173:
206:
122:
134:
213:
180:
390:. They eagerly assisted feudal lords in the Balkans in their wars among themselves, increasing and exploiting discord and purposely weakening Balkan states. The Kingdom of Bosnia was thought far enough to be safe from an Ottoman incursion and in the east it was shielded by a belt of independent states that rose after the
409:(one of the Serbian statelets) and vassal of Murad, led to clashes between Bosnians and Turks earlier than would have been expected. The first Ottoman incursion into Bosnia, about which little is known, took place in October 1386. It was likely suggested and enabled by Đurađ, and caused panic in the neighbouring
453:
were prepared for defense; on 19 August all the inhabitants were tasked with defending the peninsula, and the following day Tvrtko too sent 1,000 men to help the defenders. An emissary was also sent that day to Lala Şahin Pasha, who was already nearby. The
Ragusans were intent on securing themselves
457:
The size of the army dispatched by Murad against Tvrtko is not known, but it must have been considerable since it included his own sons. It was certainly not a vast, conquering one, but neither was it a small and merely looting band. Its goal was to bring plunder as well as to showcase Murad's
493:
The
Ottoman attack and defeat made both Tvrtko and Đurađ more willing to come to terms with each other. The Bosnian victory did not overshadow the effects of Ottoman plundering. While future incursions remained a possibility, the Bosnians did not face the Ottoman army again for almost a year
437:, in the south of Tvrtko's realm and very close to the Ragusa itself. On 15 August, the Ragusans decided to provide refuge in their state for Tvrtko's subjects who were fleeing the advancing invaders, allowing the noblemen and the common people to take shelter in the city of
476:
and decisively defeated them. Lala Şahin Pasha barely escaped with his life; few of his men were as lucky. The precise date is disputed; according to a later chronicle of the events, the battle took place on 27 August. Already on 26 August, however, Ragusans informed
454:
in face of the imminent clash, and the emissary sent to the
Ottoman commander was probably meant to both negotiate and provide intelligence. On 22 August advice was sought from the Hungarian court as well.
255:
1326:
494:
following the victory in Bileća. In June 1389, however, Murad himself marched westwards, perhaps intending to eventually strike against Tvrtko. Murad might have also suspected that
248:
1824:
241:
172:
2728:
188:
1505:
70:
2748:
2212:
2723:
316:
2193:
801:
2677:
1391:
265:
28:
792:
433:
had dispatched Lala Şahin Pasha to assist Đurađ. Ragusan authorities sent an emissary to Đurađ concerning Turks who had broken into
205:
1888:
1307:
2686:
1445:
993:
1471:
1687:
2738:
1106:
1682:
897:
1793:
1007:
762:
743:
724:
354:, the kingdom's southern region. After days of looting, the invaders clashed with the defending force near the town of
703:
502:, contributed to the defeat near Bileća. This forced Bosnians and Serbians to band together against his army at the
2621:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1922:
2743:
1966:
1706:
1531:
1150:
855:
2537:
890:
1718:
2631:
2599:
2188:
2044:
2020:
1955:
1950:
1945:
785:
2615:
2466:
2275:
1866:
2441:
2285:
1978:
1155:
681:
2362:
1580:
1498:
2718:
1800:
1524:
1491:
1450:
1092:
814:
391:
1787:
1671:
397:
The distance between Bosnia and
Ottoman Thrace proved no barrier, however. The hostility between King
2511:
1960:
1693:
1677:
1612:
1347:
1333:
1253:
691:
478:
402:
1170:
2636:
2341:
2131:
2051:
2038:
1911:
1900:
1416:
1216:
1140:
778:
2471:
1738:
1594:
1566:
696:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
2733:
2609:
2593:
2553:
2504:
2316:
2280:
2183:
2167:
2136:
2091:
2086:
2057:
1972:
1733:
1658:
1652:
1135:
1063:
1057:
482:
2149:
1811:
1765:
1188:
2547:
2493:
2290:
2263:
2033:
1753:
1712:
1622:
1587:
1439:
1384:
1293:
1286:
1227:
1075:
1047:
1013:
303:
63:
32:
2062:
953:
770:
2517:
2451:
2431:
2258:
2101:
2067:
1552:
1512:
1313:
1272:
1018:
968:
834:
677:
2482:
1806:
1723:
1545:
2542:
2446:
2421:
2387:
2336:
2269:
2178:
2096:
2073:
2027:
1906:
1781:
1759:
1700:
1646:
1635:
1410:
1397:
1265:
1201:
958:
924:
918:
462:
429:
The threat of an
Ottoman attack on Bosnia appeared in early August 1388. The Ottoman ruler
406:
336:
2231:
1433:
1052:
986:
936:
515:
279:
8:
2569:
2564:
2488:
2476:
2436:
2392:
2126:
1830:
1743:
1628:
1559:
1359:
1239:
1176:
974:
862:
154:
1300:
414:
347:
159:
2651:
2646:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2375:
2346:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2198:
2111:
2106:
1993:
1916:
1846:
1840:
1428:
1279:
1246:
1145:
1130:
1125:
1035:
1030:
1024:
869:
665:
410:
398:
379:
2753:
2323:
2253:
1835:
2575:
2559:
2527:
2369:
2351:
2330:
2173:
2142:
1894:
1817:
1770:
1728:
1641:
1617:
1606:
1573:
1422:
1377:
1353:
1319:
911:
904:
883:
876:
841:
758:
739:
720:
699:
332:
1860:
465:
339:
150:
2604:
2242:
2236:
2080:
2013:
1748:
1456:
1233:
1221:
1195:
1182:
1165:
1000:
980:
963:
947:
848:
503:
291:
2656:
2641:
2626:
2522:
2461:
2456:
2416:
2356:
2300:
2248:
2121:
2116:
1871:
1853:
1775:
1664:
1600:
1518:
1403:
1160:
1069:
1041:
930:
712:
686:(in Serbo-Croatian). Beograd: Ars Libri (posthumously synthesized and published).
499:
126:
2532:
2426:
2381:
1538:
1211:
805:
387:
297:
138:
2712:
2498:
1340:
1206:
450:
367:
351:
343:
85:
72:
495:
374:, appeared as a considerable military and political factor for the western
442:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
233:
438:
434:
571:
469:
358:, north-east of Dubrovnik. The battle ended with an Ottoman defeat.
355:
59:
461:
King Tvrtko's army, led by his most capable and trusted general,
430:
383:
375:
800:
418:
371:
481:
of the outcome and decided to release the captured Zetans and
473:
446:
378:
in the 1380s. Having turned rulers of various countries in
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
532:
530:
753:
Veinstein, Gilles (2013), "The Great Turk and Europe",
643:
468:, allowed the Turks to penetrate as far as the town of
619:
542:
527:
736:
The
Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650: The Structure of Power
609:
607:
605:
331:
was fought in August 1388 between the forces of the
631:
602:
472:. The Bosnians engaged the invaders in Zachlumian
386:started launching raids to the west, towards the
317:Wars and battles involving Bosnia and Herzegovina
2710:
717:Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire
413:. In 1388 Đurađ contacted the Ottoman commander
786:
249:
2678:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
2729:Military history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
793:
779:
256:
242:
29:Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
752:
649:
664:
565:
536:
263:
212:
179:
2749:Battles involving the Kingdom of Bosnia
755:Europe and the Islamic World: A History
676:
672:(in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga.
596:
382:into their vassals, the Ottomans under
2711:
2687:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
711:
670:Историја средњовековне босанске државе
625:
192:Location within Bosnia and Herzegovina
2673:For 20th-century battles before 1914
774:
733:
613:
237:
2724:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
690:
637:
485:, who had been in the Ottoman army.
2682:For the battles during World War I
13:
195:Show map of Bosnia and Herzegovina
14:
2765:
424:
698:, University of Michigan Press,
211:
204:
178:
171:
132:
120:
346:Empire under the leadership of
220:Battle of Bileća (Dinaric Alps)
757:, Princeton University Press,
350:. The Ottoman army broke into
1:
658:
445:peninsula around the city of
361:
46:
488:
7:
509:
421:, hoping to slight Tvrtko.
10:
2770:
2739:1388 in the Ottoman Empire
692:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
392:fall of the Serbian Empire
16:1388 battle in the Balkans
2697:Ottoman victories are in
2695:
2669:
2585:
2224:
2211:
2159:
2005:
1992:
1880:
1483:
1470:
1369:
1118:
1105:
1085:
826:
813:
479:King Sigismund of Hungary
313:
275:
165:
144:
113:
38:
26:
21:
521:
223:Show map of Dinaric Alps
683:Istorija srpskog naroda
86:42.866667°N 18.433333°E
2744:14th century in Bosnia
738:. Palgrave Macmillan.
145:Commanders and leaders
64:Bosnia and Herzegovina
33:Ottoman wars in Europe
734:Imber, Colin (2009).
599:, part 3, chapter 12.
417:, then waging war in
463:Grand Duke of Bosnia
282: (1385 or 1387)
267:Bosnian–Ottoman Wars
189:class=notpageimage|
91:42.866667; 18.433333
82: /
449:respectively. The
411:Republic of Ragusa
399:Tvrtko I of Bosnia
2719:Conflicts in 1388
2706:
2705:
2665:
2664:
2216:(1789–1908)
2207:
2206:
1997:(1700–1789)
1988:
1987:
1475:(1550–1700)
1466:
1465:
1110:(1453–1550)
1101:
1100:
818:(1299–1453)
678:Ćorović, Vladimir
628:, pp. 20–21.
516:Battle of Pločnik
333:Kingdom of Bosnia
324:
323:
232:
231:
109:
108:
2761:
2600:2nd Kerch Strait
2222:
2221:
2217:
2189:1st Kerch Strait
2003:
2002:
1998:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1446:Strait of Hormuz
1308:Peñón of Algiers
1116:
1115:
1111:
824:
823:
819:
795:
788:
781:
772:
771:
767:
749:
730:
713:Finkel, Caroline
708:
687:
673:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
600:
594:
569:
563:
540:
534:
504:Battle of Kosovo
458:military might.
415:Lala Şahin Pasha
348:Lala Şahin Pasha
329:Battle of Bileća
270:
268:
258:
251:
244:
235:
234:
224:
215:
214:
208:
196:
182:
181:
175:
160:Lala Şahin Pasha
137:
136:
135:
125:
124:
123:
97:
96:
94:
93:
92:
87:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
48:
40:
39:
22:Battle of Bileća
19:
18:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2691:
2661:
2622:6th Dardanelles
2616:5th Dardanelles
2581:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2155:
1996:
1995:
1984:
1940:4th Dardanelles
1934:3rd Dardanelles
1929:2nd Dardanelles
1923:1st Dardanelles
1876:
1688:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1683:1st Zrínyiújvár
1678:Jurjeve Stijene
1474:
1473:
1462:
1365:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1081:
817:
816:
809:
799:
765:
746:
727:
719:. Basic Books.
706:
661:
656:
648:
644:
636:
632:
624:
620:
612:
603:
595:
572:
564:
543:
535:
528:
524:
512:
500:Moravian Serbia
491:
427:
403:Đurađ II Balšić
364:
325:
320:
309:
271:
266:
264:
262:
228:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
216:
199:
198:
197:
194:
193:
191:
185:
184:
183:
153:
133:
131:
127:Bosnian Kingdom
121:
119:
105:Bosnian victory
90:
88:
84:
81:
76:
73:
71:
69:
68:
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:1388 in Europe
2731:
2726:
2721:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1912:Cape Celidonia
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1707:Saint Gotthard
1704:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1581:Alcácer Quibir
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1472:Transformation
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1076:Constantinople
1072:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
944:
939:
934:
927:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
830:
828:
821:
811:
810:
806:Ottoman Empire
804:involving the
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
769:
768:
764:978-0691147055
763:
750:
745:978-1137014061
744:
731:
726:978-0465023974
725:
709:
704:
688:
674:
666:Ćirković, Sima
660:
657:
655:
654:
652:, p. 124.
650:Veinstein 2013
642:
640:, p. 408.
630:
618:
601:
570:
568:, p. 158.
541:
539:, p. 157.
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
511:
508:
490:
487:
466:Vlatko Vuković
426:
425:Ottoman attack
423:
388:Adriatic coast
363:
360:
340:Vlatko Vuković
322:
321:
314:
311:
310:
308:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
276:
273:
272:
261:
260:
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230:
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219:
210:
209:
203:
202:
201:
200:
187:
186:
177:
176:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
155:Radič Sanković
151:Vlatko Vuković
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:Ottoman Empire
129:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
57:
55:
51:
50:
49:26 August 1388
44:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2766:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:Naval battles
2584:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Philippopolis
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
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2218:
2213:Modernization
2210:
2200:
2197:
2195:
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2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
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2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:Naval battles
2158:
2152:
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2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
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2110:
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2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1964:
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1959:
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1954:
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1905:
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1898:
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1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:Naval battles
1879:
1873:
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1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:Naval battles
1368:
1362:
1361:
1357:
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1129:
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1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1107:Classical Age
1104:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:Naval battles
1084:
1078:
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737:
732:
728:
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714:
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705:0-472-08260-4
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
651:
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639:
634:
627:
622:
616:, p. 12.
615:
610:
608:
606:
598:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
567:
566:Ćirković 1964
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
538:
537:Ćirković 1964
533:
531:
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513:
507:
505:
501:
497:
486:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
464:
459:
455:
452:
451:walls of Ston
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Ottoman Turks
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
319:
318:
312:
305:
302:
299:
296:
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259:
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190:
174:
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152:
149:
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143:
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118:
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104:
101:
100:
95:
65:
62:(present day
61:
56:
53:
52:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2698:
2683:
2674:
2614:
2592:
2574:
2552:
2510:
2503:
2481:
2409:
2402:
2380:
2368:
2361:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2268:
2241:
2225:Land battles
2166:
2148:
2141:
2079:
2072:
2050:
2043:
2039:2nd Belgrade
2034:Petrovaradin
2026:
2019:
2012:
2006:Land battles
1977:
1965:
1938:
1921:
1899:
1887:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1825:Egri Palanka
1823:
1816:
1799:
1792:
1780:
1758:
1711:
1699:
1692:
1670:
1663:
1651:
1634:
1627:
1605:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1484:Land battles
1455:
1451:Gulf of Oman
1438:
1421:
1409:
1402:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1358:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1226:
1194:
1187:
1175:
1141:1st Belgrade
1119:Land battles
1074:
1062:
1040:
1023:
1014:Hermannstadt
1006:
999:
994:Thessalonica
992:
985:
973:
946:
941:
929:
919:Philadelphia
917:
910:
903:
898:Sırp Sındığı
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
835:Kulaca Hisar
833:
827:Land battles
754:
735:
716:
695:
682:
669:
645:
633:
621:
597:Ćorović 1997
492:
460:
456:
428:
396:
365:
328:
326:
315:
306: (1463)
300: (1463)
294: (1389)
288: (1388)
285:
114:Belligerents
27:Part of the
2518:Shipka Pass
2472:Başgedikler
2467:Akhaltsikhe
2432:Akhaltsikhe
2276:Mount Tabor
2259:Shubra Khit
2194:2nd Ochakov
2137:2nd Ochakov
2097:Stavunchany
2092:1st Ochakov
1636:Nagykanizsa
1314:Leobersdorf
626:Finkel 2007
498:, ruler of
405:, ruler of
370:, based in
89: /
2713:Categories
2512:Kızıl Tepe
2388:Dervenakia
2286:Heliopolis
2150:Karánsebes
2074:Banja Luka
1994:Old Regime
1979:Samothrace
1907:Cape Corvo
1801:Negroponte
1788:2nd Mohács
1782:Vrtijeljka
1749:2nd Vienna
1734:2nd Khotyn
1719:Krasnobród
1659:1st Khotyn
1647:Tashiskari
1613:Călugăreni
1560:Gvozdansko
1532:Mostaganem
1411:Formentera
1404:1st Jeddah
1301:1st Mohács
1266:Mercidabık
1202:Breadfield
1189:Valea Albă
1151:Târgoviște
1136:2nd Oranik
1064:2nd Kosovo
1058:1st Oranik
959:Karanovasa
925:Dubravnica
891:Adrianople
659:References
614:Imber 2009
362:Background
342:, and the
337:Grand Duke
77:18°26′00″E
74:42°52′00″N
2570:Velestino
2565:Al Wajbah
2489:Eupatoria
2477:Kurekdere
2437:Kulevicha
2393:Karpenisi
2363:Drăgășani
2127:Kozludzha
2063:Yeghevārd
1967:Oinousses
1831:Slankamen
1744:Trembowla
1694:Novi Zrin
1629:Keresztes
1623:2nd Brest
1588:1st Brest
1360:Sokhoista
1348:Esztergom
1273:Han Yunus
1217:Cătlăbuga
1177:Otlukbeli
1156:2nd Mokra
1093:Gallipoli
1048:1st Mokra
1008:Novo Brdo
975:Nicopolis
954:Kırkdilim
877:Gallipoli
863:Pelekanon
638:Fine 1994
489:Aftermath
483:Albanians
439:Dubrovnik
435:Zachlumia
380:Macedonia
335:, led by
2652:Navarino
2647:Gerontas
2610:Kaliakra
2543:Taşkesen
2533:4th Kars
2499:3rd Kars
2494:Chernaya
2483:Oltenița
2447:2nd Acre
2422:2nd Kars
2411:Phaleron
2404:Kamatero
2398:Arachova
2376:Vasilika
2347:Valtetsi
2311:Al-Safra
2306:Slobozia
2296:Arpachai
2270:1st Acre
2264:Pyramids
2199:Fidonisi
2112:Aspindza
2107:Khresili
2102:1st Kars
1961:Mytilene
1917:Focchies
1847:Moulouya
1841:Ustechko
1807:Batočina
1724:Niemirów
1672:Köbölkút
1499:Temesvár
1429:Girolata
1392:Balearic
1280:Ridanieh
1260:Koçhisar
1247:Turnadag
1240:Çaldıran
1146:Albulena
1131:Krusevac
1126:Leskovac
1036:Torvioll
1031:Kunovica
1025:Zlatitsa
870:Demotika
715:(2007).
694:(1994),
680:(1997).
668:(1964).
510:See also
443:Pelješac
441:and the
54:Location
2699:italics
2637:Nauplia
2632:Algiers
2576:Domokos
2560:Mouzaki
2548:Novšiće
2528:Aladzha
2505:Al-Hasa
2442:Algiers
2370:Sculeni
2352:Doliana
2342:Erzurum
2331:Alamana
2243:Giurgiu
2232:Focșani
2174:Matapan
2143:Mehadia
2132:Kinburn
2087:Perekop
2052:Samarra
2045:Kurijan
1956:Algiers
1951:Algiers
1946:Algiers
1895:Lepanto
1818:Zernest
1812:2nd Niš
1771:Eperjes
1754:Párkány
1729:Komarno
1713:Ładyżyn
1642:Sufiyan
1618:Giurgiu
1574:Torches
1546:Szigeth
1525:Tlemcen
1492:Tlemcen
1434:Alborán
1423:Preveza
1378:Zonchio
1354:Karagak
1334:Algiers
1327:Baghdad
1320:Gorjani
1294:Tlemcen
1254:Algiers
1196:Shkodra
1053:Otonetë
1019:1st Niš
1001:Golubac
987:Çamurlu
937:Pločnik
912:Maritsa
905:Samokov
884:Ihtiman
842:Bapheus
802:Battles
431:Murad I
384:Murad I
376:Balkans
344:Ottoman
280:Pločnik
58:around
2754:Bileća
2605:Tendra
2594:Andros
2554:Ulcinj
2523:Plevna
2337:Gravia
2317:Jeddah
2281:Abukir
2249:Izmail
2237:Rymnik
2184:Patras
2168:Imbros
2081:Grocka
2058:Kirkuk
2014:Chelif
1973:Andros
1889:Cyprus
1794:Crimea
1665:Candia
1653:Cecora
1567:Çıldır
1506:Palast
1457:Djerba
1234:Dubica
1228:Krbava
1222:Vrpile
1183:Vaslui
1166:Vaikal
981:Ankara
964:Rovine
948:Kosovo
942:Bileća
856:Nicaea
849:Dimbos
808:by era
761:
742:
723:
702:
474:gorges
470:Bileća
419:Epirus
372:Thrace
356:Bileća
292:Kosovo
286:Bileća
102:Result
60:Bileća
2657:Sinop
2642:Samos
2627:Athos
2462:Nezib
2457:Konya
2427:Varna
2417:Petra
2357:Lalas
2324:Čegar
2301:Batin
2291:Derna
2254:Măcin
2179:Çeşme
2122:Kagul
2117:Larga
2068:Ganja
2028:Pruth
1901:Tunis
1872:Zenta
1854:Lugos
1836:Hodów
1776:Kassa
1701:Jijel
1607:Banat
1601:Sisak
1595:Bihać
1539:Krupa
1519:Tadla
1440:Ponza
1417:Tunis
1385:Modon
1287:Jajce
1212:Adana
1171:Meçad
1161:Ohrid
1070:Polog
1042:Varna
969:Ohrid
931:Savra
522:Notes
496:Lazar
304:Ključ
298:Jajce
2452:Hims
2382:Peta
2021:Oran
1867:Azov
1861:Ulaş
1760:Buda
1739:Lwów
1341:Pest
815:Rise
759:ISBN
740:ISBN
721:ISBN
700:ISBN
447:Ston
407:Zeta
401:and
366:The
327:The
43:Date
31:and
2684:see
2675:see
1766:Vác
1553:Fez
1513:Fez
1398:Diu
1207:Una
352:Hum
2715::
604:^
573:^
544:^
529:^
506:.
394:.
47:c.
2701:.
794:e
787:t
780:v
748:.
729:.
257:e
250:t
243:v
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
