205:
139:
215:
1760:. Khalid stayed behind with the rear of the army. As the army moved forward on the road to Al Hirah, Khalid separated himself from the army and took an unfrequented route to Mecca with a small escort. Khalid reached Mecca in time to perform the Hajj. After performing the pilgrimage secretly and fulfilling his vow, Khalid and his party rode back to Al Hirah. Before the last contingent of the main army from Firaz had entered Hirah, Khalid was also there, as if he had been all the time with the rear guard.
25:
1741:
questioned as the only sources appear to be those derived from accounts of Khalid centuries later. According to Peter
Crawford, Heraclius could not have provided a garrison along the Euphrates of such a scale so that the opposition against Khalid in Firaz numbered tenfold against the Arab force and it is possible the Byzantines at that point would have still seen the Arab incursion as a mere raid against Persian land.
195:
1729:
at Mazar. As the front ranks of both the forces committed themselves in the fighting, Khalid fixed his enemy on either flank with the help of his rear wings. Making a swift movement, the
Muslims dashed for the bridge on the river, and succeeded in occupying it. The enemy was thus held in a pincer movement.
1715:
valley. In this valley, Firaz at the outermost edge of the
Persian Empire still had a Persian garrison. Khalid decided to drive away the Persians from this outpost as well fearing that the Persians would execute a well planned re-invasion of lost territory. He marched to Firaz with a Muslim force and
1728:
Khalid gave the enemy the option to cross the
Euphrates. As soon as the enemy had crossed the Euphrates, Khalid commanded the Muslim force to go into action. The united forces of the Persians and the Byzantines had the river at their back. At Firaz, Khalid adopted the same tactics as he had adopted
1740:
noted that the casualties of the coalition army "must have been great, for tradition places it at the fabulous number of a hundred thousand" as the remaining fleeting soldiers were pursued and cut down by the cavalry of
Rashidun. However, the reliability of the account of this battle has been
1756:, the House of God. After the victory of Firaz, Khalid stayed at Firaz for some days and made the necessary arrangements for the administration of the territory. In January 634, while a garrison was kept at Firaz, orders were issued to the main Muslim army to return to
1847:
1720:, and the garrisons of the Persians as well as the Byzantines were cantoned there. In the face of the Muslims, the Byzantine garrison decided to come to the aid of the Persian garrison.
1752:
At the beginning of the battle of Firaz when the odds appeared to be against the
Muslims, Khalid undertook an oath that if he was victorious, he would undertake pilgrimage (Hajj) to
690:
1010:
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397:
902:
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305:
996:
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632:
89:
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108:
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1530:
1458:
1392:
1357:
926:
75:
2006:"The Battle of Firāḍ: The Day on Which Khālid b. al-Walīd Did [Not] Defeat Both Byzantines and Persians"
1848:"The Battle of Firāḍ: The Day on Which Khālid b. al-Walīd Did [Not] Defeat Both Byzantines and Persians"
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1207:
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57:
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1042:
831:
713:
1716:
arrived there in the first week of
December 633. Firaz was the frontier between the empires of Persia and
1407:
933:
340:
1796:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire:The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
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1362:
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652:
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804:
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35:
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1324:
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1071:
537:
130:
1846:
Takirtakoglou, Konstantinos (2021), Rogers, Clifford J.; France, John; DeVries, Kelly (eds.),
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1141:
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208:
1553:
1403:
1262:
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1121:
1111:
809:
739:
587:
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477:
257:
2036:
1561:
1377:
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248:
668:
2072:
1991:
Tabari, Abu Jaafar, Mohammed bin Jarir, Tarikh ar Rusul wal Mulk, Volume II
1949:
1200:
167:
409:
1979:(Digitized May 19, 2012 ed.). Religious Tract Society. p. 62
988:
1717:
1712:
24:
1757:
1634:
1241:
1997:
The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and
Campaigns
1922:
The War of The Three Gods: Romans, Persian and The Rise of Islam
1753:
194:
1699:. It ended with a Rashidun victory, concluding the first
1711:
By the end of 633, the
Muslims were the masters of the
320:
1749:There is an Islamic legend, which runs as follows:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1901:
2034:
1852:Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume XIX
1790:
1788:
2003:
1845:
1004:
698:
684:
306:
1687:, took place around January 634 between the
16:Part of the early Muslim conquests (633–634)
1785:
1976:The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall
1883:The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall
1011:
997:
691:
677:
313:
299:
1958:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1955:Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2048:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1854:, Boydell & Brewer, pp. 1–20,
1826:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
1018:
2058:Battles involving the Byzantine Empire
2035:
2053:Battles involving the Sasanian Empire
1948:
1812:
1770:
992:
672:
294:
2010:Journal of Medieval Military History
2004:Takirtakoglou, Konstantinos (2021).
1972:
1919:
1907:
1879:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1924:. New York: Skyhorse. p. 107.
1889:. Edinburgh: John Grant. p. 61
1809:Battle of firaz by Fredric p.miller
1680:
13:
2063:Battles of the Arab–Byzantine wars
14:
2094:
1834:History of the Prophets and Kings
1744:
640:Campaigns in Armenia and Anatolia
213:
203:
193:
137:
23:
1798:, (I.B.Tauris, 2008), 201-202.
1691:and the combined armies of the
34:needs additional citations for
2068:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
1913:
1873:
1839:
1803:
1778:Iraq After the Muslim Conquest
272:150,000–300,000 (Arab sources)
1:
1780:, (Gorgias Press, 2005), 225.
1763:
1723:
1706:
153:
2078:630s in the Byzantine Empire
1732:
1701:Arab invasion of Mesopotamia
7:
2043:Battles of Khalid ibn Walid
1830:Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
1408:Nikephoros Phokas the Elder
520:Conquest of Byzantine Syria
450:Conquest of Sasanian Persia
10:
2099:
1942:
1454:George Maniakes in Sicily
1030:
710:
337:
276:
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242:
225:
187:
145:
136:
128:
123:
341:Campaigns under Muhammad
1794:Parvaneh Pourshariati,
1973:Muir, William (1891).
1880:Muir, William (1915).
285:100,000 (Arab sources)
282:Minimal (Arab sources)
226:Commanders and leaders
131:early Muslim conquests
358:Demolition of al-Uzza
277:Casualties and losses
1547:Byzantine reconquest
43:improve this article
2083:7th century in Iran
1776:Michael G. Morony,
1681:مَعْرَكَة الْفِرَاض
1022:Arab–Byzantine wars
628:Conquest of Bahnasa
620:Campaigns in Africa
329:Khalid ibn al-Walid
232:Khalid ibn al-Walid
1836:), Vol. I, p. 2027
1689:Rashidun Caliphate
1449:Straits of Messina
1268:2nd Constantinople
1253:1st Constantinople
398:2nd Dumatul Jandal
199:Rashidun Caliphate
157: January 634
1931:978-1-62914-512-9
1920:Crawford, Peter.
1861:978-1-80010-228-6
1667:
1666:
986:
985:
962:Other geographies
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665:
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183:
182:
119:
118:
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93:
58:"Battle of Firaz"
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1697:Byzantine Empire
1683:) also known as
1682:
1434:Marianos Argyros
1310:Asia Minor (806)
1295:Asia Minor (782)
1284:Border conflicts
1181:Babylon Fortress
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1693:Sasanian Empire
1685:Battle of Firad
1673:Battle of Firaz
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1668:
1663:
1511:Gulf of Corinth
1033:Early conflicts
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1021:
1019:
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982:
968:Northern Persia
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1107:Maraj-al-Debaj
1104:
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1097:Sanita-al-Uqab
1094:
1092:Marj al-Saffar
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855:Central Persia
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828:
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393:Dumatul Jandal
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1965:0-521-41172-6
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1633:Campaigns of
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1615:Campaigns of
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1587:Nikephoros II
1585:Campaigns of
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1578:
1575:
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1570:
1568:
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1564:
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1562:Sayf al-Dawla
1560:Campaigns of
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1465:Naval warfare
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1432:Campaigns of
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1429:
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1405:
1402:Campaigns of
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2030:
2013:
2009:
1999:Lahore, 1969
1996:
1995:A.I. Akram,
1981:. Retrieved
1975:
1954:
1921:
1915:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1882:
1875:
1865:, retrieved
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1672:
1669:
1622:Alexandretta
1546:
1545:
1526:Thessalonica
1464:
1463:
1439:2nd Taormina
1423:1st Taormina
1393:3rd Syracuse
1383:2nd Syracuse
1358:1st Syracuse
1345:
1344:
1325:Mauropotamos
1283:
1282:
1258:Sebastopolis
1240:
1239:
1208:North Africa
1206:
1205:
1167:
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1072:al-Qaryatayn
1058:
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543:Al-Uqab Pass
538:al-Qaryatayn
527:
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512:
448:
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407:
339:
188:Belligerents
129:Part of the
105:
99:January 2024
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1418:2nd Milazzo
1413:1st Milazzo
1398:Caltavuturo
1340:Bathys Ryax
1152:Iron Bridge
1117:Marj ar-Rum
844:Gundishapur
815:2nd Babylon
780:1st Babylon
750:Ayn al-Tamr
714:Mesopotamia
648:Iron Bridge
583:Marj ar-Rum
488:Ayn al-Tamr
348:Hudaybiyyah
168:Mesopotamia
2037:Categories
1983:18 October
1893:August 21,
1867:2024-06-16
1764:References
1724:Engagement
1707:Background
1645:2nd Aleppo
1516:Cephalonia
1428:Garigliano
1330:Faruriyyah
1300:Kopidnadon
1186:Alexandria
1176:Heliopolis
1162:Germanicia
1147:1st Aleppo
1067:Marj Rahit
1060:The Levant
941:Oxus River
888:Azerbaijan
658:Germanicia
533:Marj Rahit
410:Ridda Wars
170:(now Iraq)
69:newspapers
1908:Muir 1891
1733:Aftermath
1718:Byzantium
1713:Euphrates
1592:5th Crete
1577:Andrassos
1536:4th Crete
1531:3rd Crete
1486:2nd Crete
1481:1st Crete
1459:2nd Malta
1388:1st Malta
1196:Darishkur
1157:2nd Emesa
1137:Jerusalem
832:Khuzestan
820:Ctesiphon
703:of Persia
633:Cyrenaica
603:2nd Emesa
598:Jerusalem
323:Campaigns
2016:: 1–20.
1952:(1995).
1758:Al-Hirah
1695:and the
1635:Basil II
1496:Damietta
1476:Keramaia
1335:Lalakaon
1278:Akroinon
1242:Anatolia
1230:Carthage
1215:Sufetula
1132:Laodicea
1102:Damascus
1082:Ajnadayn
978:Sakastan
946:Nishapur
934:Khorasan
922:Bishapur
882:Caucasus
871:Waj Rudh
861:Nahavand
839:Shushtar
760:Muzayyah
745:Al-Anbar
568:Damascus
553:Ajnadayn
498:Muzayyah
483:Al-Anbar
264:Strength
163:Location
1943:Sources
1640:Orontes
1607:Antioch
1602:Cilicia
1521:Euripos
1471:Phoenix
1444:Rometta
1373:Lentini
1363:Messina
1320:Amorium
1290:Kamacha
1235:Tabarka
1220:Vescera
1201:Bahnasa
1127:Yarmouk
956:Badghis
927:Estakhr
908:Derbent
898:Albania
893:Armenia
849:Bayrudh
785:Namaraq
653:Armenia
593:Yarmouk
418:Buzakha
269:~15,000
83:scholar
2020:
1962:
1928:
1858:
1677:Arabic
1650:Apamea
1617:John I
1597:Aleppo
1567:Marash
1506:Kardia
1501:Ragusa
1491:Thasos
1406:&
1368:Butera
1347:Sicily
1305:Krasos
1273:Nicaea
1244:&
1191:Nikiou
1087:Yaqusa
1053:Dathin
1038:Mu'tah
973:Kerman
903:Iberia
866:Spahan
825:Jalula
800:Buwaib
795:Bridge
790:Kaskar
770:Zumail
765:Saniyy
755:Husayd
735:Ullais
730:Walaja
720:Chains
613:Aleppo
558:Yaqusa
508:Zumail
503:Saniyy
493:Husayd
473:Ullais
468:Walaja
458:Chains
428:Yamama
423:Ghamra
403:Najran
373:Hunayn
353:Mu'tah
176:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1887:(PDF)
1754:Mecca
1627:Syria
1572:Raban
1315:Anzen
1263:Tyana
1225:Mamma
1169:Egypt
1142:Hazir
1122:Emesa
1077:Bosra
1048:Firaz
1043:Balqa
951:Herat
775:Firaz
725:River
608:Hazir
588:Emesa
548:Bosra
528:Firaz
513:Firaz
463:River
443:Naqra
433:Zafar
388:Tabuk
378:Mecca
368:Ta'if
90:JSTOR
76:books
2018:ISBN
1985:2021
1960:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1895:2024
1856:ISBN
1671:The
1659:Azaz
1541:Tyre
1378:Enna
1349:and
1112:Fahl
915:Pars
810:Burs
740:Hira
578:Fahl
478:Hira
150:Date
62:news
2073:634
876:Ray
325:of
45:by
2039::
2014:19
2012:.
2008:.
1850:,
1828:,
1814:^
1787:^
1703:.
1679::
154:c.
2026:.
1987:.
1968:.
1934:.
1897:.
1832:(
1675:(
1012:e
1005:t
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692:e
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678:v
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112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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