Kingdom of Bosnia - Knowledge

2184: 1883:, and Paul Klešić. Conversions were sometimes used as a political tool by high-ranking nobles such as Hrvoje Vukčić of Donji Kraji, who converted to Catholicism to obtain lucrative titles, but when faced with difficult odds in 1413 he openly threatened that he would go back to "pagan religion", as the Catholic Church viewed the Bosnian Church as a dualist religion. Despite the religious hesitancy of the duke, by his death, the Bosnian Church had lost its foothold in Donji Kraji, since his heirs were increasingly referred to as committed Catholics. At the beginning of the 15th century, the withdrawal of representatives of the Bosnian Church from political activities in the service of Hrvoje Vukčić allowed members of the Catholic Church to take up those seats, as recorded in a document of Juraj Vojsalić dated 12 August 1434. 1778: 363: 338: 1550:, a palace in Dubrovnik worth 2,000 ducats, and an annual income of 300 ducats was offered to anyone who would kill him. along with the promise of hereditary Ragusan noble status which also helped hold this promise to whoever did the deed. The threat seems to have worked, as Stjepan abandoned the siege. After King Thomas and Despot Đurađ reconciled sometime prior to late fall 1451, Ragusa proposed a league against Stjepan. Thomas' charter from 18 December 1451, apart from ceding of some of Stjepan's territories to Ragusa, who nevertheless firmly held those, also included the obligation that he would attack Vukčić. 98: 804: 1922: 1460:, as the new King of Bosnia, thus creating a political crisis which culminated in civil war. Apparently, one of the points of contention was Thomas recent conversion Catholicism, move that was deem potentially harmful to the Bosnian Church. And while Thomas' decision to convert was forced political maneuvering, albeit founded in sound reasoning with the saving of the realm on his mind, he also committed himself to demonstrate his devotion by engaging in religious prosecution against his recent fellow co-religionist, thus eventually proving his conversion to be detrimental to the 69: 81: 62: 979: 1350: 2087: 1413: 2540: 1436: 3098: 1559: 1210: 1760: 1293:. Ottomans proceeded to raid Bosnia in the spring of 1424 to make it clear to Tvrtko that close relations with Venice would not be tolerated. Tvrtko understood that Venice would not be able to provide him with help against the Ottomans, and thus slowly dismantled their alliance. In 1425, Tvrtko realized that he needed a strong ally in the event of further Ottoman attacks. The Ottomans responded with severe attacks that forced Tvrtko to accept their 1130: 622:), and marked a significant event of Bosnian medieval history, although contemporary sources about the coronation are very rare. The Royal Charter issued to the Ragusan commune on 10 April 1378 stands as one of the key sources for understanding the position of medieval Bosnian banate and its transformation to the kingdom, as well as information about economic activity between Bosnia and Ragusa, and proof of Bosnian independence. 1248:. His alliance with the Ottomans may have been due to their mutual hostility towards Sigismund. Pavle Radenović immediately declared for Tvrtko, but no other major nobleman appears to have followed his example – not even Hrvoje. While Tvrtko hoped for an Ottoman victory, Ostoja expected that a Hungarian triumph would rid him of Ottoman raiders and secure his position against both his rival and his ambitious magnates. The 1105:. By mid-December 1395, Helen had consolidated her grasp on the throne, and the pretender was killed by Sigismund's supporters in 1396, never having seriously threatened the Queen. The emancipation of Bosnian nobility reached a peak during Helen's reign. Having become virtually autonomous, her vassals engaged in internal warfare, which weakened Bosnia and precluded its participation in regional politics. 1285:. In December 1422 Tvrtko signed a beneficial trade treaty with the Republic of Venice and discussed plans for joint military action against Sigismund in Dalmatia. Tvrtko's association with Venice bothered not only Ragusa, but also the Ottoman Turks; the former resented losing their monopoly on trade, while the latter's poor relationship with Venice was the result of territorial disputes over 1189:, Tvrtko gained recognition as the legitimate king from both states. By 1406, Ostoja was losing what little support he had left in Bosnia, with the nobility now unanimously favouring Tvrtko, but the former king's decision to remain in the country continued to trouble Tvrtko. Ragusans described the beginning of Tvrtko's reign as more tumultuous than anything "since the 796: 1400:. His control over the remnants of the Serbian Despotate lasted merely a month before the Ottoman conquest of the state. Thomas's failure to defend Serbia permanently damaged his reputation in Europe. Wishing to improve his image among Europe's Catholics, Thomas turned against the Bosnian Church, thus becoming the first ruler of Bosnia to engage in 1839:(Patarenes). The Catholic church was slightly more dominant in towns and in the west and north of Bosnia. The Bosnian Church was present in Donji Kraji and the Drina river valley to some extent, but the majority of population remained Catholic, although most of the population was without priests. When 1731:, the capital of, at that point, all but completely annihilated kingdom, was captured by Hungarians under Matthias on 26 December 1463. Hungarians established a defensive territory between advancing Ottomans and their kingdom further north by constituting the "Banate of Jajce" along with the Banate of 2050:

started exerting even greater pressure on Bosnia. In addition to financial extortion, Bosnia under Thomas was now forbidden to export silver, which Mehmed claimed for himself, crippling of the Bosnian economy. Thomas's successor Stephen Tomašević tried to improve the situation, and the economy became

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Mining was a major industry in Bosnia. Saxons provided engineering expertise, and the mines were often run by Ragusans. Notable among these Saxon engineers was Hans Sasinović, who together with his brother got the rights for silver mines in Ostružnica and Fojnica. Most of the silver mines laid in the

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Juraj Vojsalić, knez Pribić, knez Radič Radojević, knez Batić Mirković, knez Juraj Dragičević, knez Petar Klešić, duke Ivko, and duke Pavao Jurjević. By the end of the year, Tvrtko had completely ousted Stephen, who continued to advance his claim until the summer of 1421. He appears to have died soon

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by being tossed over the city walls. Tvrtko is said to have been captured as well, but this does not appear to be true, as he demanded the customary tribute from the Ragusans in February 1409. The hostilities continued until the end of November, with Tvrtko retreating southwards with his noblemen and

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The rapid conquest of Bosnia, despite its inaccessible mountain fortresses, was unexpected, but many Bosnians were already aware of the impossible situation. If they were to fall, they preferred the Ottomans to the Hungarians, who they saw as an age-long enemies. They offered their kingdom to Venice

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to become immediate vassals of the monarch. This may have been the reason for an uprising against Helen. She maintained a great deal of support in April, when Ragusa paid its tribute to her. The last to remain on her side were the Radivojević noble family, including Helen's grandson-in-law Juraj. By

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by Sigismund's troops. Soon thereafter Dabiša submitted to Sigismund and resigned Croatia and Dalmatia to the Hungarian king and, with the agreement of his vassals, recognized him as his feudal overlord as well as heir designate to the Bosnian throne. It is not clear what prompted Dabiša to agree to

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Church followers alike. While Bosnia had many architecturally impressive stone fortresses, its medieval churches were small, especially compared to Catholic churches along the coast and Orthodox monasteries in neighboring Serbia, possibly because of the indifference of Bosnian nobles towards formal

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who followed Tvrtko I. He also did more to restore royal dignity and centralize the state than any other, leaving a strong mark on Bosnia's politics, economy, and culture. King Tvrtko II died in September 1443. childless, having expressed a wish to be succeeded by his politically inactive and until

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Tvrtko remained on the throne until mid-1409, when Ostoja prevailed. Sigismund's claim became untenable, but Bosnians acknowledged his overlordship over Ostoja; only Tvrtko refused to submit to the King of Hungary. He appears to have evaded capture by Hungarian troops by fleeing to the mountains of

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named Blagoje, having found refuge at Tvrtko's court, attributed to Tvrtko the right to a "double crown": one for Bosnia, and the other for the Serbian lands of his Nemanjić ancestors. He was also King of Serbia, and in that way, legal basis for crowning was achieved, which was promoted even by his

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Tvrtko had the strongest claim to the royal title at that time, and even if he had no practical means to rule Serbia, it allowed him to elevate Bosnia to a kingdom, as this would imply more formal independence. Tvrtko thus proclaimed himself the first King of Bosnia, claiming full legitimacy as the

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The coronation of Bosnian ban Tvrtko I Kotromanić as the King of "the Serbs and Bosnia and Pomorje and Western parts" in 1377 was one of the most significant events of Bosnian medieval history. With this act the Bosnian state elevated in the rank of kingdoms and its ruling dynasty, the Kotromanićs

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Despite an auspicious start, Dabiša's reign ended with the kingdom displaying the first signs of decay. Much of Tvrtko's extraordinary legacy was lost in the summer of 1394, and the state resumed its previous boundaries. Dabiša left the state more dependent on Hungarian kings than ever before, and

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issue, as the principal mining center of Bosnia returned to Bosnia. In 1448, the Ottomans sent an expedition to plunder King Tomaš's lands, but they also plundered Stjepan Vukčić's lands. Stjepan sent envoys to Despot Đurađ to try to improve the relations between himself on one side and Đurađ and

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Radivoj styled himself as King of Bosnia for the remainder of Tvrtko's reign. He was nominally supported by the Ottomans and by Stjepan Vukčić Kosača. This alliance could have easily deposed Tvrtko II in Radivoj's favor if they wished, but it appears that their only goal was to weaken and divide

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was elected king. When the Ottomans invaded Bosnia in early 1420, Tvrtko once again accompanied them and installed himself as anti-king. Sandalj immediately declared for him. Fearing the Ottomans, Sandalj's example was soon followed by other noblemen. In June Tvrtko convoked a stanak, and Ragusa

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in August 1415 saw the disastrous defeat of Sigismund's army. Contrary to expectations, however, the Ottomans recognized Ostoja as the legitimate king. Tvrtko lost his ground, while the united Bosnians for the first time shifted their allegiance from the Hungarian crown to the Ottoman Sultanate.

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Internal troubles forced the Ottomans to withdraw their troops from Bosnia, which enabled Tvrtko to strengthen his hold on the kingdom and for its economy to recover. Tvrtko's second accession had to be legitimized with a new coronation, which took place during a stanak in August 1421. Tvrtko's

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In 1377, Tvrtko took the littoral districts from Balšić. That year, on 26 October, he was crowned King of "The Serbs, Bosnia, the Primorje (Seaside), and the western lands". The acquisition of Serbian territory, including the important Monastery of Mileševa, combined with the fact that Tvrtko's

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during medieval time, however, Bosnian sovereignty and independence is nevertheless undeniable. Bosnian rulers acted completely independently in carrying out state and diplomatic affairs, governing the judicial system, granting towns and estates, minting coins, exploiting natural resources, and

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In the last months of his reign, Tvrtko devoted himself to solidifying his position in Dalmatia and to plans for taking Zadar, the only Dalmatian city that had evaded his rule. He offered an extensive alliance to Venice, but it did not suit the republic's interests. Meanwhile, Tvrtko was also

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of the Sanjak of Herzegovina besieged Novi, however, just before 14 December 1481 Vlatko gave up resisting, and agreed with the Ottomans to move with his family to Istanbul. This signified the ultimate disappearance of what was the last remaining independent point of the Bosnian

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So, the province endured for another fifteen years after Stjepan Vukčić's death, shrinking with time, before it was eventually swallowed by the Ottomans in December 1481, and incorporated into the empire as re-organized territory of already formed and renamed province,

1487:, who made him "Knight of the Virgin", but did not give him troops. On 15 February 1444, Stjepan signed a treaty with the King of Aragon and Naples, becoming his vassal in exchange for Alfonso's help against his enemies, namely King Thomas, Duke Ivaniš Pavlović and the 1956:, and Deževice began to be mentioned in contemporary sources during Tvrtko I's reign. Srebrenica was a very lucrative possession with its silver mines. Caravan trade was frequent between the Republic of Ragusa and Bosnia, and Ragusan merchants had trading colonies in 1649:. On 21 May 1466, old and terminally ill duke dictated his last words, recorded in a testament, and bypassing Vladislav he condemned him by saying that it was him who "brought the great Turk to Bosnia to the death and destruction of us all". The next day duke died. 969:

started negotiating a peace in September. Sigismund was in the weaker position and likely ready to make concessions to Tvrtko when his ambassadors arrived at Tvrtko's court in January 1391. The negotiations were probably never concluded, as Tvrtko died on 10 March.

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Hungarian attacks on Bosnia took place annually, making Tvrtko's life "a constant hassle". In 1408, Sigismund defeated the Bosnian nobility and Tvrtko and in 1409 he restored Ostoja to the throne. One hundred and seventy minor noblemen were captured and killed in

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were captured and restored to Ostoja. All major noble families remained loyal to Tvrtko, while Ostoja functioned as Sigismund's puppet whose territory included little more than Bobovac. The fortress, however, housed the crown, which Tvrtko was not able to reach.

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second reign was marked by his quick resolution to restore royal authority and the king's pre-eminence among Bosnia's feudal rulers. With Hrvoje and Pavle gone, and Sandalj preoccupied by conflict with Pavle's sons, Tvrtko was able to significantly expand the

1703:, Vlatko tried one more push to the heart of Bosnia, but abandoned by his allies his venture ended in disaster, after which he completely and finitely withdraws to his fortress in Novi. Meanwhile, all this, along with death of Mehmed II, prompted new sultan, 1835:. Most information about this church comes from outside sources and its exact nature is a subject of debate, particularly around its possible dualist teachings. It was accused by the Catholic and Orthodox authorities of heresy and being linked to the 903:'s reign, where he was also buried alongside his uncle Stjepan II. In contrast, some earlier historiographers, mostly represented by western scholars, consider that he was crowned in the Orthodox Monastery of Mileševa by the Metropolitan of Mileševa. 555:

position for much of this time, in reality they managed to maintain independent functions and even expand their rule in Serbia, Croatia, and Dalmatia. The Banate of Bosnia existed until 1377, when it was elevated into a kingdom with the coronation of

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pursued and caught up with him there. After a four days siege of Ključ and negotiations, Angelović sent a written assurance to the king, stating that his life will be spared. It turned out to be an empty promise as once the king was lured back to

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adherents were known and as its members called themselves. His conspicuous attitude toward Bosnian Church was highlighted when king Tvrtko II died and Stjepan refused to recognize a chosen heir, the deceased king's cousin and recent convert to

921:, and expanded his title to "King of The Serbs, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia and the Littoral". Tvrtko's full title listed subject peoples and geographical dependencies, following the Byzantine norm. At the peak of his power, he was "King of 2012:

king's lands, except from Srebrenica, and there was a demand for Bosnian silver products in the cities on the Adriatic. Germans working in Bosnia produced firearms and cannons, making it one of the first inland Balkan countries to do so.

1664:, Kosača capital, fell in 1466, while Ključ fort between Nevesinje and Gacko was cut off from the main part of his territory, although Vlatko's actions against Ottomans were mostly concentrated around this fort with limited success. 1009:

The latter part of his reign, however, saw the ascent of magnates and considerable loss of territories and influence. The nobility grew stronger and for the first time acted independently of the king, starting with the Zachlumian

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in November 1405, where they articulated that the Ragusan merchants would be safe across the "Bosnian rusag", or 1451, during the war with Stjepan Vukčić, as a "Holly Kingdom". Ragusans also paid Saint Demetrius an income of 2000

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In the twilight years of the Kingdom of Bosnia, Thomas engaged in vigorous commerce and made business deals with Dalmatian traders. He relied heavily on his silver mining, but profited most from his salt trade monopolies. Sultan

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the exiled anti-King, who was openly Bosnian Church faithful and remained so in face of king's crusade against the church adherents. There were, however, several important noblemen who were members of the Bosnian Church, called

1157:. Ostoja tried to reclaim the throne with Hungarian support, but, in June 1404, Tvrtko's supporters defeated a Hungarian army and thus prevented Ostoja from reclaiming the crown, although the chief royal residence of 1672:

Vlatko already in 1470 realized that only radical change in his politics could bring him some release, so he pursued and achieved a peace with the Ottomans. In the same year, the Ottomans excluded Hum from the

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in 1435. Radivoj ceased being a threat when he lost Ottoman support that year, while Sandalj's death presented Tvrtko with a new and more vital rebellious vassal in the form of Sandalj's nephew and successor,

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themselves when the country experienced greater domestic issues, such as succession crisis or deposition of the ruler, domestic conflicts or wars. It normally took place wherever the monarch held court: in

2022:, mostly composed of 10 to 100 horses, they conducted much of the trade between inland and coastal cities. A particularly large caravan trade happened on 9 August 1428 between Podvisoki and Ragusa, when 1316:, but soon found that Sandalj had become too ill to support Radivoj's cause. After years of pleading for their help, Tvrtko finally saw Hungarians march into Bosnia in mid-1434. They recovered for him 1308:, the elder illegitimate son of the long-deceased Ostoja, to lay claim to the throne and take control of much of the country. Tvrtko's only noteworthy support came from Hrvoje's nephew and successor, 1067:

In 1394, Dabiša's wife Helen agreed to Dabiša's decision to designate Sigismund as his heir. When Dabiša died on 8 September the following year, however, the leading noblemen – Grand Duke

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saw him as the best suited to succeed the Nemanjić dynasty. The Church, which was the strongest cohesive force among the Serbs at the time, did not support Tvrtko's aspirations in this regard.

883:, prompted Tvrtko into having himself crowned King of Serbia, thus asserting his pretensions to the Serbian throne. This was made possible by the royal Nemanjić line having died out with 3646:(1980). "Krunidbena i grobna crkva bosanskih vladara u Milima (Arnautovićima) kod Visokog" [Coronation and Grave Church of the Bosnian Rulers in Mili (Arnautovići) near Visoko]. 1691:. He also gave up his agreement with Ottomans, after just a few years or so, just about the same time when his younger brother, Stjepan, assumed highest office of the Ottoman navy as 1332:, but he lost it all as soon as they retreated. In fact, he himself appears to have left with the troops on their way back to Hungary, as he is known to have resided at the court in 2183: 2114:

that was charged with an eight-pointed star and crescent. In the past centuries, European sources have attributed arms to Bosnia that were close or full analogue to this depiction.

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Srđan Rudić, Vlastela Ilirskog grbovnika: The Nobility of the Illyric Coat of Arms, Volume 52 of Posebna izdanja, Editor Tibor Živković, Istorijski institut, Beograd, 2006,

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in support of Bosnian anti-King Radivoj, Thomas' exiled brother, who was too Bosnian Church faithful and remained so in face of king's crusade against the church adherents.

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In 1446 Stjepan Vukčić finally recognized Thomas as king, and the pre-war borders were restored. Peace between two rivals was sealed by the marriage of Stjepan's daughter

2568: 2102:, which were completed first in 16th and second in 17th century. In the Illyrian armorials arms are shown upon a gold shield, two black ragged staffs are crossed in 5561: 1905:. However, it was quickly rebuilt. Thomas earned the nickname "damned king" for his actions against adherents of the Bosnian Church. Especially detrimental to the 1042: 3397: 1050:

such harsh terms. In return, as evident from a treaty issued in July 1394, Sigismund included Dabiša among the highest ranking Hungarian officials and named him

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After the defeat of Altomanović, Lazar was the most powerful lord on the territory of the former Serbian Empire. He wanted to reunite the Serbian state, and the

4841:(in Bosnian). Društvo za proučavanje srednjovekovne bosanske historije - Stanak. Kćerka i unuk bosanskog vladara?Prilog prosopografiji i heraldici Kotromanića. 2725: 2717: 1093:, an assembly of noblemen, and elected Helen as Dabiša's successor. Not willing to engage the united nobility in war, Sigismund withdrew; the death of his wife 3352: 1225:. Ostoja ended the decade-long dispute with the Hungarians by recognizing the suzerainty of the Hungarian crown and, in 1412, visiting the Hungarian throne in 4830: 763:

As a main trading partner of the Bosnian state, the Ragusa referred to the Bosnian Kingdom as a separate state ("rusag"), for example in a charter issued to

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and the Banate of Bihać. In Hungarian hands Jajce withstood Ottoman attacks until 1527, when it finally surrendered after a decisive Ottoman victory in the

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were these developments, which in turn prompted Stjepan Vukčić Kosača to give followers and members of the Bosnian Church safe haven, and also to join the

1018:, the kingdom's leading magnate, came into agreement with Sigismund and Mary but remained loyal to Dabiša. By June 1394, Dabiša was in open conflict with 965:. The Hungarian kingdom remained the focus of Tvrtko's foreign policy, however. Although they did not recognize each other as kings, Tvrtko and Hungarian 961:. By the late summer of 1390, a marriage was expected to be contracted between the recently widowed King and a member of the Austrian ruling family, the 1309: 3373:

entered in the narrow circle of the noblest families of Medieval Europe. Contemporary sources about his event, unfortunately, are scarce and very rare.

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on horseback by fooling the Ottomans about which route she wanted to take. She stated that she was leaving the country to see her sons or to visit the

3154:(in Bosnian). Istorijski institut : Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu : Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Banjaluci. p. 32. 4715:Михаило Динић, За историју рударства у средњевековној Србији и Босни, I део, САН, Посебна издања 240, Одељење друштвених наука 14, Београд 1955, 8–9. 2361: 1687:

The very last remnants of Bosnian state territory were these stretches of land held by Vlatko in Hum, while he moved residence to his last capital,

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province in the south of the kingdom, lived for another three years, enough to see kingdom's complete demise, for which he blamed his eldest son

1531:, first documented in the spring of 1449. Later, toward the end of 1449 and the beginning of 1450, in a public relations stunt, he changed it to 891:. According to a plurality of recent works from scholars like Čošković, Anđelić, Lovrenović, and Filipović, the ceremony itself was conducted in 133: 4382: 1847:

and gained župa Banica and Vrbanja as a result, Bosnian Church officials were present as a guarantee of charter that confirmed those župas.

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succeeded his father on the throne following the latter's death in July 1461 and became the first Bosnian king to receive a crown from the

3481: 2719: 2716: 827:, the most powerful Serbian noble at the time. After defeating Altomanović, they divided his lands, except for his littoral districts of 1491:. In the same treaty Stjepan promised to pay regular tribute to Alfonso instead of paying the Ottoman sultan as he had done until then. 5593: 3337: 2554: 2351: 2164: 452: 1388:

and its surroundings, in addition to (or in conjunction with) multiple conflicts with his father-in-law. Having failed to expand into

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sent envoys to Thomas and Stjepan about a counter-offensive against the Ottomans, but the two were in the middle of the civil war.

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The first Ottoman troops attacked Bosnia in May 1414; in August they also brought the deposed monarch, Tvrtko, and set him up as

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proved a unity and feeling of belonging to a Bosnian identity and integrity, but also it illustrated weakness of the monarch and

4915:"Ikonografija, metrologija i grafija bosanskoga novca kovanoga između 1428. i 1443. godine (novac kralja Tvrtka II. Tvrtkovića)" 3623: 2720: 2718: 2714: 1894:

started persecuting Bosnian Church followers, they responded in the traditional stronghold in Visoko and in 1450 demolished the

2747: 1014:. Dabiša curbed the Sanković power, but the trend was irreversible and eventually led to the weakening of the royal authority. 97: 86: 1890:

to have Bosnian rulers renounce any relation to the Bosnian Church, or even perform conversions, in return for support. After

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The Ottomans were displeased with the peace as their interest lay primarily in weakening and dividing Bosnia. Serbian Despot

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The overwhelming majority of the population was rural, with few significant urban centers. Among the more notable towns were

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All lands ruled by bosnian kings (Light green temporary: Parts of Donji Kraji and Serbian Despotate under Stjepan Tomašević)

1141:, who deposed Helen in 1398. In 1403 he sided with King Ladislaus of Naples against Sigismund. Ostoja led a war against the 5666: 5008: 3088: 3086: 2517: 2126: 1464:. These developments prompted Stjepan to give followers and members of the Bosnian Church safe haven, and also to join the 399:/ Босанско краљевство), was a medieval kingdom that lasted for nearly a century, from 1377 to 1463, and evolved out of the 1546:. As he had earlier been made a Ragusan nobleman, the Ragusan government now proclaimed him a traitor. A reward of 15,000 5670: 5376: 1083:'s – refused to honor the agreement Dabiša had made with Sigismund. Sigismund raised an army and marched to nearby 3083: 2141:, which is a native lily to the area. The crest is a plume of peacock feathers that sit within a coronet of lilies. The 2090:

Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bosnia during Tvrtko I, but remained visual identification throughout the kingdom period.

5587: 5583: 5471: 3451: 3405: 2499: 2488: 2387: 1097:, heir of Hungary and cousin of Dabiša, made his position too precarious to attack in Bosnia, as did the defeat by the 4837:[Daughter and grandson of the Bosnian ruler? A contribution to the prosopography and heraldry of Kotromanić]. 3259: 5864: 5556: 5486: 5467: 4846: 4298: 3705: 3565: 3243: 3035: 2992: 2955: 2925: 2906: 2815: 2173: 2145:

reigned until 1463 when the Ottomans conquered the region, ceasing then the use of the royal coat of arms in Bosnia.

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In the first half of 1448, Stjepan Vukčić, in an attempt to "bolster his case with the Ottomans", added the title of

1479:, sent by King Thomas, attacked Stjepan Vukčić. Thomas had at the same time been recognized by the Hungarian regent 5505: 5494: 5490: 5463: 4543:

The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina: Their Historic Development from the Middle Ages to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia

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While Bosnia retained its standing among neighboring states in the immediate aftermath of Tvrtko's death, during

2675: 1068: 1015: 5514: 5435: 5369: 4873: 2344: 2231: 1038:, a city ruled by Horvat. Sigismund, who had been amassing an army since April, took advantage of the discord. 4877: 606:, Ragusa even complaining, in 1378, about Tvrtko's preoccupation with his new kingdom. Tvrtko's coronation as 5522: 5518: 4466: 4429: 3585: 2544: 1624:

in return for aid, but when Venice refused, they preferred to remain under the Ottomans than the Hungarians.

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of Bosnia, Stjepan Vukčić Kosača. The two engaged in a civil war which ended when Thomas repudiated his wife

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during this time, Bosnian sovereignty and independence in conducting its affairs is nevertheless undeniable.

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and King Thomas in May 1446, with Catherine abandoning Bosnian Church and converting to Roman Catholicism.

1112:, attempted to take further advantage of their royal relations and free themselves from subordinacy to the 756: 639:

remained important feature in Bosnia and the Bosnian nobility held significant power, exercising it at the

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The coat of arms of the Kings of Bosnia, who ruled from 1377 until 1463 over the area that is present day

1269: 61: 5482: 4988: 2736: 994:'s reign conditions within the state started deteriorating. He successfully resisted his sovereigns from 958: 844: 5253: 5243: 5133: 5108: 5103: 4834: 3664: 1080: 884: 5988: 5860: 5598: 5541: 5431: 3490:, pp. 93–125, Chapter: Borbe za samostalnost srednjovjekovne bosanske države — Država — Teritorij. 3439: 1145:, a Hungarian vassalage. In 1404, the Bosnian nobles under Hrvoje Vukčić replaced him with his brother 291: 5341: 5303: 5248: 5198: 3118: 6008: 5916: 5746: 5603: 5449: 5063: 2825: 2238: 2200: 2051:

stronger than ever during his reign, collecting more profit from the flourishing metalworking trade.

1844: 5153: 5048: 4989:

F. Miklosich, Monumenta serbica spectantia historiam Serbiae, Bosnae, Ragusii, Viennae 1858, pp. 1–2

1739:. Much of modern northern and western Bosnia and Herzegovina was then incorporated into the Ottoman 1589: 1585: 6003: 5510: 5500: 5477: 5454: 5426: 5183: 5068: 2154: 1699:. After his marriage in 1474, he reconciled with his older brother Vladislav. Just before death of 1429: 1022:, a fervent supporter of Ladislaus and enemy of Sigismund. He ordered that men from his islands of 840: 685: 681: 578: 433:

remained important in Bosnia and the Bosnian nobility held significant power, exercising it at the

210: 5143: 5123: 3233: 2987:. Reprinted by permission of the author and New York University Press. New York University Press. 2831:

The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

1443:

Meanwhile, like most Bosnian nobleman of the era, Stjepan Vukčić too considered himself a staunch

1011: 900: 5882: 5848: 4185: 2095: 1953: 1812: 1190: 907: 384: 5795: 5331: 5298: 5233: 5203: 5118: 5073: 4579: 1646: 1507: 1423:

Notwithstanding, King Tvrtko II maintained himself on the Bosnian throne longer than any of the

1301: 1109: 1006:. In the first years of his reign, Dabiša successfully maintained the integrity of the Kingdom. 5935: 5931: 5843: 5710: 5263: 5208: 5053: 4472: 4435: 3444:

The Bosnian Church: Its Place in State and Society from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century

2767: 2510: 2481: 1692: 1569: 1424: 1236:. After that Tvrtko faded into obscurity and had no part in Bosnian affairs for several years. 1230: 1094: 1057: 591: 517: 244: 20: 5088: 4350: 4288: 3724: 3064: 2142: 1256:

Ostoja died in September 1418. Despite expectations that Tvrtko would take over, Ostoja's son

816: 4495: 2468: 2371: 2111: 1960:, Fojnica, Srebrenica, Kreševo and others. Economic activity allowed for the creation of new 1824: 1799:

The territory of Bosnia and today's Herzegovina is littered with medieval gravestones called

1716: 1707:, to overtake Novi and its harbor, along with whatever territory remained. In November 1481, 1682: 1401: 1142: 421:(r. 1353–91) acquired portions of western Serbia and most of the Adriatic coast south of the 5326: 5293: 5228: 5218: 5093: 4541: 3356: 824: 812: 5890: 5701: 5148: 4951:

Filipović, Emir O. (2022). "Vizualni elementiu konstrukciji dinastičkog identiteta p.101".

4760:"State archive, Ragusa Republic, Series: Diversa Cancellariae, Number: XLV, Foil: 31 verso. 4384:

Libricide: The Regime-sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century

4229: 3590:(in Bosnian) (Biblioteka Kulturno nasleđe ed.). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. pp. 118, 119 2671: 2647: 2047: 2018:

carried much of the traffic between inland and coastal cities. With their caravans, led by

1728: 1476: 776:

acknowledged the territories of the kingdom on 26 August 1406 at the request of Tvrtko II.

636: 430: 425:

River. During the late part of his reign, Bosnia became one of the strongest states in the

5213: 5193: 1657: 1193:", but he soon succeeded in uniting the country by bringing together his feuding vassals. 1045:

saw Horvat's defeat and execution as well as the destruction of the eponymous town on the

643:

meetings. The Stanak is the most common name used to refer to the assembly of nobility in

8: 5786: 5781: 5770: 5750: 5720: 5138: 5113: 2794: 2693: 2034:

on 600 horses. At the end of the 14th century, merchants from Podvisoki took part in the

1921: 1638: 1580:, who held nominal rule of Bosnia, and by other European powers. After the Ottomans laid 1500: 1484: 1366: 1102: 934: 773: 5617: 5308: 5268: 5043: 4115: 2665: 2588: 1736: 1233: 991: 880: 590:. Tvrtko's title as a king was also approved by Louis's successor, and Tvrtko's cousin, 561: 5912: 5811: 5776: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5732: 5728: 5691: 5662: 5609: 5459: 5288: 5223: 5158: 4572: 4462: 4425: 4232:, Balkanski vazali kralja Alfonsa Aragonskog, Prekinut uspon, Beograd 2005, pp. 355–358 4179: 3643: 3202: 2895: 2775: 2753: 2745:(in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 200 (Posebna izdanja ed.). Belgrade: Naučna knjiga. 2681: 2582: 2379: 2118: 2035: 1868: 1831:

Christians, and some who simply called themselves Bosnians, belonging to the so-called

1539: 1488: 1214: 1178: 1138: 995: 978: 888: 700:

through the great lords associated with them. The magnates of the country convoked the

648: 599: 587: 537: 418: 198: 5724: 5168: 5128: 5098: 1803:, which first appeared in the middle of the 12th century. They were a tradition among 1349: 1257: 1113: 1108:

By March 1398, Bosnia was beset by internal strife. It seems that Helen's family, the

1072: 5962: 5927: 5923: 5878: 5874: 5807: 5803: 5742: 5706: 5696: 5686: 5681: 5658: 4958: 4926: 4869: 4842: 4628: 4583: 4547: 4501: 4388: 4354: 4294: 4123: 3701: 3561: 3447: 3265: 3239: 3209: 3155: 3070: 3031: 2988: 2981: 2951: 2921: 2902: 2835: 2811: 2619: 2315: 2094:

One of the early representations of coats of arms attributed to Bosnia come from the

1859: 1828: 1577: 1533:

Herzog of Saint Sava, Lord of Hum, Grand Duke of Bosnia, Knyaz of Drina, and the rest

1453: 1381: 1374: 1312:, and he managed to retain only central and northwestern Bosnia. Tvrtko retreated to 1305: 1174: 999: 962: 795: 718: 574: 179: 5163: 5078: 4954:

Kotromanići: stvaranje i oblikovanje dinastičkog identiteta u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni

4343: 3095:, pp. 34, 42, 55, 58, 71, 76, 105, 116, 119, 169, 172, 173, 181, 183, 186, 221. 2086: 1876: 1597:, he was beheaded just behind the capital's citadel, since then named Carevo polje ( 1076: 764: 651:

in 1354. Its influence peaked between the 1390s and the 1420s. The existence of the

603: 68: 5897: 5886: 5856: 5835: 5716: 5621: 5572: 5566: 5546: 5421: 2628: 2600: 2526: 2283: 2227: 2138: 2099: 1891: 1855: 1740: 1700: 1457: 1435: 1162: 1118: 656: 513: 507: 400: 356: 343: 27: 4111: 3006:. 10 volumes. Beograd: Vojno izdavački zavod. 1970–1976. book 3, pp. 798–799. 1604:). The Kingdom fell in 1463 and eventually became the westernmost province of the 5958: 5870: 5738: 5361: 5336: 4952: 3671: 3630: 3149: 2966: 2945: 2883: 2829: 2805: 2779: 2757: 2740: 2653: 2594: 2130: 2075: 2038:. For example, on November 1389 Bogovac Vukojević sold the small boy Milko for 4 1949: 1858:, who showed some interest in the Bosnian Church while he was on the throne, and 1808: 1661: 1249: 983: 803: 769: 729: 644: 619: 548: 438: 203: 1407: 1149:

because of his pro-Hungarian views. He had to flee to Hungary after a stanak in

5954: 5908: 5576: 4338: 2443: 2415: 2383: 2299: 2214: 2210: 1910: 1832: 1804: 1786: 1744: 1674: 1605: 1581: 1563: 1529:

Herzog of Hum and the Coast, Grand Duke of Bosnia, Knyaz of Drina, and the rest

1472: 1465: 1448: 1389: 1370: 1329: 1203: 1098: 938: 820: 752: 689: 611: 607: 449: 407: 175: 171: 1747:, when in 1580 Bosnian Sanjak became a core province of the newly established 1558: 1412: 1377:

and sponsored the construction of churches and monasteries throughout Bosnia.

1202:

resisting Hungarian attacks, which enabled Ostoja to reestablish control over

5982: 5613: 5258: 4930: 4769:

State archive Ragusa Republic, Series: Diversa Notariae, Number: X, Foil: 77.

4632: 4127: 3151:

Pad Bosanskog kraljevstva 1463. godine: = Fall of the Bosnian Kingdom in 1463

2375: 2367: 2303: 2001: 1902: 1854:

and kings of Bosnia were proclaimed Catholics during their reign, except for

1748: 1642: 1609: 1392:, Thomas turned again to the east in 1458, arranging a match between his son 1357:

Thomas succeeded Tvrtko, but his accession was not recognized by the leading

1150: 1003: 942: 892: 706: 551:

enjoyed virtual independence from Hungary, and although they formally held a

495: 148: 135: 5238: 2849: 1261:

recognized him as king. He had the support of almost all of the nobility in

815:, who came to power in 1353. In 1372, Tvrtko formed an alliance with Prince 467:, the last king of Bosnia, was captured by the Ottomans and killed in 1463. 5676: 2976: 2328: 2311: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1820: 1480: 1290: 1282: 668: 5083: 3148:

Rudić, Srđan; Lovrenović, Dubravko; Dragičević, Pavle (18 February 2015).

1840: 1209: 2493: 2307: 2005: 1973: 1926: 1851: 1688: 1239: 1046: 1019: 950: 856: 828: 460: 456: 261: 168: 19:

This article is about the medieval kingdom. For the modern republic, see

2071: 1665: 1588:, fortress in the western territories of his realm, but Ottomans led by 1432:, Radivoj's younger brother and likewise an illegitimate son of Ostoja. 868: 867:. This acquisition included the important Serbian Orthodox monastery of 710: 191: 5791: 3581: 2870: 2430: 1945: 1895: 1759: 1708: 1704: 1511: 1385: 1294: 872: 760:

making trading agreements with other countries and independent cities.

733: 533: 483: 442: 274: 4914: 4457: 4455: 4453: 3700:(in Serbian). Belgrade: Srpska školska knjiga; Knowledge. p. 75. 2067: 1937: 1660:, who struggled to retain as much of the territory he could. However, 1031: 860: 455:

in the 1440s and 1450s and went on to conquer Hum, by then renamed to

2606: 2275: 1985: 1977: 1957: 1898: 1732: 1576:. Under Tomašević, Bosnia was left to fend for itself by his senior, 1543: 1245: 1222: 1166: 1146: 615: 582: 544: 479: 4891: 4689: 4149: 4104: 3574: 2897:

Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina

2687: 2659: 2110:

heads surmounting the upper portion of each staff. Overall is a red

1800: 1763: 1362: 1129: 516:

was a medieval state comprising, at its peak, most of what is today

4993: 4450: 2271: 2243: 2122: 2059: 1969: 1965: 1887: 1836: 1767: 1696: 1617: 1573: 1321: 946: 918: 848: 836: 676:, but the ultimate authority belonged to the highest nobility. The 557: 521: 278: 229: 4420: 4418: 4416: 3472: 3404:. Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from 2026:

committed to Ragusan lord Tomo Bunić that they would deliver 1500

1325: 1052: 819:, one of the regional lords in the territory of the disintegrated 5653: 3066:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

2134: 2103: 2055: 1981: 1933: 1358: 1286: 1186: 1182: 1158: 930: 914: 832: 728:

The Stanak enjoyed power and authority on all matters, including

714: 525: 426: 422: 186: 124: 4286: 2063: 1961: 1678: 1035: 1023: 4906: 4465:(1964b). "Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne". 4428:(1964b). "Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne". 4413: 2799:(in Serbo-Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2023: 1771: 1634: 1313: 1089: 1084: 926: 922: 640: 631: 595: 552: 529: 487: 434: 4883: 4331: 2863:

Jajce Grad: prilog povijesti posljednje bosanske prijestolnice

2711: 5799: 2107: 2039: 1941: 1594: 1547: 1408:

Tvrtko II's death, religious strife and outbreak of civil war

1317: 1273: 1198: 864: 852: 722: 475: 471: 119: 2074:, Olovo, and Srebrenica. Customs collection was overseen by 1344: 1229:

with the rest of the Bosnian and Serbian nobility including

913:

By 1390, Tvrtko had expanded his realm to include a part of

2947:

The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics

2877:(in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. pp. 127–129. 2031: 1613: 1333: 1266: 1226: 1027: 4656: 4654: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4116:"Sandalj Hranić Kosača - Biography of the Bosnian Magnate" 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3844: 3842: 3786: 3784: 3735: 3733: 3607: 3605: 3539: 3537: 3535: 2674:(1416–1418), third wife of Stephen Ostoja, former wife of 1677:, and established a new, separate sanjak with its seat in 696:, were also barred, but influenced decision-making in the 543:, it was a de facto independent state. After the reign of 74:

Top: Military banner Bottom: Royal banner of King Tvrtko I

4150:"Sandalj Hranić Kosača - Biografija bosanskog vlastelina" 3654:. Sarajevo: Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine: 183–247. 3147: 1553: 1416:

The Kingdom of Bosnia and the Despotate of Serbia in 1422

1087:

to claim the Bosnian throne, but the noblemen convoked a

823:. The next year, Tvrtko and Lazar attacked the domain of 560:

following the death of the last Serbian Emperor from the

4265: 4094: 4092: 4090: 1781:

Roman Catholic monasteries in Bosnia in the 15th century

811:

Bosnia reached its peak under Tvrtko I, a member of the

4796: 4772: 4666: 4651: 4200: 3893: 3869: 3839: 3827: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3730: 3677: 3602: 3532: 3420: 3317: 3305: 3293: 2918:

Tvrtko II Tvrtković: Bosna u prvoj polovini xv stoljeća

614:

was held in the fall of 1377 (probably 26 October, the

4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4240: 4238: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3881: 3859: 3857: 3498: 3496: 3353:

Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina

3283: 3281: 3044: 1240:

Second reign of Tvrtko II and rising Ottoman influence

1124: 807:

Bosnian Kingdom at the time of Tvrtko's death in 1391.

688:

was allowed to attend, but his children were not. The

684:, who presided over it and led its sessions. If male, 672:, from magnates to petty lords, collectively known as 437:

meetings where members deliberated on matters such as

4808: 4255: 4253: 4156:(in Bosnian). Bosna Franciscana via CEEOL. p. 77 4087: 3473:

Miroslav Krleža; Ivo Cecić; Igor Gostl, eds. (1980).

2920:(in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju. 1980:

were economically crucial as they provided access to

887:

in 1371. The crown was sent to him by Hungarian king

4784: 4319: 4307: 4293:. University of California Press. pp. 388–389. 3796: 4825: 4823: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4639: 4596: 4514: 4401: 4235: 4070: 3854: 3815: 3520: 3508: 3493: 3278: 5391: 4571: 4342: 4250: 3477:. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod. p. 217. 3201: 2980: 2894: 1380:Throughout his reign, Thomas waged a war with the 1365:and married the insubordinate nobleman's daughter 498:, was a major source of income for Bosnian kings. 4497:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 3062: 2081: 1996:on the Adriatic coast to form the basis of a new 1369:. Thomas and his second wife, both raised in the 790: 5980: 4957:(in Bosnian). Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta. 4820: 4574:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 4500:. University of Washington Press. pp. 23–. 3438: 3338:"Povelja kralja Tvrtka I Kotromanića Dubrovniku" 973: 4944: 4690:"Pejo Ćošković – Crkva bosanska u XV. stoljeću" 2964: 1494: 799:Golden coin minted during the reign of Tvrtko I 662:The right to take part in the sessions of the s 4177: 4173: 4171: 2971:. Naučno društvo NR Bosne i Hercegovine, 1961. 2766:] (in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga ( 1064:the kingdom's influence in the Balkans waned. 5377: 5009: 4493: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3335: 2562: 1992:. In 1382 Tvrtko built a new fortress in the 1562:Stjepan Tomašević, the last Bosnian king, by 1137:Ostoja was brought to power by the forces of 647:, and it is first attested in the charter of 4912: 4614: 4569: 4380: 747: 4683: 4681: 4539: 4168: 3698:Лазар Хребељановић: историја, култ, предање 3402:Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine 2668:(1399–1415), second wife of Stephen Ostoja. 1608:. After the fall of Bosnia, Catherine, the 680:was convoked when required, usually by the 602:consistently referred to Tvrtko as King of 564:, which had no heir to the throne in 1371. 403:, which itself lasted since at least 1154. 5384: 5370: 5016: 5002: 3560:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. 3378: 2983:Bosnia: A Short History (Vlachs in Bosnia) 2834:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 2781:Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača i njegovo doba 2569: 2555: 1819:Medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina had three 96: 4950: 4829: 4461: 4424: 4287:Medieval and Renaissance Studies (1978). 4282: 4280: 4271: 3695: 3611: 3555: 3199: 2943: 2892: 2774: 2054:The most important customs posts were in 1913:in support of Bosnian anti-King Radivoj. 1795:Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1791:Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1345:Death of Tvrtko II and Thomas's ascension 1121:was enthroned as the new King of Bosnia. 786:Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages 5353:Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina nobility 4889: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4678: 4672: 4660: 4565: 4563: 4337: 4147: 4110: 4098: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3920: 3887: 3875: 3848: 3833: 3809: 3790: 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3426: 3323: 3311: 3299: 2915: 2885:Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države 2803: 2792: 2786:Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača and his time 2752: 2085: 1920: 1776: 1758: 1557: 1434: 1411: 1348: 1208: 1173:Following a few minor disputes with the 1128: 977: 802: 794: 740:; as the royal power weakened, that of s 4913:Sulejmanagić, Amer (17 November 2017). 4748: 4615:Sulejmanagić, Amer (30 November 2012). 4578:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4468:Istorija srednjovekovne bosanske države 4431:Istorija srednjovekovne bosanske države 4349:. Princeton University Press. pp. 3642: 3636: 3558:A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3395: 3261:A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages 3231: 3116: 2875:Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države 2706: 2702:(1461–1463), wife of Stephen Tomašević. 1988:, which in turn provided access to the 1754: 1297:and to agree to pay an annual tribute. 1117:10 May, however, her husband's kinsman 567: 5981: 4814: 4381:Knuth, Rebecca; English, John (2003). 4277: 3658: 3580: 3336:Dautović, Dženan; Dedić, Enes (2016). 2975: 2860: 2759:Историја средњовековне босанске државе 2125:, consisted of a blue shield with six 1627: 1554:Stjepan Tomašević and Ottoman conquest 1518: 1300:In 1432, Stefan Lazarević's successor 536:. Although nominally belonging to the 5365: 4997: 4560: 4325: 4313: 3556:Singleton, Frederick Bernard (1985). 3432: 3092: 3028:Central and South-Eastern Europe 2003 2848: 2788:] (in Serbian). Naučno delo SANU. 2764:History of the medieval Bosnian state 2735: 1843:of Donji Kraji pledged allegiance to 1213:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, depicted in 879:grandmother had been a member of the 16:1377–1463 kingdom in Southeast Europe 5023: 4736: 4724: 4687: 4645: 4602: 4527: 4407: 4259: 4244: 4217: 4081: 3908: 3863: 3821: 3720: 3683: 3617: 3543: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3487: 3459: 3287: 3104: 3050: 3025: 2881: 2869: 2824: 2696:(1446–1461), wife of Stephen Thomas. 2690:(1443–1445), wife of Stephen Thomas. 2656:(1391–1395), wife of Stephen Dabiša. 2518:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1538:In 1451 Stjepan Vukčić attacked the 1421:Bosnia for their own future benefit. 899:in the church that was built during 3208:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2078:, who were often Ragusan citizens. 1598: 1353:Weapons of Medieval Bosnian kingdom 1304:, Sandalj, and the Ottomans helped 1125:Ostoja's and Tvrtko's II infighting 13: 4617:"Coins of Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić" 3624:Mile declared as national monument 3475:Enciklopedija Jugoslavije: Bje-Crn 2936: 2901:. Texas A&M University Press. 2865:(in Serbo-Croatian). HKD Napredak. 2742:Dubrovnik i Turska u XIV i XV veku 2489:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1384:over the lucrative mining town of 453:annexed portions of eastern Bosnia 14: 6020: 4982: 4894:(in Bosnian, English, and German) 4345:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time 3204:Yugoslavia: A Bibliographic Guide 3030:. Psychology Press. p. 100. 2968:Trgovina u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni 2965:Kovačević Kojić, Desanka (1961). 2810:. Sarajevo: Institut za itoriju. 2545:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal 2148: 730:election of the new king or queen 439:election of the new king or queen 4862: 3398:"Istorija parlamentarizma u BiH" 3200:Petrovich, Michael Boro (1974). 2538: 2182: 875:, the first Serbian Archbishop. 361: 336: 102:Medieval Bosnian State Expansion 79: 67: 60: 4763: 4754: 4709: 4700: 4608: 4570:Florin Curta (31 August 2006). 4533: 4487: 4374: 4223: 4141: 3689: 3665:Dr. Željko Fajfric: Kotromanići 3549: 3329: 3252: 3225: 3117:Malcolm, Noel (28 April 1994). 2662:, first wife of Stephen Ostoja. 2357:(Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463)) 2264:Bosnia in the Early Middle Ages 2058:, Vrabač, Deževice, Podvisoki, 2004:, the city came to be known as 1722: 1510:was also displeased due to the 5393:European Middle Ages by region 4835:"Žene u srednjovekovnoj Bosni" 4694:Institut Za Istoriju, Sarajevo 4494:Jean W Sedlar (1 March 2011). 4387:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4122:(in Bosnian) (33). CEEOL: 77. 3193: 3168: 3141: 3110: 3056: 3019: 2082:Historic visual identification 2000:centre. Initially named after 1656:by his second and younger son 791:Tvrtko's I ascension and reign 755:perceived Bosnia as a country 1: 4546:. Harvard CMES. pp. 4–. 3012: 1743:, initially belonging to the 986:, who is depicted on its side 974:Death of Tvrtko I and decline 859:rivers, and the districts of 692:clergy, not belonging to the 666:was enjoyed by every Bosnian 501: 5818:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway 5318:Kingdom of Yugoslavia period 4438:. pp. starting with 336 2944:Bataković, Dušan T. (1996). 2807:Crkva Bosanska U XV Stoljeću 1932:Important mining towns like 1495:Peace through royal marriage 573:crown he took was sent from 463:, falling in December 1481. 7: 4892:"Signa bosniensia rediviva" 3264:. BRILL. 11 February 2019. 2650:(1377–?), wife of Tvrtko I. 2312:Hum (Herzegovina from 1454) 1428:then rather obscure cousin 959:Albert III, Duke of Austria 871:, which held the relics of 851:, the upper reaches of the 847:. Tvrtko received parts of 388: 10: 6025: 4181:Essays on the Latin Orient 3696:Mihaljčić, Rade (2001) . 3355:: 242, 243. Archived from 3347:(in English and Bosnian). 3232:Dedijer, Vladimir (1974). 3063:Richard C. Frucht (2005). 2728: 2152: 1916: 1784: 982:Royal and judge's seat of 783: 779: 629: 505: 459:, with the last fortress, 25: 18: 5917:Principality of Chernigov 5826: 5747:Principality of Catalonia 5644: 5635: 5532: 5412: 5399: 5350: 5317: 5277: 5182: 5029: 4706:Okiç, Les Kristians, 128. 3648:Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja 3069:. ABC-CLIO. p. 631. 2893:Velikonja, Mitja (2003). 2641: 2462:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina 2137:; the Golden Lily is the 2129:displayed around a white 2016:Vlachs in medieval Bosnia 1925:King Tvrtko I, statue in 1483:. Stjepan turned to King 957:fostering relations with 748:International recognition 625: 494:. Mining, especially for 315: 305: 301: 288: 271: 267: 257: 253: 238: 223: 219: 209: 197: 185: 164: 107: 95: 56: 51: 37: 5896:Bosnia and Herzegovina ( 4184:. CUP Archive. pp. 3697: 2950:. Dialogue Association. 2155:List of rulers of Bosnia 1632:After the fall in 1463, 1602: "Emperor's Field" 1396:and the Serbian heiress 1373:tradition, converted to 579:Stefan the First-Crowned 26:Not to be confused with 5827:Central, Eastern Europe 5533:Central, Eastern Europe 5279:Austro-Hungarian period 4178:William Miller (1921). 4148:Kurtović, Esad (2010). 3670:23 October 2013 at the 3629:3 February 2008 at the 3587:Stari bosanski tekstovi 3238:. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 2916:Živković, Pavo (1981). 2804:Ćošković, Pejo (2005). 2793:Ćošković, Pejo (2009). 2676:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 2232:Central Bosnian culture 1668:fell in 1471, however, 1584:, Tomašević escaped to 1515:Ottomans on the other. 1069:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 1034:assist in the siege of 1016:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 908:Serbian Orthodox Church 839:, which were seized by 757:under their sovereignty 412:under their sovereignty 391:/ Краљевина Босна), or 5999:15th century in Bosnia 5994:14th century in Bosnia 5711:Burgundian Netherlands 5552:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4473:Serbian Literary Guild 4436:Serbian Literary Guild 3440:Van Antwerp Fine, John 3396:Radušić, Edin (2010). 3123:London Review of Books 2888:. Sarajevo: Svjetlost. 2861:Ljubez, Bruno (2009). 2768:Serbian Literary Guild 2622:(1432–1435; 1443–1446) 2609:(1404–1409; 1420–1443) 2603:(1398–1404; 1409–1418) 2511:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2176:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2091: 1929: 1886:It was common for the 1782: 1774: 1693:Ahmed Pasha Hercegović 1590:Mahmud Pasha Angelović 1566: 1440: 1417: 1354: 1217: 1134: 987: 808: 800: 592:Mary, Queen of Hungary 520:, as well as parts of 518:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5588:Late Medieval Kingdom 5584:High Medieval Kingdom 3650:(in Serbo-Croatian). 3446:, Saqi, p. 174, 3235:History of Yugoslavia 3026:Bell, Imogen (2002). 2854:Srednjovjekovna Bosna 2469:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2438:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 2372:Sanjak of Herzegovina 2089: 1924: 1780: 1762: 1717:Sanjak of Herzegovina 1683:Sanjak of Herzegovina 1561: 1438: 1415: 1402:religious persecution 1352: 1339:Stjepan Vukčić Kosača 1212: 1143:Republic of Dubrovnik 1132: 1012:Sanković noble family 981: 901:Stephen II Kotromanić 806: 798: 149:44.13694°N 18.23778°E 5796:Caliphate of Córdoba 5702:Republic of Florence 4919:Numizmatičke Vijesti 4890:Sulejmanagic, Amer. 4621:Numizmatičke Vijesti 4540:Mark Pinson (1996). 3119:"What is a Bosnian?" 2882:Vego, Marko (1982). 2826:Fine, John V. A. Jr. 2707:Timeline (1377–1463) 2684:, wife of Tvrtko II. 2648:Dorothea of Bulgaria 2388:Herzegovina Uprising 2329:Duchy of Herzegovina 2298:("zemlje"/counties: 2133:, all within a gold 1755:Culture and religion 1652:He was succeeded as 1647:Vladislav Hercegović 1542:, and laid siege to 1501:Catherine (Katarina) 637:Feudal fragmentation 568:Coronation of Tvrtko 431:feudal fragmentation 397:Bosansko kraljevstvo 43:Bosansko kraljevstvo 5787:Lordship of Ireland 5782:Kingdom of Scotland 5771:Kingdom of Portugal 5751:Kingdom of Valencia 5721:Kingdom of Asturias 4475:. pp. 340, 341 4220:, pp. 471–583. 3911:, pp. 463–464. 3686:, pp. 387–389. 3546:, pp. 392–393. 3053:, pp. 44, 148. 3004:Vojna enciklopedija 2205:Neolithic cultures: 2143:House of Kotromanić 1628:Herzegovina emerges 1527:and styled himself 1519:Renewal of conflict 1485:Alfonso V of Aragon 1103:Battle of Nicopolis 817:Lazar Hrebeljanović 774:Ladislaus of Naples 581:in 1217. A Serbian 310:Bosnian Golden Coin 145: / 46:Босанско краљевство 5947:Grand Principality 5865:Kingdom of Croatia 5812:Emirate of Granada 5777:Kingdom of England 5761:Kingdom of Navarre 5755:Kingdom of Majorca 5733:Kingdom of Galicia 5729:Kingdom of Castile 5692:Republic of Venice 5663:Kingdom of Bohemia 5064:Dinjčić-Kovačević 4831:Filipović, Emir O. 2380:Herzegovina Eyalet 2322:Bosansko Krajište 2119:Bosnia-Herzegovina 2096:Ohmučević Armorial 2092: 1964:like Nenavište in 1930: 1873:Radinović-Pavlović 1783: 1775: 1567: 1540:Republic of Ragusa 1489:Republic of Venice 1441: 1418: 1355: 1218: 1175:maritime republics 1135: 988: 825:Nikola Altomanović 813:Kotromanić dynasty 809: 801: 538:Kingdom of Hungary 154:44.13694; 18.23778 5989:Kingdom of Bosnia 5976: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5928:Novgorod Republic 5902:Kingdom of Bosnia 5840:Bulgarian Empire 5743:Kingdom of Aragon 5707:Duchy of Burgundy 5697:Republic of Genoa 5687:Kingdom of Naples 5682:Kingdom of Sicily 5671:Swiss Confederacy 5659:Holy Roman Empire 5631: 5630: 5359: 5358: 4964:978-9926-491-04-8 4696:(in Bosnian): 81. 4589:978-0-521-81539-0 4553:978-0-932885-12-8 4507:978-0-295-80064-6 4463:Ćirković, Sima M. 4426:Ćirković, Sima M. 4394:978-0-275-98088-7 4360:978-0-691-01078-6 4120:Bosna Franciscana 3271:978-90-04-39144-4 3215:978-0-8444-0041-9 3176:"Medieval Bosnia" 3161:978-86-7743-110-5 3076:978-1-57607-800-6 2856:. Zagreb: Eminex. 2841:978-0-472-08260-5 2635:Stephen Tomašević 2579: 2578: 2206: 2008:(meaning "new"). 1841:Vukosav Hrvatinić 1695:(around 1473) in 1658:Vlatko Hercegović 1578:Matthias Corvinus 1570:Stjepan Tomašević 1454:Roman Catholicism 1394:Stephen Tomašević 1382:Serbian Despotate 1375:Roman Catholicism 1272:, mayor Dragiša, 1133:Coin of Tvrtko II 719:Kraljeva Sutjeska 586:formal sovereign 575:Pope Honorius III 465:Stephen Tomašević 410:viewed Bosnia as 381:Kingdom of Bosnia 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 349: 348: 249: 245:Stephen Tomašević 240:• 1461–1463 234: 225:• 1377–1391 180:Eastern Orthodoxy 39:Kingdom of Bosnia 6016: 6009:Christian states 5898:Banate of Bosnia 5836:Byzantine Empire 5717:Crown of Castile 5667:Kingdom of Italy 5642: 5641: 5410: 5409: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5024:Bosnian nobility 5018: 5011: 5004: 4995: 4994: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4887: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4827: 4818: 4812: 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Armorial 1968:and Trebotić in 1821:Christian faiths 1749:Eyalet of Bosnia 1741:Sanjak of Bosnia 1737:Battle of Mohács 1701:Sultan Mehmed II 1603: 1600: 1234:Stefan Lazarević 1181:and Ragusa over 881:Nemanjić dynasty 753:Hungarian rulers 657:decentralization 562:Nemanjić dynasty 514:Banate of Bosnia 508:Banate of Bosnia 427:Balkan Peninsula 401:Banate of Bosnia 389:Kraljevina Bosna 365: 364: 357:Sanjak of Bosnia 353: 352: 344:Banate of Bosnia 340: 339: 333: 332: 317: 316: 292:Ottoman conquest 247: 232: 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 100: 83: 71: 64: 35: 34: 28:Banate of Bosnia 6024: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6004:Former kingdoms 5979: 5978: 5977: 5968: 5913:Kingdom of Rus' 5871:Crusader states 5828: 5822: 5739:Crown of Aragon 5725:Kingdom of León 5654:Frankish Empire 5647:Northern Europe 5646: 5637: 5627: 5534: 5528: 5415:Northern Europe 5414: 5406:political units 5405: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5390: 5360: 5355: 5346: 5319: 5313: 5281: 5273: 5186: 5178: 5031: 5025: 5022: 4985: 4980: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4925:(70): 175–215. 4921:(in Croatian). 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4888: 4884: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4686: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4515: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4460: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4423: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4395: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4339:Babinger, Franz 4336: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4230:Momčilo Spremić 4228: 4224: 4216: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4176: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4088: 4080: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 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4998: 4992: 4991: 4984: 4983:External links 4981: 4978: 4977: 4963: 4943: 4905: 4882: 4861: 4847: 4839:Zbornik radova 4819: 4817:, p. 149. 4807: 4805:, p. 312. 4795: 4783: 4781:, p. 292. 4771: 4762: 4753: 4741: 4739:, p. 128. 4729: 4727:, p. 129. 4717: 4708: 4699: 4677: 4675:, p. 207. 4665: 4663:, p. 138. 4650: 4648:, p. 281. 4638: 4607: 4605:, p. 279. 4595: 4588: 4559: 4552: 4532: 4530:, p. 487. 4513: 4506: 4486: 4471:(in Serbian). 4449: 4434:(in Serbian). 4412: 4410:, p. 585. 4400: 4393: 4373: 4359: 4330: 4328:, p. 120. 4318: 4316:, p. 119. 4306: 4299: 4276: 4274:, p. 106. 4272:Ćirković 1964a 4264: 4249: 4247:, p. 578. 4234: 4222: 4199: 4167: 4140: 4112:Kurtović, Esad 4103: 4086: 4084:, p. 472. 4069: 4057: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3892: 3880: 3878:, p. 185. 3868: 3866:, p. 459. 3853: 3851:, p. 184. 3838: 3836:, p. 176. 3826: 3824:, p. 458. 3814: 3795: 3793:, p. 174. 3780: 3778:, p. 173. 3768: 3766:, p. 171. 3756: 3754:, p. 165. 3744: 3742:, p. 164. 3729: 3713: 3706: 3688: 3676: 3657: 3644:Anđelić, Pavao 3635: 3616: 3612:Velikonja 2003 3601: 3573: 3566: 3548: 3531: 3529:, p. 384. 3519: 3517:, p. 122. 3507: 3505:, p. 119. 3492: 3480: 3458: 3453:978-0863565038 3452: 3431: 3429:, p. 172. 3419: 3408:on 25 May 2016 3377: 3328: 3326:, p. 138. 3316: 3314:, p. 137. 3304: 3302:, p. 136. 3292: 3290:, p. 113. 3277: 3270: 3251: 3244: 3224: 3214: 3192: 3167: 3160: 3140: 3109: 3097: 3082: 3075: 3055: 3043: 3036: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2973: 2962: 2956: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2913: 2907: 2890: 2879: 2867: 2858: 2846: 2840: 2822: 2816: 2801: 2790: 2776:Ćirković, Sima 2772: 2754:Ćirković, Sima 2750: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2629:Stephen Thomas 2626: 2625: 2624: 2610: 2604: 2601:Stephen Ostoja 2598: 2592: 2589:Stephen Dabiša 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2534: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2513: 2508: 2504:Western Bosnia 2491: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2456:SFR Yugoslavia 2453: 2448: 2444:Drina Banovina 2434: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2416:Bosnian crisis 2406: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2386:(1867-1908) / 2384:Bosnia Vilayet 2382:(1833–1851) / 2374:(1481–1833) / 2359: 2354: 2348: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2326: 2320: 2281: 2279:(~9th–14th c.) 2269: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244:Roman Pannonia 2241: 2239:Roman Dalmatia 2236: 2219: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2169: 2162: 2150: 2149:List of rulers 2147: 2083: 2080: 1918: 1915: 1892:Stephen Thomas 1881:Stjepan Vukčić 1877:Sandalj Hranić 1833:Bosnian Church 1787:Bosnian Church 1756: 1753: 1745:Rumelia Eyalet 1724: 1721: 1675:Bosnian Sanjak 1641:, lord of the 1639:Stjepan Vukčić 1629: 1626: 1606:Ottoman Empire 1582:siege on Jajce 1564:Jacopo Bellini 1555: 1552: 1520: 1517: 1496: 1493: 1449:Bosnian Church 1430:Stephen Thomas 1409: 1406: 1390:Croatia proper 1371:Bosnian Church 1346: 1343: 1330:Komotin Castle 1310:Juraj Vojsalić 1241: 1238: 1231:Serbian Despot 1204:Central Bosnia 1126: 1123: 1077:Sandalj Hranić 975: 972: 967:King Sigismund 889:Louis of Anjou 841:Đurađ I Balšić 821:Serbian Empire 792: 789: 781: 778: 765:Sandalj Hranić 749: 746: 690:Bosnian Church 659:of the state. 630:Main article: 627: 624: 608:King of Bosnia 569: 566: 506:Main article: 503: 500: 450:Ottoman Empire 385:Serbo-Croatian 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 359: 350: 347: 346: 341: 329: 328: 323: 313: 312: 307: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 289: 286: 285: 282: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 258:Historical era 255: 254: 251: 250: 242: 239: 236: 235: 227: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 207: 206: 201: 195: 194: 189: 183: 182: 172:Bosnian Church 166: 162: 161: 128: 127: 122: 117: 111: 109: 105: 104: 101: 93: 92: 85: 78: 77: 73: 66: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 49: 48: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6021: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829:and Near East 5825: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5634: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535:and Near East 5531: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5342:Rizvanbegović 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5304:Rizvanbegović 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249:Rizvanbegović 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5028: 5019: 5014: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4947: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4850: 4848:9789926802516 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4816: 4811: 4804: 4803:Ćirković 1964 4799: 4792: 4791:Ćošković 2009 4787: 4780: 4779:Ćirković 1964 4775: 4766: 4757: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4673:Ćošković 2005 4669: 4662: 4661:Ćošković 2005 4657: 4655: 4647: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4575: 4566: 4564: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4409: 4404: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4377: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4310: 4302: 4300:0-520-03608-5 4296: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4273: 4268: 4262:, p. 48. 4261: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4174: 4172: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4099:Živković 1981 4095: 4093: 4091: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4067:, p. 84. 4066: 4065:Živković 1981 4061: 4055:, p. 82. 4054: 4053:Živković 1981 4049: 4043:, p. 79. 4042: 4041:Živković 1981 4037: 4031:, p. 76. 4030: 4029:Živković 1981 4025: 4019:, p. 72. 4018: 4017:Živković 1981 4013: 4007:, p. 71. 4006: 4005:Živković 1981 4001: 3995:, p. 68. 3994: 3993:Živković 1981 3989: 3983:, p. 62. 3982: 3981:Živković 1981 3977: 3971:, p. 61. 3970: 3969:Živković 1981 3965: 3959:, p. 59. 3958: 3957:Živković 1981 3953: 3947:, p. 47. 3946: 3945:Živković 1981 3941: 3935:, p. 42. 3934: 3933:Živković 1981 3929: 3923:, p. 41. 3922: 3921:Živković 1981 3917: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3890:, p. 25. 3889: 3888:Živković 1981 3884: 3877: 3876:Ćirković 1964 3872: 3865: 3860: 3858: 3850: 3849:Ćirković 1964 3845: 3843: 3835: 3834:Ćirković 1964 3830: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3810:Ćošković 2005 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3791:Ćirković 1964 3787: 3785: 3777: 3776:Ćirković 1964 3772: 3765: 3764:Ćirković 1964 3760: 3753: 3752:Ćirković 1964 3748: 3741: 3740:Ćirković 1964 3736: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3709: 3707:86-83565-01-7 3703: 3692: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3620: 3614:, p. 33. 3613: 3608: 3606: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3569: 3567:0-521-27485-0 3563: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3489: 3484: 3476: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3428: 3427:Ćirković 1964 3423: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3324:Ćirković 1964 3320: 3313: 3312:Ćirković 1964 3308: 3301: 3300:Ćirković 1964 3296: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3245:9780070162358 3241: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3196: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3144: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3039: 3037:9781857431360 3033: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2994:9780814755204 2990: 2985: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2957:9782911527104 2953: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2929: 2927:0-472-08260-4 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2908:1-58544-226-7 2904: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2817:9789958964268 2813: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2682:Dorothy Garai 2680: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2567: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2536: 2535: 2528: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500:Herzeg-Bosnia 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378:(1580-1867), 2377: 2376:Bosnia Eyalet 2373: 2370:(1463–1580), 2369: 2368:Bosnia Sanjak 2363: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2285: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2194:Early history 2190: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127:Golden Lilies 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2049: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2002:Saint Stephen 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1923: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869:Hrvoje Vukčić 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1766:monuments in 1765: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1612:, escaped to 1611: 1607: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1471:In 1443, the 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1431: 1426: 1414: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1200: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139:Hrvoje Vukčić 1131: 1122: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1005: 1004:Ottoman Turks 1001: 997: 993: 985: 980: 971: 968: 964: 960: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 805: 797: 787: 777: 775: 771: 766: 761: 758: 754: 745: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 580: 576: 565: 563: 559: 554: 550: 546: 542: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 509: 499: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 415: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 360: 358: 355: 354: 351: 345: 342: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 314: 311: 308: 304: 300: 296: 293: 287: 283: 280: 276: 270: 266: 263: 260: 256: 252: 246: 243: 237: 231: 228: 222: 218: 214: 212: 208: 205: 202: 200: 196: 193: 190: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 170: 167: 163: 158: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 112: 110: 106: 99: 94: 88: 82: 70: 63: 55: 50: 44: 36: 33: 29: 22: 5943:Principality 5901: 5677:Papal States 5402:histories of 5174:Zlatonosović 5069:Draživojević 5059:Branivojević 4968:. Retrieved 4953: 4946: 4934:. Retrieved 4922: 4918: 4908: 4896:. Retrieved 4885: 4864: 4852:. Retrieved 4838: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4749:Malcolm 1994 4744: 4732: 4720: 4711: 4702: 4693: 4668: 4641: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4598: 4573: 4542: 4535: 4496: 4489: 4477:. Retrieved 4467: 4440:. Retrieved 4430: 4403: 4383: 4376: 4364:. Retrieved 4344: 4333: 4321: 4309: 4289: 4267: 4225: 4190:. Retrieved 4180: 4158:. Retrieved 4154:academia.edu 4153: 4143: 4131:. Retrieved 4119: 4106: 4101:, p. 9. 4060: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4012: 4000: 3988: 3976: 3964: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3883: 3871: 3829: 3817: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3716: 3691: 3679: 3660: 3651: 3647: 3638: 3619: 3592:. Retrieved 3586: 3576: 3557: 3551: 3522: 3510: 3483: 3474: 3443: 3434: 3422: 3410:. Retrieved 3406:the original 3401: 3371: 3364:. Retrieved 3357:the original 3348: 3344: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3295: 3260: 3254: 3234: 3227: 3219: 3203: 3195: 3183:. Retrieved 3179: 3170: 3150: 3143: 3131:. Retrieved 3126: 3122: 3112: 3100: 3065: 3058: 3046: 3027: 3021: 3003: 2982: 2977:Malcom, Noel 2967: 2946: 2917: 2896: 2884: 2874: 2862: 2853: 2830: 2806: 2795: 2785: 2780: 2763: 2758: 2741: 2618: 2615:(1418–1420) 2482:Contemporary 2451:World War II 2410:Habsburg era 2403:Habsburg era 2390:(1875–1877)) 2290: 2287:(~1154–1377) 2116: 2093: 2053: 2044: 2019: 2014: 2010: 1998:salt trading 1994:Bay of Kotor 1990:Adriatic Sea 1931: 1906: 1885: 1864: 1849: 1818: 1798: 1726: 1723:Jajce banate 1669: 1653: 1651: 1633: 1631: 1622: 1610:queen-mother 1568: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1505: 1498: 1481:John Hunyadi 1470: 1461: 1444: 1442: 1419: 1379: 1356: 1299: 1283:royal domain 1279: 1265:, including 1255: 1243: 1219: 1195: 1172: 1136: 1107: 1088: 1066: 1062: 1051: 1040: 1008: 989: 955: 912: 905: 877: 845:Lord of Zeta 810: 762: 751: 741: 737: 727: 701: 697: 693: 677: 673: 667: 663: 661: 652: 635: 571: 547:, rulers of 511: 469: 447: 416: 405: 396: 392: 380: 378: 326:Succeeded by 325: 320: 87:Coat of arms 42: 32: 5909:Kievan Rus' 5645:Western and 5638:territories 5562:Czech lands 5413:Western and 5327:Kapetanović 5294:Kapetanović 5259:Skenderović 5244:Miloradović 5219:Kapetanović 5199:Gradaščević 5134:Radivojević 5109:Miloradović 5104:Ljubibratić 4878:pp. 289-294 4815:Ljubez 2009 4192:26 February 3582:Dizdar, Mak 3412:29 December 3220:coronation. 3185:31 December 3133:31 December 3107:, p. . 2871:Vego, Marko 2850:Klaić, Nada 2796:Kotromanići 2737:Božić, Ivan 2637:(1461–1463) 2631:(1443–1461) 2597:(1395–1398) 2591:(1391–1395) 2585:(1377–1391) 2494:Bosnian War 2362:Ottoman era 2345:Ottoman era 2332:(1463–1482) 2324:(1451-1463) 2308:Donji Kraji 2294:(1377-1463) 2257:Middle Ages 2036:slave trade 1974:Via Narenta 1927:Herceg Novi 1867:", such as 1081:Radivojević 1056:(count) of 1047:river Bosna 1020:John Horvat 1002:, and even 984:Queen Helen 951:Donji Kraji 744:increased. 541:crown lands 457:Herzegovina 443:coronations 429:. However, 321:Preceded by 297:5 June 1463 262:Middle Ages 169:Catholicism 152: / 5983:Categories 5804:Almoravids 5792:al-Andalus 5765:Portugal ( 5608:Anatolia ( 5214:Isabegović 5209:Hersekzade 5204:Hercegović 5139:Radojević‎ 5129:Radinović‎ 5094:Kotromanić 5074:Hercegović 5039:Berislavić 4970:26 October 4936:26 October 4874:8677430555 4854:26 October 4627:(65): 55. 4326:Božić 1952 4314:Božić 1952 3723:, p. 3093:Klaić 1994 3013:References 2748:Via Scribd 2498:(defunct: 2431:Yugoslavia 2201:Prehistory 2174:History of 2153:See also: 2112:escutcheon 2098:and later 1946:Srebrenica 1896:Franciscan 1845:Stephen II 1816:religion. 1705:Bayezid II 1512:Srebrenica 1386:Srebrenica 1295:suzerainty 873:Saint Sava 784:See also: 734:coronation 534:Montenegro 502:Background 484:Srebrenica 275:Coronation 199:Government 187:Demonym(s) 140:18°14′16″E 137:44°08′13″N 5963:Despotate 5907:Ukraine ( 5891:Jerusalem 5855:Croatia ( 5610:Byzantine 5582:Hungary ( 5573:Byzantine 5472:1169–1536 5332:Kulenović 5320:1918-1941 5309:Sokolović 5299:Kulenović 5282:1878-1918 5269:Sokolović 5234:Kulenović 5194:Borovinić 5187:1463–1878 5154:Vlatković 5124:Pavlović‎ 5114:Mirković‎ 5084:Hrvatinić 5054:Borićević 5049:Bogutović 5044:Bogopenec 4931:0546-9422 4737:Vego 1957 4725:Vego 1957 4646:Fine 1994 4633:0546-9422 4603:Fine 1994 4528:Fine 1994 4408:Fine 1994 4260:Vego 1982 4245:Fine 1994 4218:Fine 1994 4128:1330-7487 4082:Fine 1994 3909:Fine 1994 3864:Fine 1994 3822:Fine 1994 3721:Fine 1994 3684:Fine 1994 3544:Fine 1994 3527:Fine 1994 3515:Vego 1982 3503:Vego 1982 3488:Vego 1982 3345:Godišnjak 3288:Vego 1982 3105:Fine 1994 3051:Fine 1994 3002:"Jajce". 2852:(1994) . 2778:(1964a). 2694:Catherine 2607:Tvrtko II 2276:Zachumlia 2106:with two 2070:, Borač, 1986:Dubrovnik 1978:Via Drine 1958:Podvisoki 1907:Kristjani 1899:monastery 1733:Srebrenik 1462:Kristjani 1447:, as the 1445:Krstjanin 1367:Catherine 1246:anti-king 1223:Zachlumia 1221:northern 1167:Srebrenik 1147:Tvrtko II 1071:, Prince 963:Habsburgs 829:Dračevica 616:feast day 583:logothete 545:Ban Kulin 492:Podvisoki 480:Srebrenik 406:Although 165:Religion 52:1377–1463 5959:Lordship 5941:Serbia ( 5922:Russia ( 5861:Pannonia 5857:Dalmatia 5808:Almohads 5636:Medieval 5571:Greece ( 5483:Scotland 5468:800–1169 5400:Medieval 5337:Pozderac 5264:Skopljak 5254:Sijerčić 5229:Kraloğlu 5169:Vojsalić 5149:Sabančić 5144:Sanković 5099:Kulinić‎ 5030:Medieval 4898:25 March 4833:(2015). 4479:21 March 4442:21 March 4341:(1978). 4160:30 April 4133:30 April 4114:(2010). 3668:Archived 3627:Archived 3584:(1971). 3442:(2007), 2979:(1994). 2873:(1957). 2828:(1994). 2756:(1964). 2739:(1952). 2583:Tvrtko I 2316:Podrinje 2272:Travunia 2165:a series 2163:Part of 2123:Dalmatia 2072:Višegrad 2060:Trebinje 1970:Podrinje 1966:Posavina 1954:Kamenica 1911:Ottomans 1888:Holy See 1875:family, 1865:Krstjani 1837:Bogomils 1829:Orthodox 1825:Catholic 1813:Orthodox 1809:Catholic 1768:Radimlja 1709:Ajaz-Bey 1697:Istanbul 1666:Počitelj 1618:Holy See 1574:Holy See 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