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had rusted in its scabbard and he was unable to dislodge it. Undaunted, he unbuckled the sword from his belt and waved it, scabbard and all, over his head. He then grabbed a battle flag from a retreating standard bearer and yelled at his men to rally around him. The rallied troops joined with advancing reinforcements from Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's division to blunt
Crawford's advance. Meanwhile, having learned of the collapse of Garnett's position and the rout of the 27th Virginia, Col. Ronald ordered the Stonewall Brigade's remaining four regiments to wheel to the right, bringing their battle line into the western end of the wheat field in Crawford's rear. Under pressure in their front from fresh troops of Brig. Gen.
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moment of the battle and the fortuitous arrival of Hill staved off defeat, eventually allowing their numerical superiority to drive the
Federals from the field. For his part, Banks, having been soundly defeated by Jackson in the valley, was anxious to make up for previous losses. Rather than fighting a defensive battle from a strong position because he was outnumbered two to one, giving time for the rest of Pope's army to arrive, he decided to take the initiative and attack Jackson before he could fully form his lines. The bold move very nearly paid off, but in the end he was again defeated by his old foe.
845:. The advancing Confederates “blazed a withering volley into the faces of our men on the right,” recalled one of the Indiana soldiers. “Following the volley they charged literally into the midst of and, at the point of the bayonet, demanded their surrender.” Gordon's line was quickly rolled up from right to left and his men streamed for the rear. Meanwhile, Jackson had ordered Ewell to advance as well. Ewell, having difficulty silencing his guns, was delayed, but the Union left began to waver at the sight of Crawford's retreat and were finally broken by a charge down Cedar Mountain by Brig. Gen.
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only progressed 8 miles (13 km) by the evening of August 8. The
Federal Cavalry, though easily dispatched by Robertson, quickly returned to Pope and alerted him of the Confederate advance. In response, Pope ordered Sigel to Culpeper Court House to reinforce Banks, and Banks was ordered to maintain a defensive line on a ridge above Cedar Run, 7 miles (11 km) south of Culpeper Court House.
769:, from his own brigade, to help support Garnett's left, but they too were rapidly forced to withdraw. Unaware of the disaster to his right, Col. Ronald ordered the Stonewall Brigade forward in the bushy field, routing the vastly outnumbered 3rd Wisconsin in a matter of minutes. About to pursue the retreating Federals, Ronald suddenly learned the right flank of his brigade, held by the
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William
Taliaferro, who was completely ignorant of Jackson's battle plan. Dispositions on his part of the field were still incomplete; Garnett's brigade was isolated from the main Confederate line, with its flank dangerously exposed to the woods. The Stonewall Brigade was to have come up to support them, but remained a half mile distant behind the artillery.
753:, advanced on Crawford's right flank through an overgrown bushy field just west of the wheat field. Crawford's assault rapidly crossed the wheat field while the attention of Garnett's men was occupied by Geary and Prince's attack on the Confederate right. The Federals crashed into the woods directly into the flank of the
685:) on the high ground on the opposite bank of Cedar Run. As the rest of Ewell's division arrived they formed on Early's right, anchored against the northern slope of the mountain and deployed their six guns on its ridge. Winder's division formed to Early's left, on the west side of the Turnpike, with Brig. Gen.
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halted Pope’s advance on
Gordonsville thereby surrendering initiative to Lee. With Pope now on the defensive, Lee could unleash his forces more broadly upon Pope. Finally, receiving news that all of Pope's army had arrived at Culpeper Court House, on August 12, Jackson fell back on Gordonsville to a
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At this dire point, Gen. Jackson rode to that part of the field to rally the men and came upon members of the 27th
Virginia, part of what had once been his old brigade. Intending to inspire the troops there, he attempted to brandish his sword; however, due to the infrequency with which he drew it, it
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Due to Banks' effective artillery fire, many
Southerners were still struggling to get into position when Banks sent his infantry forward. He led off with General Christopher Augur’s division, which launched an attack through the fields east of the Culpeper Road. Geary and Prince were sent against the
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fell mortally wounded. He had been ill that day and was taken onto the field in an ambulance wagon. While attempting to direct his troops, he was struck by a shell fragment. Winder's left arm and side were torn to pieces, and he died a few hours later. As a result, command of the division devolved on
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As stated above, Virginia was in the middle of an August heat wave. By 14:00, it was 98 °F (36.7 °C) and fighting did not commence until 15:30, the peak of the day's heat. Early in the contest, Jackson's army's movements were greatly hindered by this heat. The initial action consisted of a
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Most of the already preserved land sits near the intersection of
Virginia State Routes 15 and 657 (the latter of which is known as General Winder Road). It includes the area where Crittenden Gate once stood, along with the wheat field in which some of the bloodiest fighting of the battle took place.
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Weather and poor communication with his divisional commanders had robbed
Jackson of the initiative in the fight. Still expecting to face the same cautious opponent from the valley, he was taken by surprise and very nearly driven from the field. Excellent commanding by the Confederates at the crucial
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conducted her first field work after the battle. While she cared for wounded soldiers in
Washington, D.C., and on the battlefield after the First Bull Run, the Department of the Army only authorized her to visit the front lines on August 3, 1862. After her arrival on August 13, Barton spent two days
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Losses were high in the battle: Union casualties of 2,353 (314 killed, 1,445 wounded, 594 missing), Confederate 1,338 (231 killed, 1,107 wounded). Crawford's brigade had lost over 50% of its total strength, including most of its officers. Prince's and Geary's brigades suffered 30–40% casualty rates.
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Despite bringing up Greene's reserve brigade in support, by 19:45 the Union line was in full retreat. In a last-ditch effort to help cover his infantry's retreat, Banks sent two squadrons of cavalry at the Confederate line. They were met with a devastating volley from the Confederate infantry posted
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A photograph showing Cedar Mountain in the distance. This photograph was taken from near the location of Pope's headquarters, located in the center-left of the union line. In the late stages of the battle, Ewell's division formed on the slopes of the mountain and attacked towards the location of the
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Augur sent his first two brigades in two massive lines forward through a thick cornfield. Rebel batteries on his left on the slope of Cedar Mountain across the South Branch of Cedar Run opened up with solid shot into the blue ranks in the corn. The firing intensified as they neared the Confederates'
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Jackson's march on Culpeper Court House was hindered by the severe heat wave over Virginia at the beginning of August, as well as by his characteristic secrecy about his plan, which caused confusion among his divisional commanders as to the exact route of advance. As such, the head of his column had
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With the Union right flank disintegrating, Gordon was ordered to advance his brigade, including the now-reformed elements of the 3rd Wisconsin routed earlier during the fight in the bushy field with the Stonewall Brigade. Establishing their position line along the tree line on the northern edge of
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In response to this threat, Jackson chose to go on the offensive, attacking Pope's vanguard under Banks, before the entire Army of Virginia could be brought to bear on his position at Gordonsville. After defeating Banks, he then hoped to move on Culpeper Court House, 26 miles (42 km) north of
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line. The artillery kept up a galling fire. A small depression and a split-rail fence shielded Early's men, and the Federals, fighting without much cover save for that offered by the cornstalks, were getting the worst of the shooting match including Augur himself who received a wound in the foot.
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Banks, still smarting from defeat by Jackson in the Valley, was anxious for revenge. Instead of fighting a defensive battle to buy time for the rest of the army's arrival, he planned to take the initiative and attack Jackson before he could fully form his lines despite being outnumbered 2 to 1.
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hotly pursued the retreating Federals, nearly capturing Banks and Pope, who were at their headquarters a mile behind the Federal line. After a mile-and-a-half of pursuit, Jackson grew wary as darkness set in, as he was unsure of the location of the rest of Pope's army. Finally, several Union
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The Trust preserved a 152 acres (62 ha) plot of land there in 1998, added two more to that total twelve years later and ten more by 2013. A local organization known as the Friends of Cedar Mountain Battlefield proved instrumental to implementing these preservation efforts.
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The ten acres saved in 2012 are close to Crittenden Gate site and included the area of the battlefield where General Winder was mortally wounded, along with the locations of Jackson's command post and his desperate effort to rally Confederate troops at the climax of the battle.
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nearly two-hour artillery duel with neither side gaining a clear advantage. Some artillerymen suffered heat stroke as they frenetically fired their guns. The effective Federal artillery fire plunging around the Crittenden Gate had severely disrupted the Confederate deployment.
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Early's stabilizing presence and the raking fire of the Confederate guns halted the Union advance on the Confederate right. On the left Crawford attacked Winder's division, sending three of his regiments directly across the wheat field while six companies of the
829:, to hold off the Confederates long enough for the rest of the brigade to withdraw. Standing alone against elements of three Confederate brigades, the 461 man regiment lost 179 men in a fight that some survivors claimed lasted as little as five minutes.
773:, had fled when they discovered Crawford's men in the woods to their right and rear. Jackson ordered the batteries withdrawn before they could be captured, but Taliaferro and Early's left were hit hard by the Crawford's advance and threatened to break.
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infantrymen captured by the 7th Virginia Cavalry informed the Confederates that Pope was bringing Sigel forward to reinforce Banks. Accordingly, Jackson called off the pursuit, and by around 22:00, the fighting had ceased. By this point, Brig. Gen.
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For two days, Jackson maintained his position south of Cedar Run on the western slope of the mountain, waiting for a Federal attack that did not come. Lest further setbacks with Jackson on the loose, wreaking havoc, Union General-in-Chief
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585:. Accordingly, Jackson set out on August 7 for Culpeper. As in his campaign in the Shenandoah in the spring, Jackson would maneuver nimbly enough to gain local numerical superiority in the coming action. The cavalry under Brig. Gen.
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until they found themselves in Taliaferro's and the artillery's rear. Just as Crawford's assault had begun, the Stonewall Brigade had come up on Garnett's left and formed their line along the southern end of the bushy field.
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Gordonsville and the focal point of the Union arc about Northern Virginia, to keep Pope's army from uniting. This would allow Jackson to fight and hopefully defeat each of the Union Corps separately, as he had done during the
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Jackson wrote "... which opened with marked effect upon the enemy’s batteries. For some two hours a rapid, and continuous fire of artillery was kept up on both sides. Our batteries were well served and damaged the enemy
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This was Latimer's Virginia Battery of Ewell's Division which had moved with his two remaining brigades – Trimble’s and Forno’s, along the western slope of Cedar Mountain upon an elevated spot, about 200 feet above the
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could reinforce them. On August 6, Pope marched his forces south into Culpeper County with the objective of capturing the rail junction at Gordonsville, in an attempt to draw Confederate attention away from Maj. Gen.
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Early brought up his guns and an artillery duel began between the opposing forces as Early's infantry formed a line on the eastern side of the Culpeper-Orange Turnpike (which ran roughly parallel to present-day
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Confederate right. The Federal advance was swift and threatened to break the Confederate line, prompting Early to come galloping to the front from Cedar Mountain where he was directing troop dispositions.
689:'s brigade closest to Early, and Col. Thomas S. Garnett's on the far Confederate left in a wheat field at the edge of a woods. Winder's artillery filled a gap on the road between the two divisions. The
472:. After nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle, a Confederate counterattack broke the Union lines resulting in a Confederate victory. The battle was the first combat of the
825:. “It was as if the men had deliberately walked into a fiery furnace and I only wonder how many escaped from certain death upon that field.” Crawford ordered his final reserve regiment, the
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693:, led by Col. Charles R. Ronald, was brought up in support behind the guns. A.P Hill's division, still marching up the Turnpike, was ordered to stand in reserve on the Confederate left.
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resulted in the capture of large numbers of Federals, as well as three Union battle flags. "Pen and thought combined cannot do this subject justice,” recalled a captain in the
817:'s brigade and with the Stonewall Brigade about to cut them off from the rest of the Union army, Crawford's men began streaming back through the wheat field. An advance by the
2275:. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XII–XXIV-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
2090:. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. II. New York:
2060:. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. I. New York:
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and its partners have acquired and preserved 629 acres (255 ha) of the battlefield as of mid-2023. This includes the acquisition of about 45 acres in July 2022.
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757:, who under the pressure from attack on two fronts broke for the rear. The Federals pushed on, not waiting to reform their lines, rolling through the outflanked
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the wheat field, Gordon's three regiments held against attacks by the Stonewall Brigade, Branch's Brigade, and additional reinforcements under Brig. Gen.
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A gap, however, still remained between the Stonewall Brigade and Garnett's Brigade and Crawford's men streamed through the gap. Taliaferro had sent the
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This battle would be A.P. Hill's first time under the Jackson's command, and the personality clash between them would only end when Jackson was killed.
669:'s brigade, the vanguard of Ewell's division, came upon Federal cavalry and artillery occupying the ridge above Cedar Run, just to the north-west of
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724:'s brigade was anchored on the Turnpike opposing Taliaferro, while Brig. Gen Henry Prince's brigade formed the far left opposite Ewell. Brig. Gen.
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Operational Leadership Once Beyond the Culminating Point: Perspectives on Calculated Tactical Risk to Achieve Operational Success
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Gordon's and Crawford's Brigades driving the Confederate forces from the woods at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862.
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2300:. The Union Army, 1861–1865: Organization and Operations. Vol. 1. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 1084.
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2648:. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
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The King of Louisiana, 1862–1865, and Other Government Work: A Biography of Major General Nathaniel Prentice Banks
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1473:– Report of LTGEN T. J. Jackson, Commander, Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, April 4, 1863, pp. 181–185
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more defensive position behind the Rapidan River. The battle effectively shifted fighting in Virginia from the
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Both generals were wounded, and Prince was also captured. Brig. Gen. Winder was mortally wounded by a shell.
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behind a fence on the road, allowing only 71 of 174 to escape. The Confederate infantry and Brig. Gen
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1852:(1993 R. Bemis Pub. ed.). Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 384.
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Engraving of the Battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, from a sketch by Alfred R. Waud
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871:'s division of McDowell's corps was arriving, which effectively covered Banks's retreat.
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and nights on the battlefield tending to the wounded, including Confederate prisoners.
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Before leadership could properly be restored to the division the Union attack began.
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A little before 17:00, as the artillery fight began to wane, Confederate Brig. Gen.
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1384:– Report of MAJ Davis Tillson, Chief of Artillery, Second Division, August 14, 1862
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Cedar Mountain was the only battle in which Stonewall Jackson ever drew his sword.
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Emberton, Keith D., MAJ USA (1996). Joint Military Operations Department (ed.).
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728:'s understrength brigade (only two regiments) was kept in reserve in the rear.
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on July 13. Jackson was later reinforced with another 10,000 men by Maj. Gen.
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2191:. Oxford History of the United States. Oxford University Press. p. 904.
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Loosbrock, Richard D. (2000). Heidler, David S.; Heidler, Jeanne T. (eds.).
2332:(Praeger Illustrated ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 288.
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The Twenty-Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion
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was sent ahead to dispatch the Federal cavalry guarding the fords of the
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A Brief History of the Twenty-Eighth Regiment New York State Volunteers
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The Federals formed a line on a ridge above Cedar Run, with Brig. Gen.
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1699:"ABT Announces 45 More Acres Preserved on Cedar Mountain Battlefield,"
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Winder was killed by a gun in Hall's 2nd Maine Light Artillery Battery
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Culpeper (Va.) Star-Exponent, March 27, 2023. accessed May 17, 2023.
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TSB Its Ancient Reputation: The Stonewall Brigade at Cedar Mountain
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2034:. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 648.
2559:"Its Ancient Reputation: The Stonewall Brigade at Cedar Mountain"
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2134:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 488.
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513:, its center, under Maj. Gen Nathaniel P. Banks, was located at
2084:(1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.).
2054:(1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.).
1924:. Alexandria, VA: United States Naval War College. p. 28.
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McDonald, William Naylor (1907). Bushrod C. Washington (ed.).
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Map of Cedar Mountain Battlefield core and study areas by the
2505:. Friends of Cedar Mountain Battlefield. 2012. Archived from
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camera, in the unionist center, and routed the union army.
2697:: Local group helping to manage a Civil War Trust property
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1813:. Monticello, IN: The Matthews-Northrup Co. p. 640.
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Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
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On the morning of August 9, Jackson's army crossed the
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How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War
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The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
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2621:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 762.
2166:. Baltimore, MD: Mrs, Kate S. McDonald. p. 586.
1791:. Buffalo, NY: The Matthews-Northrup Co. p. 38.
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2226:. London: Prentice Hall International. p. 950.
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Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend
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2459:"Battle-field of Cedar Mountain, August 9th, 1862"
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1453:ABT Battle-field of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862
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2251:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide
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549:responded to Pope's dispositions by dispatching
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2726:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
1723:ABT Civil War Trust - Save Cedar Mountain, 2012
494:was placed in command of the newly constituted
2687:: Battle maps, photos, and preservation news (
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2405:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
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2736:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
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2113:(2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
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2445:. American Battlefield Trust. August 8, 2013
2425:. American Battlefield Trust. August 2, 2012
2028:Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War
1957:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1328:ABT Cedar Mountain Battle Facts and Summary
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2376:"Cedar Mountain Battle Facts and Summary"
2326:Civil War Generalship: The Art of Command
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1999:. London: Salamander Books. p. 255.
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2615:Hattaway, Herman; Jones, Archer (1983).
2588:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
2185:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
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2253:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
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16:1862 battle of the American Civil War
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1311:FoCM - Accomplishments to Date, 2012
980:Geary's 1st Brigade was made of the
661:'s division, followed by Brig. Gen.
79:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
2131:Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain
1049:These were COL George D. Chapman's
517:and its left flank under Maj. Gen.
426:, took place on August 9, 1862, in
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1972:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
1892:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1636:Battles and Leader, vol. II (1887)
1340:ABT Saved Land & Opportunities
1270:Battles and Leader, vol. II (1887)
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468:to forestall a Union advance into
320:Location of the battle in Virginia
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2107:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998).
1969:West Point Atlas of American Wars
1254:Battles and Leader, vol. I (1887)
707:
2594:. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.
2356:"Saved Land & Opportunities"
2023:Henderson, George Francis Robert
793:
306:
299:
241:
231:
214:
204:
185:
167:
71:
58:(Battle of Slaughter's Mountain)
2160:A History of the Laurel Brigade
2110:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1692:
1665:
1068:
1043:
1033:
1023:
974:
965:
755:1st Virginia Infantry Battalion
731:
464:as the Confederates marched on
2741:1862 in the American Civil War
956:
841:smashed into the flank of the
624:
1:
1966:Esposito, Vincent J. (1959).
1755:
1747:NPS CWSAC Report Update, 2012
649:Sketch of Battle of Cedar Run
554:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
479:
458:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
2678:The Battle of Cedar Mountain
2670:Battle of Cedar Mountain in
2465:. American Battlefield Trust
2362:. American Battlefield Trust
1673:"Cedar Mountain Battlefield"
1178:ABT 10 Facts: Cedar Mountain
1129:ABT Battle of Cedar Mountain
1080:
950:
874:
7:
938:
631:Confederate order of battle
10:
2762:
2716:Northern Virginia campaign
2585:Dyer, Frederick H (1908).
2543:U.S. National Park Service
2523:U.S. National Park Service
2503:friendsofcedarmountain.org
2419:"10 Facts: Cedar Mountain"
2399:"Battle of Cedar Mountain"
2384:American Battlefield Trust
2296:Welcher, Frank J. (1989).
2128:Krick, Robert K. (2002) .
1763:Banks, Raymond H. (2005).
1678:American Battlefield Trust
945:Culpeper National Cemetery
925:American Battlefield Trust
628:
617:
486:Northern Virginia Campaign
483:
474:Northern Virginia campaign
363:Northern Virginia Campaign
2557:Williams, Austin (2021).
2499:"Accomplishments to Date"
2323:Wood, William J. (1997).
2078:Johnson, Robert Underwood
2048:Johnson, Robert Underwood
1769:. Las Vegas: R.H. Banks.
1382:, pp. 171–172,
1116:, pp. 425, 432, 465.
785:Confederate counterattack
635:
536:'s brigade and Brig. Gen
529:. Part of Banks's corps,
371:
294:
265:
252:
247:Army of Northern Virginia
225:
198:
160:
109:Culpeper County, Virginia
84:
70:
62:
55:
2646:Battle of Brandy Station
2249:Salmon, John S. (2001).
2087:The Struggle Intensifies
1634:The Struggle Intensifies
1441:ABT Jackson Is With You!
1268:The Struggle Intensifies
1053:, COL Dudley Donnelly's
908:Battlefield preservation
900:into northern Virginia.
613:
416:Battle of Cedar Mountain
381:1st Rappahannock Station
92:August 9, 1862
56:Battle of Cedar Mountain
2281:2027/coo.31924077728222
2215:Robertson, James I. Jr.
1997:The Civil War: Virginia
1995:Hearn, Chester (2005).
1782:Boyce, Charles (1896).
815:Lawrence O'Bryan Branch
573:'s withdrawal from the
2545:. 2012. Archived from
2525:. 2012. Archived from
2489:. 2012. Archived from
2439:"Jackson Is With You!"
920:
781:
650:
490:On June 26, Maj. Gen.
199:Commanders and leaders
2683:June 9, 2015, at the
2672:Encyclopedia Virginia
2563:The Stonewall Brigade
2535:"CWSAC Report Update"
2479:"Save Cedar Mountain"
2082:Buel, Clarence Clough
2052:Buel, Clarence Clough
1939:on September 28, 2012
1884:McPherson, James Alan
1846:I Rode with Stonewall
915:
779:
648:
629:Further information:
620:Union order of battle
618:Further information:
484:Further information:
266:Casualties and losses
2493:on January 18, 2013.
2463:www.battlefields.org
2443:www.battlefields.org
2423:www.battlefields.org
2403:www.battlefields.org
2380:www.battlefields.org
2360:www.battlefields.org
1632:Johnson & Buel,
1559:, pp. 531–533;
1266:Johnson & Buel,
1250:Johnson & Buel,
864:7th Virginia Cavalry
718:Christopher C. Augur
641:Confederate position
511:Blue Ridge Mountains
505:, was positioned at
466:Culpeper Court House
420:Slaughter's Mountain
317:class=notpageimage|
2509:on August 12, 2012.
2298:The Eastern Theater
2269:U.S. War Department
2180:McPherson, James M.
2092:The Century Company
2062:The Century Company
2057:The Opening Battles
1880:McPherson, James M.
1563:, pp. 134–135.
1409:, pp. 408–409.
1272:, pp. 308–310.
1252:The Opening Battles
1240:, pp. 405–407.
1143:, pp. 125–126.
1016:regiments, and the
853:Confederate pursuit
751:George Henry Gordon
595:Madison Court House
571:George B. McClellan
566:Army of the Potomac
556:with 14,000 men to
126: /
37:38.4014°N 78.0658°W
33: /
2746:August 1862 events
1841:Douglas, Henry Kyd
1735:NPS Cedar Mountain
1713:, p. 105-107.
1014:8th US US Infantry
1010:111th Pennsylvania
1006:109th Pennsylvania
994:66th Ohioregiments
921:
898:Virginia Peninsula
782:
714:Samuel W. Crawford
687:William Taliaferro
651:
575:Virginia Peninsula
534:Samuel W. Crawford
527:Rappahannock River
447:Nathaniel P. Banks
436:American Civil War
210:Nathaniel P. Banks
65:American Civil War
2552:on July 14, 2012.
2529:on July 14, 2012.
1063:46th Pennsylvania
839:William D. Pender
698:Charles S. Winder
691:Stonewall Brigade
663:Charles S. Winder
587:Beverly Robertson
515:Little Washington
434:, as part of the
409:
408:
328:
327:
220:Stonewall Jackson
193:CSA (Confederacy)
156:
155:
42:38.4014; -78.0658
2753:
2711:1862 in Virginia
2659:
2640:
2611:
2593:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2551:
2530:
2515:"Cedar Mountain"
2510:
2494:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2351:
2331:
2319:
2292:
2264:
2245:
2225:
2210:
2190:
2175:
2165:
2153:
2124:
2103:
2073:
2043:
2033:
2018:
1991:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1932:. Archived from
1923:
1911:
1876:Eicher, David J.
1871:
1851:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1812:
1800:
1790:
1778:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1648:Henderson (1898)
1645:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1573:Henderson (1898)
1570:
1564:
1557:Robertson (1997)
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1475:
1467:Official Records
1465:U.S. War Dept.,
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1407:Henderson (1898)
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1378:Official Records
1376:U.S. War Dept.,
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1352:Henderson (1898)
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1282:McPherson (1988)
1279:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1238:Henderson (1898)
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1214:Henderson (1898)
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1190:Henderson (1898)
1187:
1181:
1175:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:12th US Infantry
978:
972:
969:
963:
960:
860:William E. Jones
847:Isaac R. Trimble
797:
726:George S. Greene
659:Richard S. Ewell
499:Army of Virginia
470:central Virginia
418:, also known as
391:Thoroughfare Gap
386:Manassas Station
366:
364:
354:
347:
340:
331:
330:
310:
309:
303:
245:
237:Army of Virginia
235:
218:
208:
191:
189:
188:
173:
171:
170:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
99:
97:
86:
85:
75:
53:
52:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2701:
2700:
2689:Civil War Trust
2685:Wayback Machine
2666:
2656:
2629:
2591:
2581:
2579:Further reading
2576:
2567:
2565:
2549:
2487:Civil War Trust
2468:
2466:
2448:
2446:
2428:
2426:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2386:
2365:
2363:
2340:
2329:
2308:
2261:
2234:
2223:
2199:
2188:
2163:
2142:
2121:
2094:. p. 786.
2064:. p. 784.
2031:
2007:
1980:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1921:
1900:
1860:
1849:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1788:
1758:
1753:
1745:
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1733:
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1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
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1671:
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1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1604:McDonald (1907)
1602:, p. 465;
1598:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1521:Emberton (1996)
1519:, p. 128;
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1478:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1428:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1294:Esposito (1959)
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1226:McDonald (1907)
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1159:
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1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1051:5th Connecticut
1048:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1024:
979:
975:
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
941:
910:
877:
855:
823:5th Connecticut
810:
809:
808:
805:
800:
799:
798:
787:
734:
710:
643:
638:
633:
627:
622:
616:
611:
609:Opposing forces
583:Valley Campaign
488:
482:
428:Culpeper County
412:
411:
410:
405:
367:
362:
360:
358:
324:
323:
322:
321:
319:
313:
312:
311:
289:
287:
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186:
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166:
134:
132:
130:38.40°N 78.07°W
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2675:
2665:
2664:External links
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1711:Kennedy (1998)
1703:
1691:
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1662:, p. 526.
1652:
1650:, p. 414.
1640:
1638:, p. 454.
1624:
1612:
1610:, p. 919.
1608:Welcher (1989)
1606:, p. 81;
1592:
1590:, p. 135.
1577:
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1565:
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1537:
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1022:
1002:102nd New York
973:
964:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
940:
937:
909:
906:
876:
873:
869:James Ricketts
854:
851:
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801:
792:
791:
790:
789:
788:
786:
783:
733:
730:
709:
708:Union position
706:
671:Cedar Mountain
642:
639:
637:
634:
626:
623:
615:
612:
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607:
593:and occupying
519:Irvin McDowell
481:
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1588:Salmon (2001)
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1561:Salmon (2001)
1558:
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1234:
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1202:Salmon (2001)
1198:
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1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
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1162:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1141:Salmon (2001)
1137:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1110:
1104:, p. 98.
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:28th New York
1052:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
977:
968:
959:
955:
946:
943:
942:
936:
932:
928:
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551:Major General
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2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2547:the original
2538:
2527:the original
2518:
2507:the original
2502:
2491:the original
2483:civilwar.org
2482:
2467:. Retrieved
2462:
2447:. Retrieved
2442:
2427:. Retrieved
2422:
2407:. Retrieved
2402:
2387:. Retrieved
2379:
2366:November 30,
2364:. Retrieved
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1941:. Retrieved
1934:the original
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1682:. Retrieved
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1600:Banks (2005)
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1545:Brown (1899)
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1533:Boyce (1896)
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1395:Krick (2002)
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1114:Banks (2005)
1109:
1102:Hearn (2005)
1070:
1059:Joseph Knipe
1045:
1035:
1025:
998:3rd Maryland
976:
967:
958:
933:
929:
922:
902:
889:
884:Clara Barton
882:
878:
856:
849:'s brigade.
843:27th Indiana
835:James Archer
831:
819:5th Virginia
811:
764:
743:
739:
735:
732:Union attack
711:
703:
695:
679:
675:
652:
603:
599:
579:
558:Gordonsville
542:
489:
423:
419:
415:
413:
396:2nd Bull Run
375:
283:
271:
161:Belligerents
63:Part of the
18:
2568:November 6,
1943:December 2,
1620:Wood (1997)
1469:, Vol. 12/2
1380:, Vol. 12/2
1040:seriously."
667:Jubal Early
625:Confederate
507:Sperryville
503:Franz Sigel
451:Confederate
288:231 killed
280:594 missing
276:314 killed
150:Confederate
133: /
40: /
2705:Categories
2655:039304758X
2600:B01BUFJ76Q
2469:October 8,
2449:October 8,
2429:October 8,
2409:October 8,
2348:1193365637
2260:0811728684
2242:1151321680
2172:1048208291
2150:1098593981
2120:0395740126
2040:1085324715
1899:0743218469
1819:1158054801
1797:1151321680
1756:References
1057:, and COL
1020:Battalion.
992:, and the
827:10th Maine
531:Brig. Gen.
480:Background
96:1862-08-09
28:78°03′57″W
25:38°24′05″N
2637:924976443
2316:799063447
1953:cite book
1908:892938160
1827:cite book
1081:Citations
990:29th Ohio
951:Footnotes
875:Aftermath
562:A.P. Hill
492:John Pope
455:Maj. Gen.
449:attacked
444:Maj. Gen.
424:Cedar Run
401:Chantilly
2681:Archived
2271:(1885).
2217:(1997).
2182:(1988).
2100:48764702
2070:48764702
2025:(1898).
2015:62197663
1988:60298522
1930:38196522
1886:(2001).
1843:(1940).
1775:63270945
986:7th Ohio
982:5th Ohio
939:See also
523:Falmouth
432:Virginia
253:Strength
104:Location
2608:8697590
2539:nps.gov
2519:nps.gov
2389:May 29,
2207:7577667
1868:6619133
1684:May 17,
1030:valley.
544:General
525:on the
521:was at
509:on the
286:total:
274:total:
152:victory
121:78°04′W
118:38°24′N
94: (
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2013:
2003:
1986:
1976:
1928:
1906:
1896:
1866:
1856:
1817:
1795:
1773:
1298:Map 56
1012:, the
1008:, the
1004:, the
1000:, the
988:, the
984:, the
636:Battle
261:16,868
190:
172:
146:Result
2592:(PDF)
2550:(PDF)
2330:(PDF)
2224:(PDF)
2189:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2032:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1922:(PDF)
1850:(PDF)
1811:(PDF)
1789:(PDF)
614:Union
496:Union
460:near
440:Union
284:1,338
272:2,353
258:8,030
179:Union
2650:ISBN
2633:OCLC
2623:ISBN
2604:OCLC
2596:ASIN
2570:2021
2471:2022
2451:2022
2431:2022
2411:2022
2391:2018
2368:2021
2344:OCLC
2334:ISBN
2312:OCLC
2302:ISBN
2285:OCLC
2255:ISBN
2238:OCLC
2228:ISBN
2203:OCLC
2193:ISBN
2168:OCLC
2146:OCLC
2136:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2096:OCLC
2066:OCLC
2036:OCLC
2011:OCLC
2001:ISBN
1984:OCLC
1974:ISBN
1959:link
1945:2020
1926:OCLC
1904:OCLC
1894:ISBN
1864:OCLC
1854:ISBN
1833:link
1815:OCLC
1793:OCLC
1771:OCLC
1686:2023
923:The
414:The
89:Date
2277:hdl
1061:'s
862:'s
422:or
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