Battle of Franklin

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Pickett's charge was made after a volcanic artillery preparation of two hours had battered the defending line. Hood's army charged without any preparation. Pickett's charge was across an open space of perhaps a mile. The advance at Franklin was for two miles in the open, in full view of the enemy's works, and exposed to their fire. The defenders at Gettysburg were protected only by a stone wall. Schofield's men at Franklin had carefully constructed works, with trench and parapet. Pickett's charge was totally repulsed. The charge of Brown and Cleburne penetrated deep into the breastworks, to part of which they clung until the enemy retired. Pickett, once repelled, retired from the field. The Army of Tennessee renewed their charge, time after time. Pickett survived his charge unscathed. Cleburne was killed, and eleven other general officers were killed, wounded or captured. "Pickett's charge at Gettysburg" has come to be a synonym for unflinching courage in the raw. The slaughter-pen at Franklin even more deserves the gory honor.

803:, John Q. Lane, and Joseph Conrad (who had replaced Luther Bradley, wounded at Spring Hill) to stop halfway to the Union line and dig in as best they could on the flat ground. Stanley had earlier ordered Wagner to hold Winstead Hill with two brigades and relieve Opdycke (who had been the tail end of the rear guard) until dark unless he was pressed, and it is possible that Wagner somehow translated these orders into the notion that he was supposed to hold a line south of the main position with all his division. Opdycke considered Wagner's order to be ridiculous and had already been directed by Stanley to retire within the works; he marched his brigade through the Union line and into a reserve position behind the gap through which the Columbia Pike passed. At 12:00, when the other U.S. forces had finished their fortifications, these two brigades had not even started digging in. Conrad's and Lane's brigades had few entrenching tools and used mainly bayonets, cups, and their hands. 879:

time-consuming and the open terrain of the area would reveal his movements prematurely, causing Schofield to simply withdraw again. The Confederates began moving forward at 16:00, with Cheatham's corps on the left of the assault and Stewart's on the right. Bate's division, on the left, was delayed in reaching its starting point as it marched around Winstead Hill, a movement that delayed the start of the entire army. Hood divided Forrest's cavalry—Chalmer's division on the far left, beyond Bate, and Buford and Jackson with Forrest, covering Stewart and facing the fords on the Harpeth. Lee's corps, and almost all of the army's artillery, had not yet arrived from Columbia. Hood's attacking force, about 19–20,000 men, was arguably understrength for the mission he assigned—traversing two miles (3 km) of open ground with only two batteries of artillery support and then assaulting prepared fortifications.

767:) entered the outskirts of the town, left open to allow passage of the wagons. About 200 feet (61 m) behind this gap, a 150-yard "retrenchment" line was constructed of dirt and rails, which was intended to be a barrier to traffic, not a full-fledged defensive earthwork. (The gap was also defended by the guns of Battery A, 1st Kentucky Artillery. The men of the 44th Missouri also extended the retrenchment line to the west along their front with hastily dug trenches.) The actual earthworks in the southern portion of the line were formidable. Attacking infantry would be confronted by a ditch about four feet wide and two to three feet deep, then a wall of earth and wooden fence rails four feet above normal ground level, and finally a trench three to four feet deep in which the defenders stood, aiming their weapons through narrow "head gaps" formed by logs. In the southeast portion of the line, 541: 176: 6011: 219: 759:

in Nashville had not arrived. Schofield needed time to repair the permanent bridges spanning the river—a burned wagon bridge and an intact railroad bridge. He ordered his engineers to rebuild the wagon bridge and to lay planking over the undamaged railroad bridge to enable it to carry wagons and troops. His supply train parked in the side streets to keep the main pike open, while wagons continued to cross the river, first via a ford next to the burned-out pike bridge, and later in the afternoon by the two makeshift bridges. By the beginning of the assault, nearly all the supply wagons were across the Harpeth and on the road to Nashville.

1461:, to assist Cheatham's effort. They moved north on the west side of the Columbia Turnpike and passed around Privet Knob, Cheatham's headquarters, but were unfamiliar with the terrain in the dark and Cheatham told Lee he had no staff officer left who could guide them. Both Bate and Cheatham warned Lee not to fire indiscriminately against the Federal works because Confederates were pinned down there on the outside. Johnson's men lost their unit alignments in the dark and had significant difficulties attacking the works just to the west of the Carter House. They were repulsed after a single assault with heavy losses. 5970: 207: 196: 158: 61: 1342:

road, and they were confronted by masses of fleeing Union soldiers, pursued by Confederates. Opdycke ordered his brigade forward to the works. At the same time, his corps commander, David Stanley, arrived on the scene. He later wrote, "I saw Opdycke near the center of his line urging his men forward. I gave the Colonel no orders as I saw him engaged in doing the very thing to save us, to get possession of our line again." As he rode forward, Stanley had his horse shot out from under him and a bullet passed through the back of his neck, putting him temporarily out of action.

1839: 824: 4888: 1449:'s division had a long distance to march to reach its assigned objective on the Union right and when he gave the final order to attack it was almost dark. First contact with the enemy came around the Everbright Mansion, the home of Rebecca Bostick, and the Confederates pushed aside Union sharpshooters and swept past the house. However, Bate's left flank was not being protected as he expected by Chalmers's cavalry division, and they received enfilade fire. To protect the flank, Bate ordered the Florida Brigade, temporarily commanded by COL 1744: 1519:

and that Hood was weakened and should be counter-attacked. Schofield had received orders from Thomas to evacuate earlier that day—before Hood's attack began—and he was happy to take advantage of them despite the changed circumstances. Although there was a period in which the Union army was vulnerable, outside its works and straddling the river, Hood did not attempt to take advantage of it during the night. The Union army began entering the breastworks at Nashville at noon on December 1, with Hood's damaged army in pursuit.

959: 1489:'s brigade to move against Forrest's flank and held COL Thomas J. Harrison's brigade in reserve. The dismounted cavalrymen of Hatch's division charged the Confederate cavalrymen, also dismounted, and drove them back across the river. Some of Croxton's men were armed with seven-shot Spencer carbines, which had a devastating effect on the Confederate line. Wilson was proud of his men's accomplishment because this was the first time that Forrest had been defeated by a smaller force in a standup fight during the war. 1453:, to move from its reserve position to his left flank. This not only delayed the advance, but provided only a single line to attack the Union fortifications, leaving no reserve. Chalmers's troopers had actually engaged the Federal right by this time (the brigades of COL Isaac M. Kirby and BGEN Walter C. Whitaker of Kimball's division), fighting dismounted, but Bate was unaware of it because the two forces were separated by rolling ground and orchards. Neither Bate nor Chalmers made any progress and they withdrew. 927: 549: 525: 533: 1144: 4925: 1096: 1080: 1898:"It is necessary to keep this phase of the situation very clearly in mind ; for Schofield's critics have made the delibcratencss of his retreat a favorite point for attack ; overlooking the pressure upon him to make it still more so, and the indisputable fact that, had he hastened his movement by a single day, Thomas's concentration would have been balked by Hood's intercepting the railway trains that were bringing Steedman's two divisions from Chattanooga to Nashville." 1790:

located during the battle was purchased in 2005. In 2008 the property behind this location and where the Federal line crossed Columbia Ave. was purchased and in May 2010 the property east of the Gin location and where part of the Gin may have stood was also purchased. All these locations have houses on them that will be either sold and moved or torn down. Preservation organizations plan to reconstruct both the Carter Cotton Gin and some of the Federal entrenchments.

1767:, home to the McGavock family during the battle, also still stands and is likewise open to the public. The Carnton Plantation home was one of 44 Franklin homes serving as a hospital, often with 30 wounded in each small room of the house. Confederate soldiers of Stewart's Corps swept past Carnton toward the left wing of the Union army and the house and outbuildings were converted into the largest field hospital present after the battle. Adjacent to Carnton is the 8681: 5448: 4899: 1294: 1274: 943: 8691: 911: 1641: 1752: 1404:

together into a compressed front, delaying their movements and reducing their unit cohesion. Walthall's division was pressured so much from the right that it temporarily fell in front of Cleburne's advance. They were all subjected to fierce artillery fire not only from the main Union line, but also from the batteries across the river at Fort Granger. They also had significant difficulty pushing through the strong

5458: 1306:, while some untried replacements were reluctant to move under fire and were captured. Nearly 700 of Wagner's men were taken prisoner. The fleeing troops were closely pursued by the Confederates, and a cry was repeated along the line, "Go into the works with them." The pursued and pursuers were so intermingled that defenders in the breastworks had to hold their fire to avoid hitting their comrades. 1357:) had stood their ground and served as a rally line for survivors of Strickland's and Wagner's divisions. Together they sealed the breach. Hand-to-hand fighting around the Carter House and the pike was furious and desperate, employing such weapons as bayonets, rifle butts, entrenching tools, axes, and picks. When they ran out of cannonballs, they began to use pine cones from the surrounding trees. 4190: 1582:, was captured. Also among the dead was Tod Carter, the middle child of the Carter family. Having enlisted in the Confederate army three years earlier, Carter had returned to his hometown for the first time since then, only to be wounded in battle just a few hundred yards away from his own house. He was found by his family after the battle, and died early in the next day. 1128: 736:

luck, both the Union infantry and supply train managed to pass Spring Hill unscathed by dawn on November 29, and soon occupied the town of Franklin 12 miles (19 km) to the north. That morning, Hood was surprised and furious to discover Schofield's unexpected escape. Hood ordered his army to resume its pursuit north to Franklin.

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an hour." Frank Cheatham told Hood, "I do not like the looks of this fight; the enemy has an excellent position and is well fortified." But Hood countered that he would rather fight a Federal force that had had only a few hours to build defenses, instead of Nashville where "they have been strengthening themselves for three years."

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of the enemy’s line was captured.” Joseph Boyce of the 1st Missouri Infantry acknowledged that many men considered Franklin a victory for the Confederate army since it held the battlefield at the end of the fighting. However, Boyce, who was wounded at Franklin, also noted “two such victories will wipe out any army.”

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unsuccessful result came with a frightful cost. The Union commanding general claimed that the Confederates suffered 6,252 casualties, including 1,750 killed and 3,800 wounded, but this is not corroborated by Confederate reports. An estimated 2,000 others suffered less serious wounds and returned to duty before the

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Starting in 2005, the area around the intersection of Columbia Ave. and Cleburne St. has seen a serious renewed effort to reclaim that area to be the heart of a future battlefield park. The location of the former Pizza Hut is now the home to Cleburne Park. The property where the Carter Cotton Gin was

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Following the failure of Johnson's assault, Hood decided to end offensive actions for the evening and began to plan for a resumed series of attacks in the morning. Schofield ordered his infantry to cross the river, starting at 23:00, despite objections from Cox that withdrawal was no longer necessary

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While fighting raged at the center of the Union line, the Confederates of Stewart's corps also advanced against the Union left. Because the Harpeth River flowed in that area from southeast to northwest, the brigade found itself moving through a space getting progressively narrower, squeezing brigades

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and at Nashville. With a series of fast marches that covered 70 miles (110 km) in three days, Hood tried to maneuver between the two armies to destroy each in detail. But Union general Schofield, commanding Stanley's IV Corps as well as his own XXIII Corps, reacted correctly with a rapid retreat

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Union losses were reported as only 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, and 1,104 missing. It is possible that the number of casualties was under-reported by Schofield because of the confusion during his army's hasty nighttime evacuation of Franklin. The Union wounded were left behind in Franklin. Many of the

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The damaged Confederate force was left in control of Franklin, but its enemy had escaped again. Although he had briefly come close to breaking through in the vicinity of the Columbia Turnpike, Hood was unable to destroy Schofield or prevent his withdrawal to link up with Thomas in Nashville. And his

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Some popular histories assert that Hood acted rashly in a fit of rage, resentful that the Federal army had slipped past his troops the night before at Spring Hill and that he wanted to discipline his army by ordering them to assault against strong odds. Recent scholarship discounts this as unlikely,

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Schofield decided to defend at Franklin with his back to the river because he had no pontoon bridges available that would enable his men to cross the river. The bridges had been left behind in his retreat from Columbia because they lacked wagons to transport them, and pontoons requested from Thomas

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Now that Hood had outflanked him by noon on November 29, Schofield's army was in critical danger. His command was split at that time between his supply wagons and artillery and part of the IV Corps, which he had sent to Spring Hill nearly ten miles north of Columbia, and the rest of the IV and XXIII

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Perhaps surprisingly, some Confederate soldiers claimed that Franklin was a victory. James Lanning of the 25th Alabama Infantry wrote in his diary, “victory is ours but very dearly bought.” Confederate artilleryman William Ritter believed, “the charge was a brilliant one and was successful, as part

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at Gettysburg. A comparison of the two may be of interest. Pickett's total loss at Gettysburg was 1,354 (this is not an accurate number, the number of casualties during Pickett's Charge actually exceeded 6500 in less than an hour); at Franklin the Army of Tennessee lost over 6,000 dead and wounded.

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ran through a Confederate major who had just shot him in the chest. Opdycke riding his horse emptied his pistol at the Rebels and then dismounted to use it as club until it broke; grabbing a musket, he began clubbing the enemy with that. Steplyk writes that a reason the combat may have stood out so

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I hereupon decided, before the enemy would be able to reach his stronghold at Nashville, to make that same afternoon another and final effort to overtake and rout him, and drive him in the Big Harpeth river at Franklin, since I could no longer hope to get between him and Nashville, by reason of the

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in the dwindling afternoon light—sunset would be at 16:34 that day—against the Union force, a decision that caused dismay among his top generals. Forrest argued unsuccessfully that if he were given a division of infantry to accompany his cavalry, he could flank Schofield out of his position "within

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that afternoon and night, Hood had a golden opportunity to intercept and destroy the Union troops and their supply wagons, as his forces had already reached the turnpike separating the Union forces by nightfall. However, because of a series of command failures along with Hood's premature confidence

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Firing continued around the Carter house and gardens for hours. Many in Brown's division were driven back to the Federal earthworks, where many were pinned down for the remainder of the evening, unable to either advance or flee. Each side fired through embrasures or over the top of the parapets at

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For years afterward, the ferocity of the combat at extremely close quarters made the battle stand out in many of the veterans' memories. The historian, Jonathan Steplyk noted that the involvement of the field officers alongside their troops in the "frenzied brawl" showed the desperation with which

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The Lost Cause myth has ushed the narrative that Cleburne was resigned to his fate, but recently discovered papers show that according to a lot opf his peers, Cleburne felt that he and Cheatham were responsible for the failure at Spring Hill, and that Cleburne was aiming to redeem himself and his

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The Army of Tennessee was badly damaged at Franklin. Nevertheless, rather than retreat and risk the army dissolving through desertions, Hood advanced his 26,500 man force against the Union army now combined under Thomas, firmly entrenched at Nashville which numbered more than 60,000. Hood and his

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Historian Andrew Bledsoe writes that the "wastage" of the officer corps "irreparably harmed army's morale, disrupted its command structure, and deprived it of talented and experienced commanders."" He further cites the timing of the attack, just before twilight, as a key factor combined with the

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stood their ground, but were in danger of being overwhelmed. At this time, Emerson Opdycke's brigade was in reserve, positioned in columns of regiments facing north in a meadow about 200 yards north of the Carter House. Opdycke quickly repositioned his veterans into line of battle, straddling the

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Hood's attack initially enveloped the 3,000 men in two brigades under Lane and Conrad, which attempted to stand their ground behind inadequate fieldworks and without anchored flanks, but quickly collapsed under the pressure. As Wagner exhorted his men to stand fast, they let loose a single strong

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By noon, the Union works were ready. The line, based on the prior year's fortifications, formed an approximate semicircle around the town from northwest to southeast. The other half of the circle was the Harpeth River. Counterclockwise from the northwest were the divisions of Kimball (IV Corps),

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for moving slowly in reaction to Hood and being only lucky to escape, but his subordinates defended his reaction as a careful balance between the safety of his army and his mission to delay Hood from striking Nashville before Thomas had amassed all his forces. Through decisive leadership and good

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parcels: five acres located southwest of what is now a small park called the Collin's Farm located at the southeast corner of the Lewisburg Pike and the Nashville and Decatur Railroad that was preserved a few years ago; and 11 acres located near the corner of Lewisburg Pike and Carnton Lane. The

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On November 24, 2010, the State of Tennessee awarded a $ 960,000 enhancement grant from the Tennessee Department of Transportation to help purchase the property where the Domino's Pizza and mini-mart is located. A local preservation organization is also hoping to purchase 16 acres of land in two

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Walthall's division, intermixed partially with Loring's division because of the confusion that resulted from the narrow space, struck Casement's and Reilly's brigades in multiple waves of brigade assaults—probably as many as six distinct attacks. All of these assaults were turned back with heavy

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Wood's division of IV Corps and all of Wilson's cavalry were posted north of the Harpeth to watch for any flanking attempt. Schofield planned to withdraw his infantry across the river by 18:00. if Hood had not arrived by then. As Hood approached, Schofield initially assumed the Confederates were

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Rather than trying to chase Sherman in Georgia, Hood decided that he would attempt a major offensive northward, even though his invading force of 39,000 would be outnumbered by the 60,000 Union troops in Tennessee. He would move north into Tennessee and try to defeat portions of Thomas's army in

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Horn understates the losses of Pickett's Charge. Pickett's division alone suffered 2,655 casualties (498 killed, 643 wounded, 833 wounded and captured, and 681 captured, unwounded) and total Confederate losses during the three-division attack were 6,555. Thus, total casualties were somewhat

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and local organizations. This land was part of 2 acres (0.81 ha) that made up the Carter Family Garden, which during the battle saw tremendous fighting and was part of a brief Confederate breakthrough. After the purchase, a house, out-buildings, and a swimming pool were removed. During

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The Union's momentary inability to defend the opening in the works caused a weak spot in its line at the Columbia Pike from the Carter House to the cotton gin. The Confederate divisions of Cleburne, Brown, and French converged on this front and a number of their troops broke through the now

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Regardless of Hood's personal motivations, his specific objective was to try to crush Schofield before he and his troops could escape to Nashville. He was concerned that if he attempted to turn Schofield by crossing the Harpeth and getting between him and Nashville, the maneuver would be

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they fought as regimental officers were normally expected to lead and inspire their men instead of getting directly involved. Many a field-grade officer in the U.S. forces actually used their swords as weapons that day. After having his horse shot out from under him and taking a bullet,

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had angled to the right during the advance, joining Cleburne's division to the east of the pike. Their attack near the cotton gin was driven back from the breastworks and was then subjected to devastating cross fire from Reilly's brigade to their front and the brigade of COL

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Hood's continued pursuit of Schofield after suffering defeat at Franklin and his refusal to withdraw before the battle of Nashville caused Schofield to remark "I doubt if any soldiers in the world ever needed more cumulative evidence to convince them that they were beaten."

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The annals of war may long be searched for a parallel to the desperate valor of the charge of the Army of Tennessee at Franklin, a charge which has been called "the greatest drama in American history." Perhaps its only rival for macabre distinction would be

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Current unpublished research by Carter House historian David Fraley has identified Union killed at Franklin to be in excess of 600 and perhaps as many as 800. However, this list may include men who had fought at Franklin and died in captivity or in the

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was able to push through the abatis and reached the Federal earthworks, where it was pinned down by murderous crossfire. Quarles was wounded in the left arm and at the end of the battle the highest-ranking officer standing in his brigade was a captain.

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of the West", resulted in devastating losses to the men and the leadership of the Army of Tennessee—fourteen Confederate generals (six killed, seven wounded, and one captured) and 55 regimental commanders were casualties. After its defeat against

1428:, confronted them, shouting, "Great God. Do I command cowards?" He attempted to inspire his men by sitting on his horse in full view of the Federal lines for over a minute and amazingly emerged unharmed, but the brigade made no further progress. 1366:

vividly for veterans was because the closeness was so exceptional; many of the Army of the Ohio and the Army of Tennessee had fought since Shiloh, but this combat was the first time they saw the bayonet and musket butt used with such abandon.

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Although Schofield was the commander of the Army of the Ohio through 1865, historians of the campaign do not always use this designation for the combination of corps assembled against Hood, referring in some cases only to the "Federal Army."

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Wagner's division was a mix of veterans and green troops who had been recruited six to eight weeks beforehnd. Following the cues of their veteran colleagues, they were well aware of the vulnerability of their position south of the main line.

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Sherman's march left the aggressive Hood unoccupied, and his Army of Tennessee had several options in attacking Sherman or falling upon his rear lines. The task of defending Tennessee and the rearguard against Hood fell to Major General

684:'s cavalry along the way, the Federals were able to reach Columbia and erect fortifications just hours before the Confederates arrived on November 24. From November 24 to 29, Schofield managed to block Hood at this crossing, and the " 4777: 1456:

Hood, who remained at his headquarters on Winstead Hill, was still convinced that he could pierce the Federal line. At about 19:00, he deployed the only division of Stephen D. Lee's corps that had arrived, commanded by MGEN

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occurred in the Union earthworks. Schofield established his headquarters in the Alpheus Truett House, a half mile north of the Harpeth on the Nashville Pike, although he would spend most of his time during the battle in

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repeating rifles added to the otherwise considerable advantages of the defenders. Near the Carter House, 350 men of the 12th Kentucky and 65th Illinois fired 16-shot, lever-action Henry rifles, the predecessors to the

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as it was not only militarily foolish, but Hood was observed to be determined, not angry, by the time he arrived in Franklin. His move was very much in keeping with the behavior of Lee and his subordinates in the

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close range in an attempt to dislodge the other. Brown's division suffered significant losses, including Brown, who was wounded, and all four of his brigade commanders were casualties. Brown's brigade under BGEN

1763:, which stands today and is open to visitors, was located at the center of the Union position. The site covers about 15 acres (61,000 m). The house and outbuildings still show hundreds of bullet holes. The 592:. By doing so, he would avoid having to defend hundreds of miles of supply lines against constant raids, through which he predicted he would lose "a thousand men monthly and gain no result" against Hood's army. 1534:, who was killed in action. Fourteen Confederate generals (six killed, seven wounded, and one captured) and 55 regimental commanders were casualties. Five generals killed in action at Franklin were Cleburne, 1918:

A few days after his ill-considered position was overrun in the Confederate advance, Wagner was relieved of command at his own request. Jacobson has termed his decision to stand there "reckless discretion."

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volley of rifle fire, and a two-gun section of Battery G, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, fired canister, but then many of the veteran soldiers of the two brigades stampeded back on the Columbia Pike to the main

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attempted to rally his brigade by galloping his horse directly onto the earthworks. As he attempted to seize the flag of the 65th Illinois, he and his horse were both shot and killed. The brigade of BGEN

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department commander Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard requested reinforcements, but none were available. Strongly outnumbered and exposed to the elements, Hood was attacked by Thomas on December 15–16 at the

4170:. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLV-LVII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 53–55, 663. 1598:, defeated decisively and pursued aggressively, retreating to Mississippi with just under 20,000 men. The Army of Tennessee never fought again as an effective force and Hood's career was ruined. 4168:

Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and North Georgia. November 14, 1864-January 22, 1865., Part I - Reports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc

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In addition to Chalmers's actions in the west, across the river to the east Confederate cavalry commander Forrest attempted to turn the Union left. His two divisions on Stewart's right (BGENs

4867: 4813: 1395:. These rifles were capable of at least 15 to 30 shots per minute, which gave these men several times more firepower than typical infantrymen with more common muzzle-loading rifle-muskets. 312: 1477:) engaged some Federal cavalry pickets and pushed them back. They crossed the Harpeth at Hughes Ford, about 3 miles (4.8 km) upstream from Franklin. When Union cavalry commander BGEN 4454: 472:, the Army of Tennessee retreated with barely half the men with which it had begun the short offensive, and was effectively destroyed as a fighting force for the remainder of the war. 2244: 8720: 5489: 4834: 4736: 8339: 1798:

and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved more than 180 acres (0.73 km) of the battlefield in more than a dozen different transactions since 1996

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observed the enemy fortifications as being formidable, but he told the commanding general that he would either take the enemy's works or fall in the attempt. He later remarked to

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wrote, "Having proved even to Hood's satisfaction that they could assault breastworks, the Army of Tennessee had shattered itself beyond the possibility of ever doing so again.

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describes as "scripted in never-never land." Hood had recovered from but was affected by a couple of serious physical battle wounds to a leg and arm, which caused him pain and

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Much of the rest of the Franklin battlefield has been lost to commercial development. The spot where Gen. Cleburne fell, for instance, was covered until late 2005 by a

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restaurant. City officials and historic-preservation groups have recently placed a new emphasis on saving what remains of the land over which the battle raged.

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of the same name, Mrs Mead remarks to Mrs Meriwether that Rhett Butler was decorated by the Confederate Congress for his services at the Battle of Franklin.

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prisoners, including all captured wounded and medical personnel, were recovered on December 18 when Union forces re-entered Franklin in pursuit of Hood.

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Suffering in the Army of Tennessee: A Social History of the Confederate Army of the Heartland from the Battles for Atlanta to the Retreat from Nashville

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At Franklin, about 27,000 Confederates were engaged, primarily from the corps of Cheatham, Stewart, and Forrest, and Johnson's division of Lee's corps.

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On November 28, Thomas directed Schofield to begin preparations for a withdrawal north to Franklin. He was incorrectly expecting that Major General

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fact that most officers were mounted to preserve their command and control in the fading light, a "result of logical, and terrible, deliberation".

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and most of the army's artillery remained on the southern bank to deceive Schofield into thinking a general assault was planned against Columbia.

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More importantly, the military leadership in the West was decimated, including the loss of perhaps the best division commander of either side,

2312: 655:. Hood spent the first three weeks of November quietly supplying the Army of Tennessee in northern Alabama in preparation for his offensive. 8627: 7985: 7738: 7733: 7159: 5006: 4902: 4417: 540: 6991: 6061: 5451: 2216: 8548: 8078: 7127: 6886: 4892: 2701: 8642: 8505: 8490: 6921: 6537: 5530: 4011: 8495: 8258: 8228: 7866: 7795: 6493: 6488: 5505: 3960: 1350: 1346: 515: 17: 1781:

In 2006, 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) of land bordering the southwestern end of the Carter House property was acquired with help of the

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Schofield's advance guard arrived in Franklin at about 4:30 a.m. on November 30, after a forced march north from Spring Hill.

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that he had trapped Schofield, the Confederates failed to stop or even inflict much damage to the Union forces during the night.

6971: 4356: 4302: 2352: 667:, on November 21, and indeed managed to surprise the Union forces, the two halves of which were 75 miles (121 km) apart at 8553: 8298: 7041: 7036: 6711: 5665: 5599: 1677: 6881: 3932: 3104: 857:

short distance from Franklin to that city, and the advantage which the Federals enjoyed in the possession of the direct road.

8765: 8125: 7117: 7112: 6976: 6876: 6127: 5343: 4257: 4224: 4140: 3995: 3821: 3792: 3764: 3735: 3631: 3596: 3533: 3485: 3456: 3395: 3345: 3296: 3264: 2878: 1535: 1416: 3730:. Civil War Campaigns in the Heartland (1st ed.). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 81–104. 8384: 8088: 8060: 7299: 7107: 7076: 7006: 6866: 6440: 4440: 3259:. Civil War Campaigns in the Heartland (1st ed.). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 66–80. 1684: 652: 624:, with a total strength of about 30,000. Another 30,000 troops under Thomas's command were in or moving toward Nashville. 8374: 8364: 8015: 7723: 7086: 7051: 6946: 6524: 5522: 4966: 4943: 1658: 711:'s corps north on a flanking march. They crossed the Duck River at Davis's Ford east of Columbia, while two divisions of 35: 7001: 2411: 1379:, on Reilly's right. Cleburne was killed in the attack and 14 of his brigade and regimental commanders were casualties. 8525: 8515: 8500: 8268: 8093: 7122: 7071: 7016: 6981: 6966: 6956: 6941: 6916: 6871: 6856: 6791: 6668: 6117: 5547: 4855: 4399: 1980:

comparable, although the loss in senior officers at Franklin was far worse—more so than Horn's 1941 description states.

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For examples of the popular view promoting Hood's anger and resentment, see Sword, McPherson & Gottlieb, and Nevin.

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Hood even expected to pick up 20,000 recruits from Tennessee and Kentucky in his path of victory and then join up with

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Hood's army began to arrive on Winstead Hill, two miles (3 km) south of Franklin, around 13:00 Hood ordered a

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War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Volume 45, part 1, p.654.

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War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Volume 45, part 1, p.344

763:

Ruger (XXIII Corps), and Reilly (XXIII Corps). There was a gap in the line where the Columbia Pike (present day

8622: 7941: 7705: 7061: 7026: 6931: 6637: 6167: 5854: 5115: 1673: 1662: 4380: 3787:. The Union Army, 1861-1865: Organization and Operations. Vol. 2. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 699:

arrival from Missouri was imminent and he wanted the combined force to defend against Hood on the line of the

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to move south from his position on the Brentwood Turnpike and attack Forrest from the front. He ordered BGEN

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At the same time as Opdycke's counterattack west of the pike, the reserve elements of Reilly's division (the

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at Franklin instead of the Duck River at Columbia. Meanwhile, early on the morning of November 29, Hood sent

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the Union position. He did not suspect that Hood would be rash enough to attack the strong defensive line.

371: 2025: 926: 479:, was a minor action associated with a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry under Major General 8684: 8432: 8183: 8020: 8010: 8005: 7963: 7387: 6686: 6137: 6047: 5876: 5650: 5589: 5555: 5536: 5317: 5236: 5095: 5060: 3437: 3067: 3065: 1857: 1095: 497: 381: 3626:. Oxford History of the United States (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 904. 3618: 1127: 8730: 8715: 8575: 8163: 7990: 7873: 7851: 7780: 7695: 6756: 6557: 6435: 6417: 5790: 5785: 5348: 5307: 5211: 5156: 4915: 4860: 4839: 3971: 3940: 3917: 3892: 3868: 3860: 3844: 3839: 1824: 1815: 1795: 1782: 1567: 1392: 1303: 764: 167: 3062: 2470: 958: 8694: 8607: 8563: 8369: 8151: 7953: 7926: 7906: 7807: 7613: 7518: 6816: 6731: 6647: 6297: 6222: 5930: 5896: 5685: 5206: 5171: 5075: 1844: 1174: 872: 752: 476: 366: 31: 3380: 8725: 8570: 8454: 8379: 8354: 8349: 8313: 8233: 7931: 7916: 7497: 6781: 6746: 6681: 6622: 6617: 6347: 5181: 5090: 5070: 2914: 1458: 1207: 1079: 1014: 808: 613: 419: 4132:

Advance and retreat : personal experiences in the United States and Confederate States armies

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As the Confederates poured men into the breach, reserve regiments on both sides of the pike, the

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For Cause & for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill & the Battle of Franklin

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detail before they could concentrate, seize the important manufacturing and supply center of

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Jacobson presents a full list of all of the officers who were casualties during the battle.

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learned at 15:00 that Forrest was crossing the river, he ordered his division under BGEN

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directly down the railroad cut prevented any attempt to flank the Union position. BGEN

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This article is about the battle in 1864. For the minor battle the previous year, see

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and was unable to prevent Schofield from executing a planned, orderly withdrawal to

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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places

4175: 4171: 4099: 3944: 2457: 2455: 2453: 1531: 1376: 1230: 1111: 1037: 1018: 1004: 993: 982: 950: 934: 841: 812: 796: 748: 617: 609: 597: 569: 507: 465: 235: 211: 4276:"Letter, Alonzo Wolverton to his sister Roseltha olverton Goble, December 4, 1864" 2200: 8632: 7921: 7770: 7663: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7523: 7492: 7402: 7345: 7335: 7294: 6322: 6292: 6112: 5984: 5376: 4360: 4343: 4325: 4312: 4247: 4214: 3811: 3754: 3683: 3650: 3586: 3523: 3504: 3475: 3446: 3314: 3286: 1802: 1624: 1571: 1486: 1478: 1446: 1196: 1181: 1049: 1033: 1026: 1022: 1017:, normally commanded by Schofield, but temporarily commanded at Franklin by BGEN 966: 848: 836: 800: 430: 3883: 3759:. Voices of the Civil War series. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. 2832: 2450: 1554:, was mortally wounded and died later on December 10. The wounded generals were 7700: 7648: 7487: 7452: 7412: 7304: 7284: 7279: 7234: 6513: 6354: 6342: 5609: 5397: 4990: 4980: 4404: 3656: 2990: 2974: 1970:

The 175th Ohio was a green regiment that had only been formed in October 1864.

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Two Union brigades were positioned about a half mile forward of the main line.

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Hugh A. Garland Jr., the son of slavery advocate and Andrew Jackson supporter

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excavation of the original Federal entrenchments some human bones were found.

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The 1864 Battle of Franklin was the second military action in the vicinity; a

290: 8709: 7968: 7568: 7563: 7553: 7528: 7437: 7432: 7274: 7269: 7254: 7224: 7194: 6532: 6157: 5969: 4194: 4183: 4121: 4073:(YouTube). Franklin, TN: The Battle of Franklin Trust. Event occurs at 23:40 3745: 3543: 3495: 3466: 3363: 3274: 1958: 1555: 1412: 1192: 1170: 1167: 700: 644: 532: 480: 206: 195: 163: 121: 108: 4331: 4267: 4150: 4030: 3405: 3306: 3204: 1957:

At the start of the Atlanta Campaign, Hood was appointed a temporary "full"

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Preserved areas of the Franklin battlefield around the Union defensive line

1482: 1405: 1041: 789: 779:, appropriated as Cox's headquarters. Just east of the pike was the Carter 768: 4405:

On this date in Civil War history – Battle of Franklin – November 30, 1864

2506: 1823:, the character Rhett Butler mentions that he fought at Franklin. In the 7209: 6247: 6227: 3448:

John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General

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in that aggressive action frequently gains one the initiative in combat.

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The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864 : a monograph

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wrote that Hood "had in effect mortally wounded his army at Franklin."

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began falling back under heavy fire when its division commander, MGEN

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The Confederate assault of six infantry divisions containing eighteen

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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places

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View north from Hood's headquarters on Winstead Hill (engraving from

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The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville

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John Bell Hood Society's defense of Hood's 1864 Tennessee campaign

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

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Let Us Die Like Men: The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864

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Confederate attacks and Opdycke's counterattack, 16:30–19:00.

6381: 4155:. First published 1880 for the Hood Orphan Memorial Fund by 2026:"Battle Detail - The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)" 4051: 2609: 1277:

Hood's approach and attacks against Wagner's advanced line

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as they had at Columbia, planning to cross the Harpeth and

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on the turnpike north. Despite suffering losses from MGEN

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of the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Major General

604:. The principal forces available in Middle Tennessee were 268:(total: 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, 1,104 missing/captured) 4332:

A blog-database for descendants of the Battle of Franklin

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Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War

4010: 3885:"Book: Baptism of Fire, An Interview with Eric Jacobson" 3313: 3189: 3156: 3138: 3110: 3092: 3038: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2683: 2651: 2440: 2438: 2417: 2401: 2399: 2358: 2318: 2250: 2222: 2111: 2084:"Our loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners was 4,500." 2061: 851:, "Well, Govan, if we are to die, let us die like men." 576:

into battle by disrupting his railroad supply line from

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The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

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The Lost Papers of Confederate General John Bell Hood

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History of the National Register of Historic Places

4354:

Animated history of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign

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numbering almost 20,000 men, sometimes called the "

3720: 3480:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. 284. 3451:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. 335. 3379: 3326: 3288:Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee, 1862--1865 3249: 1315:not-so-solid Federal defenses on either side. The 723:corps marching from Columbia to join them. In the 4501:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state 4241: 4216:The Civil War Volume III: Red River to Appomattox 3581: 3560:(2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. 2780: 2711: 2631: 2595: 2306: 2276: 2258: 2226: 2206: 2159: 2139: 1873:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1864 1863:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 8707: 8345:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 4066: 2835:Baptism of Fire, An Interview with Eric Jacobson 2461: 4893:National Register of Historic Places portal 3426:Minutes of the Third Annual Meeting and Reunion 775:. Just behind the center of the line stood the 320: 8756:Battles of the American Civil War in Tennessee 8169:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 4396:, Tennessee Civil War Preservation Association 1398: 1310:Breakthrough and repulse in the Federal center 6055: 5490: 4951: 4425: 4135:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 4054:. The Battle of Franklin Trust. July 18, 2022 985:, led a force of about 27,000 consisting of: 306: 4311:, histories, photos, and preservation news ( 3688:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 3522:Jacobson, Eric A.; Rupp, Richard A. (2007). 3521: 3056: 3012: 2996: 2980: 2960: 2940: 2920: 2908: 2884: 2847: 2808: 2776: 2707: 2667: 2627: 2615: 2583: 2544: 2496: 2476: 2421: 2382: 2362: 2322: 2254: 2155: 2135: 2115: 433:against fortified positions occupied by the 3713:"Killing at Franklin: Anatomy of Slaughter" 1441:Failures on the Confederate left and center 647:'s army in Virginia, a plan that historian 6062: 6048: 5497: 5483: 4958: 4944: 4432: 4418: 3474:Hood, John Bell; Hood, Stephen M. (2015). 1805:was a Confederate casualty in the battle. 818: 676:, which held an important bridge over the 313: 299: 8761:Union victories of the American Civil War 5506:Western theater of the American Civil War 4441:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 4249:Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin 3908:Cartwright, Thomas Y. (October 8, 2022). 3816:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie LLC. 3613: 3506:The Army of Tennessee: A Military History 3162: 2179: 2119: 1725:Learn how and when to remove this message 1206:, with divisions commanded by Maj. Gens. 1187:, with divisions commanded by Maj. Gens. 663:The Army of Tennessee marched north from 516:Western Theater of the American Civil War 6258:Treatment of slaves in the United States 4389:map, Battles of Spring Hill and Franklin 3988:"Ten Facts About the Battle of Franklin" 3752: 3620:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 3473: 3377: 3281: 3150: 3139:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 3114: 3111:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2684:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2652:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2528: 2418:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2359:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2319:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2251:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2223:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2112:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 2107: 2062:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001) 1755:2010 Civil War reenactment, Carter House 1750: 1742: 1292: 1272: 822: 739: 547: 539: 531: 523: 8001:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 6173:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 3780: 3710: 3550: 3239: 3126: 3118: 3098: 3086: 3020: 2968: 2928: 2896: 2872: 2855: 2820: 2792: 2671: 2639: 2516: 2500: 2484: 2444: 2429: 2405: 2390: 2370: 2346: 2334: 2326: 2270: 2238: 2143: 1382:That some Union troops were armed with 572:, Hood had hoped to lure Major General 552:Map of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign 14: 8708: 7986:Modern display of the Confederate flag 6069: 3074:Ten Facts About the Battle of Franklin 2779:, pp. 259–260, 273–274, 278–282; 2710:, pp. 259–260, 273–274, 278–282; 1177:. The army consisted of the corps of: 8204: 7593: 7157: 6380: 6183:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 6081: 6043: 5478: 4939: 4413: 4209: 3809: 3681: 3648: 3419: 3122: 3044: 3016: 3000: 2984: 2964: 2948: 2944: 2924: 2892: 2888: 2851: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2788: 2784: 2719: 2715: 2695: 2655: 2635: 2603: 2599: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2512: 2480: 2425: 2386: 2366: 2330: 2266: 2262: 2234: 2230: 2210: 2167: 2163: 2123: 1808: 771:shrubs formed an almost impenetrable 491: 477:battle fought there on April 10, 1863 294: 5457: 4337:Google Map of the Battle of Franklin 4128: 3502: 3444: 3032: 2887:, pp. 323, 308, 315, 310, 286; 2568: 2540: 1663:adding citations to reliable sources 1634: 1630: 1021:, with divisions commanded by BGENs 829:Battles and Leaders of the Civil War 402:was fought on November 30, 1864, in 8340:Committee on the Conduct of the War 8016:United Daughters of the Confederacy 5418:Confederate monuments and memorials 4967:Tennessee in the American Civil War 4366:Save the Franklin Battlefield, Inc. 4098: 3652:Sherman's March: Atlanta To The Sea 3528:. Franklin, TN: O'More Publishing. 2294: 2282: 1244:, with divisions commanded by BGEN 1225:, with divisions commanded by MGEN 1036:, with divisions commanded by BGEN 36:Battle of Franklin (disambiguation) 24: 8410:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 8205: 7749:impeachment managers investigation 6128:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 4856:National Historic Preservation Act 4070:Chalkboard History: Franklin Myths 3943:. January 19, 2004. Archived from 3861:"10 Facts: The Battle of Franklin" 3588:Battle Chronicles of the Civil war 1464: 1268: 882: 25: 8782: 7835:Reconstruction military districts 6283:Abolitionism in the United States 6238:Plantations in the American South 6153:Origins of the American Civil War 4296: 3551:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998). 3382:West Point Atlas of American Wars 1070:Principal Confederate commanders 1032:Cavalry Corps, commanded by MGEN 528:Kentucky-Northern Tennessee, 1864 8689: 8680: 8679: 7818:Enforcement Act of February 1871 7791:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 6009: 5968: 5456: 5447: 5446: 4923: 4898: 4897: 4886: 4188: 4108:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 4067:Jacobson, Eric A (May 4, 2023). 3207:Small strip mall, Domino's Pizza 2734:10 Facts: The Battle of Franklin 1853:Armies in the American Civil War 1837: 1639: 1142: 1126: 1110: 1094: 1078: 957: 941: 925: 909: 731:Schofield was criticized by the 659:Road to Franklin, November 21–29 536:Southern Tennessee-Alabama, 1864 217: 205: 194: 174: 156: 59: 27:Battle of the American Civil War 8603:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 8465:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 8026:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 5595:Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers 4038:. Tennessean. November 30, 2010 3910:"Franklin: The Valley of Death" 3781:Welcher, Frank Johnson (1989). 3554:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 3388:Frederick A. Praeger Publishers 2781:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2712:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2632:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2596:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2307:McDonough & Connelly (1983) 2259:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2227:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2207:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2160:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 2140:McPherson & Gottlieb (1989) 1992: 1983: 1973: 1964: 1951: 1941: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1889: 1650:needs additional citations for 1069: 900: 783:building, around which a minor 7706:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 4809:Federated States of Micronesia 4455:Architectural style categories 3723:The Tennessee Campaign of 1864 3336:(1st ed.). New York, NY: 3252:The Tennessee Campaign of 1864 2090: 2078: 2067: 2018: 1056: 996:, with divisions commanded by 13: 1: 8121:Ladies' Memorial Associations 7823:Enforcement Act of April 1871 7719:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 7594: 4381:McGavock Confederate Cemetery 3711:Steplyk, Jonathan M. (2016). 3378:Esposito, Vincent J. (1959). 2943:, pp. 299–305, 339–343; 2764:Franklin: The Valley of Death 2479:, pp. 219–21, 228, 230; 1878: 1769:McGavock Confederate Cemetery 620:, commanded by Major General 486: 8766:Williamson County, Tennessee 8254:Confederate revolving cannon 7996:Sons of Confederate Veterans 7867:South Carolina riots of 1876 7845:Indian Council at Fort Smith 7796:South Carolina riots of 1876 7761:Knights of the White Camelia 6253:Slavery in the United States 5862:(Sherman's March to the Sea) 5308:Third Battle of Murfreesboro 5182:Second Battle of Chattanooga 5091:First Battle of Murfreesboro 3719:; Grear, Charles D. (eds.). 3585:; Gottlieb, Richard (1989). 3248:; Grear, Charles D. (eds.). 2951:, pp. 216–218, 226–227. 2911:, pp. 286–287, 329–330. 1492: 1432:losses. The brigade of BGEN 1355:175th Ohio Infantry Regiment 568:Following his defeat in the 68:, by Kurz and Allison (1891) 7: 8751:Franklin–Nashville Campaign 8608:New York City riots of 1863 8433:Battle Hymn of the Republic 8184:United Confederate Veterans 8021:Children of the Confederacy 8011:United Confederate Veterans 8006:Southern Historical Society 7158: 6638:Price's Missouri Expedition 6108:Timeline leading to the War 6082: 5207:Third Battle of Chattanooga 5086:First Battle of Chattanooga 4090:Memoirs and primary sources 3810:White, William Lee (2019). 3438:United Confederate Veterans 3240:Bledsoe, Andrew S. (2016). 1858:Franklin-Nashville campaign 1830: 1399:Repulse on the Federal left 1063:Confederate order of battle 901:Principal Union commanders 498:Franklin-Nashville Campaign 408:Franklin–Nashville Campaign 80:November 30, 1864 10: 8787: 8576:Confederate Secret Service 8164:Grand Army of the Republic 8056:Grand Army of the Republic 7874:Southern Claims Commission 4861:Historic Preservation Fund 4840:American Legation, Morocco 3972:U.S. National Park Service 3941:U.S. National Park Service 3918:American Battlefield Trust 3893:American Battlefield Trust 3869:American Battlefield Trust 3845:American Battlefield Trust 3057:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 3013:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2997:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2981:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2961:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2941:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2923:, pp. 244, 262, 285; 2921:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2909:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2885:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2848:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2809:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2777:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2708:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2668:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2628:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2616:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2584:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2545:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2497:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2477:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2422:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2383:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2363:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2323:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2257:, pp. 53, 55, 72–75; 2255:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2156:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2136:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 2116:Jacobson & Rupp (2007) 1796:American Battlefield Trust 1783:American Battlefield Trust 1736: 1459:Edward "Allegheny" Johnson 1393:Winchester repeating rifle 1240:Cavalry forces under MGEN 1208:Edward "Allegheny" Johnson 1060: 891: 632:, and continue north into 512:Sherman's March to the Sea 505: 495: 29: 8675: 8651: 8564:Confederate States dollar 8536: 8478: 8423: 8375:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 8370:Emancipation Proclamation 8332: 8264:Medal of Honor recipients 8221: 8217: 8200: 8152:Confederate Memorial Hall 8134: 8113: 8071: 8043: 8034: 7954:Confederate Memorial Hall 7927:Confederate History Month 7907:Civil War Discovery Trail 7887: 7808:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 7639: 7614:Reconstruction Amendments 7604: 7600: 7589: 7511: 7380: 7373: 7313: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7153: 7095: 6842: 6835: 6666: 6522: 6481: 6449: 6416: 6409: 6405: 6376: 6273: 6223:Emancipation Proclamation 6191: 6092: 6088: 6077: 6008: 5966: 5959: 5939: 5923: 5914: 5869: 5812: 5803: 5758: 5712: 5703: 5638: 5577: 5568: 5545: 5521: 5512: 5442: 5426: 5410: 5390: 5364: 5357: 5330: 5283:Second Battle of Franklin 5250: 5139: 5043: 5036: 5020: 4999: 4973: 4881: 4848: 4827: 4802:Lists by associated state 4801: 4760: 4493: 4447: 4322:of the Battle of Franklin 4244:Connelly, Thomas Lawrence 3503:Horn, Stanley F. (1941). 3445:Hood, Stephen M. (2013). 3283:Connelly, Thomas Lawrence 2850:, pp. 3328–29, 322; 1845:American Civil War portal 1263: 1175:Army of Northern Virginia 873:Army of Northern Virginia 636:, possibly as far as the 332: 259: 246: 229: 187: 149: 72: 58: 50: 45: 32:Battle of Franklin (1863) 18:Battle of Franklin (1864) 8638:U.S. Sanitary Commission 8549:Battlefield preservation 8455:Marching Through Georgia 8380:Hampton Roads Conference 8355:Confiscation Act of 1862 8350:Confiscation Act of 1861 8126:U.S. national cemeteries 7932:Confederate Memorial Day 7917:Civil War Trails Program 7786:New Orleans riot of 1866 5590:New Madrid-Island No. 10 5273:Second Battle of Memphis 5167:First Battle of Franklin 4783:Northern Mariana Islands 4394:Historic map of Franklin 4342:January 8, 2021, at the 4280:Wolverton Family Letters 4129:Hood, John Bell (1996). 4052:"The Battle of Franklin" 2749:Battle Summary: Franklin 2547:, pp. 241–42, 247; 2005:explosion in April 1865. 887: 846:Brigadier General (BGEN) 746:Brigadier General (BGEN) 8559:Confederate war finance 8179:Southern Cross of Honor 8147:1938 Gettysburg reunion 8142:1913 Gettysburg reunion 7840:Reconstruction Treaties 7813:Enforcement Act of 1870 7696:Freedman's Savings Bank 6313:Lane Debates on Slavery 6138:Lincoln–Douglas debates 5081:First Battle of Memphis 4176:2027/coo.31924077743031 3753:Thrasher, C.D. (2021). 2269:, pp. 84, 89, 91; 2032:. National Park Service 1422:Winfield S. Featherston 819:Hood's arrival and plan 416:Confederate States Army 8736:Nathan Bedford Forrest 8618:Richmond riots of 1863 8544:Baltimore riot of 1861 8324:U.S. Military Railroad 8244:Confederate Home Guard 7976:Historiographic issues 7942:Historical reenactment 6441:Revenue Cutter Service 6308:William Lloyd Garrison 6217:Dred Scott v. Sandford 5600:New Orleans Expedition 4778:Minor Outlying Islands 4761:Lists by insular areas 4475:Keeper of the Register 4349:Battle of Franklin.net 3840:"Franklin Battlefield" 2529:Hood & Hood (2015) 2265:, pp. 82–83, 88; 2194:The Battle of Franklin 1756: 1748: 1507: 1351:16th Kentucky Infantry 1347:12th Kentucky Infantry 1298: 1290: 1242:Nathan Bedford Forrest 1162:LTG John Bell Hood's 1152:Nathan Bedford Forrest 859: 832: 682:Nathan Bedford Forrest 602:Army of the Cumberland 565: 545: 537: 529: 280:702 missing/captured) 272:Schofield's estimate: 188:Commanders and leaders 34:. For other uses, see 8583:Great Revival of 1863 8460:Maryland, My Maryland 8249:Confederate railroads 7912:Civil War Roundtables 7781:Meridian riot of 1871 7776:Memphis riots of 1866 6333:George Luther Stearns 6318:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 6211:Crittenden Compromise 5382:John Henninger Reagan 4480:National Park Service 4460:Contributing property 4359:July 8, 2011, at the 4282:. Archives of Ontario 4242:McDonough, James L.; 3961:"CWSAC report update" 3682:Sword, Wiley (1993). 3649:Nevin, David (1986). 3420:Foard, A. J. (1892). 3323:McPherson, James Alan 2654:, pp. 770, 774; 2213:, pp. 68–70, 74. 2170:, pp. 68, 72–73. 1754: 1746: 1616:Battle Cry of Freedom 1512:The Army of Tennessee 1497: 1296: 1276: 1061:Further information: 894:Union order of battle 892:Further information: 854: 826: 740:Union defensive plans 725:Battle of Spring Hill 551: 544:Map of Franklin, 1864 543: 535: 527: 506:Further information: 502:Battle of Spring Hill 260:Casualties and losses 8771:November 1864 events 8470:Daar kom die Alibama 8385:National Union Party 8061:memorials to Lincoln 7981:Lost Cause mythology 7686:Eufaula riot of 1874 7674:Confederate refugees 6887:District of Columbia 6514:Union naval blockade 6360:Underground Railroad 6148:Nullification crisis 5835:Forrest's Expedition 5776:Siege of Port Hudson 5630:West Tennessee Raids 5126:Parker's Cross Roads 5028:Chattanooga campaign 4835:District of Columbia 3914:www.battlefields.org 3889:www.battlefields.org 3865:www.battlefields.org 3717:Woodworth, Steven E. 3338:Simon & Schuster 3246:Woodworth, Steven E. 3222:Franklin Battlefield 3015:, pp. 358–363; 2999:, pp. 377–385; 2983:, pp. 356–358; 2967:, pp. 218–219; 2963:, pp. 292–293; 2947:, pp. 114–115; 2895:, pp. 221–224; 2891:, pp. 114–115; 2819:, pp. 199–206; 2811:, pp. 319–328; 2791:, pp. 194–196; 2714:, pp. 189–191; 2674:, pp. 599, 611. 2630:, pp. 243–247; 2598:, pp. 188–189; 2555:, pp. 178–180; 2519:, pp. 593, 597. 2483:, pp. 170–171; 2424:, pp. 208–212; 2369:, pp. 159–160; 2365:, pp. 199–203; 2333:, pp. 124–154; 2325:, pp. 105–168; 2261:, pp. 180–182; 2229:, pp. 181–182; 2114:, pp. 736–737; 2110:, pp. 477–478; 1739:Franklin Battlefield 1674:"Battle of Franklin" 1659:improve this article 1578:. One general, BGEN 1223:Alexander P. Stewart 1185:Benjamin F. Cheatham 1136:Alexander P. Stewart 1104:Benjamin F. Cheatham 992:, commanded by MGEN 862:LTG John Bell Hood, 709:Alexander P. Stewart 705:Benjamin F. Cheatham 653:limited his mobility 8746:Franklin, Tennessee 8628:Supreme Court cases 8395:Radical Republicans 8174:Old soldiers' homes 8158:Confederate Veteran 8084:artworks in Capitol 7803:Reconstruction acts 7664:Colfax riot of 1873 6628:Richmond-Petersburg 6233:Fugitive slave laws 6163:Popular sovereignty 6143:Missouri Compromise 6133:Kansas-Nebraska Act 4371:Carter House Museum 4164:U.S. War Department 3998:on November 4, 2016 3784:The Western Theater 3615:McPherson, James M. 3583:McPherson, James M. 3319:McPherson, James M. 3177:CWSAC report update 3059:, pp. 418–420. 3047:, pp. 117–118. 3035:, pp. 402–403. 3003:, pp. 245–247. 2987:, pp. 238–242. 2931:, pp. 596–597. 2858:, pp. 595–596. 2722:, pp. 189–196. 2658:, pp. 448–451. 2586:, pp. 239–240. 2551:, pp. 98–100; 2515:, pp. 197–98; 2393:, pp. 591–593. 2373:, pp. 590–591. 2337:, pp. 588–590. 2273:, pp. 586–588. 1596:Battle of Nashville 1568:Arthur M. Manigault 1560:Francis M. Cockrell 1550:. A sixth general, 1525:Battle of Nashville 1328:183rd Ohio Infantry 1324:Silas A. Strickland 1317:100th Ohio Infantry 1212:Carter L. Stevenson 1189:Patrick R. Cleburne 981:, commander of the 864:Advance and Retreat 753:previous engagement 600:, commander of the 470:Battle of Nashville 429:conducted numerous 404:Franklin, Tennessee 323:Franklin–Nashville 122:35.9174°N 86.8733°W 118: / 8449:A Lincoln Portrait 8390:Politicians killed 8314:U.S. Balloon Corps 8309:Union corps badges 8089:memorials to Davis 7959:Disenfranchisement 7830:Reconstruction era 7711:Timber Culture Act 7669:Compromise of 1877 6633:Franklin–Nashville 6303:Frederick Douglass 6206:Cornerstone Speech 6123:Compromise of 1850 6071:American Civil War 5850:Franklin–Nashville 5771:Siege of Vicksburg 5202:Campbell's Station 5152:Thompson's Station 4376:Carnton Plantation 4303:Battle of Franklin 4016:Brentwood Homepage 3974:. January 15, 2003 3947:on October 6, 2014 3659:: Silver Burdett. 3141:, p. 775-780. 2698:, pp. 444–47. 2602:, pp. 95–96; 2237:, pp. 93–95; 2118:, pp. 29–30; 1816:Gone with the Wind 1809:In popular culture 1765:Carnton Plantation 1757: 1749: 1621:James M. McPherson 1544:States Rights Gist 1475:William H. Jackson 1434:William A. Quarles 1299: 1291: 1254:William H. Jackson 1235:Edward C. Walthall 1046:Richard W. Johnson 833: 686:Battle of Columbia 669:Pulaski, Tennessee 649:James M. McPherson 574:William T. Sherman 566: 546: 538: 530: 520:American Civil War 492:Military situation 468:in the subsequent 420:Lieutenant General 412:American Civil War 400:Battle of Franklin 182:Confederate States 66:Battle of Franklin 53:American Civil War 46:Battle of Franklin 8731:Conflicts in 1864 8716:1864 in Tennessee 8703: 8702: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8501:Italian Americans 8486:African Americans 8443:John Brown's Body 8196: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8109: 8108: 7947:Robert E. Lee Day 7691:Freedmen's Bureau 7654:Brooks–Baxter War 7585: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7369: 7368: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7141: 7140: 6558:Northern Virginia 6504:Trans-Mississippi 6477: 6476: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6264:Uncle Tom's Cabin 6201:African Americans 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 5955: 5954: 5910: 5909: 5877:Kennesaw Mountain 5830:Camden Expedition 5799: 5798: 5699: 5698: 5564: 5563: 5472: 5471: 5406: 5405: 5335:(by city or town) 5326: 5325: 5061:Island Number Ten 4911: 4910: 4465:Historic district 4259:978-0-87049-396-6 4226:978-1-4090-7858-6 4142:978-0-585-26794-4 3895:. October 8, 2022 3871:. October 8, 2022 3823:978-1-61121-296-9 3794:978-0-253-36454-8 3766:978-1-62190-641-4 3737:978-0-8093-3453-7 3633:978-0-19-503863-7 3598:978-0-02-920661-4 3535:978-0-9717444-4-8 3487:978-1-61121-182-5 3458:978-1-61121-140-5 3397:978-0-8050-3391-5 3347:978-0-7432-1846-7 3298:978-0-8071-2738-4 3266:978-0-8093-3453-7 3192:Carter Cotton Gin 2297:, pp. 22–23. 2126:, pp. 45–46. 1821:Margaret Mitchell 1735: 1734: 1727: 1709: 1631:Battlefield today 1564:Zachariah C. Deas 1540:Hiram B. Granbury 1510:Stanley F. Horn, 1471:Abraham Buford II 1426:William W. Loring 1282: Confederate 1246:James R. Chalmers 1227:William W. Loring 1164:Army of Tennessee 1160: 1159: 979:John M. Schofield 975: 974: 665:Florence, Alabama 557: Confederate 427:Army of Tennessee 406:, as part of the 395: 394: 289: 288: 241:Army of Tennessee 145: 144: 127:35.9174; -86.8733 16:(Redirected from 8778: 8693: 8683: 8682: 8506:Native Americans 8491:German Americans 8284:Partisan rangers 8279:Official Records 8219: 8218: 8202: 8201: 8094:memorials to Lee 8041: 8040: 7602: 7601: 7591: 7590: 7378: 7377: 7175: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7155: 7154: 7128:Washington, D.C. 6922:Indian Territory 6882:Dakota Territory 6840: 6839: 6757:Chancellorsville 6548:Jackson's Valley 6538:Blockade runners 6414: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6378: 6377: 6338:Thaddeus Stevens 6328:Lysander Spooner 6288:Susan B. Anthony 6090: 6089: 6079: 6078: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6013: 5973: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5921: 5920: 5810: 5809: 5791:Missionary Ridge 5786:Lookout Mountain 5710: 5709: 5671:Siege of Corinth 5575: 5574: 5531:Arkansas 1861–65 5519: 5518: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5460: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5362: 5361: 5336: 5106:Hatchie's Bridge 5041: 5040: 4986:Middle Tennessee 4960: 4953: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4919: 4901: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4814:Marshall Islands 4434: 4427: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4387:West Point Atlas 4291: 4289: 4287: 4271: 4238: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4154: 4125: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3994:. Archived from 3983: 3981: 3979: 3965: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3835: 3806: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3749: 3729: 3726: 3707: 3678: 3645: 3625: 3610: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3559: 3547: 3518: 3499: 3470: 3441: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3386:. New York, NY: 3385: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3335: 3332: 3315:Eicher, David J. 3310: 3278: 3258: 3255: 3226: 3217: 3211: 3202: 3196: 3187: 3181: 3172: 3166: 3163:McPherson (1988) 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3108: 3102: 3101:, p. 68-69. 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3010: 3004: 2994: 2988: 2978: 2972: 2958: 2952: 2938: 2932: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2859: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2802: 2796: 2774: 2768: 2759: 2753: 2744: 2738: 2729: 2723: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2670:, pp. 452; 2665: 2659: 2649: 2643: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2510: 2504: 2494: 2488: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2448: 2442: 2433: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2394: 2380: 2374: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2248: 2242: 2220: 2214: 2204: 2198: 2189: 2183: 2180:McPherson (1988) 2177: 2171: 2153: 2147: 2133: 2127: 2122:, pp. 808; 2120:McPherson (1988) 2105: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2022: 2006: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1955: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1893: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1730: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1708: 1667: 1643: 1635: 1580:George W. Gordon 1532:Patrick Cleburne 1514: 1502:Pickett's Charge 1377:John S. Casement 1372:George W. Gordon 1363:Arthur MacArthur 1287: 1281: 1231:Samuel G. French 1216:Henry D. Clayton 1146: 1130: 1114: 1098: 1082: 1067: 1066: 1038:Edward M. McCook 1005:George D. Wagner 994:David S. Stanley 983:Army of the Ohio 961: 945: 935:David S. Stanley 929: 913: 898: 897: 866: 842:Patrick Cleburne 797:George D. Wagner 672:from Pulaski to 618:Army of the Ohio 610:David S. Stanley 598:George H. Thomas 588:from Atlanta to 586:March to the Sea 570:Atlanta Campaign 562: 556: 508:Atlanta Campaign 466:George H. Thomas 461:Pickett's Charge 431:frontal assaults 372:3rd Murfreesboro 327: 315: 308: 301: 292: 291: 236:Army of the Ohio 222: 221: 212:David S. Stanley 210: 209: 199: 198: 180: 178: 177: 162: 160: 159: 133: 132: 130: 129: 128: 123: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 87: 85: 74: 73: 63: 43: 42: 21: 8786: 8785: 8781: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8775: 8726:Cavalry charges 8706: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8663: 8647: 8532: 8496:Irish Americans 8474: 8419: 8328: 8319:U.S. Home Guard 8259:Field artillery 8213: 8212: 8188: 8130: 8105: 8067: 8036: 8030: 7922:Civil War Trust 7889: 7883: 7771:Ethnic violence 7756:Kirk–Holden war 7635: 7596: 7573: 7507: 7365: 7309: 7162: 7137: 7091: 6844: 6831: 6662: 6643:Sherman's March 6623:Bermuda Hundred 6518: 6473: 6445: 6401: 6400: 6364: 6323:J. Sella Martin 6293:James G. Birney 6269: 6187: 6113:Bleeding Kansas 6101: 6084: 6073: 6068: 6038: 6029: 6004: 5967: 5951: 5935: 5906: 5865: 5795: 5754: 5695: 5686:Chickasaw Bayou 5634: 5560: 5541: 5508: 5503: 5473: 5468: 5438: 5422: 5402: 5386: 5377:Isham G. Harris 5353: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5322: 5246: 5135: 5076:Plum Point Bend 5032: 5016: 4995: 4969: 4964: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4887: 4885: 4877: 4844: 4823: 4797: 4756: 4489: 4443: 4438: 4361:Wayback Machine 4344:Wayback Machine 4326:Civil War Trust 4313:Civil War Trust 4299: 4294: 4285: 4283: 4274: 4260: 4227: 4203:Further reading 4200: 4189: 4157:G.T. Beauregard 4143: 4076: 4074: 4057: 4055: 4041: 4039: 4021: 4019: 4001: 3999: 3977: 3975: 3963: 3950: 3948: 3922: 3920: 3898: 3896: 3874: 3872: 3850: 3848: 3824: 3795: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3738: 3727: 3696: 3667: 3634: 3623: 3599: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3557: 3536: 3488: 3459: 3410: 3408: 3398: 3368: 3366: 3348: 3340:. p. 990. 3333: 3299: 3267: 3256: 3230: 3229: 3218: 3214: 3203: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3137: 3133: 3125:, p. 312; 3121:, p. 397; 3117:, p. 153; 3115:Esposito (1959) 3113:, p. 776; 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3070: 3063: 3055: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3019:, p. 241; 3011: 3007: 2995: 2991: 2979: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2927:, p. 292; 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2862: 2854:, p. 112; 2846: 2842: 2831: 2827: 2815:, p. 112; 2807:, p. 673; 2803: 2799: 2787:, p. 105; 2783:, p. 191; 2775: 2771: 2760: 2756: 2745: 2741: 2730: 2726: 2718:, p. 103; 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2666: 2662: 2650: 2646: 2638:, p. 180; 2634:, p. 189; 2626: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2511: 2507: 2499:, p. 230; 2495: 2491: 2475: 2471: 2460: 2451: 2443: 2436: 2428:, p. 167; 2420:, p. 772; 2416: 2412: 2404: 2397: 2389:, p. 167; 2385:, p. 198; 2381: 2377: 2361:, p. 772; 2357: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2329:, p. 392; 2321:, p. 771; 2317: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2253:, p. 770; 2249: 2245: 2225:, p. 770; 2221: 2217: 2209:, p. 180; 2205: 2201: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2158:, p. 180; 2154: 2150: 2142:, p. 179; 2134: 2130: 2108:Connelly (2001) 2106: 2102: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2009: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1956: 1952: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1881: 1868:Sherman's March 1843: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1811: 1803:Hugh A. Garland 1741: 1731: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1668: 1666: 1656: 1644: 1633: 1625:David J. Eicher 1572:Thomas M. Scott 1516: 1509: 1495: 1487:John T. Croxton 1479:James H. Wilson 1467: 1465:Cavalry actions 1447:William B. Bate 1443: 1413:canister rounds 1401: 1312: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1271: 1269:Initial contact 1266: 1197:William B. Bate 1154: 1150: 1147: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1065: 1059: 1050:Joseph F. Knipe 1034:James H. Wilson 1027:James W. Reilly 1023:Thomas H. Ruger 969: 967:James H. Wilson 965: 962: 953: 949: 946: 937: 933: 930: 921: 917: 914: 896: 890: 885: 883:Opposing forces 868: 861: 849:Daniel C. Govan 837:frontal assault 821: 801:Emerson Opdycke 742: 733:Lost Cause myth 661: 564: 560: 558: 554: 522: 504: 496:Main articles: 494: 489: 396: 391: 328: 324: 321: 319: 282:Hood's report: 279: 277: 216: 204: 203: 193: 175: 173: 157: 155: 126: 124: 120: 117: 112: 109: 107: 105: 104: 103: 83: 81: 64: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8784: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8741:John Bell Hood 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8697: 8687: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8643:Women soldiers 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8598:Naming the war 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8234:Campaign Medal 8231: 8225: 8223: 8215: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8209:Related topics 8206: 8198: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8047: 8045: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7956: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7937:Decoration Day 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7893: 7891: 7890:Reconstruction 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7744:second inquiry 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7708: 7701:Homestead Acts 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7649:Alabama Claims 7645: 7643: 7641:Reconstruction 7637: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7629:15th Amendment 7626: 7624:14th Amendment 7621: 7619:13th Amendment 7610: 7608: 7598: 7597: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7250:J. E. Johnston 7247: 7245:A. S. Johnston 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7185:R. H. Anderson 7181: 7179: 7172: 7164: 7163: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7047:South Carolina 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7022:North Carolina 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6837: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6747:Fredericksburg 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6687:Wilson's Creek 6684: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6527: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6499:Lower Seaboard 6496: 6491: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6455: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6422: 6420: 6411: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6355:Harriet Tubman 6352: 6351: 6350: 6343:Charles Sumner 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6178:States' rights 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6093: 6086: 6085: 6075: 6074: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5816: 5814: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5714: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5556:Wilson's Creek 5552: 5550: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5502: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5479: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5454: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5434:14th Amendment 5430: 5428: 5427:Related topics 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5398:Andrew Johnson 5394: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5318:Anthony's Hill 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5237:Bean's Station 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5096:Britton's Lane 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5045: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4991:West Tennessee 4988: 4983: 4981:East Tennessee 4977: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4963: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4940: 4933: 4932: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4895: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4793:Virgin Islands 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4768:American Samoa 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4702:South Carolina 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4667:North Carolina 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4495: 4494:Lists by state 4491: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4485:Property types 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4437: 4436: 4429: 4422: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4351: 4346: 4334: 4329: 4316: 4298: 4297:External links 4295: 4293: 4292: 4272: 4258: 4239: 4225: 4206: 4199: 4198: 4160: 4141: 4126: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4084: 4083: 4064: 4048: 4036:tennessean.com 4028: 4018:. May 14, 2015 4008: 3984: 3957: 3929: 3905: 3881: 3857: 3836: 3822: 3807: 3793: 3778: 3765: 3750: 3736: 3708: 3694: 3679: 3665: 3657:Alexandria, VA 3646: 3632: 3611: 3597: 3579: 3566: 3548: 3534: 3519: 3500: 3486: 3471: 3457: 3442: 3417: 3396: 3375: 3346: 3311: 3297: 3279: 3265: 3236: 3228: 3227: 3212: 3197: 3182: 3167: 3165:, p. 813. 3155: 3153:, p. 188. 3143: 3131: 3129:, p. 602. 3127:Welcher (1989) 3119:Kennedy (1998) 3103: 3099:Bledsoe (2016) 3091: 3087:Bledsoe (2016) 3079: 3061: 3049: 3037: 3025: 3023:, p. 598. 3021:Welcher (1989) 3005: 2989: 2973: 2971:, p. 597. 2969:Welcher (1989) 2953: 2933: 2929:Welcher (1989) 2913: 2901: 2899:, p. 596. 2897:Welcher (1989) 2877: 2873:Steplyk (2016) 2860: 2856:Welcher (1989) 2840: 2825: 2823:, p. 595. 2821:Welcher (1989) 2797: 2795:, p. 595. 2793:Welcher (1989) 2769: 2754: 2739: 2724: 2700: 2688: 2686:, p. 769. 2676: 2672:Welcher (1989) 2660: 2644: 2642:, p. 595. 2640:Welcher (1989) 2620: 2618:, p. 239. 2608: 2606:, p. 179. 2588: 2573: 2571:, p. 291. 2561: 2543:, p. 35; 2533: 2531:, p. 238. 2521: 2517:Welcher (1989) 2505: 2501:Steplyk (2016) 2489: 2487:, p. 594. 2485:Welcher (1989) 2469: 2464:Franklin Myths 2449: 2445:Steplyk (2016) 2434: 2432:, p. 593. 2430:Welcher (1989) 2410: 2406:Steplyk (2016) 2395: 2391:Welcher (1989) 2375: 2371:Welcher (1989) 2351: 2347:Steplyk (2016) 2339: 2335:Welcher (1989) 2327:Kennedy (1998) 2311: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2271:Welcher (1989) 2243: 2241:, p. 588. 2239:Welcher (1989) 2233:, p. 88; 2215: 2199: 2184: 2182:, p. 811. 2172: 2166:, p. 82; 2148: 2146:, p. 583. 2144:Welcher (1989) 2138:, p. 41; 2128: 2100: 2089: 2077: 2066: 2064:, p. 774. 2043: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2007: 1991: 1982: 1972: 1963: 1950: 1940: 1931: 1921: 1911: 1901: 1887: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1832: 1829: 1810: 1807: 1737:Main article: 1733: 1732: 1647: 1645: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1613:-winning book 1611:Pulitzer Prize 1576:Jacob H. Sharp 1552:John C. Carter 1548:Otho F. Strahl 1496: 1494: 1491: 1466: 1463: 1451:Robert Bullock 1442: 1439: 1400: 1397: 1311: 1308: 1284: 1278: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1250:Abraham Buford 1238: 1219: 1204:Stephen D. Lee 1200: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1148: 1141: 1139: 1132: 1125: 1123: 1120:Stephen D. Lee 1116: 1109: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1091: 1088:John Bell Hood 1084: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1030: 1012: 1009:Thomas J. Wood 1001:Nathan Kimball 973: 972: 971: 970: 963: 956: 954: 947: 940: 938: 931: 924: 922: 919:John Schofield 915: 908: 903: 902: 889: 886: 884: 881: 853: 820: 817: 741: 738: 713:Stephen D. Lee 660: 657: 622:John Schofield 559: 553: 493: 490: 488: 485: 442:John Schofield 423:John Bell Hood 418:. Confederate 393: 392: 390: 389: 384: 382:Anthony's Hill 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 333: 330: 329: 318: 317: 310: 303: 295: 287: 286: 278:3,800 wounded, 276:(1,750 killed, 269: 262: 261: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 230:Units involved 227: 226: 224:John Bell Hood 214: 201:John Schofield 190: 189: 185: 184: 171: 152: 151: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 95: 93: 89: 88: 78: 70: 69: 56: 55: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8783: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8686: 8678: 8677: 8674: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8650: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8613:Photographers 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8588:Gender issues 8586: 8584: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8535: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8422: 8416: 8415:War Democrats 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8405:Union Leagues 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8304:Turning point 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274:Naval battles 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8208: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8133: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8037:and memorials 8033: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7897:Commemoration 7895: 7894: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7739:first inquiry 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7659:Carpetbaggers 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7592: 7588: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7082:West Virginia 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7002:New Hampshire 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6962:Massachusetts 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6702:Hampton Roads 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Fort Donelson 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6588:Morgan's Raid 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6533:Anaconda Plan 6531: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6509:Pacific Coast 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6243:Positive good 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6158:Panic of 1857 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6118:Border states 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940:Major battles 5938: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870:Major battles 5868: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5766:Champion Hill 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759:Major battles 5757: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5735:Morgan's Raid 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5681:Prairie Grove 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5651:Island No. 10 5649: 5647: 5646:Fort Donelson 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639:Major battles 5637: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5620:Prairie Grove 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5495: 5493: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5465: 5464: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5329: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5212:Brown's Ferry 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5157:Vaught's Hill 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5056:Fort Donelson 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4949: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4931: 4930:United States 4921: 4920: 4917: 4904: 4896: 4894: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4742:West Virginia 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647:New Hampshire 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4607:Massachusetts 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4211:Foote, Shelby 4208: 4207: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4195:public domain 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4100:Cox, Jacob D. 4097: 4096: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4065: 4053: 4049: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4017: 4013: 4009: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3978:September 14, 3973: 3969: 3962: 3958: 3951:September 14, 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3779: 3768: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3695:9780700606504 3691: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3666:9780809448128 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3569: 3567:0-395-74012-6 3563: 3556: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3224: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3089:, p. 67. 3088: 3083: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3066: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2875:, p. 92. 2874: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2736: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2697: 2692: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2585: 2580: 2578: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2503:, p. 86. 2502: 2498: 2493: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2466: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2447:, p. 86. 2446: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2408:, p. 85. 2407: 2402: 2400: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2349:, p. 83. 2348: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2309:, p. 10. 2308: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2285:, p. 22. 2284: 2279: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2098: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2004: 2003: 1995: 1986: 1976: 1967: 1960: 1954: 1944: 1935: 1925: 1915: 1905: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1729: 1726: 1718: 1715:November 2017 1707: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1676: – 1675: 1671: 1670:Find sources: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1648:This section 1646: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1556:John C. Brown 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1506: 1503: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1335:44th Missouri 1331: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1321:Colonel (COL) 1318: 1307: 1305: 1295: 1275: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193:John C. Brown 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1171:Robert E. Lee 1169: 1165: 1153: 1145: 1140: 1137: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1113: 1108: 1105: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 991: 988: 987: 986: 984: 980: 968: 960: 955: 952: 944: 939: 936: 928: 923: 920: 912: 907: 906: 905: 904: 899: 895: 880: 876: 874: 867: 865: 858: 852: 850: 847: 843: 838: 830: 825: 816: 814: 810: 809:demonstrating 804: 802: 798: 793: 791: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765:U.S. Route 31 760: 756: 754: 750: 747: 737: 734: 729: 726: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701:Harpeth River 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 666: 656: 654: 650: 646: 645:Robert E. Lee 641: 639: 635: 631: 625: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 550: 542: 534: 526: 521: 517: 513: 509: 503: 499: 484: 482: 481:Earl Van Dorn 478: 473: 471: 467: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 440: 439:Major General 437:forces under 436: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 388: 387:Egypt Station 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 342:Second Tilton 340: 338: 335: 334: 331: 326: 316: 311: 309: 304: 302: 297: 296: 293: 285: 281: 275: 270: 267: 264: 263: 258: 255:27,000-31,000 254: 251: 250: 245: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 228: 225: 220: 215: 213: 208: 202: 197: 192: 191: 186: 183: 172: 169: 165: 164:United States 154: 153: 148: 141:Union victory 140: 137: 136: 131: 102: 98: 94: 91: 90: 79: 76: 75: 71: 67: 62: 57: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8554:Bibliography 8537:Other topics 8479:By ethnicity 8447: 8400:Trent Affair 8299:Signal Corps 8156: 7879:White League 7766:Ku Klux Klan 7679:Confederados 7606:Constitution 7478:D. D. Porter 7331:Breckinridge 7042:Rhode Island 7037:Pennsylvania 6792:Spotsylvania 6752:Stones River 6732:2nd Bull Run 6682:1st Bull Run 6568:Stones River 6469:Marine Corps 6436:Marine Corps 6275:Abolitionism 6262: 6215: 5855:Price's Raid 5691:Stones River 5625:Stones River 5610:Iuka-Corinth 5462: 5288:Johnsonville 5232:Fort Sanders 5222:Collierville 5197:Blue Springs 5172:Hoover's Gap 5131:Stones River 5101:Riggins Hill 4707:South Dakota 4697:Rhode Island 4692:Pennsylvania 4672:North Dakota 4386: 4320:Animated map 4319: 4307: 4286:September 8, 4284:. Retrieved 4279: 4248: 4215: 4202: 4201: 4167: 4131: 4104: 4089: 4075:. Retrieved 4069: 4056:. Retrieved 4040:. Retrieved 4035: 4020:. Retrieved 4015: 4000:. Retrieved 3996:the original 3992:civilwar.org 3991: 3976:. Retrieved 3967: 3949:. Retrieved 3945:the original 3936: 3921:. Retrieved 3913: 3897:. Retrieved 3888: 3873:. Retrieved 3864: 3849:. Retrieved 3843: 3812: 3783: 3770:. Retrieved 3755: 3722: 3684: 3651: 3619: 3587: 3571:. 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Battle of Franklin

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