Tvrtko I of Bosnia

621:, an honour that guaranteed them sanctuary in Venice in case of necessity but also obligated Tvrtko to protect Venetian merchants. Various charters issued by the previous bans of Bosnia, and confirmed by Tvrtko on his accession, promised the same protection to Ragusan merchants. In late 1365, however, both republics complained to Tvrtko about the treatment of their merchants by his vassals. Evidently, the Ban had lost control over his feudatories. The anarchy escalated, and in February of the following year, the magnates revolted against Tvrtko and dethroned him. Little is known about the circumstances under which Tvrtko was deposed. Accusing the magnates of treachery against "foremostly God" and himself, Tvrtko fled Bosnia with his mother. He was replaced by his younger brother, who had hitherto functioned as "junior ban". Vuk's personal role in the rebellion is uncertain. 958:

Ragusa. Tvrtko, however, offered the Ragusans help in fighting Venice, which they initially refused. The death of George I of Zeta warranted Tvrtko's involvement in Serbian affairs, which reduced his ability to take an active part in the conflict. The Ragusans started calling for the destruction of Kotor, whose officials promised to renounce fealty to Venice and return to Louis. Kotor failed to fulfil this promise but instead promised fealty to Tvrtko, who laid claim to the city as part of his Nemanjić ancestors' heritage. The political climate was ideal since he was to take Kotor from his overlord's enemy. The Ragusans were furious, and an embargo ensued. Tvrtko defended Kotor from Ragusa but was betrayed in June 1379, when the city overthrew its Venetian governor and submitted again directly to Louis.

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Elizabeth. The great unpopularity of the queens led to rebellions and presented an opportunity for Tvrtko, not only to reclaim Drijeva and other lands lost to Louis in 1357 but also to seize Kotor. When exactly or how this took place is not known. Already in the spring of 1383, Tvrtko started building a navy: he bought a galley from Venice, ordered two more to be built, and employed a Venetian patrician as his admiral with the consent of the republic. Around the same time, he erected a new town,

673: 3350: 1218: 1258:. Hungary remained the focus of Tvrtko's foreign policy, however. Although they did not recognize each other as kings, Tvrtko and Sigismund started negotiating peace in September. Sigismund was in a weaker position and likely ready to make concessions to Tvrtko when his ambassadors arrived at Tvrtko's court in January 1391. The negotiations were probably never concluded, as Tvrtko died on 10 March. He is buried in Mile alongside his uncle Stephen II. 42: 728:. The marriage was likely arranged by Louis, who had kept Dorothea and her sister as honored hostages at his court to ensure Ivan Stratsimir's loyalty. The bride was Orthodox, but the marriage was celebrated in the Catholic rite by Tvrtko's old enemy Peter, bishop of Bosnia, to whom Tvrtko then awarded large tracts of land. Tvrtko thereby solidified his relations with the Roman Catholic Church and earned recognition from 546: 909: 3102: 1028:

fact, they so respected his strength that they made concessions to win his favour: one of the concessions being their recognition of Tvrtko's possession of Kotor in the spring of 1385. The incorporation of the trade centres of Drijeva and Kotor did not result in a significant expansion on the coast, but it was of great importance to the Bosnian economy and the King's finances.

637:, ruler of eastern Hum, defected to Vuk in late 1366. Throughout the following year, Tvrtko forced Vuk southwards, eventually compelling him to flee to Ragusa. Sanko, Vuk's last supporter, submitted to Tvrtko in late summer and was allowed to retain his holdings. Ragusan officials made an effort to procure peace between the feuding brothers, and in 1368, Vuk asked 665:. When Vojislav attacked Ragusa in 1361, the republic appealed to Tvrtko for help, but to no avail. Vojislav's widow Gojislava, ruling on behalf of their minor sons, provided Tvrtko with passage through the family's land during his struggle with Vuk, and Tvrtko remained cordial with the family. He was, however, unable to defend her from her nephew 496:. Donji Kraji and Hum were purposely omitted from their title, with Usora likely having been granted as compensation. Two conditions were forced upon the Bosnians: one of the two Kotromanić brothers would be at Louis's court whenever the other was in Bosnia, and they would make an effort to suppress the "heretical" 1058:, invaded Bohemia with the intent to liberate her and ascend her throne. The neighbouring countries took sides: Venice opted for the queens and Sigismund, but Tvrtko chose to support their opponents and Ladislaus's claim to Hungary, thus tacitly renouncing vassalage that had in any case been only nominal since 1288:

noted that, compared with Dušan, who had also left a considerably extended state, Tvrtko was not an overly ambitious conqueror as much as he was an able statesman. Tvrtko, he wrote, used force when necessary but otherwise took care to appear to Serbians as the legitimate heir rather than as a foreign

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in 1378, and it soon involved Venice's neighbours. King Louis took Genoa's side, and Ragusa—subordinate to Hungary, and Venice's competitor in the Adriatic—did so as well. The Venetians, having taken Kotor in August 1378, made an effort to have Tvrtko join the war on their side, which caused panic in

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The ambitious Nicholas soon started inciting rebellions against Tvrtko; Sanko Miltenović rose against his lord again and was once more defeated and pardoned in 1369. Tvrtko and Nicholas made peace in August 1370, but the latter's belligerence soon earned him the enmity of all his neighbours. Entering

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responded praising both the Kingdom of Bosnia and its king for achieving a "victory so glorious that the memory of it would never fade". The triumph, however, was hollow. Tvrtko's Serbian title lost what little actual significance it had when Lazar's successors accepted Ottoman suzerainty, while Vuk

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The failure to seize Kotor, the damage to the Bosnian economy from the Ragusan embargo, and the need for easier access to maritime trade led Tvrtko to found the youngest medieval town on the eastern Adriatic coast. In early 1382, Tvrtko constructed a new fortress in the Bay of Kotor and decided that

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named Blagoje, having found refuge at Tvrtko's court, attributed to Tvrtko the right to a "double crown": one for Bosnia, which his family had ruled since its foundation, and the other for the Serbian lands of his Nemanjić ancestors, who had "left the earthly realm for the heavenly kingdom". Arguing

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At the start of his personal rule, the young Ban somehow considerably increased his power. Although he constantly emphasized his subservience and loyalty to the King, Tvrtko started regarding the loyalty of the Donji Kraji noblemen to Louis as treachery against himself. In 1363, a conflict broke out

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to the seashore, where they were bought chiefly by the Republics of Ragusa and Venice. The maritime cities of Ragusa and Kotor also depended on Tvrtko's realm for food, a dependency the King leveraged to increase the initially low and, for the Bosnians, disadvantageous prices. Yet, Bosnia could not

701:, both backed by Louis of Hungary, acted to protect the cities. Lazar, too, swore fealty to Louis, after which he and Tvrtko were given 1,000 horsemen to counter Nicholas, who was completely defeated in the autumn of 1373, his lands being divided between the victorious allies. Tvrtko took the upper 1062:

1370. Elizabeth was strangled in prison, while Sigismund's coronation as King of Hungary in March 1387 and subsequent liberation of Mary prompted Tvrtko to act more resolutely. From Ragusa, still loyal to Queen Mary, exacted a promise of support against everyone but the Queen. From then on, he was

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in order to associate himself with the Nemanjić kings; his successors followed suit. Tvrtko, at times, completely omitted his birth name and used only the honorific. Tvrtko's right to kingship was derived from his right to the Serbian throne, and was likely recognized by Lazar Hrebljanović and Vuk

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The idea of restoring the Serbian Empire nevertheless persisted. George discussed it in one of his charters, but the Serbian regional lords were not considered suitable. They had only recently risen to prominence and lacked illustrious family backgrounds and formal titles to their lands; they were

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The state assembled by Tvrtko's uncle Stephen broke apart on Tvrtko's accession, much to the satisfaction of his overlord King Louis. The Hungarians were keen to encourage Stephen's vassals to act independently from Tvrtko, forcing Tvrtko to compete with Louis for their loyalty in order to rebuild

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Having taken as much Serbian land as he could, King Tvrtko turned his attention to the coast. The rapid economic growth of Bosnia, having begun during the reign of Tvrtko's uncle, continued unabated even during the political upheavals that followed Tvrtko's accession. The export of metal ores and

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Tvrtko's engagement in the east allowed Sigismund's forces to reverse some of his gains in Dalmatia. Klis was briefly lost in July, the Dalmatian cities again refused to surrender, and Tvrtko was forced to relaunch raids. A series of battles and skirmishes from November to December resulted in a

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In 1385, Tvrtko still formally recognized Hungarian supremacy, although it no longer had any practical meaning. He emphasized his loyalty to the queens, "his dearest sisters", and cited his oath of fealty to them. Mary and Elizabeth, however, had no power to enforce their suzerainty over him. In

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Tvrtko I is considered one of the greatest medieval rulers of Bosnia, having "left behind a country larger, stronger, politically more influential and militarily more capable than the one he inherited." His political achievements were aided by the feudal anarchy in Serbia and Croatia, while the

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By 1388, the devastation of Dalmatia by the Bosnian army had become so severe that the authorities of the cities pleaded with Sigismund to either help them or to allow them to save themselves by submitting without being labelled as traitors. Neither Sigismund's army nor an alliance of Dalmatian

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Tvrtko's yielding in the legal dispute with Ragusa may have been brought about by another major change: the death of King Louis I on 11 September 1382. Without a male heir, the Hungarian crown passed to Louis's 13-year-old daughter Mary and the reins of government to his widow, Tvrtko's cousin

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Tvrtko acted resolutely and efficiently. He and Jelena took refuge at the Hungarian royal court, where they were welcomed by Tvrtko's former enemy and overlord, King Louis. Apparently dissatisfied with the turn of events in Bosnia, Louis provided Tvrtko with aid (likely military) in reclaiming

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In the last months of his reign, Tvrtko devoted himself to solidifying his position in Dalmatia and to plans for taking Zadar, the only Dalmatian city that had evaded his rule. He offered an extensive alliance to Venice, but it did not suit the republic's interests. Meanwhile, Tvrtko was also

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was believed to be far from the reach of the Ottomans during Tvrtko I's reign, shielded by a belt of independent Serbian statelets. George II of Zeta, however, purposely enabled the Turks to launch raids against Bosnia, first in 1386 (of which little is known) and again in 1388. In the second

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looked favourably on the development, but the Ragusans were very displeased at the prospect of losing their salt trade monopoly. They argued that Tvrtko, as king of Serbia, should respect the exclusive rights to salt trade granted by his Nemanjić predecessors to Ragusa, Kotor, Drijeva, and

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having lost all hope, Tvrtko called upon them to negotiate their surrender in March 1389. Each city asked to be the last one to submit and even to be allowed to request Sigismund's assistance. Tvrtko granted their wish and decided that Split should be the last to submit by 15 June 1389.

875:, which had been paid to the kings of Serbia since the 13th century. Although he presented himself as the heir to the Nemanjić crown, Tvrtko decided to assume the royal title of his great-grandfather, rather than continue Dušan's unpopular claim to an imperial style, thus becoming " 537:

residence were discovered. The Bosnian Church, meanwhile, survived throughout Tvrtko's reign but only became prominent in state affairs after his death. One hostile source even tried to link Tvrtko himself to the Church due to his tolerance of all local faiths, including Hum's

1035:, who also desired the city. Nothing is known about Balša's military conflict with Tvrtko except that the latter asked Venice, whose trading opportunities were threatened by the clashes, to mediate with the Lord of Zeta. The mediation was thwarted by Balša's death in the 1385 661:. It disintegrated into autonomous lordships that could not resist Bosnia by themselves. This paved the way for Tvrtko to expand towards the east, but internal problems prevented him from seizing the opportunity immediately. A lordship on Bosnia's eastern border was that of 864:, contradict recent researches based on modern methodology elsewhere. Citing more recent archaeological and historical researches, Croatian and Bosnian historians agree that the coronation took place in the Franciscan Church of Saint Nicholas in the Bosnian town of 1204:. The outcome of the battle was difficult to ascertain, but Vlatko's letters from the battlefield convinced Tvrtko that the Christian alliance came out victorious. Tvrtko, in turn, informed various Christian states of his great triumph; the authorities of the 1230:

finally surrendered to Tvrtko, who then started calling himself "by the grace of God king of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Pomorje". Acting as king of Dalmatia and Croatia, Tvrtko appointed his supporters John of Palisna and John Horvat as his

629:(where he then resided), Hum, and Usora. In order to secure the loyalty of the noblemen he had subjugated, as well as to win over those still supporting Vuk, Tvrtko bestowed a number of grants; in August he invested Vukac Hrvatinić with the entire 900:, Ragusa even complaining, in 1378, about Tvrtko's preoccupation with his new kingdom. Despite his cordial relations with its clergy, Tvrtko's claim to Serbia did not enjoy the support of the Orthodox Church, severely hindering Tvrtko's efforts. 350:

Tvrtko is widely considered one of Bosnia's greatest medieval rulers, having enlarged the country's borders to their greatest extent, left a strong economy, and improved the living standards of his subjects. He was survived by at least one son,

472:, and throughout his realm he ardently reclaimed all lands that once belonged to the monarch. Taking advantage of the precarious situation early in Tvrtko's reign, Louis moved to claim most of Donji Kraji and western Hum up to the river 322:

and the major maritime cities of the area, established new settlements and started building a navy, but never succeeded in subjugating the lords of the independent Serbian territories. The death of King Louis and the accession of

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ordered their merchants to leave Bosnia due to an imminent clash. An army led by Louis himself attacked Donji Kraji, where the nobility was divided in its loyalties between Tvrtko and Louis. A month later an army led by the

347:. The Ottoman Turks also launched their first attacks on Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign, but his army was able to repel them. Tvrtko's sudden death in 1391 prevented him from solidifying the Kotromanić hold on Croatian lands. 616:

The unity of the Bosnian magnates waned as soon as the Hungarians were defeated, weakening Tvrtko's position and that of a united Bosnia. In 1364, Tvrtko, his mother, and his brother were granted citizenship of the

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became more insistent on curbing the Bosnian Church. This endangered Tvrtko, for although he was a Roman Catholic throughout his life, Louis now had a religious pretext for invading Bosnia. The death of the

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and—most importantly—could boast descent from the Nemanjić dynasty. A genealogy published in Tvrtko's newly conquered Serbian lands emphasized his Nemanjić ancestry, derived from his paternal grandmother,

1050:. Elizabeth had Charles assassinated the following February, and Mary was restored to the throne. On 25 July, however, both women ended up imprisoned by the supporters of the murdered monarch's son, King 783:

suzerainty, Marko was not recognized as king by any of the Serbian magnates, effectively leaving the throne vacant. Serbia was divided between Marko (whose small realm extended no further than western

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between the two men. The cause is not clear, although Louis stated that his intention was to eradicate the Bosnian heretics. By April, the King had begun amassing an army; and in May, officials of the

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held out against a "massive attack" by the royal army, which suffered the embarrassment of losing the King's seal. The successful defense of Srebrenik marked Tvrtko's first victory against Hungary.

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by which Tvrtko was to inherit all the cities held by his maternal grandfather and a city which belonged to his aunt Katarina. Still, it is unknown whether he actually took possession of them.

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in 1382 allowed Tvrtko to take advantage of the ensuing succession crisis in Hungary and Croatia. After bitter fighting, from 1385 to 1390, Tvrtko succeeded in conquering large parts of

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Ottomans were still not close enough to threaten him seriously. The Bosnian economy flourished, new settlements and trade centres appeared, and his subjects' living standards improved.

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15 June 1389, the date by which Tvrtko had intended to complete his conquest of Dalmatia, was also the day when the Ottoman army met the forces of a coalition of Serbian states at the

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subjugator and to the Croatians as the preferable ruler. Emphasizing his patience and diplomacy, Ćorović calls Tvrtko a man capable of making the most out of his opportunities.

609: 1200:, for selling weaponry to the Ottomans in wake of the battle. The highest ranking among the casualties, which also included Bosnian noblemen, were Lazar and the Ottoman ruler 1104:

areas, the cities refused to capitulate. Their officials were willing to honour King Tvrtko but insisted that Queen Mary and King Sigismund were their legitimate sovereigns.

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clergy but later enjoyed cordial relations with all the religious communities in his realm. After initial difficulties—the loss of large parts of Bosnia to his overlord, King

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Little is known about internal affairs in Bosnia between 1357 when Tvrtko started ruling on his own and 1363. His religious policy came into focus in this period, as the

938:, which lacked any major settlements. The three major cities in the area were all controlled by Hungary: Drijeva (which Tvrtko was forced to cede to Louis in 1357), 1269:, a relative (possibly illegitimate half-brother) exiled by Tvrtko I for his part in the 1366 rebellion and reconciled with him in 1390, was elected king instead. 3625: 1017: 576: 625:

Bosnia. Tvrtko returned to Bosnia in March and reestablished control over a part of the country by the end of the month, including the areas of Donji Kraji,

1254:. By the late summer of 1390, a marriage was expected to be contracted between the recently widowed Tvrtko and a member of the Austrian ruling family, the 892:

Branković. Still, Tvrtko never established authority over the regional lords of Serbia. Tvrtko's new title was also approved by Louis and by his successor

868:. This place is certainly the undisputed location of the coronations of Tvrtko I's successors, as well as the burial place of some of his predecessors. 3595: 1239: 860:, was adopted among historians like Jiriček (in 1923), Ćorović (1925), Dinić (1932), Solovjev (1933). Such an opinion, still perpetuated only in 3294: 795:

mere "lords". Tvrtko not only controlled a significant portion of Serbia but was a member of the dynasty which had ruled as bans of Bosnia from

1160:, Tvrtko was also engaged in skirmishes in the east of his realm, preventing him from focusing all of his manpower on expansion westwards. The 641:

to intervene with King Louis I on his behalf. Those efforts were futile; but by 1374, Tvrtko had reconciled with Vuk on very generous terms.

3113: 982:(meaning "new"). Commerce started in August, when the first ships carrying salt arrived, but so did trouble. Kotor and the merchants from 669:, who, by November 1368, had seized her sons' lands. All Tvrtko could do was help the dispossessed widow safely reach her native Albania. 1209:

Branković turned to Tvrtko's enemy Sigismund. Since the Battle of Kosovo, the Bosnian claim to the Serbian throne was merely nominal.

717:. This was the first significant expansion of Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign and gave him substantial influence over Serbian affairs. 3585: 759:, making his final conquests of the Serbian lands. By that time, Serbia had been reduced to a patchwork of independent lordships. 3620: 3501: 521:, a supporter of both Stephen II and Tvrtko I and acknowledged by the latter as his "spiritual father"—led to the appointment of 844:). However, there is still no full consensus as to where, and by whom it was performed. The opinion that the Ragusan chronicler 3521: 399:. Although Vladislav was still alive, Stephen's title passed directly to Tvrtko; the reason for Vladislav's exclusion from the 2992: 921:

metalwork (mainly silver, copper and lead) formed the backbone of the Bosnian economy. These goods were transported over the

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and was likely born within a year of their marriage, which was celebrated in 1337. His father was the brother of the Bosnian

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Fortress of Novi, built by Tvrtko I in 1382, with its newly founded port immediately became an economic hub of the kingdom.

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remained loyal to Mary and Sigismund, not least thanks to the couple's alliance with Venice. A notable exception was

3075:"Grobovi bosanskih srednjovjekovnih vladara u crkvi srpsko-pravoslavnog manastira Vaznesenja Gospodnjeg u Mileševi?" 3615: 3485: 3429: 1046:

The revolt against Elizabeth and Mary culminated in late 1385 when Mary was deposed in favour of her kinsman, King

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succession is unclear. Tvrtko, however, was only about fifteen years old at the time, so his father governed as

2797:"Historijska karta srednjevjekovne bosanske države / sastavio Marko Vego ; izrada i reprodukcija Geokarta" 1480: 1273:, the next king, may have been Tvrtko I's illegitimate son (or more likely another illegitimate half-brother). 529:, earning him Tvrtko's hostility. Tvrtko even attempted to plot against Peter but failed when his letters to a 407:. Soon after his accession, Tvrtko travelled with his father throughout the realm to settle relations with his 396: 3605: 3280: 1301:

Simplified family tree illustrating Tvrtko's connections to the royals and nobles of Bosnia and its neighbors

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Tvrtko with his mother, brother and cousin Elizabeth at the deathbed of his uncle Stephen, as depicted on the

3539: 3264: 1188:. Tvrtko, feeling it is his duty as king of Serbia, ordered his army to leave Dalmatia and assist the lord's 1055: 633:

of Pliva for his part in the 1363 war with Hungary. After initially rapid success, Tvrtko's campaign slowed.

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in 1389, his tenuous claim to Serbia became a mere fiction, as the Serbian rulers he sought to subdue became

1265:, whose legitimacy is debated, and who was a minor and apparently not considered fit to succeed his father. 1599: 3414: 2910:(in Serbo-Croatian). Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XXXIV/1979., Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo. 2306: 2940: 2908:

Anđelić, Pavao, Krunidbena i grobna crkva bosanskih vladara u Milima (Arnautovićima) kod Visokog" 183–247

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Louis I of Hungary's first seal, infamously lost (officially "stolen") during his campaign against Bosnia

488:, who had been married to Louis since 1353. In July, King Louis confirmed Tvrtko and his younger brother 3404: 999:

against Bosnia and Venice. Tvrtko relented by November, and his new city failed to achieve his purpose.

772: 3324: 2961: 1007: 480:. In 1357, he succeeded in compelling Tvrtko to come to Hungary and surrender these territories as the 3600: 3334: 3319: 2769: 1606: 1040: 612:

Tvrtko and his brother Vuk on Saint Simeon's chest (detail of the scene depicting Stephen II's death)

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in order to claim Tvrtko's share of her brother's patrimony. An agreement was reached with the vice-

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

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decisive Bosnian victory and the retreat of the Hungarian army. In May 1390, the cities and the

1177:, which took place in late August 1388, ended with the victory of the Bosnian army, led by Duke 666: 380: 3260: 2985:

The Bosnian Church: Its Place in State and Society from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century

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the Bosnian state. Louis posed a more direct threat as well; he was determined to enlarge his

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and a long conflict over their lands. In May 1355, Jelena and Tvrtko marched with an army to

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Louis's realm (red) with dependent and claimed territories, including Tvrtko's Bosnia (pink)

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The capture of Kotor earned Tvrtko the enmity of George I of Zeta's brother and successor,

721: 429:, with mother and son confirming the possessions and privileges of the noblemen of "all of 411:. Jelena replaced Vladislav as regent upon his death in 1354. She immediately travelled to 160: 76: 820:

Tvrtko I's signature, identifying him as "king of the Serbs and of Bosnia and of Primorie"

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that Serbia had been "left without its pastor", Tvrtko set out to be crowned as its king.

743:, which Tvrtko had expected to annex. In early 1377, Tvrtko successfully plotted with the 8: 3516: 3480: 3419: 3371: 2796: 1745: 1458: 1236: 1051: 888: 876: 857: 849: 801: 560: 485: 367: 264: 194: 172: 3460: 3195: 3040: 1738: 1174: 1166: 768: 650: 634: 308: 3157: 3147: 2915: 2903: 1766: 1752: 1105: 825: 784: 657:

in December 1355 was soon followed by the breakup of the once-powerful and threatening

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in the monastery of "Mileševa in town with the same name", meant the monastery was

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Division of the Serbian Empire between Bosnia and Serbian regional lords after 1374

588: 514: 336: 1320: 1193: 788: 654: 522: 296: 291:—Tvrtko's power grew considerably. He conquered some remnants of the neighbouring 3529: 3450: 3248: 3015: 1822: 1398: 1189: 1089: 1036: 950: 841: 816: 805: 796: 735:

The division of Nicholas Altomanović's lands created friction between Tvrtko and

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As the Kingdom of Bosnia continued to expand, Tvrtko's attention shifted to the

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to the episcopal throne. Peter actively promoted the idea of launching a new

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Writing to Ragusa shortly after his coronation, Tvrtko successfully claimed

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The Double Wreath, A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia

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in 1373, after the death of its last ruler and his distant relative,

3475: 3455: 3210: 1266: 1170: 534: 356: 111: 3114:'Creatio Regni' in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić 1120: 1064: 983: 884: 748: 744: 710: 702: 442: 328: 315: 275:. Early in his personal rule, Tvrtko quarrelled with his country's 2931:(in Serbo-Croatian). University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy. 2383: 1201: 931: 880: 752: 545: 477: 473: 408: 288: 179: 2927:Ćirković, Sima (1964a). "Зборник радова Филозофског факултета". 2361: 2359: 2357: 2318: 908: 593: 3101: 2803:. Digitalne zbirke Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu 1109: 1021: 896:. Venice and Ragusa consistently referred to Tvrtko as king of 608: 530: 421: 419:, his overlord. Following her return, Jelena held an assembly ( 404: 340: 268: 2956:(in Serbo-Croatian), Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography 2354: 1221:

Map of Bosnia at its greatest extent, under Tvrtko I in 1390.

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against the invading Ottomans. Balša's nephew and successor,

943: 848:, when he wrote in 1601 that the coronation was performed by 706: 690: 481: 457: 3043:[The proclamation of Bosnia as the kingdom in 1377] 2449: 791:(Lazar's son-in-law), George of Zeta, and Tvrtko of Bosnia. 779:, who took up the royal title. Having been forced to accept 27:

Founder and first king of the Kingdom of Bosnia (r. 1377–91)

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cities and noblemen was able to counter Tvrtko's advances.

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erupted between the old-time rival Republics of Venice and

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and the person who performed coronation was its Orthodox

263:

in 1353. As he was a minor at the time, Tvrtko's father,

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was held in the fall of 1377 (probably 26 October, the

579:

deserted to Louis and surrendered to him the important

359:, under whom Tvrtko's burgeoning realm began to decay. 2868: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2615: 2613: 2371: 2232: 2230: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1869: 1848: 3051:(in Bosnian) (3–04). Međunarodni forum Bosna: 227–287 2770:"Historijska karta Srednjevjekovovne Bosanske Države" 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1886: 1884: 1096:

in July 1387, which enabled him to launch attacks on

1100:. Although the Bosnian army laid waste to Split and 234: 3611:

Pretenders to the Serbian throne in the Middle Ages

2880: 2661: 2610: 2422: 2242: 2227: 2027: 1896: 1212: 644: 601:, forcing the Hungarians to retreat. In Usora, the 395:, and his mother the daughter of the Croatian lord 2003: 1933: 1881: 1054:. Civil war engulfed Mary's realm. Her betrothed, 1165:instance, the Ottoman and Zetan invaders, led by 1067:, ostensibly in the name of the king of Naples. 3557: 2929:Сугуби венац: прилог историји краљевства у Босни 2922:(in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga. 1002: 771:, died in December 1371. His chosen co-ruler, 307:, claiming to be the heir of Serbia's extinct 3626:Burials in St. Nicholas friary church in Mile 3288: 1115:The military forces of Tvrtko and his vassal 1108:submitted to Tvrtko in November, followed by 1043:, maintained Zeta's hostility toward Bosnia. 415:to obtain consent to Tvrtko's accession from 476:, including the prosperous customs town of 3295: 3281: 3038: 3010: 2968:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 2401: 2389: 2365: 2348: 2336: 2324: 1088:, which supported the rebellious nobleman 40: 2926: 2455: 689:, Nicholas intended to attack Ragusa and 3024:Erasmus – časopis za kulturu demokracije 2949: 2914: 2862: 2850: 2833: 2821: 2755: 2726: 2711: 2699: 2684: 2655: 2636: 2604: 2592: 2575: 2563: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2443: 2416: 2292: 2277: 2260: 2221: 2206: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2132: 2113: 2088: 2071: 2056: 2021: 1997: 1927: 1915: 1863: 1216: 1069: 1006: 960: 926:make economical use of its share of the 907: 815: 671: 607: 544: 366: 3026:(in Bosnian) (18). Erasmus Gilda: 26–37 3001: 2935: 2902: 2874: 2743: 503: 318:coast. He gained control of the entire 14: 3596:Bosnia and Herzegovina Roman Catholics 3558: 3517:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Poland 3302: 3063: 3041:"Proglašenje Bosne Kraljevstvom 1377" 2920:Историја средњовековне босанске државе 2794: 3276: 3072: 2377: 1826: 1821: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1556: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 681:into a coalition with Venice and the 448:The death of Tvrtko's maternal uncle 2982: 2960: 2886: 2767: 2672: 2619: 2428: 2304: 2248: 2236: 2044: 2009: 1974: 1890: 1875: 1156:During his campaign in Dalmatia and 2983:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (2007). 24: 1196:. He resented the Milanese ruler, 1151: 970:it should form the basis of a new 299:. In 1377, he had himself crowned 62:September 1353 – October 1377 25: 3642: 3094: 93:October 1377 – 10 March 1391 3355: 3348: 3100: 1261:Tvrtko I left at least one son, 1213:Final achievements and aftermath 739:since the latter seized coastal 645:Conquests in Serbia and marriage 452:in 1348 led to a decline of the 3586:14th-century monarchs in Europe 3073:Zadro, Dejan (8 January 2006). 2896: 2298: 978:, the city came to be known as 767:Uroš the Weak, the last of the 271:, followed by Tvrtko's mother, 98: 3621:People of the Banate of Bosnia 3530:Maria, Countess of Helfenstein 1292: 974:center. Initially named after 787:), Lazar (the greatest lord), 243:1338 – 10 March 1391) was the 13: 1: 3039:Lovrenović, Dubravko (1999). 1841: 1276: 1092:. Tvrtko took control of the 1059: 762: 653:and the accession of his son 240: 125: 3522:Catherine, Countess of Cilli 3502:Catherine, Baness of Croatia 3249:King of Croatia and Dalmatia 3002:Jireček, Konstantin (1891). 379:Tvrtko was the elder son of 7: 3581:14th-century Bosnian people 1252:Albert III, Duke of Austria 1003:Hungarian succession crisis 879:king of the Serbs, Bosnia, 726:Ivan Stratsimir of Bulgaria 587:succeeded in defending the 362: 10: 3647: 3081:(in Croatian) (3): 45–50. 2962:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 903: 3526:Helen, Duchess of Troppau 3495:Other significant members 3494: 3438: 3390: 3364: 3346: 3310: 3239: 3215: 3202: 3192: 3183: 3178: 3162: 3154: 3144: 3135: 3127: 3122: 1830: 1819: 1798: 1796: 1749: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1669: 1667: 1659: 1657: 1625: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1502: 1500: 1462: 1430: 1428: 1416: 1414: 1388:Uroš II Milutin of Serbia 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1250:fostering relations with 912:Tvrtko's coin, featuring 397:George II Šubić of Bribir 255:, he succeeded his uncle 235: 210: 200: 190: 178: 166: 156: 144: 132: 121: 117: 107: 97: 89: 82: 72: 58: 51: 39: 34: 3018:[Bosnian Myths] 2392:, pp. 26–27, 31–32. 720:In 1374, Tvrtko married 492:as rulers of Bosnia and 3616:Roman Catholic monarchs 3066:Bosnia: A Short History 2950:Ćošković, Pejo (2009), 2942:Istorija srpskog naroda 1816:Sigismund of Luxembourg 1600:Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia 1169:, penetrated as far as 1117:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 873:Saint Demetrius' income 569:archbishop of Esztergom 355:, but was succeeded by 3576:14th century in Serbia 3242:— DISPUTED — 2327:, pp. 26, 27, 31. 1222: 1198:Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1078: 1012: 966: 917: 862:Serbian historiography 821: 677: 613: 550: 527:crusade against Bosnia 484:of Stephen's daughter 376: 230: 3218:— TITULAR — 3064:Malcom, Noel (1996). 2746:, part 3, chapter 12. 1220: 1073: 1048:Charles III of Naples 1010: 964: 911: 819: 675: 611: 548: 373:Chest of Saint Simeon 370: 236:Стјепан/Стефан Твртко 231:Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko 46:Seal of King Tvrtko I 3507:Vladislav Kotromanić 3446:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3382:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3377:Elizabeth of Kuyavia 3109:at Wikimedia Commons 3012:Lovrenović, Dubravko 2768:Vego, Marko (1957). 1636:Mladen III of Bribir 1622:Vladislaus of Bosnia 1607:Stephen II of Bosnia 1206:Republic of Florence 916:and his coat of arms 667:Nicholas Altomanović 504:Initial difficulties 381:Vladislav Kotromanić 283:, and being briefly 161:Dorothea of Bulgaria 3540:Catherine Tomašević 3372:Elizabeth of Serbia 3112:Emir O. Filipović: 2458:, pp. 349–350. 2368:, pp. 227–230. 2024:, pp. 124–125. 1878:, pp. 284–285. 1746:Elizabeth of Bosnia 1481:George II of Bribir 1466:Stephen I of Bosnia 1459:Elizabeth of Serbia 1237:Archbishop of Split 1052:Ladislaus of Naples 1020:, near present-day 877:by the Grace of God 858:metropolitan bishop 850:metropolitan bishop 804:, daughter of King 773:Vukašin Mrnjavčević 724:, daughter of Tsar 561:palatine of Hungary 267:, briefly ruled as 253:House of Kotromanić 195:Vladislav of Bosnia 173:Tvrtko II of Bosnia 3606:Kotromanić dynasty 3365:Banesses of Bosnia 3304:Kotromanić dynasty 3207:Title last held by 3107:Tvrtko I of Bosnia 1760:Tvrtko I of Bosnia 1753:Louis I of Hungary 1448:Uroš III of Serbia 1399:Dragutin of Serbia 1223: 1190:Lazar Hrebljanović 1106:Ostrovica Fortress 1079: 1013: 967: 918: 822: 715:Mileševa Monastery 695:Lazar Hrebljanović 678: 663:Vojislav Vojinović 619:Republic of Venice 614: 603:Srebrenik Fortress 556:Republic of Ragusa 551: 454:Šubić noble family 377: 343:of the victorious 281:Louis I of Hungary 251:. A member of the 103:(26 October?) 1377 3553: 3552: 3430:Stephen Tomašević 3420:Stephen Tvrtko II 3393:(1377–1463) 3313:(1254–1377) 3271: 3270: 3244: 3220: 3193:Succeeded by 3145:Succeeded by 3105:Media related to 3016:"Bosanski mitovi" 2994:978-0-86356-503-8 2937:Ćorović, Vladimir 2380:, pp. 45–48. 1838: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1228:Dalmatian islands 1162:Kingdom of Bosnia 988:Italian Peninsula 930:, from the river 581:fortress of Ključ 577:Vlatko Vukoslavić 540:Eastern Orthodoxy 375:in the late 1370s 220: 219: 140:(aged 52–53) 16:(Redirected from 3638: 3601:Bosnian monarchs 3486:Jelena Branković 3461:Kujava Radinović 3439:Queens of Bosnia 3400:Stephen Tvrtko I 3359: 3352: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3240: 3216: 3155:Preceded by 3128:Preceded by 3120: 3119: 3104: 3090: 3069: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3046: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3021: 3007: 2998: 2979: 2957: 2946: 2932: 2923: 2911: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2801:digitalna.nsk.hr 2792: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2774:kolekcije.nub.ba 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2730: 2724: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2659: 2653: 2640: 2634: 2623: 2617: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2305:Ćirković, Sima. 2302: 2296: 2290: 2281: 2275: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2225: 2219: 2210: 2204: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2136: 2130: 2117: 2111: 2092: 2086: 2075: 2069: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2025: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1978: 1972: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1894: 1888: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1739:Uroš V of Serbia 1629:Jelena of Bribir 1321:Uroš I of Serbia 1307: 1306: 1298: 1297: 1286:Vladimir Ćorović 1186:Battle of Kosovo 1175:Battle of Bileća 1167:Lala Şahin Pasha 1082:Dalmatian cities 1061: 997:Dalmatian cities 769:Nemanjić dynasty 747:the takeover of 709:, and a part of 651:Dušan the Mighty 635:Sanko Miltenović 591:fortress in the 575:, struck Usora. 515:bishop of Bosnia 450:Mladen III Šubić 337:Battle of Kosovo 335:. Following the 309:Nemanjić dynasty 242: 238: 237: 223:Stephen Tvrtko I 205:Jelena of Bribir 139: 127: 64:(interrupted by 44: 32: 31: 21: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3631:Kings of Bosnia 3556: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3545:Matija Sabančić 3535:Radivoj Ostojić 3490: 3481:Katarina Kosača 3451:Helen of Bosnia 3434: 3415:Stephen Ostojić 3392: 3391:Kings of Bosnia 3386: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3344: 3312: 3306: 3301: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3245: 3229: 3221: 3208: 3198: 3189: 3168: 3160: 3150: 3141: 3133: 3097: 3054: 3052: 3044: 3029: 3027: 3019: 2995: 2976: 2899: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2849: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2806: 2804: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2733: 2725: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2662: 2654: 2643: 2635: 2626: 2618: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2408: 2402:Lovrenović 1999 2400: 2396: 2390:Lovrenović 1996 2388: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2366:Lovrenović 1999 2364: 2355: 2349:Lovrenović 1996 2347: 2343: 2337:Lovrenović 1999 2335: 2331: 2325:Lovrenović 1996 2323: 2319: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2284: 2276: 2267: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2228: 2220: 2213: 2205: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2139: 2131: 2120: 2112: 2095: 2087: 2078: 2070: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2043: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1981: 1973: 1934: 1926: 1922: 1914: 1897: 1889: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1823:Mary of Hungary 1295: 1279: 1235:and hosted the 1215: 1154: 1152:Ottoman attacks 1090:John of Palisna 1063:free to attack 1037:Battle of Savra 1005: 951:War of Chioggia 906: 842:Saint Demetrius 797:time immemorial 765: 737:Đurađ I Balšić 730:Pope Gregory XI 699:Moravian Serbia 647: 585:Vukac Hrvatinić 506: 462:ban of Dalmatia 365: 152: 137: 63: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3644: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3591:Bans of Bosnia 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3471:Dorothea Garai 3468: 3466:Jelena Nelipić 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3425:Stephen Thomas 3422: 3417: 3412: 3410:Stephen Ostoja 3407: 3405:Stephen Dabiša 3402: 3396: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3316: 3314: 3311:Bans of Bosnia 3308: 3307: 3300: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3269: 3268: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3225:King of Serbia 3214: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3186:King of Bosnia 3182: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3123:Regnal titles 3118: 3117: 3110: 3096: 3095:External links 3093: 3092: 3091: 3070: 3061: 3036: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2980: 2974: 2958: 2947: 2933: 2924: 2916:Ćirković, Sima 2912: 2904:Anđelić, Pavao 2898: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2889:, p. 454. 2879: 2877:, p. 230. 2867: 2865:, p. 165. 2855: 2853:, p. 164. 2838: 2836:, p. 163. 2826: 2824:, p. 161. 2814: 2787: 2760: 2758:, p. 160. 2748: 2731: 2729:, p. 159. 2716: 2714:, p. 158. 2704: 2702:, p. 156. 2689: 2687:, p. 155. 2677: 2675:, p. 398. 2660: 2658:, p. 154. 2641: 2639:, p. 157. 2624: 2622:, p. 396. 2609: 2607:, p. 152. 2597: 2595:, p. 153. 2580: 2578:, p. 151. 2568: 2566:, p. 149. 2556: 2554:, p. 148. 2544: 2542:, p. 147. 2532: 2530:, p. 146. 2520: 2518:, p. 145. 2508: 2506:, p. 144. 2496: 2494:, p. 142. 2484: 2482:, p. 141. 2472: 2470:, p. 140. 2460: 2456:Ćirković 1964a 2448: 2446:, p. 138. 2433: 2431:, p. 386. 2421: 2419:, p. 150. 2406: 2404:, p. 235. 2394: 2382: 2370: 2353: 2341: 2339:, p. 228. 2329: 2317: 2314:. p. 108. 2297: 2295:, p. 137. 2282: 2280:, p. 136. 2265: 2263:, p. 139. 2253: 2251:, p. 165. 2241: 2239:, p. 367. 2226: 2224:, p. 135. 2211: 2209:, p. 134. 2196: 2194:, p. 133. 2184: 2182:, p. 127. 2172: 2170:, p. 126. 2160: 2158:, p. 132. 2137: 2135:, p. 131. 2118: 2116:, p. 130. 2093: 2091:, p. 129. 2076: 2074:, p. 128. 2061: 2059:, p. 125. 2049: 2047:, p. 370. 2026: 2014: 2012:, p. 161. 2002: 2000:, p. 124. 1979: 1977:, p. 369. 1932: 1930:, p. 123. 1920: 1895: 1893:, p. 284. 1880: 1868: 1866:, p. 122. 1846: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 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510:Avignon papacy 505: 502: 498:Bosnian Church 364: 361: 345:Ottoman Empire 333:Croatia proper 301:king of Bosnia 293:Serbian Empire 277:Roman Catholic 227:Serbo-Croatian 218: 217: 215:Roman Catholic 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 182: 176: 175: 170: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 148: 146: 142: 141: 134: 130: 129: 123: 119: 118: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 101: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 84:King of Bosnia 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 60: 56: 55: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3643: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3351: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3165:Ban of Bosnia 3159: 3153: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3138:Ban of Bosnia 3132: 3126: 3121: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3050: 3042: 3037: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006:(in Serbian). 3005: 3004:Istorija Srba 3000: 2996: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2975:0-472-08260-4 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2888: 2883: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2863:Ćirković 1964 2859: 2852: 2851:Ćirković 1964 2847: 2845: 2843: 2835: 2834:Ćirković 1964 2830: 2823: 2822:Ćirković 1964 2818: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2757: 2756:Ćirković 1964 2752: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2728: 2727:Ćirković 1964 2723: 2721: 2713: 2712:Ćirković 1964 2708: 2701: 2700:Ćirković 1964 2696: 2694: 2686: 2685:Ćirković 1964 2681: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2657: 2656:Ćirković 1964 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2637:Ćirković 1964 2633: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2606: 2605:Ćirković 1964 2601: 2594: 2593:Ćirković 1964 2589: 2587: 2585: 2577: 2576:Ćirković 1964 2572: 2565: 2564:Ćirković 1964 2560: 2553: 2552:Ćirković 1964 2548: 2541: 2540:Ćirković 1964 2536: 2529: 2528:Ćirković 1964 2524: 2517: 2516:Ćirković 1964 2512: 2505: 2504:Ćirković 1964 2500: 2493: 2492:Ćirković 1964 2488: 2481: 2480:Ćirković 1964 2476: 2469: 2468:Ćirković 1964 2464: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2444:Ćirković 1964 2440: 2438: 2430: 2425: 2418: 2417:Ćirković 1964 2413: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2351:, p. 31. 2350: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2321: 2310: 2309: 2301: 2294: 2293:Ćirković 1964 2289: 2287: 2279: 2278:Ćirković 1964 2274: 2272: 2270: 2262: 2261:Ćirković 1964 2257: 2250: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2223: 2222:Ćirković 1964 2218: 2216: 2208: 2207:Ćirković 1964 2203: 2201: 2193: 2192:Ćirković 1964 2188: 2181: 2180:Ćirković 1964 2176: 2169: 2168:Ćirković 1964 2164: 2157: 2156:Ćirković 1964 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2134: 2133:Ćirković 1964 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2115: 2114:Ćirković 1964 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2089:Ćirković 1964 2085: 2083: 2081: 2073: 2072:Ćirković 1964 2068: 2066: 2058: 2057:Ćirković 1964 2053: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2023: 2022:Ćirković 1964 2018: 2011: 2006: 1999: 1998:Ćirković 1964 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1929: 1928:Ćirković 1964 1924: 1917: 1916:Ćošković 2009 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1877: 1872: 1865: 1864:Ćirković 1964 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1805: 1803: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767:Vuk of Bosnia 1761: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1732: 1729: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1608: 1601: 1593: 1590: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1530: 1522: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1467: 1460: 1449: 1441: 1439: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1389: 1381: 1378: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1240:Andrea Gualdo 1238: 1234: 1229: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:Vuk Branković 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094:Klis Fortress 1091: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1009: 1000: 998: 994: 989: 985: 981: 977: 976:Saint Stephen 973: 963: 959: 956: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 915: 910: 901: 899: 895: 890: 886: 885:Western Areas 882: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 818: 814: 811: 807: 803: 798: 792: 790: 789:Vuk Branković 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 693:. Tvrtko and 692: 688: 684: 674: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 655:Uroš the Weak 652: 649:The death of 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 622: 620: 610: 606: 604: 600: 596: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565:Nicholas Kont 562: 557: 547: 543: 541: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Peter Siklósi 520: 516: 511: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 423: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 374: 369: 360: 358: 354: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 297:Uroš the Weak 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 261:ban of Bosnia 258: 254: 250: 246: 232: 228: 224: 216: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 186: 183: 181: 177: 174: 171: 169: 165: 162: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 136:10 March 1391 135: 131: 124: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 67: 61: 57: 54: 53:Ban of Bosnia 50: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 3512:Jelena Šubić 3399: 3339: 3257:Disputed by 3247: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3184: 3179: 3173:Became king 3172: 3163: 3136: 3078: 3068:. NYU Press. 3065: 3053:. Retrieved 3049:Forum Bosnae 3048: 3028:. Retrieved 3023: 3003: 2984: 2965: 2952: 2941: 2928: 2919: 2907: 2897:Bibliography 2882: 2875:Anđelić 1980 2870: 2858: 2829: 2817: 2805:. Retrieved 2800: 2795:Marko Vego. 2790: 2778:. Retrieved 2776:(in Bosnian) 2773: 2763: 2751: 2744:Ćorović 2001 2707: 2680: 2600: 2571: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2451: 2424: 2397: 2385: 2373: 2344: 2332: 2320: 2307: 2300: 2256: 2244: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2052: 2017: 2005: 1923: 1871: 1759: 1284: 1280: 1260: 1248: 1224: 1183: 1155: 1133: 1114: 1080: 1076:coat of arms 1045: 1030: 1026: 1014: 972:salt trading 968: 948: 936:Bay of Kotor 923:Dinaric Alps 919: 914:fleur-de-lis 870: 846:Mavro Orbini 823: 808:. A Serbian 793: 766: 740: 734: 719: 683:Lord of Zeta 679: 648: 639:Pope Urban V 630: 623: 615: 592: 552: 507: 470:royal domain 466: 447: 420: 417:King Louis I 385:Jelena Šubić 378: 349: 313: 222: 221: 150:Mile, Visoko 138:(1391-03-10) 68:, 1365–1366) 29: 3571:1391 deaths 3566:1338 births 3325:Prijezda II 3079:Pro Tempore 2953:Kotromanići 1293:Family tree 1129:Paul Horvat 1074:Tvrtko I's 533:in Peter's 435:Donji Kraji 73:Predecessor 3560:Categories 3335:Stephen II 3320:Prijezda I 3230:1377–1391 3190:1377–1391 3169:1367–1377 3142:1353–1366 3131:Stephen II 2378:Zadro 2006 1842:References 1277:Assessment 826:coronation 763:Coronation 745:Travunians 697:, lord of 567:, and the 441:, and the 401:Kotromanić 393:Stephen II 325:Queen Mary 257:Stephen II 245:first king 185:Kotromanić 99:Coronation 77:Stephen II 3330:Stephen I 3265:Sigismund 3254:1390–1391 3236:Conquest 3180:New title 3087:1334-8302 2887:Fine 1994 2673:Fine 1994 2620:Fine 1994 2429:Fine 1994 2249:Fine 2007 2237:Fine 1994 2045:Fine 1994 2010:Fine 2007 1975:Fine 1994 1891:Fine 1994 1876:Fine 1994 1263:Tvrtko II 1256:Habsburgs 1056:Sigismund 1041:George II 993:Sveti Srđ 838:feast day 824:Tvrtko's 810:logothete 802:Elizabeth 785:Macedonia 757:Dračevica 713:with the 589:Soko Grad 486:Elizabeth 353:Tvrtko II 265:Vladislav 108:Successor 3340:Tvrtko I 3014:(1996). 2987:. Saqi. 2964:(1994). 2945:. Janus. 2939:(2001). 2918:(1964). 2906:(1980). 2807:10 April 2780:10 April 1244:Sutjeska 1121:Slavonia 1065:Dalmatia 1033:Balša II 1018:Brštanik 986:and the 984:Dalmatia 883:and the 854:Mileševa 806:Dragutin 749:Trebinje 722:Dorothea 711:Polimlje 703:Podrinje 443:Hum land 363:Minority 329:Dalmatia 320:Primorje 316:Adriatic 289:magnates 211:Religion 35:Tvrtko I 18:Tvrtko I 1202:Murad I 1158:Croatia 1145:Šibenik 934:to the 932:Neretva 904:Economy 889:Stephen 881:Pomorje 781:Ottoman 753:Konavli 687:Đurađ I 478:Drijeva 474:Neretva 439:Zagorje 413:Hungary 409:vassals 341:vassals 287:by his 285:deposed 259:as the 3476:Vojača 3456:Vitača 3211:Uroš V 3204:Vacant 3196:Dabiša 3085: 3055:5 July 3030:5 July 2991: 2972: 1271:Ostoja 1267:Dabiša 1173:. The 1171:Bileća 1143:, and 1110:Trogir 1022:Opuzen 942:, and 940:Ragusa 898:Rascia 834:Serbia 755:, and 583:, but 535:Đakovo 531:lector 431:Bosnia 422:stanak 405:regent 357:Dabiša 331:, and 305:Serbia 273:Jelena 269:regent 249:Bosnia 201:Mother 191:Father 157:Spouse 145:Burial 112:Dabiša 3045:(pdf) 3020:(pdf) 2312:(PDF) 1141:Zadar 1137:Split 1102:Zadar 1098:Split 955:Genoa 944:Kotor 777:Marko 741:župas 707:Gacko 691:Kotor 599:Pliva 494:Usora 482:dowry 458:Duvno 425:) in 180:House 168:Issue 90:Reign 59:Reign 3263:and 3261:Mary 3083:ISSN 3057:2022 3032:2022 2989:ISBN 2970:ISBN 2809:2021 2782:2021 1233:bans 1192:and 1127:and 1125:John 1086:Klis 980:Novi 949:The 894:Mary 866:Mile 832:and 631:župa 627:Rama 594:župa 427:Mile 383:and 303:and 133:Died 128:1338 122:Born 3158:Vuk 3148:Vuk 1246:. 1242:in 1112:. 1024:. 946:. 840:of 828:as 597:of 490:Vuk 445:". 389:ban 247:of 66:Vuk 3562:: 3077:. 3047:. 3022:. 2841:^ 2799:. 2772:. 2734:^ 2719:^ 2692:^ 2663:^ 2644:^ 2627:^ 2612:^ 2583:^ 2436:^ 2409:^ 2356:^ 2285:^ 2268:^ 2229:^ 2214:^ 2199:^ 2140:^ 2121:^ 2096:^ 2079:^ 2064:^ 2029:^ 1982:^ 1935:^ 1898:^ 1883:^ 1850:^ 1181:. 1139:, 1131:. 1060:c. 751:, 732:. 705:, 685:, 571:, 563:, 542:. 500:. 437:, 433:, 391:, 311:. 241:c. 239:; 233:/ 229:: 126:c. 3296:e 3289:t 3282:v 3089:. 3059:. 3034:. 2997:. 2978:. 2811:. 2784:. 1918:. 517:— 225:( 20:)

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Tvrtko I of Bosnia

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