507:
451:
2130:
2095:
1841:
1608:
1603:
1318:
567:
390:
368:
8:
2050:
1923:
1873:
1547:
1122:
847:
378:
250:
154:
1908:
1726:
280:
2195:
2015:
1893:
1690:
1418:
1109:
1016:
The
Peruvians lost 5 crew with 5 wounded; 3 Chilean crewmen were killed and 5 wounded.
824:
ships of the
Peruvian Navy steamed south from Callao, undetected. These ships were the
743:
527:
383:
343:
225:
44:
25:
1758:
1586:
1574:
1564:
1559:
1382:
1377:
1361:
1343:
771:
766:
During the first year of the war, Chilean war efforts were focused on destroying the
755:
446:
397:
314:
270:
255:
2150:
942:
was hailed after the battle for taking down numerous
Peruvians. Captain More of the
829:
543:
2160:
2040:
2035:
1984:
1969:
1948:
1705:
794:
473:
2085:
1979:
2241:
2120:
1974:
1928:
1654:
1639:
1324:
1297:
1158:
1101:
461:
456:
2190:
1913:
1340:
The Ten Cents War: Chile, Peru, and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific, 1879-1884
33:
2125:
2100:
2065:
1964:
1888:
1805:
810:
142:
2262:
2215:
2075:
2010:
1994:
1164:
767:
480:
1918:
1251:
778:
to conquer Bolivian and Peruvian territories with troop landings and port
2180:
2105:
2090:
1274:
Historia de la Artillería y de la Marina de Guerra en la contienda del 79
1176:
977:, but the magazine was already flooded and it could not be blown up. The
806:
2155:
834:
1387:
974:
193:
989:
coming from the north, so they decided to run south to Antofagasta.
931:
821:
790:
779:
1444:
1047:
935:
862:
spotted two ships coming from the north. These were the Peruvian
814:
758:, although it is described in many sources as a separate battle.
68:
1769:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1904 between Chile and Bolivia
1088:
930:
accurate sniper fire prolonged the chase for over three hours.
820:
However, as the Chilean Navy steamed north towards Callao, two
789:
in order to destroy its navy, while two old, wooden ships, the
786:
742:
was a naval action that took place on May 21, 1879, during the
1001:
steamed south as fast as possible. Captain Grau realized that
1460:
747:
137:
110:
76:
1278:
Calculo que realiza el autor en base al coeficiente de block
1439:
973:
As Captain More realized his ship was lost, he ordered her
955:
775:
751:
149:
123:
72:
970:
s crew returned fire and tried to float her off the reef.
1057:
813:
respectively, were left blockading the Peruvian port of
1009:
before dusk, gave up the chase, and returned to assist
1244:"Combate Naval de Punta Gruesa - 21 de mayo de 1879"
1701:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
1531:
Expulsion of Chileans from Bolivia and Peru in 1879
1271:
1170:1 x 250 lb, 3 x 150 lb, 12 x 70 lb, 2 machine guns
1508:Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia
1493:Boundary Treaty of 1866 between Chile and Bolivia
754:. This may be labelled as the second part of the
2260:
858:On the morning of May 21, 1879, the lookout of
1403:
209:
1276:. Lima: Industrialgráfica S.A. p. 220.
1498:Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru)
922:in pursuit, both ships exchanged fire. The
1410:
1396:
1352:
966:then turned around and opened fire, while
216:
202:
1216:
1214:
1541:Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific
1056:
1046:
2284:Naval battles of the War of the Pacific
1801:Torpedo boats in the War of the Pacific
1597:Land campaign of the War of the Pacific
1334:
2261:
1837:Consequences of the War of the Pacific
1417:
1311:
1211:
914:realized that the quicker but heavier
223:
1391:
197:
1811:Strategies of the War of the Pacific
1232:War report Guillermo More (Spanish)
1221:War report Carlos Condell (Spanish)
13:
1356:Sondhaus, Lawrence (May 4, 2004).
1005:could not catch up on the 10 mile
40:The stranding of the Independencia
14:
2315:
1827:Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute
1676:Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos
1338:Farcau, Bruce W. (Sep 30, 2000).
1100:
1087:
981:kept firing, as the crew of the
926:lack of trained gunners and the
148:
136:
116:
103:
32:
362:Loa Line and Altiplano campaign
1358:Navies in Modern World History
1302:
1283:
1265:
1236:
1225:
910:Captain Carlos Condell of the
1:
2274:Naval battles involving Chile
2232:Abel-Nicolas du Petit-Thouars
1204:
1027:
954:scraped and barely cleared a
903:, making it unlikely for the
2279:Naval battles involving Peru
1990:Pedro José Domingo de Guerra
1272:Grieve Madge, Jorge (1983).
1019:
853:
38:Naval Combat of Punta Gruesa
7:
2136:Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez
1503:Peruvian Saltpeter Monopoly
1371:
1073:
907:to escape to Antofagasta.
10:
2320:
2299:History of Tarapacá Region
2176:Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas
2021:José Luis Araneda Carrasco
1696:Chilean occupation of Peru
1681:Chorrillos order of battle
1078:Technical characteristics
899:had half the speed of the
761:
536:Chilean occupation of Peru
2224:
2003:
1957:
1934:Francisco García Calderón
1861:
1854:
1819:
1793:
1786:
1751:
1735:
1714:
1668:
1627:
1516:
1480:
1473:
1453:
1432:
1425:
1093:
1080:
1077:
1069:
1051:Carlos Condell de la Haza
235:
173:
160:
129:
96:
50:
31:
23:
18:
2269:History of South America
2116:Eleuterio Ramírez Molina
1660:Order of Battle at Tacna
1635:Tacna and Arica campaign
420:Tacna and Arica campaign
2171:Juan Williams Rebolledo
2111:Pedro Julio Quintavalla
2046:Marcos Segundo Maturana
1939:Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez
1832:Puna de Atacama dispute
1722:Battle of La Concepción
1619:Battle of San Francisco
1041:Ironclad Independencia
842:, commanded by Captain
756:Naval Battle of Iquique
518:San Juan and Chorrillos
2166:José Velásquez Bórquez
1904:Lizardo Montero Flores
1879:Andrés Avelino Cáceres
1570:Battle of Punta Gruesa
1488:Atacama border dispute
1062:
1052:
870:. Condell noticed the
782:without interference.
740:Battle of Punta Gruesa
130:Commanders and leaders
19:Battle of Punta Gruesa
2061:Ignacio Carrera Pinto
1884:Mariano Ignacio Prado
1869:Miguel Grau Seminario
1774:Treaty of Lima (1929)
1650:Battle of Los Ángeles
1645:Bombardment of Callao
1060:
1050:
993:commander checked on
805:commanded by Captain
682:Crossing of the Andes
174:Casualties and losses
2146:Robert Souper Howard
2141:Roberto Silva Renard
2081:Alejandro Gorostiaga
2056:Estanislao del Canto
1764:Treaty of Valparaíso
1743:Battle of Huamachuco
1686:Battle of Miraflores
2211:Diego Dublé Almeyda
2201:Ramón Allende Padín
2186:Domingo Santa María
2181:Jorge Montt Álvarez
2051:Manuel Bulnes Pinto
1924:Juan Guillermo More
1874:Francisco Bolognesi
1548:Blockade of Iquique
1061:Juan Guillermo More
1034:
848:Juan Guillermo More
563:Letelier Expedition
155:Juan Guillermo More
2196:Alberto Blest Gana
2071:Luis Cruz Martínez
2026:Luis Gómez Carreño
2016:Juan de Dios Aldea
1944:Luis Germán Astete
1899:Nicolás de Piérola
1894:Mariano Bustamante
1691:Occupation of Lima
1614:Battle of Tarapacá
1419:War of the Pacific
1323:2005-02-13 at the
1296:2012-03-05 at the
1063:
1053:
1038:Schooner Covadonga
1032:
950:, a shallow cove,
801:schooner Covadonga
744:War of the Pacific
712:Arequipa-Puno Line
227:War of the Pacific
45:Thomas Somerscales
26:War of the Pacific
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2131:Óscar Viel y Toro
2096:Juan José Latorre
1850:
1849:
1842:Charaña agreement
1782:
1781:
1609:Tarapacá campaign
1604:Battle of Topater
1587:Battle of Pisagua
1575:Battle of Angamos
1565:Battle of Iquique
1560:Battle of Chipana
1469:
1468:
1383:Battle of Angamos
1378:Battle of Iquique
1201:
1200:
1067:
1066:
735:
734:
730:
729:
391:Tarapacá campaign
192:
191:
92:
91:
2311:
2237:Roque Sáenz Peña
2161:Gregorio Urrutia
2041:Orozimbo Barbosa
2036:Manuel Baquedano
1985:Mariano Baptista
1970:Ladislao Cabrera
1949:Emilio Cavenecia
1909:Melitón Carvajal
1859:
1858:
1791:
1790:
1727:Battle of Pucará
1706:Battle of Sangra
1478:
1477:
1430:
1429:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1355:
1337:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1131:3,300 - 3,750 t
1104:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1035:
1031:
835:armoured frigate
513:Rinconada de Ate
474:Lynch Expedition
238:
237:
230:
228:
218:
211:
204:
195:
194:
153:
152:
141:
140:
122:
120:
119:
109:
107:
106:
52:
51:
36:
16:
15:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2304:May 1879 events
2289:Battles in 1879
2259:
2258:
2255:
2246:
2242:Otto von Moltke
2220:
2121:Enrique Simpson
1999:
1975:Narciso Campero
1953:
1929:Miguel Iglesias
1846:
1815:
1778:
1759:Treaty of Ancón
1747:
1731:
1710:
1664:
1655:Battle of Tacna
1640:Battle of Arica
1623:
1537:Naval Maneuvers
1512:
1465:
1449:
1421:
1416:
1374:
1331:
1330:
1325:Wayback Machine
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:Wayback Machine
1291:Armada de Chile
1288:
1284:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1183:
1167:
1159:Naval artillery
1072:
1030:
1022:
924:Independencia's
856:
764:
736:
731:
540:
532:
427:Ilo and Pacocha
305:2nd Antofagasta
288:1st Antofagasta
231:
226:
224:
222:
188:1 ironclad lost
187:
185:
180:
147:
135:
117:
115:
104:
102:
88:Chilean victory
80:
43:
41:
39:
37:
12:
11:
5:
2317:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Hernán Trizano
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Policarpo Toro
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2101:Patricio Lynch
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Carlos Condell
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Eduardo Abaroa
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Alfonso Ugarte
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1806:Toro Submarino
1803:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1350:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1301:
1282:
1264:
1250:(in Spanish).
1235:
1224:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1092:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1018:
968:Independencia'
855:
852:
811:Carlos Condell
763:
760:
733:
732:
728:
727:
726:
725:
720:
709:
708:
703:
698:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
544:Breña campaign
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
470:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
416:
415:
410:
405:
403:Pampa Germania
400:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
356:
355:
353:Land campaigns
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
340:
339:
334:
324:
317:
312:
307:
302:
295:
290:
285:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
245:
244:
242:Naval campaign
236:
233:
232:
221:
220:
213:
206:
198:
190:
189:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
145:
143:Carlos Condell
132:
131:
127:
126:
113:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2316:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:1879 in Chile
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2216:Sofanor Parra
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
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2019:
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2011:Irene Morales
2009:
2008:
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1996:
1995:Ismael Montes
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
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1980:Hilarión Daza
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1554:Naval Battles
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1366:1-86189-202-0
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1348:0-275-96925-8
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1097:Independencia
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1008:
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901:Independencia
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889:Independencia
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768:Peruvian Navy
759:
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723:Titicaca Lake
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481:Lima campaign
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75:(present day
74:
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42:oil on canvas
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
2256:
2191:Aníbal Pinto
1919:Juan Fanning
1914:Juan Buendía
1593:Land Battles
1569:
1426:Participants
1357:
1353:
1339:
1335:
1313:
1304:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1254:. 2015-04-01
1252:Chilean Navy
1247:
1238:
1227:
1123:Displacement
1110:Commissioned
1096:
1083:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
972:
967:
963:
959:
951:
948:Punta Gruesa
943:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
857:
846:and Captain
837:
828:
819:
809:and Captain
799:
793:
784:
774:to help the
772:Chilean Navy
765:
739:
737:
711:
710:
687:
686:
637:Llocllapampa
608:
607:
558:San Jerónimo
549:
548:
542:
541:
534:
533:
479:
478:
472:
471:
418:
417:
389:
388:
360:
359:
332:Naval Battle
320:
310:Punta Arenas
298:
281:
276:Punta Gruesa
275:
97:Belligerents
58:May 21, 1879
24:Part of the
2206:Juana López
2106:Arturo Prat
2091:Pedro Lagos
1481:preliminary
1033:Commanders
928:Covadonga's
844:Miguel Grau
807:Arturo Prat
677:Huamantanga
672:2nd Purhuay
593:Cieneguilla
578:1st Purhuay
493:Yerba Buena
442:Los Ángeles
293:3rd Iquique
271:2nd Iquique
251:1st Iquique
2263:Categories
2156:Luis Uribe
2031:Juan Bravo
1581:Amphibious
1258:2019-07-04
1205:References
1147:Armor (mm)
1028:Commanders
1007:head start
940:Juan Bravo
706:2nd Pachía
696:Huamachuco
667:Tarmatambo
657:Concepción
652:2nd Pucará
632:Huaripampa
627:Sierralumi
617:1st Pucará
588:1st Pachía
523:Miraflores
508:El Manzano
452:Buenavista
374:Río Grande
344:2nd Callao
266:1st Callao
169:1 ironclad
166:1 schooner
1855:Personnel
1820:Aftermath
1248:armada.cl
1153:114.3 mm
1094:Ironclad
1084:Covadonga
1081:Schooner
1020:Aftermath
999:Covadonga
991:Huáscar's
979:Covadonga
964:Covadonga
952:Covadonga
912:Covadonga
905:Covadonga
897:Covadonga
893:Covadonga
885:Esmeralda
877:Covadonga
860:Esmeralda
795:Esmeralda
780:blockades
701:Izcuchaca
662:San Pablo
622:Acuchimay
603:Guadalupe
583:Calientes
379:Quillagua
321:Pilcomayo
186:5 wounded
181:5 wounded
1523:Refugees
1474:Timeline
1372:See also
1321:Archived
1294:Archived
1197:375 men
975:scuttled
891:pursued
883:engaged
833:and the
822:ironclad
798:and the
791:corvette
746:between
718:Arequipa
647:La Oroya
573:Verrugas
437:Mollendo
432:Moquegua
413:Tarapacá
384:Tambillo
161:Strength
63:Location
1958:Bolivia
1794:General
1787:Aspects
1445:Bolivia
1194:130 men
1175:Speed (
1163:2 x 70
1142:6,62 m
1136:Draught
1003:Huáscar
987:Huáscar
938:sniper
936:Mapuche
932:Chilean
881:Huáscar
868:Huáscar
854:History
830:Huáscar
826:monitor
815:Iquique
762:History
642:Chupaca
568:Sángrar
447:Locumba
398:Pisagua
337:Rupture
315:Angamos
282:Huáscar
261:Pisagua
256:Chipana
179:3 dead
69:Iquique
2225:Others
1752:Ending
1433:Allied
1364:
1346:
1186:11 kn
1139:3,35 m
1070:Forces
958:. The
787:Callao
598:Motupe
498:Bujama
488:Chilca
467:Tarata
369:Calama
184:5 dead
121:
108:
85:Result
2004:Chile
1461:Chile
1454:Chile
1128:412 t
1117:1866
748:Chile
503:Humay
462:Arica
457:Tacna
327:Arica
299:Rímac
111:Chile
77:Chile
67:near
1862:Peru
1736:1883
1715:1882
1669:1881
1628:1880
1517:1879
1440:Peru
1362:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1191:Crew
1182:4 kn
1177:Knot
1150:None
1114:1859
956:reef
887:and
866:and
776:army
752:Peru
750:and
738:The
689:1883
610:1882
551:1881
528:Lima
124:Peru
73:Peru
55:Date
1125:(t)
2265::
1360:,
1342:,
1246:.
1213:^
1165:lb
850:.
817:.
71:,
1411:e
1404:t
1397:v
1261:.
1179:)
934:-
803:,
217:e
210:t
203:v
79:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
