1118:(a social rank higher than sheikh, but lower than emir) were virtually left to their own devices by the governors of Tripoli as long as the latter were paid the annual taxes of the region. Though the Yamani faction was eliminated, a new rivalry gradually emerged among the remaining Druze clans consisting of the Jumblatti and Yazbaki factions; the former was led by its namesake, Sheikh Ali Jumblatt, and the latter was led Sheikh Abd al-Salam Yazbak Imad. Each took sides with different Shihabi emirs contesting control of the emirate in the years following Emir Haydar's death in 1732. The rivalry escalated after the resignation of Haydar's eldest son and successor, Emir Mulhim Shihab.
942:
I to succeed Emir Ahmad due to the military strength of the Shihab clan, their distance from the intra-Qaysi disputes, and their marital kinship with Emir Ahmad (Bashir was Ahmad's maternal nephew). The
Ottoman authorities confirmed the Ma'an-Shihab transition, but decided to invest Emir Ahmad's tax farms to Emir Haydar Shihab (Emir Ahmad's grandson). Due to Emir Haydar's youth, Emir Bashir served as regent. Emir Bashir strengthened Qaysi dominance in Mount Lebanon and installed the Qaysi sheikh
242:
111:
977:, Galilee and Jabal Amil, deposed Emir Haydar from the tax farm of Chouf and transferred to it Emir Haydar's erstwhile associate-turned-enemy, Mahmoud Abu Harmoush. Abu Harmoush joined forces with the Alam al-Din-led Yamani faction and the latter soon after gained dominance in Mount Lebanon. However, the popular support for the Yamani faction in Chouf was not deep. Abu Harmoush, with the backing of Sidon's governor, pursued Emir Haydar, who had since fled to
2026:
2015:
820:
262:
139:
1558:
432:
251:
123:
155:
1002:, where they were soon joined by the heads of the various Qaysi clans of Mount Lebanon and their forces. They included Sheikh Ali Jumblatt, Qabalan al-Qadi al-Tanukhi, Sayyid Ahmad Imad, Sheikh Ali Abi Nakad, Janbulat Abd al-Malik and Muhammad Talhuq. Hearing of the Qaysi mobilization, Abu Harmoush called on the Yamani nobles of the Alam al-Din and Arslan clans to mobilize at the Jurd village of
275:
165:
1061:) to his Qaysi partisans in the various subdistricts of Mount Lebanon. He confirmed his allies as the leaders of their home districts and promoted them to higher social ranks. Thus, the Abu'l Lama sheikhs of Matn became emirs, joining the ranks of the Shihabs and Arslans. Jumblatt authority, normally centered in the Chouf, was extended to
1102:
Mishaqa. Nonetheless, Shihabi power was dependent on their alliances and patronage networks with various Druze clans. The Qaysi victory also strengthened the hand of the
Shihabs' allies, the Shia Hamade of the Tripoli hinterland. The Hamade sheikhs were the landlords of the Maronite-dominant areas of
1043:
In the assessment of Stefan Winter, "the
Harfushes do not seem to have joined the Hamadas who had already been at war with the vali of Tripoli for nearly a year. Instead, they gave emir Haydar al-Shihabi refuge when it became clear that the state intended to replace him with a rival Druze household,
1026:
against the Qaysi camp at Ras al-Matn. However, on 20 March, Emir Haydar launched an all-out assault against the Yamani camp at Ain Dara to preempt the arrival of
Ottoman reinforcements and being subsequently attacked from different directions. In the ensuing battle, the Qaysi coalition dealt a blow
941:
died without a male heir, and as a result, the Druze sheikhs of the Qaysi faction, including sheikh Ali
Jumblatt and sheikh Ali Abi Nakad, decided to appoint a strong and unifying family to head the faction to prevent a potential Yamani rise to power. The Qaysi sheikhs ultimately chose Bashir Shihab
997:
The Qaysi clans of Mount
Lebanon sent appeals to Emir Haydar to return and restore their control over the region. Buoyed by the Qaysi rallying of support, Emir Haydar relocated to Matn in 1711 where he sought safe haven with the Abu'l Lama, who controlled the subdistrict. Emir Haydar and the Abu'l
1027:
to the Yamani camp, which suffered heavy casualties. Seven sheikhs of the Alam al-Din clan were killed, while Abu
Harmoush was captured. Emir Haydar subsequently sent kind-worded notices to the governors of Sidon and Damascus, who ultimately accepted the Qaysi victory and withdrew their forces.
1101:
The defeat of the Alam al-Din clan at Ain Dara consolidated the power of the Shihab dynasty in Mount
Lebanon, to the point that it became an "established custom in the land of the Druze that no one would raise a weapon against a Shihabi emir unless he had another emir with him", according to
1039:
consular reports suggest, Husayn
Harfush gave shelter to Haydar Shihabi and then supplied 2,500 troops to help him wipe out his Druze rivals at âAin Dara and establish himself as sole emir of the Chouf. This is curiously not addressed by H. A. al-Shihabi or any other chronicles of the period.
1052:
The Qaysi victory at Ain Dara led to major political, social and demographic changes in Mount
Lebanon. The Yamani faction was removed as a political force in Mount Lebanon, and Emir Haydar proceeded to reorganize the local leadership of the region, distributing
1129:, to the north of Mount Lebanon. While Christian growth in the region was a long-term trend, the Yamani Druze exodus significantly contributed to a demographic shift in Mount Lebanon, with Maronites and other Christians, namely from the
925:
clan, whose members occasionally gained the tax farms of Mount Lebanon during times of conflict between the Ma'ans and the Ottoman authorities. Other families belonging to the Yamani faction were the Druze clans of
1065:
and southern Mount Lebanon. The Nakad being already ranked sheikhs cemented their authority on the Manasif, Shahhar and a third of Iqlim Al Kharoub muqata'a. Imad, and Abd al-Malik leaders were confirmed as the
1094:, preferring to keep these key villages under his direct fiscal authority. In the northern Keserwan district of Mount Lebanon, Emir Haydar confirmed the Maronite Khazen and Hubaysh sheikhs as
1082:
reduced because of their allegiance with the Yamani faction. However, they were permitted by Emir Haydar to remain in Mount Lebanon. Emir Haydar did not sublease his holdings at
1141:
remained the major political power, and Maronites, Melkites and Greek Orthodox Christians increasingly became the tenant farmers of the mostly Druze landlords of Mount Lebanon.
1125:
region south of Damascus, where a previous wave of Druze from Mount Lebanon had begun settling in 1685. In the Druze emigrants' place came Maronite peasants from the region of
1022:
did the same, but his troops were led through the Beqaa Valley. Through these maneuvers, the Ottoman provincial authorities and the Yamani faction intended to launch a
1074:, respectively. The Talhuq and Abd al-Malik clan leaders were promoted to the rank of sheikhs, and the Talhuq clan leaders were given the upper part of the Arslan's
1862:
965:
After Emir Bashir died, the Ottomans rescinded the power of the Shihabs in Jabal Amil (the Munkirs and Sa'bs then defected to the pro-Yamani coalition) and the
1962:
1178:. Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (2nd ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50.
1736:
705:
871:
were the major demographic group of the region. The Druze had been divided into political factions based on the old Arab tribal divisions of the
1634:
2055:
388:. The battle's outcome also precipitated a mass migration of pro-Yamani Druze nobility and peasants from Mount Lebanon to the eastern
1716:
673:
384:
The battle ended in a rout of the Yamani faction and resulted in the consolidation of Qaysi political and fiscal domination over
1044:
and provided 2,500 troops to enable him to crush his enemies and establish the Shihabi as the sole tribal ruler ship of Sidon."
1481:
1420:
Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the 18th and 19th Centuries by Mikhayil Mishaqa (1800-1873)
1121:
With the exception of the Arslans, Emir Haydar forced the Yamani Druze to leave Mount Lebanon, leading to a mass exodus to the
1183:
1303:âą Stefan Winter (11 March 2010). The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516â1788. Cambridge University Press, Page 148.
1721:
682:
2065:
1696:
1150:
1428:
1407:
1386:
1130:
1542:
488:
981:
where he found protection from the Maronite Hubaysh clan. Ghazir was plundered and Emir Haydar fled northeast to
850:
2050:
2070:
1935:
1018:
The Ottoman governor of Sidon sent troops through Beirut to aid the Yamani coalition, while the governor of
1761:
397:
1741:
2060:
1675:
1474:
1137:
sects, making up a large share of the population at the expense of the Druze. Nonetheless, the Druze
1504:
447:
1879:
1857:
1756:
1746:
1582:
884:
803:
714:
550:
335:
28:
1397:
1376:
899:, Gharb and Jurd), represented the Qaysi faction, along with their allies, the Druze clans of
1982:
1711:
1572:
1467:
1418:
872:
527:
1999:
1766:
1577:
1313:
788:
605:
555:
191:
8:
1952:
843:
728:
1839:
1771:
1613:
733:
575:
373:
clans. The Yamani faction also had backing from the Ottoman provincial authorities of
1874:
1751:
1731:
1665:
1644:
1424:
1403:
1382:
1179:
1036:
1003:
896:
719:
696:
614:
327:
51:
1557:
431:
1945:
1902:
1812:
1527:
1126:
758:
460:
293:
1512:
2019:
1972:
1912:
1907:
1869:
1706:
1649:
1508:
1023:
1019:
943:
824:
768:
763:
664:
378:
285:
225:
1078:
of Gharb, while the Arslans were kept in the lower Gharb. The Arslans had their
361:. The Yamani faction was led by Mahmoud Abu Harmoush and consisted of the Druze
2029:
1897:
1639:
955:
938:
914:
888:
836:
753:
639:
414:
393:
342:
115:
82:
59:
798:
2044:
1994:
1977:
1967:
1587:
1083:
931:
927:
864:
793:
536:
451:
385:
370:
366:
331:
210:
204:
76:
1989:
1817:
1691:
1007:
986:
970:
918:
911:
374:
183:
55:
1670:
1522:
1517:
999:
947:
922:
876:
634:
600:
479:
474:
362:
198:
1316:, THE UNlVERSIlY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, ILUNOIS AUGUST 2002,pages 225:226.
1957:
1087:
959:
522:
1917:
1940:
1701:
1597:
1537:
904:
659:
541:
465:
354:
2014:
1829:
1115:
1091:
900:
819:
350:
127:
16:
Battle between the Qaysi and Yamani tribo-political factions (1711)
1792:
1547:
1312:
THE SHIITE EMIRATES OF OTTOMAN SYRIA (MID-17m -MID-18m CENTURY),
1134:
1111:
1107:
966:
954:
and its region, while securing the allegiance of the Shia Muslim
502:
1807:
1592:
1532:
1122:
1103:
1062:
982:
978:
974:
907:
497:
389:
358:
169:
1824:
1802:
1797:
1490:
951:
868:
422:
346:
1417:
Mishaqa, Mikhail (1988). Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (ed.).
1378:
The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society
1834:
1787:
892:
880:
101:
1459:
1174:
Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C.; Abu Khalil, As'ad (2021).
1173:
1737:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
706:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
2042:
1006:, and they were also joined by the Shia Muslim
962:(the Wa'il clan of Jabal Amil was pro-Yamani).
353:, Imad, Nakad Talhuq, and Abd al-Malik and the
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
998:Lama mobilized their forces at the village of
400:as the predominant populace in Mount Lebanon.
1475:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
969:. Moreover, in 1709, the Ottoman governor of
844:
1374:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1333:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1206:
1204:
921:. Leading the Yamani faction was the Druze
1482:
1468:
1273:
903:, Imad, Nakad, Talhuq and Abu'l Lama, the
851:
837:
1717:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
1319:
1070:(tax farm holders) of the Arqub and Jurd
674:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
1261:
1249:
1213:
1201:
341:The Qays were led by Emir Haydar of the
1416:
1030:
392:, in a mountainous area today known as
286:
2043:
1423:. State University of New York Press.
1395:
1169:
1167:
1165:
338:, two rival tribo-political factions.
1463:
2056:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1114:. Like the Shihab emirs, the Hamade
1162:
13:
1439:
1151:List of conflicts in the Near East
14:
2082:
1057:(tax collection districts, sing.
143:Nakad clan of Manasif and Shahhar
2025:
2024:
2013:
1722:Druze Power Struggle (1658â1667)
1556:
1176:Historical Dictionary of Lebanon
973:, which included Mount Lebanon,
883:(princes) consistently held the
818:
683:Druze Power Struggle (1658â1667)
430:
273:
260:
249:
240:
163:
153:
137:
121:
109:
1375:Abu Izzeddin, Nejla M. (1993).
1367:
1355:
224:Ottoman governors of Sidon and
1697:Kisrawan campaigns (1292â1305)
1306:
1297:
1192:
887:of Mount Lebanon's districts (
1:
1936:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine
1156:
403:
398:Maronite Christian population
75:Qaysi political dominance of
1762:Druze in Mandatory Palestine
1399:Lebanon: A History, 600-2011
1047:
7:
1742:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
1402:. Oxford University Press.
1144:
326:occurred in the village of
284:Mahmoud Abu Harmoush (
10:
2087:
1554:
1352:Abu Izzeddin 1998, p. 203.
1294:Abu Izzeddin 1998, p. 202.
1010:clan of the Beqaa Valley.
992:
950:clan as the tax farmer of
910:clan of Keserwan, and the
281:Qabalan al-Qadi al-Tanukhi
2066:Ottoman period in Lebanon
2008:
1926:
1890:
1848:
1780:
1684:
1658:
1627:
1606:
1565:
1497:
1489:
1198:Harris 2012, pp. 107â108.
1013:
307:
233:
149:Abd al-Malik clan of Jurd
94:
34:
26:
21:
1583:BahÄ'a ad-DÄ«n al-Muqtana
1396:Harris, William (2012).
301:Bashir Pasha al-Matarji
1702:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty
1676:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb
1447:Qabayl Wa Biton Al-Arab
660:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty
292:Alam al-Din emirs
159:Abu'l Lama clan of Matn
81:Yamani Druze exodus to
1863:Maronite-Druze dualism
1858:Christianity and Druze
1747:Hauran Druze Rebellion
804:Christianity and Druze
715:Hauran Druze Rebellion
551:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
270:Janbulat Abd al-Malik
234:Commanders and leaders
2051:1711 in Ottoman Syria
1983:List of Israeli Druze
1712:Mount Lebanon Emirate
1573:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
1453:Tarikh Qabayl Al-Arab
1451:Almsaodi, Abdulaziz:
1086:, Ain Dara, Batloun,
528:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
345:and consisted of the
334:in 1711, between the
308:Casualties and losses
266:Sheikh Ali Abi Nakad
2071:History of the Druze
2000:Persecution of Druze
1963:Druze Arabic dialect
1767:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen
1578:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi
1314:Stefan Helmut Winter
1270:Harris 2012, p. 114.
1258:Harris 2012, p. 113.
1210:Harris 2012, p. 110.
1031:Role of Harfush clan
958:and Munkir clans of
946:of the Sunni Muslim
789:Persecution of Druze
255:Sheikh Ali Jumblatt
133:Talhuq clan of Gharb
2020:Religion portal
1953:Alam al-Din dynasty
1543:Seven Durzi pillars
1361:Makdisi, pp. 34â35.
825:Religion portal
729:Jaysh al-Muwahhidin
489:Seven Druze pillars
303:Nasuh Pasha Aydinli
246:Emir Haydar Shihab
1840:Salman the Persian
1772:Qalb Loze massacre
1727:Battle of Ain Dara
1614:Epistles of Wisdom
1598:Muhammad al-Darazī
1445:Almaqhafi, Awwad:
734:Qalb Loze massacre
692:Battle of Ain Dara
576:Epistles of Wisdom
396:, solidifying the
324:Battle of Ain Dara
268:Sayyid Ahmad Imad
146:Imad clan of Arqub
29:QaysâYaman rivalry
22:Battle of Ain Dara
2061:Conflicts in 1711
2038:
2037:
1891:Druze communities
1875:Judaism and Druze
1849:Relationship with
1752:Jabal Druze State
1732:1838 Druze Revolt
1666:Al-Khidr Festival
1645:Khalwat al-Bayada
1566:Important figures
1185:978-1-5381-2043-9
861:
860:
799:Religious symbols
747:Druze communities
720:Jabal Druze State
697:1838 Druze Revolt
606:Shrine of Shu'ayb
516:Important figures
320:
319:
279:Khazen al-Khazen
90:
89:
2078:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2017:
1946:Sultan al-Atrash
1813:John the Baptist
1618:Rasa'il al-Hikma
1560:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1434:
1413:
1392:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1331:
1328:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1171:
985:in the northern
863:In 17th-century
853:
846:
839:
823:
822:
580:Rasa'il al-Hikma
434:
425:
419:
418:
408:
407:
336:Qaysi and Yamani
298:
288:
278:
277:
276:
265:
264:
263:
257:Muhammad Talhuq
254:
253:
252:
245:
244:
243:
172:clan of Keserwan
168:
167:
166:
158:
157:
156:
142:
141:
140:
126:
125:
124:
114:
113:
112:
36:
35:
19:
18:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2012:
2004:
1973:Jumblatt family
1928:
1922:
1913:Jordanian Druze
1886:
1870:Islam and Druze
1851:other religions
1850:
1844:
1776:
1680:
1654:
1623:
1602:
1561:
1552:
1493:
1488:
1442:
1440:Further reading
1437:
1431:
1410:
1389:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1334:
1330:Harris, p. 116.
1329:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1246:Harris, p. 115.
1245:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1147:
1050:
1033:
1016:
995:
944:Umar al-Zaydani
857:
817:
810:
809:
808:
783:
775:
774:
773:
769:Jordanian Druze
748:
740:
739:
738:
724:
710:
701:
687:
678:
669:
654:
646:
645:
644:
629:
621:
620:
619:
610:
595:
587:
586:
585:
570:
562:
561:
560:
546:
532:
517:
509:
508:
507:
493:
484:
470:
456:
442:
421:
420:
412:
411:
406:
302:
300:
294:
291:
280:
274:
272:
271:
269:
267:
261:
259:
258:
256:
250:
248:
247:
241:
239:
164:
162:
154:
152:
138:
136:
122:
120:
110:
108:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1941:Al-Atrash clan
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1918:Druze diaspora
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:Lebanese Druze
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Jabal al-Druze
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1393:
1387:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1332:
1318:
1305:
1296:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1212:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1131:Greek Orthodox
1049:
1046:
1032:
1029:
1024:pincer assault
1015:
1012:
994:
991:
937:In 1697, Emir
873:Qays and Yaman
859:
858:
856:
855:
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343:Shihab dynasty
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537:Hamza ibn Ali
535:
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452:Ahl at-Tawhid
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448:Al-Muwahhidun
446:
445:
438:
437:
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130:clan of Chouf
129:
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107:
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84:
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77:Mount Lebanon
74:
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61:
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53:
49:
46:
45:
42:20 March 1711
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1990:Majid Arslan
1898:Syrian Druze
1818:Saint George
1757:Mountain War
1726:
1707:Ma'n dynasty
1692:Wadi al-Taym
1650:Nabi Shu'ayb
1635:Druze Khalwa
1617:
1457:
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1368:Bibliography
1357:
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987:Beqaa Valley
971:Sidon Eyalet
964:
936:
919:Wadi al-Taym
912:Sunni Muslim
862:
754:Syrian Druze
691:
665:Ma'n dynasty
579:
383:
340:
323:
321:
295:
218:Supported by
217:
216:
213:clan of Matn
190:
184:Harfush clan
177:Supported by
176:
175:
100:
95:Belligerents
70:
56:Sidon Eyalet
27:Part of the
1671:Eid Al Adha
1628:Holy places
1523:Esotericism
1518:Divine call
1000:Ras al-Matn
939:Ahmad Ma'an
923:Alam al-Din
635:Eid al-Adha
601:Mount Druze
594:Holy places
480:Divine Call
475:Esotericism
363:Alam al-Din
199:Alam al-Din
2045:Categories
1958:Amin Tarif
1157:References
1139:muqata'jis
1096:muqata'jis
1068:muqata'jis
960:Jabal Amil
556:Al-Tanukhi
404:Background
1659:Holy days
1538:Theophany
1381:. Brill.
1116:muqaddams
1072:muqata'at
1055:muqata'at
1048:Aftermath
1035:In 1711,
885:tax farms
628:Holy days
542:Al-Darazi
466:Theophany
349:clans of
2030:Category
1929:Features
1830:Muhammad
1781:Prophets
1509:Mowahhid
1145:See also
1092:Ammatour
1080:muqata'a
1076:muqata'a
1059:muqata'a
1020:Damascus
1004:Ain Dara
917:clan of
905:Maronite
901:Jumblatt
897:Keserwan
879:, whose
415:a series
413:Part of
379:Damascus
357:clan of
355:Maronite
351:Jumblatt
328:Ain Dara
226:Damascus
194:faction
128:Jumblatt
104:faction
52:Ain Dara
47:Location
1793:Abraham
1685:History
1548:Walayah
1498:Beliefs
1135:Melkite
1127:Tripoli
1112:Bsharri
1108:Batroun
1008:Harfush
993:Prelude
967:Galilee
948:Zaydani
653:History
615:Khalwat
523:Shu'ayb
503:Walayah
441:Beliefs
296:†
1808:Elijah
1593:Shuaib
1533:Taqiya
1427:
1406:
1385:
1182:
1123:Hauran
1104:Byblos
1063:Jezzin
1037:French
1014:Battle
983:Hermel
979:Ghazir
975:Beirut
928:Arslan
915:Shihab
908:Khazen
877:Ma'ans
875:. The
867:, the
640:Ziyara
498:Taqiya
390:Hauran
367:Arslan
359:Khazen
205:Arslan
192:Yamani
170:Khazen
67:Result
1927:Other
1825:Moses
1803:Khidr
1798:Jesus
1607:Texts
1491:Druze
952:Safad
932:Sawaf
889:Chouf
881:emirs
869:Druze
569:Texts
423:Druze
375:Sidon
371:Sawaf
347:Druze
330:, in
316:Heavy
211:Sawaf
102:Qaysi
1835:Noah
1788:Adam
1425:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1133:and
1110:and
1090:and
1088:Niha
956:Sa'b
930:and
893:Matn
417:on
377:and
369:and
322:The
201:clan
39:Date
313:N/A
287:POW
2047::
1335:^
1321:^
1275:^
1263:^
1251:^
1215:^
1203:^
1164:^
1106:,
1098:.
989:.
934:.
895:,
891:,
381:.
365:,
290:)
220::
179::
58:,
54:,
1620:)
1616:(
1511:-
1507:/
1483:e
1476:t
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1433:.
1412:.
1391:.
1188:.
852:e
845:t
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582:)
578:(
450:-
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